Computer Science Overview

The Field - Preparation - Specialty Areas -

Day in the Life - Earnings - Employment -
Career Path Forecast - Professional Organizations

The Field
The rapid and widespread use of computers and
information technology has generated a need for highly
trained workers proficient in various job functions. These
computer specialists include computer scientists, database
administrators, and network systems and data
communication analysts. Job tasks and occupational titles
used to describe these workers evolve rapidly and
continually, reflecting new areas of specialization or
changes in technology, as well as the preferences and
practices of employers.

Computer scientists work as theorists, researchers, or inventors. Their jobs are distinguished
by the higher level of theoretical expertise and innovation they apply to complex problems and
the creation or application of new technology. The areas of computer science research range
from complex theory to hardware design to programming-language design. Some researchers
work on multidisciplinary projects, such as developing and advancing uses of virtual reality,
extending human-computer interaction, or designing robots. They may work on design teams
with electrical engineers and other specialists.

Computer science researchers employed by academic

institutions have job functions that are similar in many ways
to those employed by other organizations. In general,
researchers in academic settings have more flexibility to
focus on pure theory, while those working in other
organizations usually focus on projects that have the
possibility of producing patents and profits. However, some
researchers in non-academic settings have considerable
latitude in determining the direction of their research.

With the Internet and electronic business generating large

volumes of data, there is a growing need to be able to store,
manage, and extract data effectively. Database administrators work with database
management systems software and determine ways to organize and store data. They identify

"Computer Science Overview"

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user needs and set up new computer databases. In many cases, database administrators
must integrate data from outdated systems into a new system. They also test and coordinate
modifications to the system when needed, and troubleshoot problems when they occur. An
organization’s database administrator ensures the performance of the system, understands the
platform on which the database runs, and adds new users to the system. Because many
databases are connected to the Internet, database administrators also must plan and
coordinate security measures with network administrators. With the growing volume of
sensitive data and the increasing interconnectedness of computer networks, data integrity,
backup systems, and database security have become increasingly important aspects of the job
of database administrators.

Network systems and data communications analysts, also

referred to as network architects, design, test, and evaluate
systems such as local area networks (LANs), wide area
networks (WANs), the Internet, intranets, and other data
communications systems. Systems are configured in many
ways and can range from a connection between two offices in
the same building to globally distributed networks, voice mail,
and e-mail systems of a multinational organization. Network
systems and data communications analysts perform network
modeling, analysis, and planning, often requiring both
hardware and software solutions. For example, a network may involve the installation of
several pieces of hardware, such as routers and hubs, wireless adaptors, and cables, while
also requiring the installation and configuration of software, such as network drivers. Analysts
also may research related products and make necessary hardware and software
recommendations.

Preparation
Computer scientists should be creative, inquisitive, analytical, and detail oriented. They must
have a strong grasp of mathematics, including calculus, probability, and statistics, and
computer systems. Preparation in one or more of the sciences, such as, physics, chemistry,
biology, is also a requirement. Abilities to work as part of a team and to communicate well also
will be important as computer science jobs frequently require interaction with specialists
outside of computer science or engineering. To hone these skills, recommended coursework
includes English, writing, social studies, and humanities.

Entry level positions in the field typically require a four year bachelor-of-science degree in
computer science, information science, or computer engineering. State-of-the-art high
technology research and development positions frequently require the M.S. or Ph.D. degree in
either computer science or computer engineering. Tenure track professorial positions in a
university require the Ph.D. degree.

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 Computer Science vs. Computer Engineering vs. Information Science
Most four year degree programs in computer science and computer engineering are accredited
by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). Typically these degree
programs reside in the university’s College of Engineering. The computer engineering degree
program resides in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, or the Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, or it may be a stand alone Department of Computer
Engineering. In some cases, such as, MIT and University of California at Berkeley, these
degrees are offered in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

Typically there is considerable overlap in the computer science and the computer engineering
degree programs. The major difference between the two accredited degree programs is that
an engineering design component is required in the accredited computer engineering degree
program.

