Samvadam Nov 2005

]p-kv-X-I-w- c-≠-v / e-°w- A-©v-/ 2005 \-hw--_¿-- -/1426 i-Δm¬-
4 hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS- kw-hm-Zw- Jp¿-B-\n-s‚- bm-Ym¿-Y-yw:--

6
7
Xn-cp-sam-gn-
]-{Xm-[-n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-
9 b-a-\n- ap-kv-l-^p-I-fpw- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy- hn-a¿-i-\-hpw-
˛ D-ssha-n¿- A≥Pp-w-
22 B-Xv-ao-b- Im-]-Sy-ß-fpw- I-]-S-im-kv-{X-ß-fpw-
˛d-Po-_v- F.-
30 kp-hn-ti-j- k-lm-b-I≥- B-cm-Wv?-
-˛sI.- kn.- cm-L-h≥,- t]-cm-{º-
33 -[¿-a-hpw- [¿-a-Nyp-Xn-bpw
˛i-ao¿- {io-aq-e-\-K-cw-
35 {]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m-\hpw tImi-Øns‚ [¿a-hpw
˛A-Uz.- ap-Cu-\p-±o≥-
hn-a¿-i-\w-
40 Hcp ùXn-I-hm-Zn-bpsS tNmZy-ßƒ
˛ssk-bv-Zp-ap-l-Ω-Zv- B-\-°-bw-
a-dp-]-Sn -
42 H-cp- bp-‡n-bp-an-√m-Ø- Ip-sd- P-ev-]-\-ßƒ-
˛D-kv-am≥- ]m-e-°m-gn-
46 H-cp- ^n-en-ss∏≥- bp-h-m-hn-s‚- k-Xy-km-£yw-
˛ap-kv-X-^m- X≥-ho¿-
Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N- ....... 34
z Cu- Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-Xw- ]-cn-Wm-a-kn-≤m-¥-sØ-
48 lPvPv H-cp- A-Xp-ey- Xo¿-∞m-S-\w-
km-[q-Icn-°p-∂pt≠m?-
˛A-_v-Z-p¬- J-m-en-Jv-
50 hn-ip-≤- ]m-X-
Internet Edition: http://www.nicheoftruth.org/samvadam

Printed Published and owned by M.Mohammed Akbar. Printed at Screen Offset printers, Cochin-18. Published at Cochin-18.
Editor M.Mohammed Akbar, Niche of Truth, Kalabhavan Road, Cochin-18.
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 1
kn-°p-∂-p-:-
""X-s≥d- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-Sv- \-√-- \n-
e-bn¬- h¿-Øn-°m≥- a-\p-jy-t\m-Sv- \mw-
hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS- A-\p-i-m-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- \n-\-°v- bm-sXm-
c-dn-hp-an-√m-Ø- H-∂n-s\- F-t∂m-Sv- ]-¶p-
kw-hm-Zw- tN¿-°p-hm≥- A-h¿- (am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ-)-
\n-t∂m-Sv- \n¿-_-‘-]q¿-hw- B-h-iy-s∏-
´m¬- A-h-sc- \o- A-\p-k-cn-®p-t]-m-I-cp-
Xv.- F-s≥-d- A-Sp-tØ-°m-Wv- \n-ß-fp-sS-
hr-≤-k-Z-\-ßƒ- A-\n-h-m-cy--tam?- sIm-Sp-Ø- Jp¿-B≥- kq-‡w- a-\- n-em- a-S-°w.- A-t∏mƒ- \n-ßƒ- {-]-h¿-Øn-®n-
°n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv.- - - cp-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n- Rm≥- \n-ß-sf- hn-h-c-a-
""X-s∂-b-√m-sX \n-ßƒ- B-cm-[n-°- dn-bn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv''- (2928).-
cp-sX-∂pw- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ-°v- \-∑- sN- H-cn-°¬- b-p≤ - Ø - n¬- ]-s¶-Sp-°p-hm≥-
A-\p-a-X-n- tNm-Zn-®p-sIm-≠v- {]-hm-N-I-s\- ""\n-\-°v- bm-sX-m-c-dn-hp-an-√m-Ø- h-√-
ø-W-sa-∂pw- \n-s≥-d- c-£n-Xm-hv- hn-[n-®n-
k-ao-]n-®- H-cm-tfmSv- A-hn-Sp-∂v- "hr-≤-cm- Xn-s\-bpw- F-t∂m-Sv- \o- ]-¶p-tN¿-°p-∂-
cn-°p-∂p.- A-h-cn¬- (am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fn¬)-
b- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fp-t≠m'-- F-∂v- Xn-c-°n. Im-cy-Øn¬- A-h-c-n-cp-h-cpw- \n-s≥d- ta¬-
H-cm-tfm- A-hc - n¬- c-≠p-t]-cpw- X-s∂-tbm-
"A-sX'- F-∂v- ]-d-™-t∏mƒ- A-h-sc- ip- k-Ω¿-Zw- -- sN-ep-Øp-∂- ]-£w- A-hs - c- \o-
\n-s≥-d- A-Sp-°¬- sh-®v- hm¿-[-Iyw- {]m-
{iq-jn-°p-hm≥- B-h-iy-s∏-´p-s-Im-≠v bp- A-\p-k-cn-°-cp-Xv.- C-ltem-I-Øv- A-h-
]n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬- A-h-tcm-Sv- \o- "sO'-
≤-Øn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-∏n-°m-sX- Xn-cn-®-b-°p- tcm-Sv- \o- \-√- \-n-e-bn¬- k-l-h-kn-°p-I-
F-∂v- ]-d-bp-I-tbm,- A-h-tc-m-Sv- I-b¿-°p-
I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.- bpw- F-∂n-te-°v- a-S-ßn-b-h-cp-sS -am¿-Kw-
I-tbm- sN-ø-cp-Xv.- A-h-tcm-Sv- am-\y-am-b-
\o- ]n-¥p-S-cp-I-bpw- sN-øp-I........-''- (31:-15).
hm-°v- ]-d-bp-I-bp-w- sN-øp-I''- (17:-23).-- ""A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- Xr-]X v- n- am-Xm-]n-Xm-
hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-se-- \-tS- kq-Nn-∏n- °-fp-sS- Xr-]v-Xn-bn-em-Wv;- A-h-s≥d-- tIm- ˛ d-m-jn-Zv- sI.- ]n,- B-cy-º-m-h- v -
®- k-q‡ - w-,- a-Zy-]n-®v- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°s - f- a¿- ]w- -am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sS- tIm-]-Øn-ep-am- ***
Zn-°p-∂- H-cm-fp-sS- Zr-jSv- n-bn¬- s]-´t- ∏mƒ- Wv-''- F-∂- \-_n-h-N-\-w- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-
bp-‡n-hm-Z-sa-∂m¬-
am-\-km-¥-c-ap-≠m-hp-I-bpw- C-kv-emw- B- sf- sh-dp-∏n-°p-Ib - pw- A-hK - W - n-°p-Ib - pw-
t«-jn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- H-c-m-sf-°p-dn-®v- sN-øp-∂-Xn-s\Xn-sc-bp-≈- i-‡-am-b- ap- am-\y-X-bn-√m-Ø hn-a¿-i-\-tam?-
tI-ń-´p-≠v.- ∂-dn-bn-∏pw- A-hs - c- kvt- \-ln-°p-Ib - pw- ]- B-i-b-Zm-cn-{Zy-w- bp-‡n-hm-Zn-I-sf- h-
B-[p-\n-I- X-e-ap-d- hr-≤-cm-b- am-Xm- cn-K-Wn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-h¿-°p-≈- kp- √m-sX- A-tem-k-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-s≠-∂v- hy-
