Reading Quran

1
wkK Qvov
Kz iAvb
wkvi mnR cwZ

Avey Avngv` mvBdzxb ejvj
Avj-Avnmv BmjvwgK mUvi
evsjv wefvM, mw` Avie
2
f~wgKv

cksmv gvB Avjvni Rb| whwb gvbe RvwZi gywi w`kvix
wnmve bvwRj KiQb Avj-KziAvb| ì` I mvjvg Avgvì wcq
nvexe gynv` (`t)-Gi cwZ huvi Pwi wQj Avj-KziAvb| wZwb
(`t) ejQb: Zvgvì ga mevg ew njv: h wbR
KziAvb wkL Ges AbìK wkv `q| Aviv ewlZ nvK
kvwi aviv Zuvi cwievi I mvnvexMY Ges wKqvgZ ch Zuvì
mKj Abymvixì cwZ|

1427 wnRix mvji cwe igRvb gvm| nVvr KiB gb
RvMj KziAvb bvwRji gvm igRvb| G gvm KziAvbi wKQz
wL`gZ KiZ cvij RxebUv ab nZ| ZvB mvaviY gymwjg fvB I
evb Ges QvUì KziAvb covi Rb AvaywbK evsjv wbqg GKwU
eB jLvi `p msK Kwi| wej^ bv Ki m w`bB G gnr KvR
Avi Kwi| hvi djkwZZ AvRKi GB eBwUi AeZviYv|

gnvM Avj-KziAvb Avgvì cwZ Avjvni c _K GKwU
cwe eo AvgvbZ| wKQy gydvmmxiMYi gZ, AvKvk, cw_ex I
ceZgvjv GB cwe gnvAvgvbZ enb KiZ AciMZv ^xKvi
KiQ| evev Av`g (Avt) RvbvZ _vKv Aevq gnvb AvgvbZi
`vwqZfvi MnY Kib| Avjvn Zvqvjv Av`g (Avt)-Gi mek
mvb mekl bex I im~j gynv` (`t)-Gi cwZ mekl wKZve
igRvbi jvBjvZzj Kì AeZxY Kib| `xN 23 eQi c~ Y
KziAvbi bvwRj mb nq| wKqvgZ ch KziAvb AcwieZb I
AweKZ _vKe; KviY Avjvn Zvqvjv Zuvi wKZvei ndvRZi
`vwqZ wbRB MnY KiQb|

Avj-KziAvb wKqvgZi w`b Zvi cvVKì Rb Avjvni
ìevi mycvwik Kie| Avi hviv G wKZveK ZvM Kie Z_v cvV
3
Kie bv, Gi Dci Avgj I G viv wePvi dqmvjv Ges gb Pje
bv Zviv wKqvgZi gvV KziAvb ZvMKvix ej weewPZ ne ZLb
Zvì euvPvi Dcvq wK ne???!!!

GB cwe AvgvbZ ivi Rb Avgvì cZKi cwZ PviwU
KvR Riwi|
1. KziAvb gRxì we ZjvIqvZ wkL wbqwgZ cvV Kiv|
2. KziAvbyj Kvixgi h A_ I Zdmxi im~jyjvn (`t) Zuvi
mvnevMYK wkv w`qwQjb Zuvì ci Zveqx I BgvgMY
ZvB wkL wQjb| AvgvìKI mB mwVK A_ I Zdmxi
Rvbv|
3. mwVK A_ I Zdmxi Rb cwZwU welq Zvi cwZ h_vhZ
Avgj Kiv|
4. wbRiv Avgj KijB Pje bv eis AbìKI KziAvbi
`vIqvZ I ZvejxM Kiv|

wefve KziAvb ZjvIqvZ wkLvi Rb cwZwU fvlvq wKQz
cy K cYqb Kiv nqQ| Avgvì wcq gvZf~wg evsjv`k weki
wZxq enr gymwjg `k| cw_exZ cvq 35/40 KvwU evsjvfvlx
gvbyl iqQ, hvì AwaKvsk gymwjg| evsjvfvlx gymwjg fvBì
KziAvb wkvi cwZ Pig AvMn cwijwZ nq| wK AvR ^vaxbZvi
cvq 38 eQi ciI AvgvìK huviv KziAvbi Zvwjg Z_v wkv
`b Zuvì wksnfvM AvRI D`y I dvm x wbqg _K AwZg KiZ
cvibwb| D`y I dvm x wbqg AvaywbK bvg w`q evRvi wewfb
aibi e eB-cy K iqQ|

Aviv eo Avh jvM Aviwe KziAvb wkvi Rb Aviwe I
evsjv fvlvi gvS wkv_xì gv_vi Dci D`y -dvmxi evSv Pvcvbv
`L| G Qvov Aviv Avhi K_v njv: hLb GK kYxi gvbyl
D`y -dvmx wbqgKB Aviwe ej Pvwjq `b| Avi D`y-dvmxi
4
Svgjv bq eis mivmwi Aviwe Uz evsjvi bZzb w`M DPb KiZ
Avgvì G QvU cqvm|

cwZwU fvlvq hgb AvQ îeY I ebeY| Abyic Aviwe
fvlvZI AvQ wKQz îeY, îawb I ebeY| Aviwe fvlvq gvU
ebeY 28 ev 29wU| Avi îeY QqwU h_v: AvKvi (v), B-Kvi
( w ), D-Kvi ( y ), `xN AvKvi (vv) [Gi eenvi evsjv fvlvq bB],
C-Kvi ( x ) I EKvi ( ~ )| Avi wZbwU îawb h_v: nm& wP
( & ), wZ wP ( ) I Zvbexb Z_v b~b mvwKb hvi cKvk ne:
( ) Gfve|

KziAvb wki Rb PviwU KvR:

1. Aviwe fvlvi 28/29wU ebeY Rvbv|
2. ebeYK covi Rb n^ I `xN îeY Rvbv|
3. îeYi mnhvMx wZbwU îawb Rvbv|
4. ewk ewk Abykxjb Kiv|
Dcii PviwU KvR whwb Kieb wZwb Avjvn Zvqvjvi mij-
mnR wKZve ZjvIqvZ wkLeb| G Qvov îeY I îawbhy
Aviwe `vqv I nv`xmI cvV KiZ cvieb ej Avgiv 100%
wbwZ|
eBwUi PviwU Ask iqQ: (GK) KziAvbi cwiwPwZ| (`yB)
KziAvb wkvi mnR evKiY| (wZb) ZvRex` Ask| (Pvi) KziAvb
mK GKkZ cki Di| eBwU Qvcv nqiQ| GLvb Avgiv
aygv KziAvb wkvi mnR evKiY AskUzKz cKvk Kijvg|

eBwUi wKQz ewk:
1. KziAvb cvVi Rb evsjv fvlvi mv_ mgmc~Y GKwU eB|
2. KziAvb wkvi evKiY mZ GKwU wKZve|
3. mivmwi Aviwe Uz evsjvi eenvi|
5
4. D`y I dvm xi Svgjv gy GKwU eB|
5. cwZwU cvV KziAvb I Aviwe fvlvi k viv D`vniY|
6. cwZwU cvV Abykxjbx I mnR ey Svi Rb wewfb iOi
eenvi|
7. wmwWi mvnvh wkK Qvov Ni em KziAvb wkLvi myeev|
8. mw` Aviei ev`kvn dvnv` Beb Avyj AvwRR (in:)-Gi
KziAvb wcwUs cm nZ KziAvb Qvcvi wekl evKiY mZ
Qvcv KziAvb covi mgmv `~iKiY|

