MEWAR UNIVERSITY, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.

COURSE INFORMATION SHEET 2009-10

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

SYLLABI OF M.TECH. ( VLSI) SUBJECTS

Semester I

EC611 Elements of Digital VLSI Design

CMOS Technology ,Stick Diagram, Layout and Full Custom Mask Design ,MOS inverters :
Static and Dynamic Characteristics,Inverter Delay and power Dissipation ,Interconnect delay
,Worst Case design for CMOS logic Low power VLSI Circuits , BiCMOS Circuits ,FPGA and
ASICS, Design for Testability, HDL: Verilog and VHDL

Texts/References
N. Weste and K. Eshranghian, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, Addison Wesley. 1985
L. Glaser and D. Dobberpuhl, The Design and Analysis of VLSI Circuits, Addison Wesley, 1985
C. Mead and L. Conway, Introduction to VLSI Systems, Addison Wesley, 1979.
J. Rabaey, Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective, Prentice Hall India, 1997.
D. Perry, VHDL, 2nd Ed., McGraw Hill International, 1995.

EC-612 Semiconductor device modeling and simulation

Quantum Mechanical Concepts, Carrier Concentration, Transport Equation, Band gap,

Mobility and Resistivity, Carrier Generation and Recombination, Avalanche Process, Noise
Sources.
Injection and Transport Model, Continuity Equation, Diode Small Signal and Large Signal
(Change Control Model), Transistor Models: Ebber - Molls and Gummel Port Model,
Mextram model, SPICE modeling temperature and area effects.
Introduction Interior Layer, MOS Transistor Current, Threshold Voltage, Temperature Short
Channel and Narrow Width Effect, Models for Enhancement, Depletion Type MOSFET,
CMOS Models in SPICE.
General Methods, Specific Bipolar Measurement, Depletion Capacitance, Series Resistances,
Early Effect, Gummel Plots, MOSFET: Long and Short Channel Parameters, Statistical
Modeling of Biopolar and MOS Transistors.
Static and Dynamic Models, Rate Equations, Numerical Technique, Equivalent Circuits,
Modeling of LEDs, Laser Diode and Photo-detectors.

TEXT BOOKS

Philip E. Allen, Douglas R. Hoberg, "CMOS Analog Circuit Design", Second Edition, Oxford
Press - 2002
S.M.Sze "Semiconductor Devices - Physics and Technology", John Wiley and sons, 1985
Kiat Seng Yeo, Samir S.Rofail, Wang-Ling Gob, "CMOS / BiCMOS ULSI - Low Voltage, low
Power", Person education, Low price edition, 2003
 MEWAR UNIVERSITY, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.)

EC-613VLSI Technology

Environment for VLSI Technology : Clean room and safety requirements. Wafer cleaning
processes and wet chemical etching techniques.

Impurity incorporation : Solid State diffusion modelling and technology; Ion Implantation
modelling, technology and damage annealing; characterisation of Impurity profiles.

Oxidation : Kinetics of Silicon dioxide growth both for thick, thin and ultrathin films.
Oxidation technologies in VLSI and ULSI; Characterisation of oxide films; High k and low k
dielectrics for ULSI.

Lithography : Photolithography, E-beam lithography and newer lithography techniques for

VLSI/ULSI; Mask generation.

Chemical Vapour Deposition techniques : CVD techniques for deposition of polysilicon,

silicon dioxide, silicon nitride and metal films; Epitaxial growth of silicon; modelling and
technology.

Metal film deposition : Evaporation and sputtering techniques. Failure mechanisms in metal
interconnects; Multi-level metallisation schemes.

Plasma and Rapid Thermal Processing: PECVD, Plasma etching and RIE techniques; RTP
techniques for annealing, growth and deposition of various films for use in ULSI.

Process integration for NMOS, CMOS and Bipolar circuits; Advanced MOS technologies.

Texts/References
C.Y. Chang and S.M.Sze (Ed), ULSI Technology, McGraw Hill Companies Inc, 1996.
S.K. Ghandhi, VLSI Fabrication Principles, John Wiley Inc., New York, 1983.
S.M. Sze (Ed), VLSI Technology, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1988.

Semester II

EC-621 Analog VLSI Design

Basic consideration in analog VLSI design, MOS current sources, current mirrors, out buffers
and voltage reference circuits, CMOS amplifier, Noise in CMOS amplifier, CMOS
comparators, Mixed signal circuits, MOS circuit components, Switched capacitor filters
realization by MOS technology.