Information science degree programs are tailored to prepare students for careers in the
application of computers in business. Therefore these degree programs typically reside in
business colleges and are not accredited by ABET. Although there are a few ABET accredited
programs offered in engineering colleges. In addition to computer science courses in
programming, computer organization and operation, computer networks, databases, these
degree programs require courses in business and management, and fewer courses are
required in mathematics and the sciences than in computer science and engineering degree
programs.
Admission Requirements
Admissions requirements for undergraduate computer science programs include a solid
background in mathematics (algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and calculus) and science
(biology, chemistry, and physics), and courses in English, social studies, humanities, and
computer and information technology. Bachelor’s degree programs in computer science
typically are designed to last 4 years.
Co-ops
Internships and Coops provide students with a great
opportunity to gain real-world experience while still in school.
In addition, graduates can enhance their employment
opportunities by participating in internship or co-op programs
offered through their school.
Courses of Study
In a typical four year 120 semester hour computer science degree program students studying
computer science will complete 40 semester hours of study in computer science topics, along
with at least 30 semester hours of study in mathematics (discrete mathematics, differential and
integral calculus, and probability and statistics) and science topics, usually including a lab
experience. Students will study topics such as algorithms, data structures, software design,
concepts of programming languages, and computer organization and architecture. In addition,
theoretical foundations, problem analysis, and solution design will be presented within the
program of study. Students will also be exposed to a variety of programming languages and
systems and should become proficient in at least one higher-level language. Good
communication skills will be developed along with general studies in humanities, social
sciences, and the arts.

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 Ongoing Study
Technological advances come so rapidly in the computer field that continuous study is
necessary to keep one's skills up to date post graduation. Employers, hardware and software
vendors, colleges and universities, and private training institutions offer continuing education.
Additional training may come from professional development seminars offered by professional
computing societies.

Accredited Programs
Those interested in a career in Computer Science should consider reviewing programs that are
accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc. (ABET). ABET
accreditation is based on an evaluation of a program’s student achievement, program
improvement, faculty, curricular content, facilities, and institutional commitment. The following
is a current list of universities offering accredited degree programs in Computer Science.

• Alabama A&M University • University of Nebraska at Omaha

• University of Alabama at Birmingham • University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• The University of Alabama in Huntsville • University of Nevada-Las Vegas
• The University of Alabama • University of Nevada-Reno
• University of Alaska Fairbanks • University of New Hampshire
• Appalachian State University • University of New Haven
• Arizona State University • New Jersey Institute of Technology
• University of Arkansas at Little Rock • College of New Jersey
• University of Arkansas • University of New Mexico
• Armstrong Atlantic State University • University of New Orleans
• Auburn University • State University of New York at Binghamton
• Baylor University • State University of New York at Brockport
• Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania • State University of New York at New Paltz
• Boise State University • City University of New York, City College
• Bowie State University • City University of New York, College of Staten Island
• Brigham Young University • Nicholls State University
• Bucknell University • Norfolk State University
• California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo • North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State
• California State Polytechnic University, Pomona University
• California State University, Chico • University of North Carolina at Greensboro
• California State University, Dominguez Hills • North Carolina State University at Raleigh
• California State University, Fullerton • North Dakota State University
• California State University, Long Beach • University of North Dakota
• California State University, Los Angeles • University of North Florida
• California State University, Northridge • University of North Texas
• California State University, Sacramento • Northeastern University
• California State University, San Bernardino • Northern Arizona University
• California University of Pennsylvania • University of Notre Dame
• University of California, Berkeley • Oakland University
• University of California, Davis • The Ohio State University
• University of California, Los Angeles • Ohio University
• University of California, Riverside • The University of Oklahoma
• University of California, Santa Barbara • Oregon State University
• Calvin College • Pace University
• Case Western Reserve University • Pacific Lutheran University
• Cedarville University • University of the Pacific
• Central Connecticut State University • University of Pennsylvania
• University of Central Florida • Plymouth State University
• College of Charleston • Polytechnic University
• University of Cincinnati • Portland State University

"Computer Science Overview"