wbRi I e msLK evsjvfvlxì ga `xN w`bi jyKvwqZ
ck Aviwe I evsjvi gvS D`y I dvm xi Svgjv Kb? Bnv `~i
KiZ D`vMx nZ ci Ges my -wcq KziAvb cvVK, cvwVKv I
mvbvgwYì nvZ GB QvU g~jevb Dcnvi Zzj w`Z ci Avjvn
Zvqvjvi wbKU Akl KZZv vcb KiwQ| eBwU `ki zj,
gv` vmv, gmwR` I mw` Aviei BmjvwgK mUvijvZ wmjevm
wnmve MnY Kivi Rb civgk iBj|

eBwU mekYxi gvbyli Rb chvR| Ze wbRi wcq
gvZfvlv evsjvq wKQzUv `Lj _vKj AwZ`Z I mnR wefve
KziAvb cvV Kiv me| hw` GB eBwU Ges Gi wmwW msMn KiZ
cvib Ze Bb kvv Avjvn 100% wbwZ h, Avcwb cw_exi
hLvbB _vKzb bv Kb wkK gnv`q Avcbvi mv_B AvQb|

eBwUi c_g cKvk KiZ cvivq Avgiv Avjvn Zvqvjvi gnvb
ìevi Akl Kwiqv vcb KiwQ| mvwbZ cvVK gnv`q Bnv
_K DcKZ nj Avgvì cwikg mv_K ne| huvivB G gnr
KvR mnhvwMZv KiQb Ges h mKj jLKi eB-cy K viv
mvnvh MnY KiwQ Zvì mKjK Avgvì mKZ abev`
RvbvB| Avi Avjvn Zvqvjv Zuvì mKjK Dg cwZ`vb `vb
Kib|

6
cwikl Avgvì wbe`b GB h, mskvabi KvR Kvb
w`bI P~ov nevi bq| AZGe, eBwU covi mgq Kvb fyj-wU ev
g Kviv `wMvPi nj A_ev Kvb bZyb I fvj c ve _vKj Zv
AvgvìK AewnZ Kivj mvì MnxZ ne Ges Zuvì wbKU
KZ _vKe| Avi cieZx msiY h_vh_fve Zv weePbv Kiv
ne|
n Avjvn! Avgvì GB gnZx D`vM I z` cPvK Keyj
Kib| Avgxb!

Avey Avn&gv` mvBdz xb ejvj
Avj-Avnmv BmjvwgK mUvi,
evsjv wefvM, mw` Avie|
01/09/1432wn:
01/08/2011 Bs
gveBj:0502456617
7

Aviwe eYgvjv [ebeY-Consonant ]

/

8
cwZwU fvlvq hgb îeY I ebeY AvQ| Abyic Aviwe
fvlvq AvQ wKQz îeY, îawb I ebeY| AviweZ
ebeY gvU 28wU| Avi nvgRvK Avjv`v nid wnmve Kij
29wU|
ebeY ej: h eY Ab eYi Z_v îeYi mvnvh Qvov
DPvwiZ nq bv| hgb: K, L, M----|
îeY ej: h eY Ab eYi mvnvh QvovB Z_v wbR wbRB
DPvwiZ nq| hgb: A, B, D ----|
Avwjd îeY I îawb gy nj gvì nid| Avi hy njB
nvgRvq cwiYZ nq| ZvB nvgRv Avjv`v Kvb nid bv| Avevi
KD KD nvgRvK c_K nid ai gvU 29wU nid ejQb|
. h_vg Wvb w`K _K
c, U, P, Wvj, o, S, Mvc, b~bbvn I Bqvq gvRj
nidjv D`y -dvimx fvlvq AwZwi|
Aviwe RvB nidwUK D`y -dvmxi S- Gi gZ cov GKwU
cPwjZ fyj|
IqvI, Bqv I Avwjd hw` îeY I îawb hy Qvov nq
Zvnj G wZbwU AiK gvì nid ej|
eYgvjvjv Wvb I evg Ges Dci I wbP w`K nZ evievi
covi Pv Kib|
9
Aviwe Aii DPviY

D`y -dvmx BsiwR evsjv Aviwe Ai
Avwjd
Alif
Avwjd
e
Baa
evv
Z
Taa
Zvv
Q
Thaa
Qvv
Rxg
Jeem
Rxg
n
Haa
nvv
L
Khaa
L
`vvj
Daal
`vvj
hvvj
Dhaal
hvvj
i
Raa
i
R
Zaai
RvvB
mxb
Seen
mxb
kxb
Sheen
kxb
^-`
Saad
^-`
h-`
Dhaad
h-`
10
D`y -dvmx BsiwR evsjv Aviwe nid
ZvB
Taa
Z
hvB
Zaa
h
AvBb
Aieen
AvBb
MvBb
Ghaieen
MBb
d
Faa
dvv
K-d
Qaaf
K-d
Kvvd
Kaaf
Kvvd
jvvg
Laam
jvvg
gxg
Meem
gxg
b~b
Noon
b~b
IqvvI
Waaw
IqvvI
n
Haa
nvv /
Bqvv
Yaa
Bqvv

bvU:
1. Aviwe ebeY jv mwVKfve Rvbvi Rb 3wU wRwbm Riwi:
(K) cwZwU Aii mwVK bvg Rvbv|
(L) cwZwU Aii we DPviY Rvbv|
(M) Aijvi ciii gvSi cv_K Rvbv|
11
2. Aijvi ciii cv_K `y wU wRwbm viv Kiv nqQ:
(K) AvKwZ I ici w`K _K cv_K| hgb:
(L) GKB AvKwZi Aijv bvK&Zv eenvi iv cv_K| hgb:

3. Avgvì `k wKQzKvj AvM ev AvRI wKQz msLK gvbyl Aviwe
Aijvi DPviY D`y -dvm x Aii gZ Ki _vKb| Avgiv
GLvb Aviwe DPviYi cvkvcvwk D`y -dvmx DPviYI Zzj aiwQ
hvZ Ki cvVK cv_K KiZ cvib|
4. Aviwe Aii ga GB ) (. mvZwU
AiK Bqvjvi Ai ej| hvi DPviY gvUv î Mvj Ki
ne| Abyic ( ) nidwU hLb dvZnv ( v ) hy I hv ( y ) hy
ne ZLb ZvdLxg Z_v gvUv î Mvj Ki DPviY KiZ ne|
Gjvi DPviY j^v I Mvj Ki Ub covi Rb j^v nvBdb
() eenvi Kiv nqQ| Avi evwK AijvK j^v Ki Ub
covi Rb `xN AvKvi Z_v `yB ( vv ) AvKvi [G aibi eenvi
evsjv fvlvB bB] I C Kvi ( x ) Ges E-Kvi( ~ ) eenvi Kiv
nqQ| AvBb DPviYi Rb Dv Kgv () Ges nvgRv DPviYi

Rb Kgv () eenvi Kiv nqQ|
12

Abykxjbx
(K) KvQvKvwQ AvKwZi Aviwe Ai:

. -
- - . .
, ,
a a
J
} . a
} ;

: .,.t
. - i

13
Abykxjbx
(L) bvK& Zvhy Aimg~n:

/

bvU:

1. wKQz Ai GK bvK&Zvhy| Avevi wKQz `yB bvK&Zv Avi wKQz
wZb bvK&Zvwewk|
2. wKQz Aii Dci bvK&Zv Avevi wKQz Aii wbP bvK&Zv|
3. bvK&Zv vivB GKB AvKwZi Aii gvS cv_K Kiv nq|
4. bvK&Zvwewk AijvK id gvbKZvn& Avi bvK&Zvgy
Aimg~nK id gyn&gvjvn& ejv nq|
5. ( / ) Zv `y cKvi:
(K) ( ) Zv gvdZnv Z_v j^v Zv| Bnv Iqvm&j (wgwjq covi
mgq) I IqvK&d (_vgvi mgq) Dfq Aevq Zv DPvwiZ ne|
14
(L) () Zv gvie~Zv Z_v Mvj Zv| Bnv Iqvm&j Z_v wgwjq
covi mgq () Zv coZ ne Ges IqvK&di mgq nv ()| Bnv
me`v bvg-wekli kl nq| hgb: (kvRvivZzb) kwU
wgwjq bv co hw` IqvK&d Kiv nq Zvnj ZvK nv Ki
(kvRvivn&) coZ ne|