]n-Xm-°-sf- H-cp- `m-c-am-bn- Im-Wp-∂-h-cm- hm¿-Ø-bp-am-Wv.- ‡-am-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- bp-‡n-hm-Z- {]-kn-≤o-
Wv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°- A-√m-lp-hn-\-v G-‰h - pw- C-jS-v s- ∏-´- {]h I-c-W-ß-ƒ.- F-¥n-s\-bpw- I-Æ-S-®v- hn-
sf- hr-≤-k-Z-\-ß-fn¬- G-ev-]n-®v- B- `m- ¿-Ø-\w- G-Xm-Wv- F-∂- tNm-Zy-Øn-\v- \- a¿-in-°p-I-;- F-∂mte- bp-‡n-h-Zn-bm-Iq-
cw- C-d°n-sh-°p-∂p-!- ]-m-i-vNm-Xy≥- kw- _n-()- \¬-In-b- a-dp-]S- nbn¬- H-∂v- "amXm- F-∂v- I-cp-Xp-∂- bp-‡n-hm-Zn-If - p-ap-≠v.- F-
kvI - m-cw- I-Ss - a-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠v- \-Ωp-sS- \m- ]n-Xm-°ƒ-°v- \-∑- sN-øp-I'- F-∂-XmWv.- Xn¿-°p-∂X - v- C-ke v- m-an-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬- C-
ń-epw- Xp-cp-Xp-cm- hr-≤-k-Z-\-ßƒ- s]m- °q´¿- Iq-Sp-X¬- B-th-i-`-cn-X-cm-Ip-∂-
{]-bm-k-s∏-´v- h-f¿-Øn h-ep-Xm-°n-b-
ń-ap-f-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p!-!- ip-{iq-jn-°p- Xpw- Zr-iy-am-Wv.-
am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-Sv- \-μ-n-tI-Sv- Im-Wn-°-
hm≥- a-°-fpw- kz-¥-°m-cp-an-√m-Ø-h¿-°v- cp-sX-∂v- A-√m-lp- -D-W¿-Øp-∂p-:- km-\n-b- an¿-kb - p-sS- Im-cy-Øn¬- "^-
hr-≤-k-Z-\-ßƒ- H-cm-izm-k-am-bn-cn-°mw.- Xv-h'-bn-d-°n-b- "sam-√m-°'--am-sc- I-fn-bm-
""a-\p-jy-\v- X-s≥-d- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fp-
F-∂m¬- X-ßƒ- B-‰-p-t\m-‰p- h-f¿-Øn- °n-s°m-≠v- ]-e-cpw- ]-e-Xpw- F-gp-Xn-bn-
sS- Im-cy-Øn¬- \mw- A-\p-im-k-\w- \¬-
D-∂-X-\n-e-bn-se-Øn-®- a-°ƒ- X-ß-sf- ´p-≠v.- km-\n-b- an¿-k-b-√- tem-I-Øp-≈-
In-bn-cn-°p-∂p˛ £o-W-Øn-\p-ta¬- £o-
sh-dpw- sh-bvk - v‰- m-bn-°≠ - v- ho-ń¬-\n-∂pw- G-Xp- s]-Æpw-˛ A-hƒ- b-Ym¿-Y- ap-kv-en-
W-hp-am-bn-´m-Wv- am-Xm-hv- A-h-s\- K¿-`w-
"kv-t\-l-tØm-sS'- hn-fn-®n-d-°n- hr-≤-k- am-sW-¶n¬-˛ A-\y-]p-cp-j∑ - m-cp-sS-bn-Sb - n-
Np-a∂ - p- \-S∂
- X
- v.- A-hs - ≥-d- ap-eI - p-Sn- \n¿-
Z-\ß - f - n-te-°v- sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip-tº-mƒ- B- te-°n-d-ßp-tºmƒ- C-kv-emw- \n¿-tZ-in-®-
Øp-∂-Xm-I-s´- c-≠p- h¿-jw- sIm-≠p-am-
am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sS- a-\- n-s≥-d- hn-ß¬- h-k{v- X-[m-cW- c - o-Xn- kzo-Ic - n-t°-≠X - p-≠v.-
Wv-˛ F-t∂m-Spw- \n-s≥-d- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-
B¿-°v- hn-h-cn-°m≥- km-[n-°pw?- B- hr- A-Xv- "sam-√m-°'--am-cp-sS ^-Xv-h-b-√;- {k-
tfm-Spw- \o- \-μn- Im-Wn-°q.- F-s≥-d- A-
≤-a\ -
- p-If - n-se- ap-dn-∏m-Sp-Iƒ- am-bv® - p- I- jv-Sm-hn-s‚- I¬-]-\-bm-Wv.- I-fn-°p-tºm-
Sp-tØ-°m-Wv- a-S-°w''- (31:-14).-
f-bp-hm≥- B¿-°v- I-gn-bpw? gpw- Ip-fn-°p-tºm-gpw- X-s‚ \ -- -Kv-\-X- a-‰p-
A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d-bpw- A-hs≥-d- Zq-X- ≈-h¿- Im-Wp-∂-Xn¬- bm-sXm-cp- sX-‰p-
am-Xm-]n-Xm-°s - f- B-Zc
- n-°e - pw- _-lp- s≥-d-bpw- I¬-]-\m-\n¿-tZ-i-ßƒ-°v- F-
am-\n-°-epw- a-X-Øn-\v- F-Xn-c-√m-Ø- G- an-√- F-∂- [m-c-W- sh-®p-]p-e¿-Øp-∂-h-
Xn-cp-\n¬-°p-hm≥- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ- I¬- f-√- k-Xy-hnizm-kn-\n.-
Xp-Im-cy-Øn-epw- A-\p-k-cn-°-epw- \n¿-_- ]-n-®m¬- A-h-sc- A-\p-k-cn-°-cp-sX-∂pw-
‘- _m-[y-X-bm-bn- -C-kv-emw- Im-Wp-∂p. "bp-‡n-tc-J'- 2005 H-Iv-tSm-_¿- e-°-
sF-ln-I-am-b- hn-j-b-ß-fn¬- A-h-sc- k-
A-h¿- hr-≤-cm-sW-¶n¬- I-S-∏m-Sv- H-∂p- Øn¬- "{]-Xn-am-k- tc-JI - ƒ'- F-∂- ]w‡n-
lm-bn-°-W-sa-∂pw- Jp-¿-B≥- A-\p-im-
Iq-Sn- h¿-[n-°p-∂p- F-∂m-Wv- ap-I-fn¬- bn¬- F-gp-Xn-b-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 2
""]-S-®-h-s≥-d- Im-e-Øv- sS-∂o-kv- Ifn- t∂- I-cp-Xm-hq-!''- ß-fm-tWm- A-Xv- ta-L-Øn¬-\n-∂v- C-d-
bn-√m-bn-cp-s∂-∂p-tXm-∂p-∂p-.- D-≠m-bn-cp- `q-an-bp-sS-- ssh-hn-[y-sØ- _p-≤n-iq-\y- °n-b-Xv?- A-X-√,- \m-am-tWm- C-d-°-n-b-
s∂-¶n¬,- G-Xp-co-Xn-bn-ep-≈- h-kv-{X-am- X-bm-bn-°m-Wp-∂- bp-‡n-hm-Zn- t\-Xm-hn- h≥?- \mw- D-t±-in-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-Xv-
Wp- [-cn-t°-≠sX-∂v- sam-√m-°-am-tcm-Sp- s≥-d- "A-]m-c- _p-≤n'-bn¬- \mw- k-l-X- \mw- Zp- zm-Z-p-≈- D-∏p-sh-≈-am-°p-am-bn-
]-d-t™-s\''.-- ]n-°p-I!- F-¥m-Wv- A-t±-lw- ]-d-bp-∂- cp-∂p.- F-∂n-cn-s°- \n-ßƒ- \-μn-Im-Wn-
bp-‡n-hm-Zn-I-fp-sS- {]-Xn-]-£-a-cym-Z- Xv?- `q-an-bn¬- a-e-bpw- Ip-∂pw- Ip-gn-I-fpw- °m-Ø-sX-¥m-Wv?''- (56:- 68˛70).-
bpw- am-\y-X-bpw- Cu- h-cn-I-fn¬- \n-∂v- k-ap-{Z-ß-fpw- h-b-ep-I-fpw- Im-Sp-I-fpw- a- ""]-d-bp-I-:- \n-ßƒ- Nn-¥n-®p-t\m-°n-
hy-‡a - m-Wv.- ]-S® - h- s
- ≥-d- A-]m-ca - m-b- A- ‰-pw- ]m-Sn-s√-t∂m?- i -- -X-am-\-°-W-°n-embn-´-p-t≠m?- \n-ß-fp-sS- sh-≈w- h-‰n-t∏m-
\p-{K-l-ßƒ- F-ºm-Spw- B-kz-Zn-®p-sIm- Wv- A-]m-I-X-sb-¶n¬- "ssZ-h-Ø-n-\p-t]m- bm¬- B-cm-Wv- \n-ßƒ-°v- H-gp-Ip-∂- D-d-
≠v- Po-hn-°p-∂h - c- m-Wv- bp-‡n-hm-Zn-If - pw. ep-an-√m-Ø'- A]m-c- _p-≤n-bn¬- \n-∂v- `q- h-p-P-ew- sIm-≠p-h-∂v- X-cn-I?'' (67:-30).--
A-sX-√mw- a-d-∂p-sIm-≠v,- A-s√-¶n¬- \n- an-b-p-sS- D-]-cn-X-e-Øn-se- P-e-Øn-\pw-- I- ""B-Im-i-Øp-\n-∂v- \mw- H-cp- \n-iv-Nn-
tj-[n-®p-sIm-≠v- ta-\n-\-Sn-®p-sIm-≠v- \- c-bv°pw- Im-Sn\p-sa-√mw- th-≠n-bn-cp-∂- i- X- Afhn¬- sh-≈w- sNm-cn-bp-I-bpw- F-