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 • Clemson University • University of Portland
• Coastal Carolina University • Prairie View A & M University
• University of Colorado at Colorado Springs • Radford University
• University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences • Robert Morris University
Center • Rochester Institute of Technology
• University of Connecticut • Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
• Drexel University • Rowan University
• East Tennessee State University • Salem State College
• Eastern Kentucky University • San Diego State University
• Eastern Washington University • San Francisco State University
• University of Evansville • San Jose State University
• Fairleigh Dickinson University (Metropolitan Campus) • University of Scranton
• Florida A & M University • Shippensburg University
• Florida Atlantic University • Slippery Rock University
• Florida Institute of Technology • University of South Alabama
• Florida International University (University Park) • South Carolina State University
• Florida State University • University of South Carolina Upstate
• Gannon University • University of South Carolina
• George Mason University • South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
• The George Washington University • South Dakota State University
• Georgia Institute of Technology • University of South Florida
• Georgia Southern University • Southeastern Louisiana University
• Grambling State University • University of Southern California
• Hampton University • Southern Connecticut State University
• University of Houston • Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville
• University of Houston-Clear Lake • University of Southern Maine
• Howard University • Southern Methodist University
• Idaho State University • University of Southern Mississippi
• University of Idaho • Southern Polytechnic State University
• University of Illinois at Chicago • Southern University and Agricultural & Mechanical
• University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College
• Illinois Institute of Technology • St. Cloud State University
• Illinois State University • Stephen F. Austin State University
• Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne • Stevens Institute of Technology
• Iona College • Stony Brook University
• Iowa State University • Syracuse University
• Jackson State University • University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
• Jacksonville State University • Tennessee Technological University
• The Johns Hopkins University • Texas A & M University
• Kansas State University • University of Texas at Arlington
• The University of Kansas • University of Texas at Dallas
• Kennesaw State University • University of Texas at El Paso
• University of Kentucky • Texas Christian University
• Lafayette College • Texas State University-San Marcos
• Lamar University • The University of Texas-Pan American
• Lehigh University • The University of Toledo
• University of Louisiana at Lafayette • Towson University
• University of Louisiana at Monroe • Tufts University
• Louisiana State University, Shreveport • Tulane University
• Louisiana Tech University • The University of Tulsa
• University of Louisville • United States Air Force Academy
• Loyola College in Maryland • United States Military Academy
• University of Maine • United States Naval Academy
• University of Maryland Baltimore County • Utah State University
• University of Massachusetts Boston • Utah Valley State College
• University of Massachusetts Dartmouth • Villanova University

"Computer Science Overview"

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 • Massachusetts Institute of Technology • Virginia Commonwealth University
• University of Massachusetts Lowell • Virginia Military Institute
• McNeese State University • Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• The University of Memphis • University of Virginia
• Mercer University • Washington State University
• Metropolitan State College of Denver • University of West Georgia
• Miami University • West Virginia University
• University of Michigan • Western Kentucky University
• University of Michigan-Dearborn • Western Michigan University
• Middle Tennessee State University • Western Washington University
• Millersville University of Pennsylvania • Westfield State College
• University of Minnesota Duluth • Winston-Salem State University
• Mississippi State University • Winthrop University
• Mississippi Valley State University • University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire
• University of Mississippi • University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh
• Missouri State University • Worcester Polytechnic Institute
• Missouri University of Science and Technology • Wright State University
• Montana State University - Bozeman • University of Wyoming
• Montana Tech of the University of Montana
• University of Montana
• Montclair State University

Specialty Areas
Most computer scientists are further classified by areas of focus. The following is a list of
several major specialty areas within computer science:

Algorithms and Theory

Artificial Intelligence
Architecture, Parallel Computing and Systems
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
Database and Information Systems
Graphics, Visualization and the Human Computer Interface
Systems and Networking
Programming Languages, Formal Systems, and Software Engineering
Scientific Computing

Algorithms and Theory

Research in this area focuses on the design and analysis of algorithms and data structures for
problems arising in several areas of computer science, including automatic software
verification, computational geometry, data mining, and machine learning.

Artificial Intelligence
This specialty area focuses on a broad range of topics that include knowledge representation,
learning, vision, reasoning, robotics, information systems, and planning. Application areas
include molecular biology, manufacturing, control theory, and scheduling.

"Computer Science Overview"

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 Architecture, Parallel Computing and Systems
Those focusing on the specialty area of architecture develop hardware designs, programming
languages, and their compilers for next-generation computers and computing
components. The specialty area of parallel computing area focuses on projects of varying size
and investigates the software aspects of computation on computers composed of multiple
processors.