15
Abykxjbx
(M) bvK&Zvhy Aimg~n:

16
Abykxjbx

(N) bvK&Zv Qvov Aimg~n:

17
Abykxjbx

(O) Lvwj Ni c~iY Kib:

/

18

19
Abykxjbx

(Q) gvLivR Z_v DPviYji ZiwZe Aviwe eYgvjv:

gvì IqvI

gvì Avwjd

gvì Bqv

îeY hy
/

îeY hy

îeY hy

20
Abykxjbx
(R) Aviwe Aimg~n ZiwZe mnKvi wjLyb:

21
Abykxjbx
(S) G AvqvZwUZ 28wU Aviwe ebeY DjL
nqQ, wbevPb Ki wbP Ziwee mnKvi wjLyb:
[ - ,+ * ) ( ' & % $# " !
9 8 7 6 54 3 2 1 0 / .
F E D C B A@ ? > = <; :
O N M L K J I H G
Z Y X W V U T S RQ P
] \ [ Z : [m~iv dvZ&n: 29]

22
evsjv-BsiwR cwZeY

BsiwR evsjv Ai
A, I, U
Av (v), B (w ), D ( y )

B
e
T
Z
Th
Q
J, Dh
R
H
n
Kh
L
D
`
Dh
h
R
i
Z
R
S
m
Sh
k
S
^
23
BsiwR evsjv Ai
Dh
h
Tw
Z
Z
h
`
(DjUv Kgv)

Gh
M
F
d
Q
K
K
K
L
j
M
g
N
b
W
e
H
n /
,
,
Y
q

24
bvU:
Aviwe Aijvi Ab Kvb fvlvq mwVKfve e DPviY
Kiv eo KwVb KvR; KviY Aviwe Aijvi gvLivR
(DPviYji) mv_ Ab fvlvi DPviYji wgj Kg| Avi wKQz
GgbI AvQ hvi cwZeY bvB|
ZvB we DPviY kLvi Rb cqvRb fvj Avjg ev Kvwi I
nvdR mvneì| Ni em mwVK DPviY wkLvi Rb cvV eBqi
mv_ Avcbvì Rb wkK wnmve Dcnvi _vKe g~jevb GKwU
wmwW| wmwWi AbymiY Kij h KD evwoZ emem Aviwe
Aii (Avjvn Pvn) we DPviY wkLZ cvieb| Avi
mwVKfve KziAvb ZjvIqvZ KiZ cvieb ej Avgiv
Avkvev`x|

25
Abykxjbx

vb f` cwZwU Aii ic-AvKwZ:

nid iZ hgb gaLvb hgb kl hgb

26
nid iZ hgb gaLvb hgb kl hgb

bvU:
eenvii vb f` Aii AvKwZ I ic cwieZb nq| GKB
Ai ki iZ nj GK iKg| Avevi ki gaLvb ev kl
nj Ab iKg| hvi dj Ai wPbZ eo aibi mgmv `Lv
`q| D mgmv _K euvPvi Rb Dci cwZwU Ai ki
iZ, ga I kl eenvi Ki `Lvbv njv| Aii wewfb
ic mwVKfve Rvbvi Rb gb-cvY Pv Kib|
27

Aviwe îeY [ Vowels]

bvg
Aviwe
îeY
evsjv
cwZ îeY
BsiwR
cwZ îeY

dvZnv
Kmxivn

Av = v A
Kvmiv
Kmxivn

B = w I
n
v
i
v
K
v
Z

K
m
x
i
v
n

[
m
v
a
v
i
Y

î
e
Y

]

(
S
h
o
r
t

V
o
w
e
l
s
)

hv
Kmxivn

D = y U
dvZnv
Zexjvn
+
gvì Avwjd
AvAv =vv
aa

Kvmiv
Zexjvn
+
gvì Bqv
C = x
II

n
v
i
v
K
v
Z

Z
e
x
j
v
n

[
`
x
N

î
e
Y

]

(
L
o
n
g

V
o
w
e
l
s
)

hv
Zexjvn
... .. ..... + .
gvì IqvI
E = ~ uu

bvU:
gvì Ai wZbwU: IqvI, Avwjd I Bqv| Gjv gvì
Ai nIqvi Rb kZ 2wU: (1) nvivKvZ (îeY) I îawb gy
nIqv| hw` nvivKvZ ev îawbhy nq Ze gvì Ai ne bv|
(2) [ + ] AvKvii mv_ Avwjd, [ + ] BKvii mv_ Bqv I
[ + ] DKvii mv_ IqvI nZ ne| Avi hw` IqvI Ges Bqvi
c~e dvZnv () AvKvi nq ZLb ZvK jxbi nid ejv ne|

28
îawb
[ Absence of Vowel ]

AvIqvR
Aviwe
îawb
evsjv
cwZî
BsiwR
cwZî
b~b mvwKb:

Avb& An
b~b mvwKb:

Bb& In
Z
v
b
e
x
b

T
a
n
w
i
i
n

b~b mvwKb:

Db& un
myKb
Sukuun

nm& wP
( & )

Zvk`x`
TaShdi i d

wZ wP

29
nvivKvZ Kmxivn I nvivKvZ Zexjvn
[ n^ îeY I `xN îeY ]

AviweZ nvivKvZ Z_v îeY wZbwU:

dvZnv Kvmiv hv

Gjv Avevi cwZwU `yB cKvi: Kmxivn I Zexjvn

nvivKvZ Kmxivn
( n^ îeY )
nvivKvZ Zexjvn
(`xN îeY )
1 dvZnv Kmxivn 1 dvZnv Zexjvn
2 Kvmiv Kmxivn 2 Kvmiv Zexjvn
3 hv Kmxivn 3 hv Zexjvn

n^ îeY
c_gZ: dvZnv Kmxivn: ( ) ( v ) AvKvi:
dvZnv A_ Lyj hvIqv| dvZnvK G Rb dvZnv ejv nq
h, G ( v) îeYwU DPviYi mgq VuvU `y wU mvgbi w`K
Lyj hvq| Avi Kmxivn A_ QvU ev A`xN I LvU| myZivs,
dvZnv Kmxivn-Gi A_ njv: h ( v) wU QvU Ki (bv Ub)
coZ nq| Bnv evsjvq AvKvii ( v ) gZ DPvwiZ ne| dvZnv
h nidi Dci nq ZvK gvdZn Z_v AvKvihy nid ej|
[D`y -dvmxZ dvZnvK Rei ej| Rei A_ Dci, Bnv
nidi Dci _vK ej Rei ejv nq|]

30
D`vniY

k evsjv DPviY k evsjv DPviY
KvZvev hvnvev
hvivev dvZvnv
AvKvjv ivRvAv

Abykxjbx

dvZnv Kmxivnhy nidjvi wbP `vM w`b Ges DPviY wjLyb:


31
dvZnv Kmxivn Z_v Av-Kvi ( v )-viv Abykxjbx

L- nv Rv Qv Zv ev Av

^- kv mv Rv i- hv `v

K- dv M- Av h- Z- h-

Bqv nv Iqv bv gv jv Kv

bvU:
1. dvZnv ( v ) hy nidK covi mgq hb Uvb j^v bv nq Zvi
cwZ j ivLZ ne|
2. evbvb Ki covi wbqg njv: nvgRv (v) AvKvi (Av) ev (v)
AvKvi (ev) Zv (v) AvKvi (Zv) -------- Bqv (v) AvKvi (Bqv)|