S-°p-∂- bp-‡n-h-m-Zn-I-tf,- hn-]¬-L-´-ß- X-am-\-sam-∂v- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- ]-d-™psIm- ∂n-´v- \mw- A-Xn-s\- `q-an-bn¬- X-ßn-\n¬-
fn¬- "]-S-®-h-t\',- "I¿-Øm-th',- "Cu-iz- Sp-°m-tam?- A-t±-lw- ho-≠pw- F-gp-Xp-∂p: °p-∂-Xm-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- A-
cm'- F-s∂-√mw- hn-fn-°p-∂-h¿- F-{X-tbm- ""a-\p-jym-h-iyw- \n¿-h-ln-°pw-hn-[w- Xv- h-‰n-®-p-I-f-bp-hm-≥- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- \mw-
\n-ß-fp-sS- t\-Xm-°-fn¬- t]m-ep-ap-s≠- P-e-{]-iv-\w- ssZ-hw- ssI-Im-cyw- sN-bv- i-‡-\m-Ip-∂p''- (23:-18).-
∂-Xv- \n-ßƒ-°v- \n-tj-[n-°p-hm≥- I-gn- Xn-cp-s∂-¶n¬- 97 i-X-am-\w- P-e-Øn-epw- tem-I-P-\-X-bv-°n-S-bn-se- `m-jm-ssh
bp-tam?- ssZ-h-\n-tj-[n-bm-bn-´pw- ssZ-h- D-∏v- I-e° - p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Cu- aq-VX - z-hpw- hn-[y-sØ-bpw- ssZ-h-sØ- ]p-On-°p-hm-
sØ- hn-fn-°p-I-tbm- F-∂p- tNm-Zn-°p- {Iq-c-X-bpw- Im-ń-b- ssZ-hw- _p-≤-n-iq-\y- \p-≈- B-bp-[a - m-bn- bp-‡n-hm- Z- n- t\-Xmhv-
tºmƒ A-Xv- "sN-dp-∏w- ap-X-te- io-en-®p- \-t√?- Cu- P-ew- {]-Ir-Xn- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-am- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-tºmƒ- C-Xm-
t]m-bn'- F-∂m-Wv- a-dp-]S- n.- \n-ßf - p-sS-sb- hp-tam?- hn-h-c-tZm-jn-bm-b- H-cm-kq-{X-I- tWm- \n-ß-fp-sS- "a-l-Øm-b'- bp-‡n-
m-s°- D-≈n-s≥-d-bp-≈n¬- \n-ß-fpw- ssZ- \-t√- A-c- i-X-am-\w- ]m-\-tbm-Ky-P-ew- t_m-[w- F-∂v- tNm-Zn-°p-hm≥- tXm-∂p-
h-sØ- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.- ]-t£,- A- am-{Xw- kr-jv-Sn-°p-I-bp-≈q?-''.- I-bm-Wv.- tem-I-Øv- H-tc-sbm-cp- `m-j-bm-
Xv- {]-I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬-\n-∂v- A-l-¥-- \n- `q-an-bn-se- P-e-Øn¬- 97 i-X-am-\w- D- Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬- a-\p-jy-k-aq-l-
ß-sf- X-S-bp-I-bm-Wv- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- ∏p-I-e¿-∂-Xm-b-Xn-\m¬- A-Xn-s≥-d- {k- sØ- A-X- v- sF-Iy-s∏-Sp-Øp-am-bn-cp-∂-h-
"bp-‡n-]c - a
- m-bn' (?)- G-Xp- tNm-Zy-Øn- jv-Sm-hv- _p-≤n-iq-\y-\m-sW-∂p-≈- I-≠p- s{X-!- A-]-m-c-am-b- bp-‡n-!- h-√m-sØ-m-cp-
\pw- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-bp-∂- H-cp- bp-‡n-hm-Zn- ]n-Sp-Ø-Øn-\v- "Ωn-Wn- _-ey'- bp-‡n-X- _p-≤n-!- Cu- sIm-®p-tI-c-f-Øn-se- `m-j-
t\-Xm-hv-,- bp.- F.- C-bn¬- \n¿-an-®psIm- s∂- th-Ww.- bp-‡n-hm-Zn-I-fp-sS- Nn-¥- a-eb- m-fa - m-Wv.- A-h¿-°n-Sb - n¬- bm-sXmcp-
≠n-cn-°p-∂- tem-I-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en- Iq-]-a-fiq-I-Øn-s≥-d- Nn-¥-bv-°p- k-a-am- `n-∂n-∏p-an-t√?- H-tc-`m-j- kw-km-cn-°p-∂h
b- aq-∂m-a-sØ- ]≈n-sb-°p-dn-®v- A-Xv- sW-∂n-Xp- hy-‡-am-°p-∂p.- `q-an-bn¬- 97 ¿-°n-Sb - n¬- bm-sXm-cp- A-ss\-Iy-hp-an-t√?-
[q¿-Ø-t√- F-∂- tNm-Zy-Øn-\v- \¬-Ip-∂- i-X-am-\w- P-e-hpw- D-∏p-I-e¿-∂-Xm-bn-cp- F-¥n-t\-sd, H-tc- `m-j- k-w-km-cn°p-∂-
a-dp-]-Sn-bn-¬- "C-√m-Ø- ssZ-h-sØ- {]m¿- ∂n-´pw- 600 tIm-Sn-bn¬- ]-cw- B-fp-Iƒ- bp-‡n-hm-Zn-Iƒ-°n-Sb - n¬- A-ss\Iyan-t√?-
Yn-®n-´v- H-cp- Kp-W-hp-w- In-ń-√'-- F-∂p- ]-d- `q-ap-J-Øv- Po-hn-°p-∂n-t√?- A-h¿-s°m- {Kq-∏n-kant√?- C-kv-em-an-s\- F-Xn¿-°p-
™p-s-Im-≠v- ssZ-h-an-s√-∂p- h-cp-Øn- s°- ip-≤-P-ew- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv- B-cm-Wv?- `q- ∂-Xn¬- X-ßf-mW - v- ap-º∑ - m¿- F-∂p- h-cp-
Øo¿-°p-hm-\pw- ssZ-hs - Ø- ]-cn-lk - n-°p- an-°S- n-bn-ep-≈- sam-Øw- ip-≤P - e
- Ø
- n-s‚- Øn-Øo¿-°m-\p-≈- {- i-aØ - n-\n-Sb - n¬- k
hm-\pw- {i-an®p-sIm-≠v- kz-bw- A-]-lm i-X-am-\- I-W-°v- B-cm-sW-Sp-Ø-X-v? Xm- Xy-sØ- \n¿-`b - w- Igp-Øp- sR-cn-®p-sIm-
ky-\m-bn- am-dp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:- -- - s\-bp-≠m-b-Xm-Wv- {]-]-©-sa-¶n¬- 97 i- √p-hm≥- {i-an-°p-Ib - m-W-v bp-‡n hmZn-Iƒ.-
""D-]-cn-X-e-Øn¬- 71 i-X-am-\w- P-e-ta- X-am-\-Øn¬- D-∏p-≠m-b-Xpw- 3 i-X-am-\- ssZ-h-a-s√-¶n¬- ]n-s∂- B-cm-Wv- {]-
J-e-bm-Wv.- 12.-5 i-X-am-\w- {]-X-ew- a-e-I- Øn¬- D-∏n-√m-Xm-b-Xpw- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv?- ]-©s - Ø- kr-jvS- n-®X - v- F-∂- tNm-Zy-sØ-
f-m-Wv.- ln-am-hr-X-ta-J-e- 3.-19 i-X-am-\-ap- In-W-dp-I-fpw- Ip-f-ß-fpw- a-‰pw- Ip-gn-°p- a-dn-I-S-°p-hm≥- A-t±-lw- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:-
≠v.- Im-Sp-Iƒ- 7.-90 i-X-am-\w- aq-Sn-bn-´p- tºmƒ- ip-≤-P-ew- e-`n-°-p-hm≥- X-°-hn- ""Du¿-Pw- kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏-Sp-hm-t\m- \-in-∏n-
≠v.- B-sI- 94.-59 i-X-am-\w- B-bn.- 5.-5 i- [-Øn¬- `q-an-°-Sn-bn¬- sh-≈-ap-≠m-°n- °-s∏-Sp-hm-t\m- I-gn-bn-√ F-∂- im-kv-{X-
X-am-\w- `q-X-e-am-Wv a-\p-jy-hm-k-Øn-\v- b-Xm-cm-Wv?- ssZ-hØ - n-s≥-d- kr-jSv- n-∏n-se- X-Øz-{]-Im-cw- {]m-]-©n-I- Du¿-P-Øn-
H-cp-hn-[w- ku-I-cy-am-b-Xv.- (C-hn-sS-bpw- bp-‡n-sb- tNm-Zyw- sN-øp-hm≥-X-°- _p- t\m- A-Xn-s≥-d- cq-]-t`-Z-am-b- {Z-hy-{]-]-
h-be - p-Iƒ,- N-Xp-∏p-\n-eß - ƒ,- sN-dn-b- Ip- ≤n-km-a¿-Yyhpw- bp-‡n-t_m-[-hpw- D- ©-Øn-t\m- Im-c-Ww- tX-tS-≠- B-h-iyw-
∂p-If - pw- Ip-gn-If - pw- \n-d™- n-cn-°pw).- k¿- t≠m- bp-‡n-hm-Zn-Iƒ-°v?- - im-kv-{X-Øn-\n-√''.- Du¿-Pw- A-\m-Zn-bpw-