Bioinformatics and Computational Biology

Research in this area includes developing efficient and scalable algorithms for biomolecular
simulation and applying data mining, statistical machine learning, natural language processing,
and information retrieval to analyze and mine all kinds of biological data, including DNA
sequences, protein sequences and structures, microarray data, and biology literature, for the
purpose of facilitating biology discovery.

Database and Information Systems

Individuals working in this area would conduct fundamental and cutting-edge research in
databases, data mining, web mining, information retrieval, and natural language processing.
Current areas of focus might include data integration, exploring and integrating the "Deep
Web;" schema matching; security; mining data streams and sequential and semi-structured
data; operating systems support for storage systems; text retrieval and mining; bio-informatics;
database support for high performance computing; and top-k query processing.

Graphics, Visualization and the Human Computer Interface

Graphics and visualization research includes modeling and animation of natural phenomena,
computational topology, graphics hardware utilization, image based rendering, implicit
surfaces, mesh processing and simplification, procedural modeling and texturing, shape
modeling, surface parameterization, and visibility processing. Human-Computer Interface
research involves user interface tools that better support early design tasks, systems and
environments that help users maintain information awareness, tools for multimedia authoring
and design, interfaces that foster social interaction, and, more generally, human-computer
interaction.

Systems and Networking

Networking and distributed systems group research includes a broad range of topics that
include mobile systems, wireless protocols, ad-hoc networks, Quality of Service management,
multimedia networking, peer-to-peer networking, routing, network simulations, active queue
management, and sensor networks.

Operating system research focuses on distributed resource management, management of

ubiquitous computing environments, reflective middleware, middleware "meta-operating
systems," object-oriented operating system design, user interfaces that allow single users to
interact with multi-computers, peer-to-peer operating system services, and context-sensitive
distributed file systems, power management for data centers, file/storage systems, autonomic
computing, system support for software robustness, and system support for databases.
Security research includes dynamic security architectures; security for active networks;
privacy, authentication, authorization, access control, and trust in ubiquitous computing
environments that have mobile users; authentication in sensor networks; specification and

"Computer Science Overview"

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validation of security access control policies; simulation of network security problems and
solutions including denial of service; and next generation phone security. Real-time and
embedded systems research areas include open real-time systems QoS driven real-time
scheduling and communication protocols, integrated design of controllers and real-time
schedulers, the integration between real-time, fault tolerant and security protocols, and robust
dynamic real-time architecture for networked devices and smart spaces.

Programming Languages, Formal Systems, and Software Engineering

Those working in this specialty area study the design and implementation of computer
languages, with the goal of improving both programmer productivity and program quality. The
topics of study range from abstract theories of computer languages to practical questions
about the use and implementation of high-level languages.

Scientific Computing
Individuals working in the specialty area of scientific computing conduct research on the
development and analysis of numerical techniques for approximating mathematical models of
physical systems and on algorithms for solving the resulting equations on high performance
computer systems. Specific scientific and engineering applications considered include
biological molecular dynamics, materials science, semiconductor simulation, astrophysics, and
the design of solid propellant rockets.

Day in the Life

The rapid spread of computers and information technology has
generated a need for highly trained workers to design and
develop new hardware and software systems and to incorporate
new technologies. Job tasks and occupational titles used to
describe these workers evolve rapidly, reflecting new areas of
specialization or changes in technology, as well as the
preferences and practices of employers.

Job Duties
Computer scientists must be able to think logically and have good
communication skills. Because they often deal with a number of tasks simultaneously, the
ability to concentrate and pay close attention to detail is important. Computer scientists
employed in private industry may advance into managerial or project leadership positions.
Those employed in academic institutions can become heads of research departments or
published authorities in their field. Database administrators may advance into managerial
positions, such as chief technology officer, on the basis of their experience managing data and
enforcing security. Computer specialists with work experience and considerable expertise in a
particular subject or a certain application may find lucrative opportunities as independent
consultants or may choose to start their own computer consulting firms.

The Workplace
Computer scientists normally work in offices or laboratories in
comfortable surroundings. They usually work about 40 hours a
week -- the same as many other professional or office workers

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do. However, evening or weekend work may be necessary to meet deadlines or solve specific
problems. Given the technology available today, telecommuting is common for computer
professionals. As networks expand, more work can be done from remote locations through
modems, laptops, electronic mail, and the Internet.