32
wZxqZ: Kvmiv Kmxivn: () B-Kvi ( w ):
Kvmiv A_ f hvIqv| KvmivK G Rb Kvmiv ejv nq
h, G ( w ) îeYwU DPviYi mgq wbPi VuvUwU wbPi w`K
f Avm| AZGe Kvmiv Kmxivn njv h ( w ) wU
DPviYi mgq wbPi VuvUwU wbPi w`K f mvaviY fve bv
Ub coZ nq| Bnv evsjvq BKvii (w ) gZ DPvwiZ ne|
AbKB Gi DPviY GKvi ( )-Gi gZ Ki _vKb hv ej
cPwjZ fyj| GKvii eenvi D`y -dvmx fvlvZ _vKjI AviweZ
bB| mg KziAvbi gv GKevi m~ iv ì 41 bs AvqvZ ( c
gvRinvv) kwUi ( , ) wUK () G-Kvi viv Bgvjv Ki coZ
ne| Kvmiv h nidi wbP nq ZvK gvKm~i Z_v Kvmivhy
nid ej|
[D`y -dvmxZ KvmivK hi ej| hi A_ wbP, Bnv nidi wbP
nq ZvB hi ejv nq|]

33
D`vniY

Abykxjbx

Kvmiv Kmxivhy nidjvi wbP `vM w`b Ges DPviY wjLyb:


wK`vg& wqbve&
wqIqvR& wKivg&
ivwKev dvwngv
bvw`gv jvwqev
34
Kvmiv Kmxivn Z_v B-Kvi ( w )-viv Abykxjbx

wL wn wR wQ wZ we B

w^ wk wm wR wi wh w`

wK wd wM wq wh wZ wh

wq wn we wb wg wj wK

bvU:
1. ( w ) KviK ( ) GKvi cov _K weiZ _vKZ ne|
2. evbvb Ki covi wbqg njv: nvgRv (w ) BKvi (B) ev ( w )
BKvi (we) Zv ( w ) BKvi (wZ) ------- Bqv ( w ) BKvi (wq)|

35
ZZxqZ: hv Kmxivn: ( ) D-Kvi ( y )

hv A_ wgj hvIqv| hvK hv G Rb ejv nq h, G
( y ) îeYwU DPviYi mgq VvU `ywU mvgbi w`K Mvj
nq wgj hvq|
h hv bv Ub mvaviY fve QvU Ki coZ nq| Gi
DPviY evsjvq DKvii ( y ) gZ ne| hv h nidi Dci nq
ZvK gvhg~g hvhy nid ej| AbKB Gi DPviY IKvi
( v )-Gi gZ Ki _vKb| Bnv GKwU eo aibi fyj| D`y -
dvimxZ IKvi ( v)-Gi DPviY _vKjI AviweZ Gi eenvi
bB|
[D`y -dvimxZ GK ck ej| ck A_ mvgb, Bnv nidi mvgb
_vK ej ck ejv nq|]

D`vniY

. , J
kvidv
.- .a.
gywne&
, ,.t
Rydvi&
.. , ;
Kvig&
,.
Kyj&
.r .
nvmybv
s.
Kyg&
= s.
^yg&

36
Abykxjbx

hv Kmxivnhy nidjvi wbP `vM w`b Ges DPviY wjLyb:


`

37
hv K mxivn Z_v D-Kvi ( y )-viv Abykxjbx

Ly Ry Qz Zz ey D

^y my Ry i hy `y

Ky dz D hy Zy hy

Bqy ey by gy jy Kz

bvU:
1. DKvi ( y )K ( v) IKvi cov _K mveavb _vKZ ne|
2. evbvb Ki covi wbqg njv: nvgRv ( y ) D, ev ( y ) ey, Zv ( y )
Zz --------- Bqv ( y ) Bqy|
38
( v ) ( w ) I ( y ) viv GK mv_ Abykxjbx

bvU:
1. evbvb Kivi wbqg njv: nvgRv ( v ) AvKvi Av, nvgRv (w )
BKvi B, nvgRv ( y ) DKvi D = Av B D, ev we ey, Zv wZ Zz ------
---------------------------------------------------Bqv Bwq Bqy |
2. Gfve evievi coj KziAvb covi Rb mnR ne|
39

`xN îeY
1. dvZnv Zexjvn: ( + ) `xN AvKvi ( vv ):

Zexjvn A_ j^v ev `xN| dvZnv KmxivK GKUz `xN Ki
Ub covB njv dvZnv Zexjvn Z_v `xN AvKvi| evsjvq `xN
AvKvi (vv) G fve nZ cvi, G aibi eenvi evsjv fvlvq bB|
Gi Rb kZ njv: gvdZn Z_v dvZnvhy nidi ci gvì
Avwjd nZ ne| gvì Avwjd nvivKvZ (îeY) I îawb
gy AvwjdK ej| Aviwe KziAvb Kvb Kvb vb Aii Dci
dvZnvi mv_ GKwU QvU Avwjd wjLv nq| dvZnv Zexjvn `xN
AvKvii (AvAv- vv) bvq DPvwiZ ne| Bnv `yB nvivKvZ Z_v GK
Avwjd eivei Ub coZ ne| [D`y I dvimx Qvcv KziAvb `xN
AvKvii Rb ay Lvov hei eenvi Kiv nq|]
[D`y -dvimxZ Kvb Kvb vb gvì Avwdji cwieZ Lvov hei
eenvi Kiv nq| AviweZ G aibi eenvi bB|]

D`vniY

k evsjv DPviY g evsjv DPviY
KvvwZe& hvvwne&
#
Aviingvvb
%
Avm&^ wjnvvZ

40
dvZnv Zexjvn`xN AvKvi ( vv )-viv Abykxjbx

L nvv Rvv Qvv Zvv evv Avv

^ kvv mvv Rvv i hvv `vv

K dvv M Avv h Z h

Bqvv
nvv
Iqvv
bvv gvv jvv Kvv

bvU:
1. Bw qvjvi G ) . 7wU nid I , -Gi `xN
AvKviK Ub covi Rb j^v () nvBdb eenvi Kiv
nqQ| Avi evwK nidi Rb (vv) AvKvi eenvi Kiv nqQ|
2. evbvb Kivi wbqg njv: nvgRv `xN (vv) AvKvi Avv, ev `xN (vv)
evv, Zv `xN (vv) Zvv, -------------------- Bqv `xN (vv) Bqvv|
41

Abykxjbx
dvZnv Zexjvhy nidjvi wbP `vM w`b Ges DPviY wjLyb:


(

2. Kvmiv Zexjvn: ( + ) C-Kvi ( x ):

Kvmiv KmxivK GKUz `xN Ki Ub covB njv Kvmiv Zexjv|
Gi Rb kZ njv gvKm~i Z_v Kvmivhy nidi ci gvì Bqv
nZ ne| gvì Bqv nvivKvZ (îeY) I îawb gy BqvK
ej| Kvmiv Kmxivi DPviY C ( x ) Kvii bvq j^v Ki Ub
ne| Bnv `yB nvivKvZ (GK Avwjd) eivei Ub coZ ne|