h-⁄m-\n-bpw- k¿h-i-‡-\p-am-b- H-cp- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- Xm-sg- sIm- A-\-¥-hp-am-sW-∂v- hn-i-z-kn-°p-∂-Xn¬-
ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- K-Xn-tI-Sm-Wv- C-hn-sS- {]- Sp-°p-∂- tNm-Zy-ßƒ-°v- bp-‡-n-h-m-Zn-Iƒ- bp-‡n- I-s≠-Øp-∂h - ¿-°v- A-\m-Zn-bmb-
I-S-am-Ip-∂-Xv.- a-\p-jy-\p-th-≠n- B-kq- °v- F-¥v- a-d-p-]-Sn- ]-d-bp-hm-\p-≠v?- ssZ-h-sØ- F-Xn¿-°p-∂-Xn¬- F-¥p- bp-
{X-Ww- sN-bv-X- `q-an-bp-sS- \ne- C-Xm-sW- ""\n-ßƒ- Ip-Sn-°p-∂- sh-≈-sØ-∏-‰n- ‡n-bm-Wv- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-h-m-\p-≈Xv?-
¶n¬- -,- B-kq-{X-I≥- _p-≤n-iq-\y-\m-sW- \n-ßƒ- Nn-¥n-®p-t\m-°n-bn-´p-t≠m?- \n- ˛ A-_q- ^mC-Z,- B-ep-h-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 3
- - -- -
Xn-cp-sam-gn-
A-_q-ap-ô-Zv-
\-∑-tb-Xpw- \n- m-c-am-°-cp-X- v
A_qZ¿-dv- Pp≥-Z-_-n-_v-\p-Pp-\m-Zx-( )-bn¬\n∂v \nthZ\w. \_n(  )F-t∂mS-v-
]d™p: ""\-∑-bn¬- bm-sXm-∂n-s\-bpw- \o- \n- -m-c-am-°-cp-Xv-;- \n-s≥-d- k-tlm-Zcs\ ap-kv-enw.--
-{]-k-∂-h-Z-\-\m-bn- I-≠p-ap-´p-∂-Xp-t]m-epw''-.-
\-∑sb-bpw- Xn-∑sb-bpw- Ip-dn-®p-≈- Nn- X-ß-fp-sS-- c-£-n-Xm-hn-s≥-d- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß- √mw- {]m-h¿-Øn-I-am-°n- Im-Wn-°p-I-bpw-
¥-I-fpw- N¿-®-I-fpw- X¿-°-ß-fp-sa-√mw- fn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-h-cpw,- X-ß-fp-sS- c- sN-bv-Xp.-
a-\p-jytem-IØ - n¬- am-{X-am-Wp-≈X - v.- -- C- £n-Xm-hn-t\m-Sv- ]-¶p-tN¿-°m-Ø-h-cpw,- c- ap-I-fn¬- sIm-Sp-Ø- \-_n-h-N-\w- {i-
X-c- P-¥p-tem-I-Øn¬- \-∑-˛ Xn-∑-I-fn-√.- £n-Xm-hn-¶-te-°v- X-ßƒ- a-S-ßn-s®t√- ≤-n-°p-I.-- -C-kv-emw- \-∑-Iƒ-°p- \-¬-Ip-
\-∑-Iƒ- ssI-sIm-≈p-hm-\pw- Xn-∑-Iƒ- ≠-h-cm-W-t√m- F-∂v- a-\- n¬- `-b-ap- ∂- kv-Ym-\w- A-Xn¬-\n-∂-p-X-s∂- hy-‡-
sh-Sn-bp-h-m-\pw- a-\p-jy≥- X-bm-dm-Ip-∂n- ≈tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn- X-ßƒ- Zm-\w- sNøp-∂s - X- am-Wv.- \-√-Xm-b- H-cp- Im-cy-hpw- H-cp- ap-
s√-¶n¬- A-h≥- sh-dp-sam-cp- "P-¥p'--hm- √mw- Zm-\w- sN-øp-∂h-cpw- B-tcm- A-h-c- kvenw- \n- m-ca - m-bn- K-Wn-t°-≠X - n-√.- {k-
sW-∂¿-Yw.- s{X- \-∑-I-fn¬- [r-Xn-s∏-´p- ap-t∂-dp-∂- jv-Sm-hn-s≥-d- {]-Xn-^-ew- B-{K-ln-®p-sIm-
C-kv-emw- a-\p-jy≥- a-\p-jy-\m-bn-Øo- h¿.- A-h-c-s{X- A-h-bn¬- ap-tº- sN-s∂- ≠v- A-h≥- sN-øp-∂- G-sXm-cp- \-√- Im-
cp-hm-\p-≈- k-Ie - - Im-cy-ßf - pw- Nq-≠n-°m- Øp-∂-h-cpw''- (23:- 57˛61).- cy-hpw- A-√m-lp- kzo-I-cn-°pw.-
Wn-®n-´p-≠v.- A-¥n-a- {]-hm-N-I≥()- ap- \-∑-I-fn¬- [r-Xn-s∏-´p- ap-t∂-dp-∂h¿- ]p-©n-cn-tbm-sS- H-cm-sf- A-`-n-ap-Jo-I-
tJ-\-- A-√m-lpam-\-hcm-in-sb- \-∑-˛Xn- °m-Wv- hn-P-bw.- A-Xv- a-l-Øm-b- A-\p- cn-°p-I- F-∂-Xp-t]m-epw- A-h-K-Wn-°m-
∑-Is - f-°p-dn-®v- ]-Tn-∏n-®p.- a-\p-jy-sc- sNm- {K-l-am-Wv-:- hp-∂-X-√.- a-\- n¬- ]-I-bpw- h-n-tZz-j-hpw-
Δm-b- ]m-X-bn-te-°v- \-bn-°p-hm≥- A-h- "".......-A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- A-\p-a-Xn-tbm- C-√m-Ø-h¿-t°- A-Xn-\p- km-[n-°p-I-bp-
km-\-sØ- th-Z-{K-Ÿ-am-b- Jp¿-B≥- A- sS- \-∑-I-fn¬- ap≥-I-S-∂-h-cpw- A-h-cn-ep- ≈q.- Nn-√-d- ]n-W-°w- t]m-epw- H-cp- ]p-
h≥- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®p.- ≠v-.- A-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv- a-l-Øm-b- A-\p- ©n-cn-bn¬- am-™p-t]m-Ip-sa-∂X - m-Wv- bm-
""Xo¿-®b - m-bpw- Cu- Jp-¿B - ≥- G-‰h - pw- {K-lw''- (35:- 32).- Ym¿-Yyw.-
i-cn-bm-b-Xn-te-°v- h-gn-Im-Wn-°p-I-bpw- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- in-£-sb-°p-dn-®p- {k-jv-Sm-hn-t\m-Sp-≈- I-S-a-Ifpw- kr-
k¬-I¿-a-ßƒ- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- k-Xy-hn- ≈- `-bh - pw- c-£s- b-°p-dn-®p-≈- {]-Xo-£- jv-Sn-I-tfm-Sp-≈- I-S-a-I-fp-w- F-s¥-√m-sa-
izm-kn-Iƒ-°v- h-en-b- {]-Xn-^-e-ap-≠v- F- bp-am-Wv- Xn-∑-Iƒ- sh-Sn-bp-hm-\pw- \-∑- ∂v- ]-Tn-°p-I-bpw- A-Xv- Po-hn-X-Øn¬- ]-
∂- k-t¥m-jhm¿-Ø- A-dn-bn-°p-I-bpw- Iƒ- sN-øp-hm-\p-ap-≈- {]-tNm-Z\ - w.- A-√m- I¿-Øp-I-bpw- sN-ø¬- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-bp-
sN-øp-∂p''- (17:-9).- lp-hpw- A-h-s≥-d- Zq-X-\pw- \-∑-bm-bn- ]- s-S- I-S-a-bm-Wv.-
ssZ-h-Zq-X-∑m¿- \-∑-I-fn¬- [r-Xn-Im- Tn-∏n-®sX-t¥m- A-sX-√mw- \-∑-bpw- Xn- "".......-\-√-sX-¥v- \n-ßƒ- s]-øp-I-bm-
Wn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p-:- ∑-bm-bn- Nq-≠n-°m-ń-b-sX-t¥m- A-sX- sW-¶n-epw- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-√m-lp- A-
√mw- Xn-∑-bp-am-sW-∂v- D-d-®p-hn-iz-kn-°p- X-dn-bp-∂-h-\m-Ip-∂p''- (2:-215)-.-
""......-Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-h¿- ({]-hm-N-I- ∂-h-\m-Wv- H-cp- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn.- A-Y-hm-
∑m¿)- \-∑-I-fn-te-°v- [r-Xn-Im-Wn-°p-I- ""A-t∏mƒ- B¿- H-cW - p-hn-s≥-d- Xq-°w-
C-kv-emw- Xn-∑-sb-∂p- ]-d-™- H-cp- Im-
bpw- B-in-®p-sIm-≠pw- t]-Sn-®p-sIm-≠pw- \-∑- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p-thm- A-h-\-Xv- Im-
cyw \-∑b - m-sW-t∂m- \-∑s - b-∂p- ]-d™- -
\-tΩm-Sv- {]m¿-Yn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-h-cm- Wpw''- (99:-7).--