TEXT BOOKS
Philip E. Allen, Douglas R. Hoberg, "CMOS Analog Circuit Design", Second Edition, Oxford
Press – 2002
 MEWAR UNIVERSITY, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.)

EC-622 DSP

Discrete Time Signals: Sequences; representation of signals on orthogonal basis; Sampling

and Reconstruction of signals;

Discrete systems: attributes, Z-Transform, Analysis of LSI systems, Frequency

Analysis,InverseSystems, Discrete FourierTransform(DFT), Fast Fourier
Transform algorithm, Implementation of Discrete Time Systems.

Design of FIR Digital filters: Window method, Park-McClellan's method.

Design of IIR Digital Filters: Butterworth, Chebyshev and Elliptic Approximations; Lowpass,
Bandpass, Bandstop and High pass filters.

Effect of finite register length in FIR filter design.

Parametric and non-parametric spectral estimation. Introduction to multirate signal

processing. Application of DSP to Speech and Radar signal processing.

Texts/References
A.V. Oppenheim and Schafer, Discrete Time Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1989.
JohnG.Proakis and D.G. Manolakis,DigitalSignal Processing: Principle,
Algorithms andApplications, Prentice Hall, 1997.
L.R. Rabiner and B. Gold, Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing, Prentice
Hall, 1992.
J.R. Johnson, Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1992.
D.J.DeFatta,J. G. Lucas andW.S.Hodgkiss, Digital Signal
Processing, J Wiley and Sons, Singapore, 1988.

EC-623Embaded system design

The concept of embedded systems design. Embedded microcontroller cores,

embedded memories. Examples of embedded systems.

Technological aspects of embedded systems: interfacing between analog and digital blocks,
signal conditioning, digital signal processing. sub-system interfacing, interfacing with
external systems, user interfacing. Design trade offs due to process compatibility, thermal
considerations, etc.

Software aspects of embedded systems: real time programming languages and operating
systems for embedded systems.
 MEWAR UNIVERSITY, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.)

Texts/References
J.W. Valvano, "Embedded Microcomputor System: Real Time Interfacing", Brooks/Cole,
2000.
Jack Ganssle, "The Art of Designing Embedded Systems", Newnes, 1999.
V.K. Madisetti, "VLSI Digital Signal Processing", IEEE Press (NY, USA), 1995.
David Simon, "An Embedded Software Primer", Addison Wesley, 2000.
K.J. Ayala, "The 8051 Microcontroller: Architecture, Programming, and Applications",
Penram Intl, 1996.

Semester III

EC-631 VLSI Physical Design

COMBINATIONAL LOGIC FUNCTIONS
Binary codes, Symmetric functions, Synthesis of symmetric networks, Identification of
symmetric functions, Introductory concepts of Threshold Logic, Decoders, Encoders,
Multiplexers, Implementing functions using Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Magnitude
Comparators, Parity Generators and Checkers, Signed Binary Arithmetic, Binary Adders and
Subtractors, BCD Adders.
COUNTERS- SHIFT REGISTERS AND STATE MACHINES
Digital counters and shift registers, Mealy machine, Moore machine, State diagrams, State
table minimization, Incompletely Specified Sequential Machines- State Assignments.
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES
Basic concepts, Programming technologies, Programmable Logic Element (PLE),
Programmable Logic Array (PLA), Programmable Array Logic (PAL), Structure of standard
PLDs, complex PLDs (CPLD). Design of combinational and sequential circuits using PLD's,
Introduction to Field Programmable Gate Arrays-types of FPGA- XILINX XC 3000 series and
4000 series FPGAs. Altera CPLDs- Altera FLEX 10K Series CPLDs. Design examples.
FINITE STATE MACHINES (FSM)
State transition table- state assignment for FPGAs, State Machine Charts, Derivation of SM
Charts, Realization of SM charts, Linked state machines. Encoded state machines,
Architectures centered around Non-registered PLDs. State machine designs centered
around shift registers. One-hot design method, Application of one-hot method.

DIGITAL DESIGN WITH VHDL

Basic Concepts: Data Objects, Data Types, Operators, Concurrent and Sequential Assignment
Statements, Different Styles of Modeling, Simple Examples.
 MEWAR UNIVERSITY, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.)