D`vniY

` i-exDb& ` evmxib&
evLxjyb& ` mvgxDb&
` mvqx`y b& ` Kvixgy b&
`vvqx Khx

42
Kvmiv Zexjvn Z_v C-Kvi ( x) viv Abykxjbx

Lx nx Rx Qx Zx ex C

^x kx mx Rx ix hx `x

Kx dx Mx qx hx Zx hx

Bqx nx ex bx gx jx Kx

bvU:
1. evbvb Ki covi cwZ njv: nvgRv C ( x ) Kvi C, ev C
( x ) Kvi ex, Zv C ( x ) Kvi Zx,-------------- Bqv C ( x )
Bqx| GKUz j^v Ki Ub coe|

43
Abykxjbx

Kvmiv Zexjvhy nidjvi wbP `vM w`b Ges DPviY wjLyb:


`
` `

3. hv Zexjv: ( + ) E-Kvi ( ~ ):
h hv j^v Ki Ub cov nq ZvK hv Zexjvn ej| Gi
Rb kZ gvhg~g Z_v hvhy nidi ci gvì IqvI nZ
ne| gvì IqvI nvivKvZ (îeY) I îawb gy IqvIK
ej| hv Zexjvn EKvii ( ~ ) bvq j^v Ki Ub coZ ne|
GK `yB nvivKvZ (GK Avwjd) eivei Ub coZ ne|

D`vniY


m~K&

nvvwdh~b&
Kvvwdib& Kyib&

44
hv Zexjvn Z_v E-Kvi ( ~ )-viv Aby kxjbx

L~ n~ R~ Q~ Z e~ E

^~ k~ m~ R~ i h~ `~

K~ d M~ E h~ Z~ h~

Bq~ n~ e~ b~ g~ j~ K

bvU:
1. IqvI nidwU (w , x , y I ~ ) wewk nj e I f Aii
gvSvgvwS DPvwiZ ne| Avgvì `k AbK wf, fx, fy I f~
DPviY Ki _vKb hv fyji A fy|
2. wKQy Qvcv KziAvb gvRx` gvì Avwjd, Bqv I IqvI-Gi
Dci myKb eenvi Kiv nq, hv evKiY wnmve GKwU fyj|
3. evbvb Ki covi wbqg njv: nvgRv E ( ~ ) Kvi E, ev E ( ~ )
AvKvi e~, Zv E ( ~ ) Kvi Z, -----------Bqv E ( ~ ) Kvi Bq~|
45
Abykxjbx
hv Zexjvnhy nidjvi wbP `vM w`b Ges DPviY wjLyb:


Abykxjbx

n^ [Kmxiv] I `xN [Zexjv] îeY wPwZ Ki mwVK DPviY wjLyb:

k
evsjv
DPviY
k
evsjv
DPviY
k
evsjv
DPviY

i

46
îawb

Aviwe fvlvq hgb ^ ieY AvQ Zgwb AvQ 3wU ^ iawb|
Gjv îeYi gZ ebeYK DPviY KiZ mvnvh Ki|
(GK) mKb ( ) nm& wP ( & )

myKb A_ wi nIqv I _g hvIqv| myKbK G Rb myKb
ejv nq h, myKbhy nid DPviYi mgq Zvi gvLivR
(DPviYj) AvIqvR wKQzYi Rb _g I wi nq hvq|
hZY ch cii Aii gvLivR vbv i bv nq, ZZY m
Aevq wi _vK| h nidi Dci myKb nq m nidK mvwKb
myKbhy nid ej| hgb : kwUi Kvd AiwU mvwKb
Z_v myKbhy hv DPviYi mgq Zvi gvLivR AvIqvR wi I
_g hve| hZY ch cii Ai Zv DPviYi Rb vbv i
bv ne ZZY m vbB AvIqvR wi ivLZ ne| evsjvq Gi
DPviY nm& Z_v nm ( & ) wPi gZ ne|

bvU:
myKbi wbR^ Kvb AvIqvR bB ZvB myKbhy nid Z_v
mvwKbK Zvi c~ei nidi nvivKvZ viv wgwjq coZ ne| wKQz
eB c nm& wPK Rhg ej| Bnv GKwU fyj; KviY Rhg ej
Aviwe evKiYi ki kl myKb nIqvK hv myKb QvovI nZ
cvi| Avi îwPwUK ej myKb hv ki kl I gvS nZ
cvi|

47

D`vniY

Bqvh&nvey BqvK& Zze~bv
Bqvk&nv`y Bqve&jy

Abykxjbx

mvwKbi wbP `vM w`b Ges DPviY wjLyb:


48
myKb ( - ) nm ( & )-Gi AvKvi ( v ) viv Abykxjbx

AvL& Avn& AvR& AvQ& AvZ& Ave& Av

Av^& Avk& Avm& AvR& Avi& Avh& Av`&

AvK& Avd& AvM& Av Avh& AvZ& Avh&

Avq& Avn& AvI& Avb& Avg& Avj& AvK&

bvU:
1. evbvb Ki covi cwZ njv: nvgRv AvKvi (v) nvgRvq nm& ( & )
Avm& , nvgRv AvKvi (v) evq nm& ( & ) Ave& , nvgRv AvKvi (v) Zvq
nm& ( & ) AvZ& , ---------------- nvgRv AvKvi (v) Bqvq nm& ( & )
Avq&|
49
myKb ( - ) nm ( & ) -Gi B-Kvi ( w ) viv Abykxjbx

BL& Bn& BR& BQ& BZ& Be& B

B^ & Bk& Bm& BR& Bi& Bh& B`&

BK& Bd& BM& B Bh& BZ& Bh&

Bq& Bn& BI& Bb& Bg& Bj& BK&

bvU:
1. evbvb Ki covi cwZ njv: nvgRv BKvi (w ) nvgRvq nm&
( & ) B , nvgRv BKvi (w ) evq nm& ( & ) Be& , nvgRv BKvi (w )
Zvq nm& ( & ) BZ& , -------------nvgRv BKvi (w ) Bqvq nm& ( & )
Bq&|
50
myKb ( - ) nm ( & )-Gi D-Kvi ( y ) viv Abykxjbx

DL& Dn& DR& DQ& DZ& De& D

D^& Dk& Dm& DR& Di& Dh& D`&

DK& Dd& DM& D Dh& DZ& Dh&

Dq& Dn& DI& Db& Dg& Dj& DK&

bvU:
(1) Aviwe cwZwU nidK v, w I y viv GKB m evievi Abykxjb
Kib|
(2) Aviwe KziAvb nid Rvq` Z_v AwZwi nidi Dci
Mvje AvKvii ( ) G wPwU emvbv _vK| GUvK fyj Ki my Kb
gb Kieb bv| hgb: h ki kl Avwjdi Dcii Mvj wP
GwU myKb bq| Avi Aviwe KziAvb îawb myKb wPwU Aviwe Ai
()-Gi gv_vi AskUzKz QvU Ki wjLv _vK|
51
(`yB) Zvbexb:
) = (

b~bmvwKb Z_v myKbhy b~bK Zvbexb ej| Bnv `yB dvZnv
ev `yB Kvmiv A_ev `yB hvi AvKwZZ cKvwkZ nq| h nid
Zvbexb nq ZvK gybvIqvb ej| Zvbexbi hgb AvQ AvIqvR
Zgwb AvQ AvKwZ I ic|
(K) Zvbexbi AvIqvR:
wekli kl b~bmvwKb ( ) A_vr myKbhy b~b nq|
hgb: ( ` ) kwUi ( . ) ev AiwU Zvbexbhy| hvi DPviYi
mgq AvIqvR ( ) Aveyb& kl b~bmvwKb iqQ| b~bmvwKbK
wejy Ki Zvi cwieZ GKB cKvi Aviv GKwU hv ewk hvM
Kiv nqQ| Abyic dvZnvi mgq ( )-Gi AvIqvR ( )
Avevb& Ges Kvmivi mgq ( )-Gi AvIqvR ( ) Avweb&| wZb
AevZB b~bmvwKb iqQ hv AvIqvR ey Sv hvq|
(L) Zvbexbi AvKwZ I ic:
wekli kl GKB cKvi Aviv GKwU ekx nvivKvZ| A_vr
dvZnvi m Aviv GKwU dvZnv I Kvmivi mv_ Aviv GKwU
Kvmiv Ges hvi mv_ Aviv GKwU hv wgjvbv| `yB dvZnvi
Zvbexbi m GKwU AwZwi AvwjdI hvM ne hv IqvK&di
mgq gv` BIqvh Z_v `yB nvivKvZ (GK Avwjd) eivei Ub
coZ ne| Zvbexb `yB dvZnv viv nj DPviY (Avb&) I `yB
Kvmiv viv nj DPviY (Bb&) Ges `yB hv viv nj DPviY (Db&)
ne|

