GSM RF Optimization

2007.10.
01
Confidential: Internal Open
GSM RF Optimization Basic

Wang Song
GSM RNP Post-sale TS
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.
HUAWEI Confidential
Course Contents
EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training
Concept of Optimization KPI of radio network Work flow of Optimization Parameter adjustment principles Optimization tools introduction Common problems of Optimization
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential
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Concept of Optimization
Radio network optimization means network performance improvement utilizing existing network resources. Steps in general Data collection and verification Data analysis Parameter and hardware adjustment Optimization result confirm and reporting The purpose is increasing the utilization of network resources and solving the existing and potential problem on the network, identifying solutions for future network planning.
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Capacity
Quality
Coverage
Optimize
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Due to the mobility of subscribers and complexity of radio wave propagation, most of network problems are caused by increasing subscribers and the changing environments. Optimization is a continuous process that is required as the network evolves
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In the following case, the network should be optimized New network or expansion on existing network The network quality decreased seriously and there are many complaints from subscribers. An event occurs suddenly which affects the network performance seriously. The number of subscribers increased and affects the network performance gradually.
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Input for Optimization
CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS
OPTIMIZE TRAFFIC STATISTICS DRIVE TEST
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Course Contents
Concept of optimization KPI of radio network Work flow of Optimization Parameter adjustment principles Optimization tools introduction Common problems of Optimization
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KPI of Radio Network
KPI (KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS)

Indicates overall performance of network over a period of time Good way to monitor network trends and anticipate future problems Data obtained from drive test and traffic statistics
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KPI of Radio Network

Typical Radio Network KPI KPI Parameter Call Drop Rate Congestion Rate Handover Success Rate Busy Hour Traffic TCH Utilization Call Setup success rate Coverage Quality Source
Stat. & DT Stat. Stat. & DT Stat. Stat. & Alarms Stat. & DT DT DT
BTS4 BTS3 BTS2 BTS1
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Course Contents
Concept of optimization KPI of radio network Work flow of optimization Parameter adjustment principles Optimization tools introduction Common problems of Optimization
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Flow Chart of Network Optimization
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Course Contents
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Parameter Adjustment Principles

Parameter adjustment procedure
MONITOR EFFECT
IDENTIFY PROBLEM
MAKE MAKE CHANGES CHANGES

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Parameter Types
Radio Parameters Engineering Parameters

SI Parameters Handover Parameters CC&PWC Parameters Antenna Height Antenna D-tilt Antenna Orientation
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Adjustment of cell data parameters
Adjust the cell parameters according to the features of actual radio channel traffic and signaling load. The parameters are for cell select,cell reselect,call setup, handover etc, so as to improve the overall network performance and service quality to the end user. Another basic principle of radio parameter adjustment is to maximize the current network resource, traffic sharing in the the whole network, increase the utilization of the equipment, so as to increase the profit-investment ratio.
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According to the feature of problem to be solved, there are two types of radio parameter adjustment. Solve static problems: Analyze the average traffic and signaling flows of the network and solve the network problems that existed long time Solve traffic overload and congestion problems during some special period caused by special events.
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Course Contents
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Driving Test Tools
The following are the frequently used drive test tools:
Genex Probe and Assistant TEMS Ant Pilot and Ant
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Driving Test Tools

Drive test Tool application:
Identify specific problems in the network Attend to customer complaints Perform network benchmarking with other operators Collect periodic network data for reporting Check coverage in new areas
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Driving Test Tools

Example: Drive test data
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Signaling Analyzer
Signaling Trace
In BSC6000 LMT, Interface signaling trace support: A: BSSAP SCCP MTP3 MTP2 Abis: RSL OML LAPD Pb: Application LAPD Um Single User Other equipment : MA10 , K15 Signaling Analyze Huawei MAINEX: Signal Analyze Tool
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Spectrum Analyzer
Scaner (Spectrum analyzer)
The spectrum analyzer is mainly used to test the characteristics of frequency, including spectrum, power of the adjacent channel, and frequency scanning etc.
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YBT250
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OMC
Huawei Wireless System OMC is M2000 Provides flexible means to record different information from the network: Config /Alarms /Stats. Able to sample large amounts of data to give a better picture of the network on a longer period of time
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OMC Traffic Statistics
BSC performance measurement functions