Elective

EC-001 Solid state microwave device & application

Amplifiers - Microwave semiconductor devices and models; Power gain equations,

stability, impedance matching, constantgain and noise figure circles; Small
signal, low noise, high-power and broadband amplifier designs.
Oscillators - One port, two port, YIG dielectric and Gunn-diode oscillators.
Two terminal microwave devices and circuits:
PIN diodes and uses as switches, phase shifters and limiters;
Varactor diodes, IMPATT and TRAPATT devices, transferred electron devices.
Microwave BJTs. GaAs FETs, low noise and power GaAs FETs and their applications.
Microwave Mixers.

Texts/References

S.Y. Liao, Microwave Circuit Analysis and Amplifier Design, Prentice Hall, 1987.
G.D. Vendelin, A.M. Pavio, U.L. Rohde, Microwave Circuit Design, Using Linear
and Non-linear Techniques, John Wiley, 1990.
Y. Konishi, Microwave Integrated Circuits, Marcel Dekker, 1991.

EC-002 Nano Electronics

Shrink-down approaches: Introduction, CMOS Scaling, The nanoscale MOSFET, Finfets,

Vertical MOSFETs, limits to scaling, system integration limits (interconnect issues etc.),
Resonant Tunneling Transistors, Single electron transistors, new storage, optoelectronic,
and spintronics devices.
Atoms-up approaches: Molecular electronics involving single molecules as electronic
devices, transport in molecular structures, molecular systems as alternatives to
conventional electronics, molecular interconnects; Carbon nanotube electronics,
bandstructure & transport, devices, applications.

Texts/References

1. Introduction to Nanotechnology, C.P. Poole Jr., F.J. Owens,Wiley (2003).

2: Nanoelectronics and Information Technology (Advanced Electronic Materials and Novel
Devices), Waser Ranier,
Wiley-VCH (2003)
3. Nanosystems, K.E. Drexler, Wiley (1992)
4. The Physics of Low-Dimensional Semiconductors, John H. Davies, Cambridge University
Press, 1998
5. Research Papers
 MEWAR UNIVERSITY, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.)

EC-003 Electronic Systems Design

Signal conditioning, Instrumentation & Isolation amplifiers, Analog filters, Analog switches,
Programmable circuits, Switched-capacitors circuits and applications. A/D and D/A
conversion: sampling and quantization, antialiasing and smoothening filters, Data
converters, Interfacing with DSP blocks. Signal measurement in the presence of
noise:synchronous detection, signal averaging. Noise in electronic systems; design of low
noise circuits. Interfacing of analog and digital systems. PCB design and layout; System
assembly considerations.

Texts/References

A. S Sedra and KC Smith, Microelectronic circuits, Oxford, 1998.

S. Soclof, Applications of analog integrated circuits, Prentice Hall1990.
T. T. Lang, Electronics of measuring systems - practical implementation, Wiley,1987.
P. Horowitz and W Hill, The art of electronics, Cambridge,1995.
H.W.Ott, Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems, Wiley, 1989.
S. K Mitra, Digital signal processing: a computer based approach, McGraw Hill, 1998.
W.C. Bosshart, Printed Circuit Boards: Design and Technology, Tata McGraw Hill, 1983.
G.L. Ginsberg, Printed Circuit Design, McGraw Hill, 1991.

EC-004 Simulation of Circuits and Devices

Formulation of network equations: Nodal, mesh, modified nodal and hybrid analysis
equations. Sparse matrixtechniques; Solutionof nonlinear networks through
Newton-Raphson technique.
Multistep methods: convergence and stability; Special classes of multistep methods:
Adams-bashforth, Adams-Moulton and Gear's methods; Solution of stiff systems
of equations; Adaptation of multistep methods to the solution of electrical networks;
General purpose circuit simulators.
Review of semiconductor equations (Poisson, continuity, drift-diffusion, trap rate).
Finite difference formulation of theseequationsin1Dand2D. Grid
generation.
Physical/empiricalmodelsofsemiconductor parameters (mobility,lifetime,
band gap, etc.).
Computationof characteristicsof simple devices(p-n junction, MOS
capacitor, MOSFET, etc.);Small-signal analysis.
Texts/References
L.O.Chua and P.M.Lin, Computer aided analysis and electronic circuits, Prentice Hall, 1975.
S. Selberherr, Analysis and Simulation of Semiconductor Devices, Springer-
Verlag, 1984.
N.J. McCalla, Fundamentals of Computer Aided Circuit Simulation, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 1988.
 MEWAR UNIVERSITY, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.)