Like other workers who spend long periods in front of a computer terminal typing on a
keyboard, computer systems analysts, database administrators, and computer scientists are
susceptible to eyestrain, back discomfort, and hand and wrist problems such as carpal tunnel
syndrome or cumulative trauma disorder. Through the adoption of good practices and
modification of the workplace environment these problems can be mitigated.

Teams and Coworkers

Although computer specialists sometimes work independently, they frequently work in teams
on large projects. They must be able to communicate effectively with computer personnel,
such as programmers and managers, as well as with users or other staff who may have no
technical computer background.

Earnings
According to the US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, median annual earnings of computer and
information scientists were $93,950 in the most recent data.
The middle 50 percent earned between $71,930 and
$118,100. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $53,590,
and the highest 10 percent earned more than $144,880.
Median annual earnings of computer and information scientists
employed in computer systems design and related services
were $95,340.

According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers, Summer 2008 Salary
Survey Class computer science graduates were offered an average salary offer of $60,416.

Employment
According to the US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
computer scientists and database administrators hold about 542,000 jobs
in the U.S., including about 58,000 who were self-employed. Employment
was distributed among the detailed occupations as follows:

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Network systems and data communication analysts - 262,000
Database administrators - 119,000
Computer and information scientists, research - 25,000
Computer specialists, all other - 136,000

Although they are increasingly employed in every sector of the economy, the greatest
concentration of these workers is in the computer systems design and related services
industry. Firms in this industry provide services related to the commercial use of computers on
a contract basis, including custom computer programming
services; computer systems integration design services;
computer facilities management services, including computer
systems or data processing facilities support services for
clients; and other computer-related services, such as disaster
recovery services and software installation. Many computer
scientists and database administrators are employed by
Internet service providers; Web search portals; and data
processing, hosting, and related services firms. Others work
for government, manufacturers of computer and electronic products, insurance companies,
financial institutions, and universities.

A growing number of computer specialists, such as network and data communications

analysts, are employed on a temporary or contract basis; many of these individuals are self-
employed, working independently as contractors or consultants. For example, a company
installing a new computer system may need the services of several network systems and data
communication analysts just to get the system running. Because not all of the analysts would
be needed once the system is functioning, the company might contract for such employees
with a temporary help agency or consulting firm, or with the network systems analysts
themselves. Such jobs may last from several months to 2 years or more. This growing practice
enables companies to bring in people with the exact skills they need to complete a particular
project, rather than having to spend time or money training or retraining existing workers.
Often, experienced consultants then train a company’s in-house staff as a project develops.

The following is a partial list of employers of Computer Scientists:

Technology Intensive Firms Other Firms

ƒ Apple Computer ƒ 3M Worldwide

ƒ AT&T ƒ Abbott Laboratories
ƒ Cisco Systems ƒ Best Buy Corporation
ƒ Dell ƒ Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
ƒ Fujitsu Siemens Computers ƒ CNN

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 ƒ Google ƒ Dow Chemical Company
ƒ Hewlett-Packard ƒ DuPont
ƒ IBM ƒ Federal Express
ƒ Intel ƒ Ford
ƒ Iomega ƒ Genentech
ƒ Microsoft ƒ General Electric
ƒ Motorola ƒ General Motors Corporation
ƒ Panasonic ƒ GlaxoSmithKline
ƒ Sony Electronics ƒ Honda
ƒ Sun Microsystems ƒ Johnson & Johnson
ƒ Texas Instruments ƒ LL Bean
ƒ Toshiba ƒ Lands End
ƒ Yahoo ƒ Lockheed Martin
ƒ Verizon ƒ Merck & Company
ƒ ZT Group ƒ Merrill Lynch & Co.
ƒ Procter & Gamble Company
ƒ QVC
ƒ Siemens Automotive Corporation
ƒ Toyota
ƒ UPS
ƒ

U.S. Federal Government and State and Local Affiliates Other Employers
ƒ Colleges and Universities
ƒ Department of Energy ƒ K-12 Schools
ƒ Department of Defense ƒ Professional Associations
ƒ Federal Bureau of Investigation
ƒ Federal Emergency Management Agency
ƒ NASA
ƒ National Institute of Standards and Technology
ƒ US Navy

Career Path Forecast

According to the US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, computer scientists and database administrators are
projected to be one of the fastest growing occupations over the
next decade. Strong employment growth combined with a
limited supply of qualified workers will result in excellent
employment prospects for this occupation and a high demand
for their skills.