H-cp- Im-cyw- Xn-∑-bm-sW-t∂m- I-cp-Xp-hm-
bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿- \-tΩm-Sv- Xm-gv-a- Im-Wn- \p-≈- A-h-Im-iw- H-cp- hn-i-zm-kn-°n-√.- ""h-√h - \
- pw- H-cp- \-∑- sIm-≠p-h∂ - m¬
°p-∂-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p-''- (21:-90).- A-h-∂v- A-Xn-s≥-d- ]-Xn-∑-S-ßv- e-`n-°p-
sN-dp-Xpw- h-ep-Xp-am-b- A-\-h-[n- \-
\-∑-I-fn¬- [r-Xn-s∏-´p- ap-t∂-dp-∂h- ∂-Xm-Wv.- h-√-h-\pw- H-cp- Xn-∑- sIm-≠p-
∑-Iƒ- C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.- B- \-
cp-sS- Kp-W-ßƒ- A-√m-lp- hn-h-cn-°p-∂- h-∂m¬- A-Xn-\p- Xp-e-y-am-b- {]-Xn-^-ew-
∑-Iƒ- kz-Po-hn-X-Øn¬- ]-I¿-Øp-∂X-v-
Xp- Im-Wp-I-:- am-{X-sa- A-h∂ - v- \¬-Is - ∏-Sp-Ib
- p-≈q.- A-
]p-Wy-I¿-a-am-sW-∂v- C-kv-emw- A-dn-bn-
h-tcm-Sv- bm-sXm-c-\o-Xn-bpw- Im-Wn-°-s∏-
""Xo¿-®b - m-bpw- X-ßf - p-sS- c-£n-Xm-hn- °p-∂p.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()- kw-`-h-_-lp-
Sp-I-bn-√''- (6:-161).- -
s\-∏‰ - n-bp-≈- `-bØ - m¬- \-Sp-ßp-∂h - c
- pw,- e-am-b- X-s≥-d- Po-hn-X-Øn-eq-sS- A-h-sb-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 4
]-{Xm-[n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-
Z-Av-h-Øv-:-
co-Xn-im-kv-{X-hpw- am¿-K-ß-fpw-
"C-kv-em-an-I- {]-t_m-[-\-c-K-Øv- {]-h-m-N-I-∑m-cpw- A-\p-bm-bn-I-fpw- kzo-I-cn-®- A-tX- coXn-

im-kv-{Xw- X-s∂- kzo-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂v- \n-ßƒ- ]-d-bp-∂p.- H-∏w-X-s∂- Z-Av-h-Øv- \-S-Øp-hm≥-
]p-Xn-b- am¿-K-ßƒ- kzo-I-cn-°m-sa-∂-v hm-Zn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- C-Xv- sshcp-[y-a-t√?'-
"A-√.- A-√m-lp- ]-Tn-∏n-®- a-X-am-Wv- C-kv-emw.- A-Xn-\v- Nn-e- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\m-Z¿-i-ß-fp-≠v.-
Cu- B-Z¿-i-ß-fm-Wv- A-Xn-s‚- A-Sn-Ø-d.- {]-kv-Xp-X- B-Z¿-i-ßƒ- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂-h¿- \n¿_-
\v-[-am-bpw- A-\p-jv-Tn-®n-cn-t°-≠- I¿-a-ß-fp-≠v.- A-h-cp-sS- Po-hn-X-Øn¬- ]n-¥p-S-tc-≠- hn-[n-
I-fp-≠v-;- Hgn-™p-\n¬-t°-≠- hn-e-°p-I-fp-ap-≠v.- C-kv-em-an-s‚- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\mZ¿-i-ßƒ- a-\pjy-
a-\- p-I-fn¬- ]-cn-h-¿-Ø-\-Øn-s‚- Im-‰p-ho-ip-∂-h-bm-Wv-.- Cu- ]-cn-h¿-Ø-\-am-Wv- hn-izm-kn-I-
sf- I¿-a-am¿-K-Øn-te-°pw- hn-[n-hn-e-°p-I-fn-te-°pw- \-bn-°p-∂-Xv.- {]-hm-N-I∑m-sc-√mw- BZ¿-
i-{]-t_m-[-\-Øn-\v- {]-Y-a- {]m-[m-\yw- \¬-In-b-Xv- A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv.- C-kv-emw- a-\p-jy-a-\ p-
I-sf- t\-Sp-hm-\m-Wv- {i-an-°p-∂-Xv-;- i-co-c-ß-sf- t\-Sp-hm-\-√.- a-\- n¬- am-‰-ap-≠m-h-W-sa-¶n¬-
B-Z¿-iw- lr-Z-b-Øn-te-°v- k-∂n-th-in-°-Ww.- ]-c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\pw- \o-Xn-am-\pw- kq-£v-a-PvR-
\pw- k¿-hi - I- vX
- \- p-am-b- A-√m-lp-hn-s\- A-dn-bp-Ib - pw- A-hs - \- am-{Xw- B-cm-[n-°p-Ib- pw- acWm-
\-¥-c- Po-hn-X-Øn-se- c-£m-in-£-I-fn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-I-bpw- kz¿-K-{]-th-iw-- P-o-hn-X-Øn-s‚-
e-£y-am-bn- Im-Wp-I-bpw- ssZ-hn-I-t_m-[-\-ß-fm-Wv- \-∑-Xn-∑-I-sf- hyh-tO-Zn-°p-∂-sX-∂v-
a-\- n-em-°p-I-bpw- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-Øn-eq-sS-bpw- {]-hm-N-I-N-cy-bneq-sS-bpw- hy-Iv-X-am-°-s∏-´- \∑-
Iƒ- kzo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw- Xn-∑-Iƒ- sh-Sn-bp-I-bpw- sN-ø-W-sa-∂m-Wv- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc-√mw- ]-Tn-
∏n-®-Xv.- Xu-lo-Zv,- B-Jn-d-Øv,- cn-km-e-Øv- F-∂o- km-t¶-Xn-I- i-_v-Z-ßƒ- {]-Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-
∂Xv- Cu- B-i-b-sØ-b-m-Wv.- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc-√mw- \n¿-h-ln-®- Z-Av-h-Øn-s‚- co-Xn-im-kv-{Xw-
H-∂p-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- Xu-lo-Zo- {]-t_m-[-\-Øn-\m-Wv- A-h¿- {]-Y-a- {]m-[m-\yw- \¬-In-bXv.-
B-Jn-d-Øn-s\-bpw- cn-km-e-Øn-s\-bpw- Ip-dn-®- t_m-[y-ap-≠m-°n-s°m-≠m-Wv- A-h¿- P-\-ß-
sf- kw-kI v- c- n-®X- v.- \-Ωp-sS {]-t_m-[\ - h
- pw- Cu- am¿-Kt- c-J- D-ƒs
- °m-≠p-sIm-≠m-hW - w.- BZ¿i-
{]-t_m-[-\-Øn-\m-h-Ww- \mw- H-∂mw- kv-Ym-\w- \¬-tI-≠-Xv.- F-∂m¬- Xu-lo-Zo- {]-t_m-[-\-
Øn-\v- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc-√mw- kzo-I-cn-®-Xv- H-tc- am¿-K-a-√-;- A-h-c-h-cp-sS- k-aq-l-Øn-\v- D-X-Ip-∂-
co-Xn-bn¬,- {]-t_m-[n-Xc - p-sS- a-\
- n¬- am-‰a
- p-≠m-°m≥- ]-‰p-∂- hn-[Ø - n-ep-≈- hy-Xy-kvX- - am¿K-
ßƒ- A-h¿- kzo-I-cn-®p.- H-tc- {]-hm-N-I≥- X-s∂- {]-t_m-[n-X-cp-sS- \n-e-]m-Sn-\pw- \n-e-hm-c-
Øn-\p-a-\p-k-cn-®v- hy-Xy-kv-X- co-Xn-I-fn¬- {]-t_m-[-\- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ- \-S-Øn-b-Xm-bn-
ImWm\m-hpw.- C-_v-dm-lnw- \-_n-()-bp-sS- D-Zm-l-c-Ww- t\m-°p-I.- A-t±-lw- ]n-Xm-hn-t\m-Sv-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 5
kwkmcn-®- co-Xn-bn-e-√- cm-Pm-hn-t\m-Sv- kw-km-cn-®-Xv-;- hn-{K-lm-cm-[-I¿-°v- ap-ºn¬- G-I-ssZ-
hm-cm-[-\-bp-sS- {]-k-Iv-Xn- t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv- t]m-se-b-√- \-£-{X- ]q-P-I¿-°v- tKm-f-]q-