EC-005 High Power Semiconductor Devices

Basic device models: Theory of bipolar and MOS transistors. Small-signal models of bipolar
and MOS transistors, Gummel-Poon model.
High current effects in diodes: Dependence of lifetime on high-level injection, non-uniform
current distribution under high current injection.
Power biploar transistors: Onset of high-current effects in transistors; Theories of Kirk
effect, crowding, pinch-in effects, second breakdown, etc; Emitter geometries for high
current and HF operation. SCR : Theories of operation; Relation between shorted emitter
and dv/dt ratings; Gate turn-off devices, inverter grade SCRs, special diffusion techniques
for SCRs. Power VMOS devices.Heat transfer in power devices; Power MOS devices : VMOS
& DMOS device structure and models; device packaging.
Texts/References

S.M. Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 2nd ed., Wiley, 1981.

EC-006 Foundations of VLSI CAD

Matrices: Linear dependence of vectors, solution of linear equations, bases of vector

spaces, orthogonality, complementary orthogonal spaces and solution spaces of linear
equations.

Graphs: representation of graphs using matrices; Paths, connectedness; circuits, cutsets,

trees; Fundamental circuit and cutset matrices; Voltage and current spaces of a directed
graph and their complementary orthogonality.

Algorithms and data structures: efficient representation of graphs; Elementary graph

algorithms involving bfs and dfs trees, such as finding connected and 2- connected
components of a graph, the minimum spanning tree, shortest path between a pair of
vertices in a graph; Data structures such as stacks, linked lists and queues, binary trees and
heaps. Time and space complexity of algorithms.

Texts/References

K. Hoffman and R.E. Kunze, Linear Algebra, Prentice Hall (India), 1986
N.Balabanian and T.A. Bickart, Linear Network Theory : Analysis, Properties, Design and
Synthesis, Matrix Publishers, Inc., 1981.
T.Cormen, C.Leiserson and R.A.Rivest, Algorithms, MIT Press and McGraw-Hill, 1990.
 MEWAR UNIVERSITY, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.)

EC-007 Circuits Simulation in Power Electronics

Formulation of network equations : Nodal, Mesh, Modified Nodal and Sparse Tableau
Analysis, Sparse matrix techniques, solution of nonlinear equations by Newton_Raphson
method, Multistep methods : Convergence and stability, special classes of multistep
methods, Adaptation of multi-step methods to the solution of electrical networks, general-
purpose circuit simulators, Introduction to machine modeling : induction, DC, and
synchronous machines, Simulation of three-phase converters: fundamentals of switching
behaviour, space vector representation, modulation methods. Interaction between power
electronic converters and rotating machines. Power electronic converters in power
distribution systems, DC to DC converters.

Texts/References

L.O. Chua and P.M. Lin, "Computer-aided analysis of electronic circuits", Prentice Hall, 1975.
N.J. McCalla, "Fundamentals of computer-aided circuit simulation", Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 1988.
N. Mohan, T.M. Udeland, and W.P. Robbins, "Power Electronics: Converters, Applications,
and Design," J. Wiley and sons, New York, 1994.

P.C. Krause, "Analysis of electric machinery", McGraw Hill, New York, 1986.

EC-008 CMOS Analog VLSI Design

Introduction to analog VLSI and mixed signal issues in CMOS technologies. Basic MOS
models, SPICE Models and frequency dependent parameters. Basic MNOS/CMOS gain
stage, cascade and cascode circuits. Frequency response, stabilty and noise issues in
amplifiers. CMOS analog blocks: Current Sources and Voltage references. Differential
amplifier and OPAMP design. Frequency Synthesizers and Phased lock-loop. Non-linear
analog blocks: Comparators,Charge-pump circuits and Multipliers. Data converters. Analog
Interconnects. Analog Testing and Layout issues. Low Voltage and Low Power Circuits.
Introduction to RF Electronics. Basic concepts in RF design

Text/References

R.Jacob Baker,H.W.Li, and D.E. Boyce CMOS Circuit Design ,Layout and Simulation, Prentice-
Hall of India,1998
Mohammed Ismail and Terri Faiz Analog VLSI Signal and Information Process, McGraw-Hill
Book company,1994
Paul R. Gray and R.G.Meyer, Analysis and design of Analog Integrated circuits John Wiley
and sons,USA,(3rd Edition),1993
B. Razavi, RF Microelectronics, Prentice-Hall PTR,1998
Journals: 1}IEEE Journal of Solid state Circuits

2}IEEE Trans. on Communications

 MEWAR UNIVERSITY, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.)