52
D`vniY
dvZnv viv Zvbexb
f i j o q n o q t u

dvZnv Zvbexb ( ) viv Abykxjbx

Lb& nvb& Rvb& Qvb& Zvb& evb& Avb&

^b& kvb& mvb& Rvb& ib& hvb& `vb&

Kb& dvb& Mb& Avb& hb& Zb& hb&

Bqvb&
nvb& Iqvb& bvb& gvb& jvb& Kvb&
bvU:
evbvb Kivi cwZ njv: nvgRv dvZnv Zvbexb Avb& , ev dvZnv
Zvbexb evb& , Zv dvZnv Zvbexb Zvb& ----------------- Bqv dvZnv
Zvbexb Bqvb&|
53
D`vniY
Kvmiv viv Zvbexb
u w {

Kvmiv Zvbexb ( ) viv Aby kxjbx

wLb& wnb& wRb& wQb& wZb& web& Bb&

w^b& wkb& wmb& wRb& wib& whb& w`b&

wKb& wdb& wMb& Bb& whb& wZb& whb&

Bqb& wnb& web& wbb& wgb& wjb& wKb&
bvU:
evbvb Kivi cwZ njv: nvgRv Kvmiv Zvbexb Bb& , ev Kvmiv
Zvbexb web& , ------------------ Bqv Kvmiv Zvbexb Bqb&|
54
D`vniY
hv viv Zvbexb

h i l m o p

hvi Zvbexb ( ) viv Abykxjbx

` ` ` ` `
Lyb& b& Ryb& Qyb& Zzb& ey b& Db&
` ` ` ` ` `
^yb& b& myb& Ryb& ib& hyb& `yb&
` ` ` `
Kyb& dyb& b& Db& hyb& Zzb& hyb&
` ` ` ` `
Bqyb& b& ey b& byb& gyb& jyb& Kyb&

bvU:
1. evbvb Kivi cwZ njv: nvgRv hv Zvbexb Db& , ev hv
Zvbexb eyb& , ---------------------------- Bqv hv Zvbexb Bqyb&|
55
2. Avgiv dvZnv Zvbexb, Kvmiv Zvbex I hv Zvbexb ejZwQ
Zvi KviY njv: evsjv fvlvZ Gi cwZî bB| ZvB AviweK D`y
I dvmx bv ej e Aviwe ejvB Dg|
3. Zvbexbi AvIqvR aygv Iqvm&j A_vr wgwjq covi mgq
ne| Avi IqvK&d A_vr weiwZi mgq ev` co hve Ges myKb
viv IqvK&d KiZ ne| Ze Zvi AvKwZ I ic evwK _vKe|
Avi hLb dvZnv Zvbexb viv ne ZLb dvZnv Zexjv viv Z_v `yB
nivKvZ (GK Avwjd) eivei Ub IqvK&d KiZ ne|

56
(wZb) Zvk`x` ( ) wZ wP
Zvk`x` njv: Awfb cvkvcvwk `y wU nid| c_gwU mvwKb
(myKbhy) I wZxqwU gyZvnviwiK (nvivKvZhy) G Aevq c_g
nidwUK wZxq nidi ga B`Mvg Z_v cek Kivbv| Avi H
nidi Dci Zvk`x` ( ) G wZ wPwU emvbv| Bnv B`Mvg Z_v
GK wgjvbvi cwZ BwZ enb Ki| hgb: ( ) kwU Avmj
wQj GLvb `vj Awfb `y wU nid, hvi c_gwU mvwKb Avi
wZxqwU gyZvnviwiK| ZvB c_gwUK wZxqwUi ga B`Mvg Z_v
cek Kivbv nqQ Ges `vji Dci Zvk`x` (wZ wP) emvbv
nqQ| hvi dj kwU GLb nqQ| h nidi Dci Zvk`x`
nq ZvK gykvv` Zvk`x`hy nid ej| Zvk`x`hy Ai
`y evi DPvwiZ nq| GKevi AvMi Aii nvivKvZ viv Avi
wZxqevi wbR^ nvivKvZ viv|
bvU:
Zvk`x` ki A_ KwVb I k| GKwU nidK `yBevi DPviY
KiZ KwVb jvM, ZvB ZvK Zvk`x` ejv nq| Avi Kvb nid
Zvk`x` nj c~ei nvivKvZK Uvb w`q wbq Avm, hvi dj
gvSi nidjv coZ Avm bv| b~b I gxg Ai
Zvk`x`hy nj bvn mnKvi coZ nq| bvKi wfZi
AvIqvRK evwRq covK bvn ej|

57
D`vniY
(K) dvZnv K mxivnmn (v) viv Zvk`x`

(L) dvZnv Zexjvnmn `xN (vv) viv Zvk`x`

58
dvZnv viv Zvk`x` ( )- Gi Abykxjbx

AvL&L- Avn&nv AvR&Rv AvQ&Qv Avv Avev AvAv

Av^&^- Avk&kv Avm&mv AvR&Rv Avi&i- Avh&hv Avv

AvK&K- Avd&dv AvM&M- AvAv Avh&h- Av- Avh&h-

Avq&Bqv Avn&nv
AvIIqv
Avbv Avv Avjv AvK&Kv
bvU:
1. evbvb Kivi cwZ njv: nvgRv ( v ) AvKvi, nvgRv wZ wP
=Av, nvgRv ( v ) Av, (Av+Av) = AvAv, nvgRv ( v ) ev wZ wP
=Ave& , ev ( v ) ev, (Ave& + ev)= Ave&ev, ------- nvgRv ( v ) Bqv
wZ wP= Avq& , Bqv ( v ) Bqv, (Avq& + Bqv)= Avq&Bqv|
59
Abykxjbx
wbPi AvqvZjvZ dvZnv Kmxivn I Zexjvnmn Zvk`x`K
wPwZ Kib:
M
L : -

D`vniY
Kvmiv viv Zvk`x`
(K) Kvmiv Kmxivn ( w ) viv Zvk`x`
Z # +
` `` `` `

(L) Kvmiv Zexjvn ( x ) viv Zvk`x`

s

0 !
` ` ` `
60
bvU: dvZnvi mv_ Zvk`x` me`v Aii DciB jLv nq|
Avi KziAvb Kvmivi mv_ Zvk`x` jLvi mgq Kvmiv Aii
wbP jLv nq| wK Aviwe jLvi mgq KLbv Zvk`x` Aii
Dci wjL ZviB wbP Kvmiv Ìqv nq| G Aevq KvmivK fyj
Ki hb dvZnv gb bv Kiv nq Zvi cwZ `w ivLZ ne|
Kvmiv ( w ) viv Zvk`x` ( )-Gi Aby kxjbx