High drop List of alarm High block rate Drop call measure Hardware Conk out balance between UL & DL rate TCH statistics Low HO suc rate List of alarm HO measurement List of alarm Drop measure List of alarm TCH statistics Incoming cell HO Outgoing cell HO Signalling test
Rx_q & Rx_l measure
Rx_q & Rx_l measure
instrument
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Measurement Units Related to Call

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Immediate Assignment Measurement per Cell Assignment Measurement per Cell Call Drop Measurement per Cell Short Message Measurement per Cell Channel Activation Measurement per Cell Flow Control Measurement per Cell KPI Measurement per Cell Channel Seizure Measurement per TRX Calls Discarded due to Overload per LAPD Call Duration Measurement per BSC

11Intra-Cell Handover Measurement per Cell 12Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Measurement per Cell 13Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Measurement per Cell 14Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Measurement per Cell 15Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Measurement per Cell 16Incoming Inter-RAT Inter-Cell Handover Measurement per Cell 17Outgoing Inter-RAT Inter-Cell Handover Measurement per Cell 18GSM Cell to GSM Cell Incoming Handover Measurement 19GSM Cell to GSM Cell Outgoing Handover Measurement 20Measurement of MRs upon Handover Initiation per Cell
The counters measured in such flows as immediate assignment, assignment, and handover during call can reflect the operation of the traffic of BSC.
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Measurement Units Related to MR

1Number of MRs per Cell
Cell TRX
2Power Control Messages per Cell 3Neighbor Cell Level Measurement per Cell 4Interface Band Measurement per TRX 5TCHF Receive Level Measurement per TRX 6TCHH Receive Level Measurement per TRX 7Receive Quality Measurement per TRX 8Uplink-and-Downlink Balance Measurement per TRX 9Number of MRs based on TA per TRX 10Radio Link Failure Measurement per TRX 11Radio Link Failure Measurement based on TA per TRX
12RQI Measurement based on TA per TRX
After occupying a dedicated channel, MS will report measurement reports periodically. BSC performs power decisions and handover decisions according to the reported measurement reports. The units listed in the left table are used to measure the counters related to measurement reports and help the users to analyze and optimize the network performance.
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Measurements Related to Channel

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Channel Configuration Measurement per Cell Channel Conversion Measurement per Cell Channel Busy Duration Measurement per Cell Measurement of Maximum Busy Channels per Cell Channel State Measurement per Cell Channel Assignment Request Measurement per Cell Channel Assignment Failure Measurement per Cell Channel Assignment Concentric Cell Measurement per Cell
During operation, BSC performs dynamic adjustment to such channel resources as TCH, SDCCH, and PDCH to optimize the utilization of resources. At the same time, the system is required to regularly output the statistic about the state of the channels, such as busy, idle, or blocked. The previous data is very useful for you to learn about the operation condition of the system and the distribution condition of the traffic.
9 10 11
Channel Assignment Queue Measurement per Cell Channel Assignment GPRS Measurement per Cell Channel Assignment Success Measurement per TRX
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Course Contents
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Common Problems of Optimization

The three most important performance criteria are coverage, capacity and quality. they mainly correspond to the following network problems: Coverage Congestion Interference Handover TCH call drop Dual-band or Dual-System Traffic Distribution
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Common Problems --Coverage

Coverage Gap
Coverage hole may exist when coverage areas of two BTS do not overlap or there are some big obstacles in the coverage area, this lead to no signal or very poor signal level. Over shooting In the actual network, the high BTS antenna can propagate far away along a road and serve in area which its not suppose to serve in; which result in the "isolate Island" problem.
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Check and solve the coverage problem:
Power control measurement Function ( Statistics) Receiving Level Measurement Function ( Statistics) Cell Measurement Function ( Statistics) Inter-cell Handover Measurement Function ( Statistics)
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Check the coverage problem:
Call Drop Measurement Function ( Statistics) Adjacent Measurement Function (Statistics) Outgoing Inter Cell Handover Measurement Function ( Statistics) Rx Level data ( Drive test)
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Coverage Problem Solution:
Adjust Radio parameters Adjust antenna parameters Use booster, low loss combiner and tower mount amplifier Add new site (last resort)
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Common Problems --Capacity