EC009 Microwave Integrated Circuits

Introduction to microwave integrated circuits: Active and passive components.

Analysis of microstrip lines: variational method,conformal transformation, numerical
analysis; losses in microstrip lines;Slotline and Coupled lines; Designof
power dividers and combiners, directional couplers, hybrid couplers, filters.
Microstriplinesonferriteandgarnetsubstrates; Isolatorsand
circulators; Lumped elements inMICs.
Technology ofMICs: Monolithicand hybrid substrates; thin and thick film
technologies, computer aided design.
Texts/References
Leo Young and H. Sobol, Ed. Advances in Microwaves, Vol.2, Academic Press Inc.,
1974.
B.Bhat and S. Koul, Stripline-like transmission lines for MICs, John Wiley, 1989.
T.K. Ishii, Handbook of Microwave Technology, vol.I, Academic Press, 1995.

EC-010 Mixed mode designing

Characterization of a comparator, basic CMOS comparator design, analog multiplier design,

PLL - simple PLL, charge-pump PLL, applications of PLL.
Switched Capacitor circuits - basic principles, some practical circuits such as switched
capacitor integrator, biquad circuit, switched capacitor filter, switched capacitor amplifier,
non-filtering applications of switched capacitor circuit such as programmable gate arrays,
DAC and ADC, MOS comparators, modulators, rectifiers, detectors, oscillators.
Sampling circuits
Basic sampling circuits for analog signal sampling, performance metrics of sampling circuits,
different types of sampling switches.
Sample-and-Hold Architectures
Open-loop & closed-loop architectures, open-loop architecture with miller capacitance,
multiplexed-input architectures, recycling architecture, switched capacitor architecture,
current-mode architecture.
Basics Input/output characteristics of an ideal D/A converter, , performance metrics of D/A
converter, D/A converter in terms of voltage, current, and charge division or multiplication,
switching functions to generate an analog output corresponding to a digital input.
D/A converter architecturesResistor-Ladder architectures, current-steering architectures.
Basics input/output characteristics and quantization error of an A/D converter, performance
metrics of A/D converter. A/D converter architectures Flash architectures, two-step
architectures, interpolate and folding architectures, pipelined architectures, Successive
approximation architectures, interleaved architectures. Low Pass filters, active RC
integrators, MOSFET-C integrators, transconductance-c integrator, discrete time
integrators. Filtering topologies - bilinear transfer function and biquadratic transfer
function.
 MEWAR UNIVERSITY, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.)

Texts/References

Razavi, "Design of analog CMOS integrated circuits", McGraw Hill, 2001

Razavi, "Principles of data conversion system design", S.Chand and company ltd, 2000
Jacob Baker, "CMOS Mixed-Signal circuit design", IEEE Press, 2002
Gregorian, Temes, "Analog MOS Integrated Circuit for signal processing", John Wiley & Sons
Baker, Li, Boyce, "CMOS : Circuit Design, layout and Simulation", PHI, 2000.

EC-011 Introduction to MEMS

MEMS and Microsystems, Microsystems and microelectronics, Microsystems and

miniaturization, Working principle of micro system - Micro sensors, Micro actuators, MEMS
with Micro actuators.
Materials For MEMS - Substrate and wafer, silicon as a substrate material, silicon
compound, silicon Piezo-resistors, Gallium Arsenide, quartz, Piezoelectric crystals, polymers
and packaging Materials.
Fabrication Process - Photolithography, Ion implantation, Oxidation, Chemical vapor
deposition (CVD), Physical vapor deposition, Deposition by Epitaxy, Etching.
Manufacturing Process - Bulk Micromachining, Surface Micromachining, LIGA Process.
Micro system Design - Design consideration, process design, Mechanical design, Mechanical
design using MEMS.
Mechanical packaging of Microsystems, Microsystems packaging, interfacing in
Microsystems packaging, packaging technology, selection of packaging materials, signal
mapping and transduction.
Case study on strain sensors, Temperature sensors, Pressure sensors, Humidity sensors,
Accelerometers, Gyroscopes , RF MEMS Switch, phase shifter, and smart sensors. Case
study of MEMS pressure sensor Packaging.