` ` ` ` `
BL&wL Bn&wn BR&wR BQ&wQ Bw Bwe BB
` ` ` ` ` `
B^ &w^ Bk&wk Bmw&m BR&wR Bi&wi Bh&wh Bw
` ` ` `
BK&wK Bd&wd BM&wM Bwq Bh&wh Bw Bhw&h
` ` ` ` `
BBwq Bn&wn BIwe Bwb Bw Bwj BK&wK
bvU: evbvb Kivi cwZ njv: nvgRv (w ) nvgRv wZ wP =B,
nvgRv (w ) B, (B+B)= BB, nvgRv (w ) ev wZ wP Be& , ev (w )
we, (Be&+we)= Be&we|
61

Abykxjbx
Kvmiv Kmxiv I Zexjvmn Zvk`x`K wPwZ Kib:
` ` `
` ` `
` . ` ` ` .
D`vniY
hv viv Zvk`x`
(K) hv Kmxivn viv Zvk`x`
Z [
`
(L) hv Zexjvn mn Zvk`x`

6 a ~

62
hv viv Zvk`x` ( )- Gi Abykxjbx

DL&Ly Dn& DR&Ry DQ&Qy Dz Dey DD

D^&my Dk& Dm&my Dy Di&i Dh&hy Dy

DK& Kz Dd&dy DM& DD Dh&hy Dz Dh&hy

DBqy Dn& DIey Db&by Dy Dj&jy DK& Ky
bvU:
1. evbvb Kivi cwZ: nvgRv ( y ) DKvi, nvgR wZ wP D, nvgRv
( y ) D (D+D)=DD, nvgRv ( y ) DKvi ev wZ wP De& , ev ( y ) ey
(De&+ey)= De&ey,-----------------nvgRv ( y ) DKvi Bqv wZ wP
DB& Bqv ( y ) qy ( DB&+qy)=DB&qy|
63
Abykxjbx
hv Kmxiv I Zexjvmn Zvk`x`K wPwZ Kib:
. .
. .

GK k GKvwaK Zvk`xì eenvi
D`vniY

~
` ` `

64
evbvb Kivi cwZ
GKvwaK Ai wewk GKwU eo kK GKevi DPviY Kiv
cwZwU fvlvq KwVb evcvi| ZvB GKwU kK L L Ki Zvi
kvsk (SYLLABLE) Rb DPviY Kij mnR nq hvq|
1. AviweZ cwZwU nvivKvZ Z_v îeY GK GKwU kvsk|
2. mvwKb Z_v nm&hy nidK c~ei nvivKvZ (îeY) viv wgwjq
coZ ne|
3. dvZnv Zvbexb ( ) nj (Avb& ), Kvmiv Zvbexb
() nj (Bb& ) Ges hv Zvbexb ( ) nj (Db& ) DPviY
ne|
4. gykvv` Z_v Zvk`x`hy nidK GKevi c~ei îeY viv
Ges wZxqevi Zvi wbR^ nvivKvZ viv coZ ne|
5. Kvb nid Zvk`x` nj c~ei nidi nvivKvZ viv covi
mgq gvSi nidjv coZ Avme bv| Gi cwZwUi D`vniY
I Abykxjbx c~e we vwiZ fve DjL Kiv nqQ|
6. IqvK&d (weiwZi)-Gi mgq me`v myKb Z_v nm&wP viv KiZ
ne| nvivKvZ Z_v îeY ( ) I Zvbexb (
) viv IqvK&d Kiv hve bv|
7. cwZwU dvZnv ( ) K ( v ), Kvmiv ( )K (w ) Ges
hv () K ( y ) DPviY KiZ ne|
8. dvZnvi mv_ gvì Avwjd nj hgb: ( + ) `xN ( vv )
AvKvi, Kvmivi mv_ gvì Bqv nj hgb: ( + )
`xN ( x ) Kvi Ges hvi mv_ gvì IqvI nj hgb:
( + ) `xN ( ~ ) DPviY KiZ ne|
9. Mvj Zv ( ) IqvKd& Z_v _vgvi mgq ( ) nv nq hve|
65
Abykxjbx
m~iv dvwZnvi cwZwU ebeY, îeY I îawb wPwZ Kib|
Avi kvsk Rb evbvb Ki evsjvq my Ai mwVK DPviY
wjLyb|
[ * ) ( ' & % $ # " !
4 3 2 1 0 / . - , +
: 9 8 7 6 5 > = < ;
D C B A @ ? Z : -
DPviY:
----------------------------------
----------------------------------
----------------------------------
----------------------------------
----------------------------------
----------------------------------
----------------------------------
----------------------------------
----------------------------------
----------------------------------
----------------------------------
----------------------------------
----------------------------------
66
evbvbi D`vniY
# " !

@ ev (w ) BKvi mxb nm &: wem& , gxg (w ) BKvi jvg wZ wP:
wgj&, jvg ( v ) AvKvi: jv, nv ( w ) BKvi i wZ wP: wni,
(wem& + wgj& + jv + wni) = wem&wgj&jvwni&|
@ i ( v ) AvKvi nv nm &: in& , gxg ( vv ) `xNvKvi: gvv, b~b (w )
BKvi i wZ wP: wbi& , (in& + gvv + wbi)= in&gvvwbi&|
@ i ( v ) AvKvi: i, nv ( x ) CKvi: nx, gxg ( w ) BKvi wg,
(i + nx + wg)= inxg&|
@ (wem&wgj&jvwni& + ingvvwbi& + inxg& )= wem&wgj&jvwni& in&gvvwbi&
inxg |
[ 6 5 4 3 2 Z

IqvI ( v ) AvKvi Bqv nm & : IqvB, jvg hv Zvbexb jvg wZ
wP: jyj& , jvg (w ) BKvi: wj, Kvd ( y ) DKvi jvg wZ
wP:Kzj& , jvg (w ) BKvi: wj, (IqvB + jyj& + wj + Kzj& +
wj) = IqvBjyj&wjKzj&wj
nv ( y ): , gxg ( v ) AvKvi: gv, RvB ( v ) AvKvi: Rv, Zv
Kvmiv Zvbexb jvg wZ wP: wZj& , jvg ( y ) DKvi: jy , gxg
( v ) AvKvi: gv, RvB ( v ) AvKvi: Rv, Zvq Kvmiv Zvbexb:
wZb&, ( + gv + Rv + wZj& + jy + gv + wZb& )=
gvRvwZj&jygvRvn&
(IqvBjyj&wjKzj&wj + gvRvwZj&jygvRvn& )

67
[ ; : 9 8 7 Z
Avwjd ( v ) AvKvi jvg wZ wP: Avj& , jvg ( v ) AvKvi: jv,
hvj ( x ) CKvi: hx, (Avj& + jv + hx) = Avj&jvhx
Rxg ( v ) AvKvi: Rv, gxg ( v ) AvKvi: gv, AvBb ( v )
AvKvi: Av, (Rv + gv + Av) = RvgvAv|
gxg ( vv ) `xN AvKvi: gvv, jvg dvZnv Zvbexb IqvI wZ wP:
jvIu, (gvv + jvIu ) = gvvjvIu|
Iqvq ( v ) AvKvi: Iqv, AvBb ( v ) AvKvi `vj wZ wP:
Av`&, `vj ( v ) AvKvi: `v, `vj ( v ) AvKvi: `v, nv ( y )
DKvi: , (Iqv + qv`& + `v + `v + n& ) = Iqvqv`&`v`vn&|
(Avj&jvhx + RvgvAv + gvvjvIu + Iqvqv`&`v`vn& )
[ O N M L Z

b~b `xN AvKvi: bvv, i ( y ) DKvi jvg wZ wP: ij& , jvg
AvKvi: jv, nv (w ) BKvi jvg nm &: wnj& , gxg ( ~ ) EKvi: g~ ,
K-d ( v ) AvKvi: K-, `vj ( v ) AvKvi: `v, Zv ( y ) DKvi:
Zz| (bvv + ij& + jv + wnj& + g~ + K-`vn& )= bvvij&jvwnj&
g~K -`vn&|

bvU:
Abykxjbi wbqg njv: c_g ebeY, Gici îeY I îawb
wPwZ Kiv| Gici evbvb Kiv Ges co| DjwLZ AvqvZjvZ
mvaviY I `xN îeY Ges îawbi mejvi eenvi GmQ|
Abyic mg KziAvb AbymiY Ki ewk ewk evbvb Kij bZzb
cwZZ evbvb kLv Avjvn Pvn mnR nq hve|