Pbp-sS- \n-c¿-Y-I-X- hy-Iv-X-am-°n-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xv.- A-¥n-a- {]-hm-N-I-s\-()-sb-Sp-°p-I.- a-°m-
ap-iv-cn-°p-I-sf- A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\- sN-bv-X-t]m-se-b-√- th-Z°m-cp-am-bn- A-t±-lw- kw-h-Zn-®-Xv-.-
A-ßm-Sn-bn¬- {]-kw-Kn-°p-∂- {]-hm-N-I-s‚- co-Xn-bpw- cm-Pm-°-∑m¿-°v- I-sØ-gp-Xp-∂- {]-hm-
N-I-s‚- co-Xn-bpw- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-Wv- Hm-tcm- {]-hm-N-I-\pw- Im-e-Øn-\pw- k-aq-l-Øn-s‚- {K-lW-
ti-jn-°p-a\ - p-kc - n-®v- hy-Xy-kXv- - co-Xn-Iƒ- {]-t_m-[\ - Ø- n-\v- th-≠n- D-]t- bm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p.- F∂m¬-
Cu- co-Xn-I-fn-eq-sS-sb-√mw- A-h¿- {]-t_m-[-\w- sN-bv-X-Xv- Xu-lo-Zpw- B-Jn-d-Øpw- cn-km-e-
Øpw- X-s∂-bm-Wv.- {]-t_m-[-\-Øn-∂v- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS- co-Xn-im-kv-{Xw- X-s∂-bm-Wv,- hn-´p-
ho-gv-N-I-fn-√m-sX,- \mw- ]n-¥p-S-tc-≠-Xv- F-¶n-epw,- C-kv-em-an-I- hn-cp-≤-a-√m-Ø- hy-Xy-kv-X- am¿K-
ß-fn-eq-sS- B-Z¿-i- {]-t_m-[-\w- \n¿-h-ln-°m-sa-∂v- \mw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬- \n∂p-
X-s∂- am-Xr-I-bpƒ-s°m-≠p-sIm-≠m-Wv- F-∂¿-∞w'.-
"F-¶n¬- ]n-s∂-- ss{I-kv-X-h- an-j-\-dn-am-sc-t]m-se,- km-aq-ly- tk-h-\- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fneq-
sS- \-ap-°pw- B-Z¿-i-{]-t_m-[-\w- \-S-Øn-°q-sS?'-
"B-Z¿-i-{]-t_m-[-\-Øn-\v- km-aq-ly-tk-h-\- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fp-sS- A-I-º-Sn- th-W-sa-∂v-
]-d-bp-tºmƒ- \mw- am-Xr-I-bm-°p-∂-Xv- ss{I-kv-X-h- an-j-\-dn-am-sc-bm-Wv-;- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc-b√.-
A-hn-sS- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS- co-Xn-im-kv-{X-sØ-bm-Wv- \mw- A-ń-a-dn-°m≥- {i-an-°p-∂-Xv.- {]-hm-
N-I-∑m-cp-sS- Im-e-Øpw- P-\-ß-ƒ-°n-S-bn¬- Zp-cn-X-hpw- {]-bm-k-ß-fp-sa-√mw- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.-
{]-kvX - p-X- Zp-cn-Xh- pw- {]-bm-kß - f - pw- \o-°p-hm≥- X-ßs - f-s°m-≠v- I-gn-bp-∂- co-Xn-bn¬- {]hmN-
I-∑m-sc-√mw- ]-cn-{i-an-°p-Ib - pw- sN-bvX - n-´p-≠v.- F-∂m¬- Zp-cn-Xm-izm-kt- Øm-sSm-∏a - p-≈- BZ¿i-
{]-t_m-[-\-sa-∂- am-Xr-I- A-h-cn-sem-∂p-w- X-s∂- Im-Wm≥- \-ap-°v- I-gn-bn-√.- ]m-h-s∏-´-h-sc-
k-lm-bn-°p-hm-\pw- A-K-Xn-Iƒ-°v- B-izm-k-a-cp-fp-hm-\pw- Zp-cn-X-ßƒ- Zq-co-I-cn-°p-hm-\p-ap-≈-
{]-hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS- ]-cn-{i-a-ß-fp-sS- e-£yw- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- {]o-Xn- am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p.- X-ß-fpsS-
km-aq-ly-tk-h-\- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ- P-\w- Im-W-W-sa-∂pw- A-ß-s\- A-h¿- X-ß-fp-sS- B-Z¿-
i-Øn-s‚- a-lØ - z- w- a-\ - n-em-°W - s - a-∂pw- {]-hm-NI - ∑- m-cm-sc-¶n-epw- I-cp-Xn-bn- c
- p-∂X - m-bn- {]am-
W-ß-sfm-∂pw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√.- P-\w- Im-W-W-sa-∂v- B-{K-ln-°p-∂-tXm-sS-X-s∂- tk-h-\-
{]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fp-sS- B-Xv-am-hv- tNm¿-∂p-t]m-Ip-sa-∂pw- A-h- sN-dn-b- in¿-°m-bn- (A-√m-lp-
hn¬- ]-¶p-tN¿-°¬)- ]-cn-W-an-°p-sa-∂p-am-Wv- l-Zo-Yp-Iƒ- \¬-Ip-∂- ]m-Tw.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-
s∂-bm-Wv- ss{I-kv-Xh-¿- kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se- {]-tem-`-\ß-fn-eq-sS-b-p-≈- {]-t_m-[-\-sa-
∂- B-i-b-Øn-\v- C-kv-em-an¬- kvYm-\-an-s√-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- km-aq-ly-tk-h-\- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ-
°v- {]-t_m-[-I¿- bm-sXm-cp- {]m[m-\y-hpw- \¬-tI-≠-Xn-s√-∂-√- C-∏-d-™-Xn-\¿-Y-w.- Zp-cn-Xm-
izm-k- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fpw- {]-bm-k-ßƒ- Zq-co-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bp-≈ b-Pv-R-ß-fpw- H-cm-fp-sS- C-
kv-em-an-I- hy-Iv-Xn-Xz-Øn-s‚- `m-K-am-Wv.- A-h- sN-øm-Ø-h¿- a-X-sØ- hym-P-am-°p-∂-h-cm-sW-
∂m-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- \¬-Ip-∂- ]m-Tw (107:-1˛4)-.- H-cp- ap-kv-enw- A-h- sN-øp-∂-Xv- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚-
{]o-Xn- am-{Xw- D-t±-in-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv-.- a-X-{]-t_m-[-\-am-I-s´- P-\-ß-fp-sS- a-\- v- am-‰p-∂-Xn-\v-
th-≠n-bp-≈-Xm-Wv.- B-Z¿-iw- ]-®-bmbn,- {]-t_m-[n-X¿-°v- a-\- n-em-Ip-∂- co-Xn-bn¬,- A-h-cn-
te-°v- F-Øn-°m-\m-hp-∂- \n-jn-≤-a√m-X- am-[y-a-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn-®v,- A-h¿-°v- F-Øn-°p-I-bm-
Wv- {]-t_m-[-I¿- sN-tø-≠-Xv-;- AXm-Wv- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc-√mw- sN-bv-X-Xv.-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 6
K-th-j-Ww-
tSm-_n- se-kv-‰-dp-sS- "F-¥m-Wv- Jp¿-B-

≥'- F-∂- te-J-\w- 1999 P-\p-h-cn- am-k-
Øn¬- A-‰v-em‚n-Iv- am-kn-I-bn¬- {]-kn-
≤o-I-cn-®p-h-∂-Xm-Wv.- Jp¿-B\ -- n-ep-≈- ap-
kv-enw-I-fp-sS- A-\v-[-am-b- hn-izm-k-sØ-
X-I¿-°m-\pw- A-ap-kvenw-Iƒ-°v- k-t¥m-
j-Ic - a- m-b- H-cp- A-hk - vY - - kr-jvS- n-°m-\pw-
ap≥-Iq-ń- \n¿-W-bn-°-s∏-´- co-Xn-bn-em-Wv-