TEXT BOOKS

Tai - Rai Hsu, "MEMS and Microsystems DESIGN and Manufacturing", Tata MC Graw Hill,
Edtion 2002
Julian W Gardner, "Microsensors MEMS and smart devices", John Wiley and sons Ltd,2001
Chang Liu, "Foundation of MEMS", Pearson International Edition,2006
Gabriel M Rebeiz, "RF MEMS - Theory Design and Technology", John Wiley and Sons, 2003

EC-012 Embedded Systems

Introduction to Embedded Systems - definitions and constraints; hardware and

processor requirements; special purpose processors; input-output design and I/O
communication protocols; design space exploration for constraint satisfaction; codesign
approach; example system design; Formal approach to specification;
specification languages; specification refinement and design; design validation; Real
Time operating system issues with respect to embedded system applications; time
constraints and performance analysis
 MEWAR UNIVERSITY, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.)

EC013 Testing and Verification of circuits

Physical faults and their modeling. Fault equivalence and dominance; fault collapsing.
Fault simulation: parallel, deductive and concurrent techniques; critical path tracing.
Test generation for combinational circuits: Boolean difference, D-algorithm, Podem,
etc. Exhaustive, random and weighted test pattern generation; aliasing and its effect
on fault coverage. PLA testing: cross-point fault model, test generation, easily testable
designs. Memory testing: permanent, intermittent and pattern-sensitive faults; test
generation. Delay faults and hazards; test generation techniques. Test pattern
generation for sequential circuits: ad-hoc and structures techniques, scan path and
LSSD, boundary scan. Built-in self-test techniques. Verification: logic level
(combinational and sequential circuits), RTL-level (data path and control path).
Verification of embedded systems. Use of formal techniques: decision diagrams,
logic-based approaches.

EC-015 System Design

Basics of system hardware design. Hierarchical design using top-down and bottom-up
methodology. System partitioning techniques, interfacing between system components.
Handling multiple clock domains, Synchronous and asynchronous design styles. Interface
between synchronous and asynchronous blocks. Meta-stability and techniques for handling
it. Interfacing linear and digital systems, data conversion circuits. Design of finite state
machines, state assignment strategies. Design and optimization of pipelined stages. Use of
data flow graphs, Critical path analysis, retiming and scheduling strategies for performance
enhancement. Implementation of DSP algorithms.Signal integrity and high speed behaviour
of interconnects: ringing, cross talk and ground bounce. Layout strategies at IC and board
level for local and global signals.Power supply decoupling.

Test strategies: Border Scan, Built In Self Test and signature analysis.
Texts/References
Jan M. Rabaey, "Digital Integrated Circuits", Prentice Hall of India, (New Delhi), 1997.
M.J.S. Smith, "Application Specific Integrated Circuits", Addison Wesley (Reading, MA), 1999
Vijay K. Madisetti, "VLSI Digital Signal Processing", IEEE Press (NY, USA), 1995.
 MEWAR UNIVERSITY, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.)

OPEN ELECTIVE - VLSI

OE-001 Advance mathematics

OE-002 Random variable and stochastics procedure.

OE-003 Intelligent Systems

Data, information and knowledge. Model of an intelligent system. Models of

knowledge representations: Representation and reasoning in logic. Semantic
representations: semantic networks, frames; Frame/script systems; Conceptual
dependency and conceptual graphs. Ontologies. Knowledge based systems: Software
architecture of a knowledge-based system, Rulebased programming and production
systems, Rule chaining and inference control, Inference: reasoning about knowledge,
Temporal reasoning, Inference under uncertainty: Bayesian techniques, Fuzzy
reasoning, Casebased reasoning. Intelligent agents, The agent metaphor and attributes
of agenthood, Agent theory and languages, Inter-agent communication, Ontological
issues. Alternatives to the symbolic approach: Foundations of connectionist networks;
their history. Applications of AI: Example application domains, e.g. Configuration,
Diagnosis, Planning, intelligent interfaces, usermodelling, Practical implications of
choosing and applying AI solutions. Knowledge representation and the Web,
Semantic Web.

OE-004 Multimedia Systems

An overview of multimedia system and media streams; Source representation and

compression techniques text, speech and audio, still image and video; Graphics and
animation; Multi-modal communication; Multimedia communication, video
conferencing, video-on-demand broadcasting issues, traffic shaping and networking
support; Transcoding; Multimedia OS and middleware; Synchronization and QoS;
Multimedia servers, databases and content management; Multimedia information
system and applications.