68
k Aviwe Aii eenvi

Aviwe nidi mvaviYZ PviwU Aev k ewk eeZ nq
_vK| gvdZn (dvZnvhy) gvKm~i (Kvmivhy) gvhg~g (hvhy)
I mvwKb (m~Kbhy)| wbg cwZwU nidK PviwU Aevq Aviwe
k eenvi Ki `Lvbv njv|

DPviY k nid Aev
Avibve&

gvdZn
Be&ixK&

gvKm~i
Dhyb&

gvhg~g
BqvZx

mvwKb
evve&

gvdZn
web&Z&

gvKm~i
eyi&ZzK -j

gvhg~g
Bqve&`v

mvwKb
Zvve&

gvdZn
KZxj&

gvKm~i
gyZb&

gvhg~g
AvZ&evv

mvwKb
69
Qvjve&

gvdZn
Qxivvb&

gvKm~i
Qzevvb&

gvhg~g
DQgvvb&

mvwKb
Rvgvj&

gvdZn
wRgvvj&

gvKm~i
Ryb~e&

gvhg~g
gyR&wig&

mvwKb
nv`xKn&

gvdZn
wn^ b&

gvKm~i
e~e&

gvhg~g
Avn&evve&

mvwKb
LZxi&

gvdZn
wLqvvi&

gvKm~i
Lye&R&

gvhg~g
BL&wZevvi&

mvwKb
70
`vRvvR&

gvdZn
`xK&

gvKm~i
`ye&eyb&

gvhg~g
ev`&ib&
`
mvwKb
hvBjyb&

gvdZn
whivvDb&
`
gvKm~i
hyevveyb&
`
gvhg~g
Bh&nve&

mvwKb
ivmyb&
`
gvdZn
wiqvvj&

gvKm~i
ivvb&

gvhg~g
ZviZxe&

mvwKb
Rvivvdvn&

gvdZn
Rxbvn&

gvKm~i
Ryn~i&

gvhg~g
AvRnvvi&

mvwKb
71
mve~i-n&

gvdZn
wmevvK&

gvKm~i
m~K&

gvhg~g
gymwjg&

mvwKb
mvg&b&
`
gvdZn
wkivvDb&
`
gvKm~i
i&Zx

gvhg~g
eyk&ivv

mvwKb
êvi-

gvdZn
^xb&

gvKm~i
^y `~K&

gvhg~g
Bm&wei&

mvwKb
he&

gvdZn
whivvm&

gvKm~i
hyevvZ&

gvhg~g
Avh&wgi&

mvwKb
72
Zexe&

gvdZn
wZd&jyb&

gvKm~i
Zzq~i&

gvhg~g
BZ&ib&
`
mvwKb
hi&dzb&
`
gvdZn
whd&ib&
`
gvKm~i
hyid&

gvhg~g
gvh&nvi&

mvwKb
Avjvg&

gvdZn
wqbve&

gvKm~i
D^ &di&

gvhg~g
Avgvvj&

mvwKb
MRvvj&

gvdZn
wMi&evvj&

gvKm~i
^ &b&
`
gvhg~g
ZzM&qvvb&

mvwKb
73
dvik&

gvdZn
Mwdj&

gvKm~i
^ydd&

gvhg~g
d&ivvb&

mvwKb
Kjvg&

gvdZn
wKi&`yb&

gvKm~i
Kyd&j&

gvhg~g
IqvK&Z&

mvwKb
Kvixg&

gvdZn
wKig&

gvKm~i
Kzm~d&

gvhg~g
AvK&wgj&

mvwKb
jvBg~b&

gvdZn
wjmvvb&

gvKm~i
jyevn&

gvhg~g
Kvj&e&

mvwKb
74
gvIR&

gvdZn
wgn&i-e&

gvKm~i
g~mvv

gvhg~g
Avg&Iqvvj&

mvwKb
bvL&jvn&

gvdZn
wbg&i&

gvKm~i
byR~g&

gvhg~g
Avn&mvb&Z&

mvwKb
nvvwZd&

gvdZn
wnjvvj&

gvKm~i
`&`&

gvhg~g
Avn&j&

mvwKb
Iqvi&`vn&

gvdZn
wemvv`vn&

gvKm~i
DR~n&

gvhg~g
AvIdvv

mvwKb
75
Bqv`&

gvdZn
Bqvbvvwqi&

gvKm~i
BD^jx

gvhg~g
LBi&

mvwKb

bvU:
Zvk`x` viv ki eenvi LyeB Kg m Rb Zvi eenvi
`Lvbv njv bv|
Aviwe ki c_g myKb viv cov hvq bv Ges IqvK&d Z_v
weiwZ nvivKvZ viv Kiv hve bv eis me`v myKb viv KiZ
ne|
kli nidi c~ei nid myKb _vKj IqvK&d Kivi dj
cvkvcvwk `yBwU myKb GKwZ nq| Avi GKB mv_ `yBwU myKb
DPviY Kiv KwVb| ZvB evievi Abykxjbi gvag AvqZ
KiZ Pv Kib|
76
GKB aibi `ywU Aii mgmv

KLbv DPviY GKwU nid Aci nidi mv_ wgk hvq; KviY
`y wU nidi gvLivR (DPviYj) GKB ev cvkvcvwk| hgb:
KLbv AvBb nidwU nvgRv I nv nidwU nv------ nq
hvq| ZvB G cvV h mKj nidi mvaviYZ mgmv nq _vK
mjvi eve wKQz Zzjbvg~jK Abykxjbx ck Kiv nj| mwVK
DPviY wkLvi Rb evievi Abykxjb KiZ ne| D`vniY I
Abykxjbjv Wvb w`K _K coZ ne|

bvU:
evPvìK gvLivR bv cwoq ZvjKxb Z_v gyL gyL wkv Ìqv
Ges evsjvq evbvb Ki covbv Dg|

nvgRvn I AvBb

D`vniY

K

L

M

77
Abykxjbx

wbgi kmg~ni evievi mwVK DPviY Kib Ges cvkvcvwk
kqi DPviY cv_K wbYq Kib:

K

L
`
`

M

Qvv I mxb
D`vniY

K

L
` `
M
` `

78
Abykxjbx


K

L

`
`
`
M

`

I
D`vniY

K
` `
L

M
` `

79
Abykxjbx


K
`
`

L
`
`

M

RvvB I h

D`vniY

K

L

M

80
Abykxjbx


K

`
`
L

Z I Zvv
D`vniY

K

L

M

81
Abykxjbx


K

L

M

^-` I mxb

D`vniY

K

L

M

N

O
` `
82
Abykxjbx


K

`
`
L
`
`

M

mxb I kxb

D`vniY

K

L

M

83
Abykxjbx


K

L

M

`
`

K-d I Kvvd

D`vniY

K

L

M

84
Abykxjbx


K

L

M

L I MBb
D`vniY

K

L

M

85
Abykxjbx


K

L

M

Rxg I kxb
D`vniY

K
L
M

86
Abykxjbx


K

L

M

`vvj I h-`
D`vniY

K
` `
L
` `
M

87
Abykxjbx


K

L

M
`
`
`
`

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