The computer scientists and database administrators

occupation is expected to grow 37 percent from 2006 to 2016, much faster than average for all
occupations. Employment of these computer specialists is expected to grow as organizations
continue to adopt and integrate increasingly sophisticated technologies.
Job increases will be driven by very rapid growth in computer systems design and related
services, which is projected to be one of the fastest growing industries in the U.S. economy.

"Computer Science Overview"

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The demand for networking to facilitate the sharing of information, the expansion of client-
server environments, and the need for computer specialists to use their knowledge and skills in
a problem-solving capacity will be major factors in the rising demand for computer scientists
and database administrators. Firms will continue to seek out computer specialists who are able
to implement the latest technologies and are able to apply them to meet the needs of
businesses as they struggle to maintain a competitive advantage.

As computers continue to become more central to business

functions, more sophisticated and complex technology is being
implemented across all organizations, fueling demand for computer
scientists and database administrators. There is growing demand
for network systems and data communication analysts to help firms
maximize their efficiency with available technology. Expansion of
electronic commerce -- doing business on the Internet -- and the
continuing need to build and maintain databases that store critical information on customers,
inventory, and projects are fueling demand for database administrators familiar with the latest
technology. Because of the increasing reliance on the Internet among businesses, information
security is an increasing concern.

The development of new technologies leads to demand for various kinds of workers. The
expanding integration of Internet technologies into businesses, for example, has resulted in a
growing need for specialists who can develop and support Internet and intranet applications.
The growth of electronic commerce means that more establishments use the Internet to
conduct their business online. It also means more security specialists are needed to protect
their systems. The spread of such new technologies translates into a need for information
technology professionals who can help organizations use technology to communicate with
employees, clients, and consumers. Explosive growth in these areas also is expected to fuel
demand for specialists who are knowledgeable about network, data, and communications
security.

Computer scientists and database administrators should continue to enjoy

excellent job prospects. As technology becomes more sophisticated and
complex, however, these positions will demand a higher level of skill and
expertise from their employees. Individuals with an advanced degree in
computer science or computer engineering or with an MBA with a
concentration in information systems should enjoy favorable employment
prospects. College graduates with a bachelor’s degree in computer
science, computer engineering, information science, or MIS also should
enjoy favorable prospects, particularly if they have supplemented their
formal education with practical experience. Because employers continue
to seek computer specialists who can combine strong technical skills with
good business skills, individuals with a combination of experience inside and outside the IT
arena will have the best job prospects. In addition to growth, many job openings will arise from
the need to replace workers who move into managerial positions or other occupations or who
leave the labor force.

Professional Organizations

"Computer Science Overview"

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Professional organizations and associations provide a wide range of resources for planning
and navigating a career in Computer Science. These groups can play a key role in your
development and keep you abreast of what is happening in your industry. Associations
promote the interests of their members and provide a network of contacts that can help you
find jobs and move your career forward. They can offer a variety of services including job
referral services, continuing education courses, insurance, travel benefits, periodicals, and
meeting and conference opportunities. A broader list of professional associations is also
available at www.careercornerstone.org.

Association for Computing Machinery (www.acm.org)

Founded in 1947, ACM is a major force in advancing the skills of information technology
professionals and students worldwide. Today, its 80,000 members and the public turn to ACM
for the industry's leading Portal to Computing Literature, authoritative publications and
pioneering conferences, providing leadership for the 21st century.

Association for Women in Computing (www.awc-hq.org)

The Association for Women in Computing is a non-profit professional organization for women
and men who have an interest in information and technology. The Association is dedicated to
the advancement of women in the technology fields.

IEEE Computer Society (www.computer.org)

With nearly 100,000 members, the IEEE Computer Society is the world's leading organization
of computer professionals. Founded in 1946, it is the largest of the 39 societies of the IEEE
(www.ieee.org).

"Computer Science Overview"

Prepared as part of the Sloan Career Cornerstone Center (www.careercornerstone.org)
Note: Some resources in this section are provided by the US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.