OE- 005 Theory of Programming Languages

Syntax of Programming Languages, Formal Language and Automata Theory: Finite

Automata, Regular Languages, Pushdown Automata, Context Free Languages, Linear
Bounded Automata, Context Sensitive Languages, Turing machines and Recursively
Enumerable Sets. Theory of LR(k) Parsing, Attribute Grammars. Semantics of
Programming Languages: Basic Mathematical Introduction: Propositional and
Predicate Calculus, Lambda Calculus, Algebraic Structures. Sequential Languages
(Imperative and Applicative): Operational Semantics, Vienna Definition Methods,
Denotational Semantics: Scott-Strachy Theory, Axiomatic Semantics: Floyd- Hoare
Approach, Temporal Logic, Algebraic Semantics and Data Types.
 MEWAR UNIVERSITY, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.)

OE -006 Artificial Intelligence

Machine Learning & AI - Introduction, hierarchical perspective and foundations. Rote
Learning, Learning by advice, learning in problem solving inductive learning, explanation
based learning, learning from observation and discovery, learning by analogy, introduction to
formal learning theory.
Biological neurons and brain, models of biological neurons, artificial neurons and neural
networks, Early adaptive nets Hopfield nets, back error propagation competitive learning
lateral inhibition and feature maps, Stability - Plasticity and noise saturation dilemma, ART
nets, cognition and recognition.
Neural nets as massively parallel, connectionist architecture, Application in solving problems
from various are as e.g., AI, Computer Hardware, networks, pattern recognition sensing and
control etc.
Reference:
1. P H Winston - Artificial Intelligence - Pearson Education
2. Bishop, Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition, OUP
3. Cohen, Empirical Methods for AI, PHI
4. Haykin, Neural Network, Pearson Education/PHI
5. E Charniak and W Midermott - Introduction to Artificial Intelligence - Pearson Education.
6. Hagan, Neural Network Design , Vikas
7. Shivanandan, Artificial Neural Network, Vikas
8. Bose - Neural Network Fundamentals with graphs, Algorithms and Applications - TMH.

OE-007 Advanced Digital Image Processing and

Computer Vision
Sensor and Imaging: Imaging Optics, Radiometry of Imaging, Illumination sources
and techniques, Camera Principles, Color Imaging, Single Sensor Color Imaging and
Color Demosaicing, Range Images, 3D Imaging. Signal Representation: Vector Space
and Unitary Trasnsforms, Multi-Resolutional Signal Representation, Wavelet
Decomposition, Scale space and diffusion, Representation of color, Retinex
Processing, Markov Random Field Modellings of Images. Non-linear Image
Processing: Median and Order Statistics Filters, Rank-Ordered-Mean Filters and
Signal Dependent Rank-Ordered-Mean Filters, Two Dimensional Teager Filters,
Applications of nonlinear filters in image enhancement, edge detections, noise
removal etc. Feature Estimation: Morphological Operations, Edge Detection, Edges in
multichannel images, Texture Analysis, Optical flow based motion estimation,
Reflectance based shape recovery, Depth from focus, Stereo matching and depth
estimation. Image and Video Compression Standards: Lossy and lossless compression
schemes: Transform Based, Sub-band Decomposition, Entropy Encoding, JPEG,
JPEG2000, MPEG-1, MPEG-4, and MPEG-7. Object Analysis, Classification:
Bayesian Classification, Fuzzy Classification, Neural Network Classifiers, Shape
Reconstruction from volumetric data, Knowledge-based interpretation of images.
OE-008 Power Electronics
 MEWAR UNIVERSITY, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.)

Review of line commutated converters, inverters, voltage control & Power factor
improvement. power Devices : BJT, MOSFET, IGBT & GTOs - operating characteristics and
gate drive requirements and circuits. Switched - mode rectifier: various Power circuit
configurations & wave shaping techniques. Synchronous link rectifiers: Power circuit
configurations, control techniques, application of these converters in load compensation,
series compensators, multi level converters. inverters : voltage source inverters:- single
phase & Six step inverters, voltage control & PWM strategies,and implementation aspects,
Modification of power circuit for Four quadrant operation. Current source inverters: single
phase and three phase power circuit configuration and analysis. Load commutated
inverters: principle of operation, modification of power circuit configuration for low
frequency operation. Phase Controllers.