A-Xv- F-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≈X - v- F-∂v- tXm-∂p-∂p.-
Cu- te-J-\w- e-£y-am-°p-∂-Xv- {]-kv-Xp-
X- te-J-\-Øn-se- hm-Z-ß-sf-bpw- A-Xn-
eq-sS- hn-Z-Kv-[-¿- kr-jv-Sn-®,-- Jp-B\n-s‚-
N-cn-{X-]-c-am-b- \n-e-\n¬-]n-s\- ]-‰n-bp-≈-
A-\n-ivN - n-XX - z-sØ-bpw-- B-ib - °
- p-g∏ - ß-
sf-bpw-- hn-a¿-i-\m-Xv-a-I-am-bn- hn-e-bn-cp-
Øp-I-bm-Wv.- Fw.-- Fw.-- A-km-an-bp-sS- G-
‰-hpw- ]p-X-n-b- ]p-kv-X-I-sØ- B-[m-c-am-
°n h-f-sc- k-c-f-am-bpw- ]-Wv-Un-tXm-Nn-
X-am-bpw- B-Wv- Cu- hn-j-bw- Rm≥- Cu-
te-J-\-Øn¬- N¿-®- sN-øp-∂-Xv.--
C-ke v- m-an-s‚- N-cn-{X-hpw- ]m-cº - c
- y-hpw-
A-dn-bm-Ø,- A-√-mlp-- F-ßs\-bm-Wv- H-
cn-°-epw- sX-‰p-]-‰m-sX- Du¿-P-kz-e-am-bn-
Jp-¿B - \ - n-s\-- Im-Øp-kq-£n-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v-
Jp¿-B\ -- n-s‚- bm-Ym¿-Y-yw:--
F-∂v- I-cp-Xp-∂-h-sc-bpw- Jp-¿-B-≥- im-
kv-{X-sØ-bpw- ]m-c-º-cy-sØ-bpw -Ip-dn-®v-
hn-Pv-Rm-\-ap-≈-h-sc-bpw- k-Xy-hn-cp-≤-am- b-a-\n- ap-kv-l-^p-I-fpw-
b- Cu- dn-t∏m¿-ńw-Kv- H-cp-t]m-se- A-kz-
kvY- c - m-°n.-- X-ßf - p-sS a-Xs - Ø-bpw- hn-izm-
k-sØ-bpw- I-f-¶-s∏-Sp-Øm≥- Ip-cn-ip-bp-
≤-ßƒ-- ho-≠pw- B-cw-`n-°p-∂p-h-t√m-
]m-iv-Nm-Xy- hn-a¿-i-\-hpw-
Ft∂m¿-Øv- A-h-sc-√mw- hn-lz-e-cm-bn.- D-ssha-n¿- A≥Pp-w-
a-X-\n-c-t]-£- hn-a¿-i-\-ßƒ- F-ß-
s\-bm-tWm- ss_-_n-fn-s\- I-≈-{]-am-W-
ß-fp-sS- H-cp- ti-J-c-am-°n-b-Xv- A-Xp-t]m-
se-X-s∂- X-s‚- a-X-\n-c-t]-£- \n-e-]m- ∂pw- A-kzm-kvY - y-P\
- I
- a
- m- s
- W-∂pw- ap-kve
- nw-Iƒ- I-cp-Xp-∂p-≠v.- ss_-_nƒ- ]p\¿-
SpIƒ-sIm-≠v- Jp-¿-B-\n-s\-bpw- B-{I-an- hym-Jym-\n-°m-\p-≈- {i-a-ßƒ- F-ß-s\-bm-tWm- {In-kv-Xym-\n-I-sf- th-Z-\n-∏n-
°m-sa-∂v- I-cp-Xn- se-kv-‰¿- B-Àm-Z-`cn- ®-Xv,- A-Xp-t]m-se- X-s∂-bm-Wn-Xv ap-kv-enw-I-sf- th-Z-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- F-∂m¬-
X-\m-bn- F-∂v- tXm-∂p-∂p.- ]-t£,- A- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- Dƒ-s∏-sS- [m-cm-fw- ]-Wv-Un-X¿- Jp-¿-B-\n-s≥-d-- N-cn-{X-]-c-am-b- hn-
t±-l-Øn-s‚- K-th-j-W-ßƒ- A-t±-lw- e-bn-cp-Ø¬- C-kv-em-an-I- \-thm-∞m-\-Øn-\v- k-lm-b-I-c-am-Ip-sa-∂pw- C-kv-em-
F-¥m-tWm- B-{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv- A-Xn-\v- an-I- ]m-c-º-cy-ßƒ-°v- i-Iv-X-am-b- H-cp- A-Sn-Ø-d- kr-jv-Sn-°p-sa-∂pw- C-kv-em-an-
t\¿- hn-]co-X-Øn-em-Wv- A-t±-l-sØ- s‚- ap-t∂m-´p-≈- Ip-Xn-∏n-\v- B-°w- Iq-´p-sa-∂pw- hn-Nm-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.- A-Xp-sIm-
sIm-≠p-sN-s∂-Øn-°p-∂X - v.- A-t±-lØ - n- ≠p-X-s∂- ]-Wv-Un-X-cp-sS- hm-Z-{]-Xn-hm-Z-sa-∂-Xn-\p-]-cn- C-Ø-cw- hn-Nm-c-[m-c-Iƒ-
s‚- hm-°p-Iƒ- {i-≤n-°p-I-:- ""b-a-\n-- en- °v- \-thm-∞m-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw- ]-cn-jv-Im-c-ß-fp-sS-bpw- N-cn-{Xw- hn-i-Z-am-°p-∂-Xp-
Jn-X-ß-fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- Jp¿- t]m-se- h-f-sc- i-Iv-X-am-b- H-cp- km-aq-ly-am-‰-Øn-\v- t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-Im≥- I-gnbpw.-
B≥- ]p-\¿-hym-Jym-\n-°m-\p-≈- a-X-\n- tem-I-sØ- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- H-cp- P-\-hn-`m-K-Øn¬- B-i-b-]-c-am-b- kzm-[o-\w-
c-t]-£- {i-a-ßƒ- I-S-∂m-{I-an-°-em-sW- sN-ep-Øp-∂- {K-\v-Y-am-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- F-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v- {]-tXy-In-®pw''.-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 7
B-\n-s‚- B-Zy-Im-e- N-cn-{Xw- a-‰p-]-e-cpw- kw-i-bn-®-Xn-s\-
°m-fpw- tNm-Zy-Nn-lv-\-ßƒ- D-b-¿-Øp-∂-h-bm-Wv,- Jp¿-B≥-
B-[n-Im-cn-I-X- Ip-d-™-Xm-Wv- F-∂v- am-{X-a-√,- A-kv-Yn-c-hp-
am-Wv''.-
apk-v-enw-I-fp-sS- {]-Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ- {i-≤n-°m-Ø,- ]m-iv-Nm-
Xy¿- ss[-cy-]q¿-hw- Jp¿-B\n--s‚- N-cn-{X-sØ- A-\m-h-c-Ww-
sN-øp-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n- se-kv-‰¿- h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw- hm-Nm-e-\m-hp-
∂p-≠v.- \-Ω-f-dn-bp-∂- C-kv-em-an-s‚- N-cn{Xw- sX-‰m-sW-∂v-
k¬-am≥- dp-jv-Zn-sb-bpw- C-{km-tb-en-se- P-dp-k-tew- bq-Wn-
th-gv-kn-‰n- s{]m-^k¿-- b-lqZ-m-s\thm-sb-bpw- D-≤-cn-®v- At±-
lw- k-a¿-Y-n-°p-∂p!-- b-lq-Zm-s\thm-bp-sS- A-`n-{]m-bw- A-td-
_ybn¬- hn-{K-lm-cm-[-I-tcm- a-Zo-\-bn¬- Pq-X-∑m-tcm- D-≠m-
bn-cp-∂n-√ F-∂m-Wv.- ]-{So-jym-tIm-∂n-s‚- hm-Z-K-Xn- C-kv-emw-
H-cp- Pq-X- sa-kn-bm-\n-Iv- {]-kv-Ym-\w- B-sW-∂pw- J-p-¿-B-
\pw- lZo-Y-pw- lnPv-d- aq-∂mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- sI-ń-®-a-°-s∏-´-Xm-
sW-∂p-am- W - v.- sP-bnw-kv- s_-t√-\n-bm-Is
- ´,- ap-kve
- nw-Iƒ- ssZ-
h-h-N-\-ßƒ- \-∂m-°n-sb-Sp-°m-\p-≈- Pq-X- {In-kv-Xy≥- {ia-
ßƒ- A-\pI-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬- ]n-t∂m-°-°m-cm-Wv- F-∂- A-`n-
{]m-bw- sh-®p-]p-e¿-Øp-∂p.- am-{X-a-√,- kz-bw- h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw-
t`-Z-K-Xn-Iƒ- Jp¿-B≥- ]-cn-jv-Im-c-Øn-\m-bn- A-t±-lw- \n¿-
tZ-in-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.-
15,-000tØm-fw- Jp¿-B≥- Xm-fp-Iƒ- X-s‚- k-l-{]-h¿-Ø- se-kv-‰¿- X-s‚- te-J-\-Øn¬- ]n-∂o-Sv- D-Zm-l-cn-°p-∂-Xv,-