Capacity
TCH congestion
Check TCH congestion rate: attempted TCH seizers failure for all (no radio resource available ) on OMC traffic statistics data, or compare the busy hour traffic of each cell with the calculated capacity in different GoS to judge the situation of traffic congestion .
Traffic balance
Adjust the antenna height, downtilt, and change the TX power of BTS and MS. Adjust parameters for cell selection, cell reselection and handover Enable load handover and direct retry functions.
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Common Problems --Interference

How to locate the interference
Interference band in TCH Measurement Function ( Statistics) Receiving Level Measurement Function ( Statistics) Rx_Qual ( Drive test) Uplink Frequency Scan in LMT Scaner (YBT250)
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How to locate the interference
Ratio of handovers for uplink/downlink quality ( Statistics) Receiving Quality Measurement (Statistics) Call drop measurement function ( Statistics) Too many handover failure and reestablishment failures ( Statistics)
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Check and solve the interference problems
Check the place with interference and conversation quality by drive test. Use spectrum analyzer to find out the interference in the frequency band. Enable frequency hopping, DTX and power control functions. Check and eliminate equipment problems (if any).
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Means to decrease the interference :
Increase the reuse distance between the cofrequency and adjacent frequencies. Decrease the transmitting power of BTS. Adjust the antenna height, azimuth, down-tilt. Use the anti-interference technologies, such as frequency hopping, power control, DTX, and so on.
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Common Problems --Handover

Common handover problems:
Handover failure and handover delay lead to bad quality or call drop. Frequent handover decreases the conversation quality and increases system signaling load. Unreasonable proportion of outgoing inter-cell handover to incoming inter-cell handover results in imbalanced traffic.
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Check and solve handover problems:
Check the handover parameters (OMC) Inter-cell Handover Measurement Function (Statistics) Undefined Adjacent Cell Measurement Function (Statistics) Outgoing Inter Cell Handover Measurement Function (Statistics) Incoming Inter Cell Handover Measurement Function (Statistics) TCH Measurement Function (Statistics)
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Causes of abnormal handover and solutions:
The outgoing inter cell handover threshold is too low. The adjacent cells is congested. There are undefined adjacent cells relationship. The handover hysteresis and handover priority are not reasonable. The handover statistics times N and P are not set reasonable. In HCS network coexisting with other vendors cells, the external cells parameters (such as LAC, CI and BCCH) must be corrected.
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Common Problems Call Drop

TCH call drop
During the GSM network operation, call drop is the main reason the subscribers complain. It usually refers to the call dropped after TCH channel seized or conversation connected, which can be located via traffic statistics or drive test. There are many call drop causes. Such as poor signal strength, interference and improper parameters. There are two important counters related call drop, radio link timeout (RLT downlink) and SACCH multi-frame number (uplink) sent in system information. These two counters should be set properly according to the traffic and coverage.
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Common Problems Dual-band Network

Optimization for dual-band network
Take the following special approaches when optimize the dual-band network, most of the approaches are same as single-band network optimization: When GSM 900M and GSM 1800M network belong to a same LAC the features of two network are basically same. Parameters such as CRO can be set flexibly according to the traffic, thus can balance the traffic and avoid cell congestion. When GSM 900M and GSM 1800M network has there own location area code, CRH and CRO should be set properly to avoid frequent location update. Adjust layer thresholds to balance traffic between GSM 900 and GSM 1800
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Common Problems Dual-band Network

Dual band network optimization elements
Cell select
Direct retry
Idle mode
Calling mode
Hand over
Cell reselect
Dedicate mode
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Exercise
Questions
Please write down KPI for normal network Please write down the work flow for radio network optimization How to do for traffic balance
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2007.10.

Confidential: Internal Open

GSM RF Optimization Basic

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

OPTIMIZE TRAFFIC STATISTICS DRIVE TEST

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

KPI of Radio Network

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

KPI (KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

KPI of Radio Network

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

Flow Chart of Network Optimization

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

Parameter Adjustment Principles

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

MAKE MAKE CHANGES CHANGES

Parameter Adjustment Principles

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

Radio Parameters Engineering Parameters

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Parameter Adjustment Principles

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Parameter Adjustment Principles

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

Driving Test Tools

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

The following are the frequently used drive test tools:

Genex Probe and Assistant TEMS Ant Pilot and Ant

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Driving Test Tools

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Driving Test Tools

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

EtisalatMisr TK Project RNP Team Training