OE-009 COMPUTATIONAL NUMBER THEORY

Algorithms for integer arithmetic: Divisibility, gcd, modular arithmetic, modular
exponentiation, Montgomery arithmetic, congruence, Chinese remainder theorem,
Hensel lifting, orders and primitive roots, quadratic residues, integer and modular
square roots, prime number theorem, continued fractions and rational approximations.
Representation of finite fields: Prime and extension fields, representation of
extension fields, polynomial basis, primitive elements, normal basis, optimal normal
basis, irreducible polynomials.
Algorithms for polynomials: Root-finding and factorization, Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz
algorithm, polynomials over finite fields.
Elliptic curves: The elliptic curve group, elliptic curves over finite fields, Schoof's
point counting algorithm.
Primality testing algorithms: Fermat test, Miller-Rabin test, Solovay-Strassen test,
AKS test.
Integer factoring algorithms: Trial division, Pollard rho method, p-1 method,
CFRAC method, quadratic sieve method, elliptic curve method.
Computing discrete logarithms over finite fields: Baby-step-giant-step method,
Pollard rho method, Pohlig-Hellman method, index calculus methods, linear sieve
method, Coppersmith's algorithm.
Applications: Algebraic coding theory, cryptography.
References
1. Victor Shoup, A Computational Introduction to Number Theory and Algebra,
Cambridge University Press.
2. Maurice Mignotte, Mathematics for Computer Algebra, Springer-Verlag.
3. Ivan Niven, Herbert S. Zuckerman and H. L. Montgomery, An Introduction to the
Theory of Numbers, John Wiley.
4. Joachim von zur Gathen and Juergen Gerhard, Modern Computer Algebra,
Cambridge University Press.
5. Rudolf Lidl and Harald Niederreiter, Introduction to Finite Fields and their
Applications, Cambridge University Press.
6. Alfred J. Menezes, editor, Applications of Finite Fields, Kluwer Academic
Publishers.
7. Joseph H. Silverman and John Tate, Rational Points on Elliptic Curves, Springer
International Edition.
8. D. R. Hankerson, A. J. Menezes and S. A. Vanstone, Guide to Elliptic Curve
Cryptography, Springer-Verlag.
9. A. Das and C. E. Veni Madhavan, Public-key Cryptography: Theory and practice,
Pearson Education Asia.
10. Henri Cohen, A Course in Computational Algebraic Number Theory, Springer-
Verlag.
 MEWAR UNIVERSITY, CHITTORGARH (RAJ.)

OE-010 Performance & reliability of information system.

OE-011 Robotics

Definition and Origin of Robotics - Basic components - Classifications-Performance

characteristics - Drives systems - Electric, hydraulic and Pneumatic Drives-Control loops
using current amplifier and voltage amplifiers

Robotics sensory devices - Non optical position sensors- Optical position sensors -velocity
sensors - Tactile sensors - Force and touch sensors - proximity and range sensor-Acoustic
sensors - vision systems - Image processing and analysis - Image data reduction -
segmentation - feature Extraction - object recognition

End effectors - Types - Mechanical Grippers - Vacuum cups - Magnetic grippers - Robot end
effector interface - Robot programming-Methods and classifications-Programming
Languages - VAL, AML-Positive stop program, point to point program and continuous path
program

Manipulator kinematics, Homogeneous transformations and robot kinematics - Robot

dynamic - configuration of robot controller

Multiple Robots - Machine Interface - Robot Cell Design - Industrial Robots for welding,
Painting and Assembly - Remote controlled robots - Robots for nuclear, Thermal and
chemical plants-Industrial automation-Typical example of automated industries - Selection
of Robot - Robotics and Expert systems

TEXT BOOKS

Yoran Koren, "Robotics for Engineers", McGraw Hill, 1980

Mikell.P.Groover, et.al, "Industrial Robots - Technology Programming and Applications", Mc
Graw Hill, 1980

REFERENCE BOOKS

Klafter R.D. Chimielewski.T.A. and Negin.M. Robotics Engineering - "An Integrated

Approach", Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi - 1994
K.S.Fu.R.C. Gonzalez C.S.G.Lee, "Robotics" - McGraw Hill 1987
S.R.Deb, "Robotics Technology & Flexible Automation" - Tata McGraw Hill 1994

C.Raasfail, "Robotics and Manufacturing Automation" - 2nd Edition John Wiley and Sons
1992