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Introduction To Power Electronics

Power electronics involves the conversion of electrical energy from one form to another using solid state switching devices. It combines power, electronics, and control. Power electronics devices can be unilateral or bilateral, linear or non-linear, and passive or active. Key components include power diodes, transistors, and thyristors. Power electronic circuits are classified as rectifiers, AC-DC converters, AC-AC converters, DC-DC converters, DC-AC inverters, or static switches. Power switches must support high voltages and currents while switching, with low conduction losses, leakage currents, and drive requirements. Their switching speed and ratings determine the maximum operating frequency.

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Atif Saleem
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452 views

Introduction To Power Electronics

Power electronics involves the conversion of electrical energy from one form to another using solid state switching devices. It combines power, electronics, and control. Power electronics devices can be unilateral or bilateral, linear or non-linear, and passive or active. Key components include power diodes, transistors, and thyristors. Power electronic circuits are classified as rectifiers, AC-DC converters, AC-AC converters, DC-DC converters, DC-AC inverters, or static switches. Power switches must support high voltages and currents while switching, with low conduction losses, leakage currents, and drive requirements. Their switching speed and ratings determine the maximum operating frequency.

Uploaded by

Atif Saleem
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Some Basic concepts:

• Unilateral and bi lateral components.

• Linear and non linear components.

• Passive and Active components.


Introduction To Power
Electronics
How We Can Define Power
Electronics
• Power electronics is the art of converting
electrical energy from one form to another in an
efficient, clean and robust manner for convenient
utilization.
• Power electronics combine power, electronics
and control.
• Power electronics can be defined as the
application of solids state electronics for control
and conversion of electric power.
• *Power electronics is based on the switching of
power semiconductor devices.
Difference between linear and
power electronics
• In power electronics all the semiconductor
devices are operated in switching mode :either
fully ON or Fully OFF.
• Where as in linear electronics for example in
linear amplifier, we require to operate BJT in
linear active zone or working mode. When BJT
is used in power electronics we use it in
Saturation and cutoff mode (switching).
• Semiconductor devices used in both linear and
power electronics are common except that the
power devices have larger power, voltage and
current handling capabilities.
Control Characteristics of Power
Semiconductor Devices
• As the power devices are operated as
switches by applying the control signal or
triggering signal to gate(FET) or to
base(BJT).

• The o/p is obtained by varying the


conduction time of these switching
devices.
Classification of power devices on base
of controlling
• Uncontrolled turn ON and turn OFF.

• Controlled turn ON and uncontrolled turn


OFF.

• Controlled turn ON and OFF.


Power Electronics Devices
• Power Diodes

• Transistors

• Thyristors
Power Diodes
• General purpose

• High Speed

• Schottky
Power Transistors
• BJT

• MOSFET

• IGBT

• SIT
THYRISTORS
• SCR
• LASCR
• SITH
• DIAC
• TRIAC
• GTO
• GATT
Types of Power electronic circuits
• Power electronics circuits can be classified into
six types:
• Diode Rectifiers.
• Ac to Dc Converters. (Controlled Rectifiers)
• Ac to Ac Converters. (Ac Voltage Controlled)
• Dc to Dc Converters. (Dc Chopper)
• Dc to Ac Converters. (Inverters)
• Static Switches.
Converter Topology
Characteristic and Specification of
Switches
• There are many types of power switching
devices which can be used in any of the
above possible circuits of power
electronics.
• Each power switching device have its own
advantages and disadvantages.
• The selection of power switching device
depends on the voltage, current and
speed requirements of the circuit.
• In the ON state when the switch is ON, it
must have:
1-Ability to carry a high forward current IF
,tending to infinity.

2-Low ON state forward voltage drop


VON,tending to zero.
3-low ON state resistance RON,tending to
zero.
4-Low RON insure low ON state power loss
PON.
• In the OFF state when the switch is OFF, it
must have:
1-Ability to hold high voltage VBR, tending to
infinity.
2-Low OFF state leakage current IOFF,
tending to zero.
3-High OFF state resistance ROFF, tending to
infinity.
4-High ROFF insure low OFF state power loss
POFF.
• During turn ON and OFF process, switch must
be completely ON and OFF instantaneously so
that it can be used in fast switching applications.
Therefore delay times must be low tending to
zero.
• For turn ON and OFF must require low driving
voltage and current.
• Both turn ON and OFF must be controllable.
• Must have high dv/dt and di/dt so that switch can
swap high to low and low to high transitions
fastly.
• Delay time td:Time required for switch to come
out from cutoff, it is the time required for I to
reach 10% of its max value, time required for V
to reach 90% of its max value.
• Rise time tr: it is the time required for I to reach
10% to 90% transition, time required for V to
reach 90% to 10% transition.
• Storage time ts: it is the time required for I to
drop 90% of its max value, time required for V to
rise 10% of its max value.
• Fall time tf:Time required for switch to come out
from sat, it is the time required for I to drop from
90% to 10% of its max value, time required for
V to rise 10% to 90% of its max value.
Switching Frequency Of device

fmax=1/(td+tr+ts+tf)
Switch Specification
• When use the semiconductor devices as a
switch, the following specification should
be inconsideration in accordance to the
application requirement. The device
manufacturer provide the parametric
values in datasheet.
• Voltage rating
• Current Rating
• Switching Speed
• di/dt rating
• dv/dt rating
• Switching losses
• Gate drive requirement

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