I-\m-b- tUm¨- t_m-Xv-a-dn-t\m-sSm-∏w- hn-i-I-e-\w- sN-bv-X- ssZ-h-\n-μy-am-b- C-Ø-cw- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy- ]-T-\-ßƒ-s°-Xn-cn¬-
I-ø-£-c-hn-Z-Kv-[-≥- sP¿-kv- B¿.- ]p-bn-s‚- \n-co-£-W-ßƒ- hm-Zn-°m-t\m- F-Xn¿-°m-t\m D-≈- I-gn-hv- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ-°n√;-
se-kv-‰¿- X-s‚- te-J-\-Øn-ep-S-\o-fw- D-≤-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.- P¿- hn-Im-c-]-c-am-bn- {]-Xn-I-cn-°m-t\ A-h¿-°v- I-gn-hp-≈q F-∂m-
a≥-Im-c-\m-b- ]p-bn-s‚- hm-°p-I-ƒ-:-- ""b-a≥- `-c-W-Iq-Sw- A-ap- Wv-.- Xp-S¿-∂v- A-t±-lw- sN-øp-∂-Xv- C-kv-em-an-I- k-aq-l-sØ-
kv-en-am-b- H-cmƒ- Jp¿-B≥- K-th-j-Ww- \-S-Øn-b-Xv- ]-c-a- (D-Ω-Øv)-Ip-dn-®v- hn-h-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- ti-jw- aq-∂m-a-sØ- J-
cl-ky-am-°n-sh-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- Im-c-Ww- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- bp-Iv-Xn- eo-^bm-b-- D-Y-vam-s‚- (644˛656)- Jp¿-B≥- ]-{Xm-[n-]- k-an-Xn-
]-c-am-bn- Nn-¥n-°m-Ø-h-cpw- s]-s´-∂v- {]-Xn-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cpw- sb-°p- d- n-®v- ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂p.- (Cu- k-an-Xn- D-≠m-°n-bX
- v- Jp¿-
h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T- ]-T-\-ß-fpw- k-ao-]-\-ßfpw- Dƒ-s°m-≈m-Ø- B≥- F-Un-‰v- sN-øm-\-√,- k-am-l-c-W-Øn-\v- th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-
h-cp-am-Wv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- A-h¿- A-Xn-s\- F-Xn¿-°p-∂p.- Ah- ∂p).- ""Cu- k-an-Xn- ap-l-Ω-Zn-s‚-()- k-l-{]-h¿-Ø-I¿- Hm¿-
sc- kw-_-\v-[n-®n-S-tØm-fw- Jp¿-B≥- N-cn-{X-sØ-°p-dn-®v- F- an-°p-∂-Xpw- F-gp-Xn-b-Xp-am-b- en-Jn-X-ßƒ- ti-J-cn-°p-I-bpw-
¥m-tWm- ]-d-tb-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv- A-Xv- B-bn-cw- sIm-√-ßƒ-°v- A-Xv- D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn- C-∂-sØ- co-Xn-bn-ep-≈- Jp¿-B≥-
ap-ºp-X-s∂- ]-d-™p-I-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p''.- \n¿-an-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp''.-
A-d-_n- I-ø-£-c- hn-Z-Kv-[-\m-b- ]p-bn≥- Xm≥- I-≠p-]n-Sn- te-J\ - Ø
- n-s‚- aq-∂m-as
- Ø-bpw- A-hk - m-\s
- Ø-bpw- `mKw-
®- F-√m- h-kv-Xp-X-I-fpw- ssa-t{Im- ^n-en-an-em-°n- P¿-a-\n-bn- C-Xp-t]m-se-bp-≈-- sX-fn-hp-Iƒ-(!)- \n-d-™-Xm-Wv.- ^-k-ep¿-
te-°v- I-S-Øn-°-gn-™p.- A-hn-sS-h-®v- a-‰v- ]-Wv-Un-X¿-Iq-Sn- d-lav- m≥,- \m-k¿- A-_q-ssk-Zv- Xp-Sß- n-b- ]p-tcm-Ka
- \
- - ap-kvenw-
kq-£v-a- ]-cn-ti-m-[-\- \-S-Øn- ]p-Xn-b- I-s≠-Ø¬- kz-X-{¥- ]-Wv-Un-X¿- Jp¿-B\n-s‚- B-[n-Im-cn-I-Xsb-- tNm-Zyw- sN-bv-
am-bn- {]-kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øpw.- A-ß-s\- ""ss_-_n-fn-s\-t]m-se- Xn-cp-∂p- F-∂v- A-t±-lw- {]-kv-Xm-hn-°p-∂p.- C-Xv- ]q¿-W-am-
Jp¿-B-\pw- H-cp- N-cn-{X-ap-s≠-∂v- sX-fn-bn-°m-\m-Ipw''.- AXm- bpw- sX-‰m-Wv.- ^-k-ep¿-d-lv-am≥- hm-kv-X-h-Øn¬- hm≥-kv-
b-Xv- a-\p-jy-cm¬- sI-ń-®-a-°-s∏-´,- Xn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ- h-cp-Øn- t{_m-bp-sS,-- Jp¿-B≥- sI-ń-®-a-®-Xm-sW-∂- B-tcm-]-W-Øn-
b,- ]m-I-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- H-cp- N-cn-{X-am-Wv- Jp¿-B-\n-t‚-sX-∂v- s\-Xn-sc- ]-Wv-Un-tXm-Nn-X-am-b- hn-a¿-i-\w- F-gp-Xp-I-bm-Wv-
A-h¿- kv-Ym-]n-°pw.- se-kv-‰¿- D-≤-cn-°p-∂- ]p-bn-s‚- hm-°p- sN-bv-X-Xv.- Cu- ap-kv-enw- ]p-tcm-K-a-\- hm-Zn-Iƒ- bm-Ym-kv-Yn-
Iƒ- C-Xm-Wv:- - ""Cu- tXm¬-Ij- vW
- ß- ƒ- A-Xn-\v- \-Ωs
- f- {]m]v- Xn-I-a-√m-Ø- A-`n-{]m-b-ß-fpw- k-ao-]-\-ß-fpw- sh-®p-]p-e¿-
X-cm-°pw''.- Øn-bn-cp-∂-h-cm-Wv- F-∂-Xv- i-cn-bm-Wv.- F-∂m¬- A-h-scm-
B≥-{Uq- dn-∏n≥- F-∂- I-t\-Un-b≥- s{]m-^-k¿- Jp¿- ∂pw- Jp¿-B\n-s‚- B-[n-Im-cn-I-X-sb- tNm-Zyw- sN-bv-Xn-ń-√.-
B≥- ]-T-\-ß-fn¬- hn-Z-Kv-[-\m-Wv.- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- A-`n-{]m- A-h-cp-sS- k-ao-]-\-ß-fn-epw- A-`n-{]m-b-ß-fn-epap-≈- sX-‰mb-
b-Øn¬- ""hy-Xy-kv-X- b-a-\o-kv- en-Jn-X-ß-fp-sS- hym-Jym-\- \n-e-]m-Sp-Iƒ- ap-kv-enw- ]-Wv-Un-X¿- F-t∏m-gpw- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-
ßƒ,- h-cn-I-fp-sS- {I-aw- F-∂n-h- h-f-sc- kp-{]-[m-\-am-Wv.- ®n-´p-ap-≠v.-
CXn-se-√m-h¿-°pw- G-Im-`n-{]m-ba
- m-Wv.- Cu- en-Jn-Xß
- ƒ- Jp¿- se-kv-‰-dn-s‚- A-h-Im-i-hm-Z-ß-sf- \-ap-°v- C-ß-s\- X-cw-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 8
X-sc- am-‰n-\n¿-Øn- b-a-≥- k¿-°m¿- C-t±-l-sØ- £-Wn-®-Xv?-
- \n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´- ]-Wv-Un-X¿- H-cn-°-epw- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-am-
hm-t\m- kq-£v-a- kw-th-Z-\-£-a-X-bp-≈-h-cm-hm-t\m- bYm¿-
Y-Øn¬- {i-an-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-ep-an-√.- A-h-cp-sS- D-t±-i-hpw- {]-
b-Xv-\-hpw- Jp¿-B≥- sI-ń-®-a-®-Xm-sW-∂v- sX-fn-bn-°m-\m-
Wv.- A-√m-sX- A-Xv- sI-ń-®-a-®-tXm- A-√-tbm- F-∂v- k-Xy-am-
bn- A-dn-bm-\-√.- C-°m-cy-Øn¬- tem-I-Øn-se- ap-k-venw-Iƒ-
°v- H-cp- ap-kv-enw- K-h¨-sa‚ v- C-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈- {]-h¿-Øn-
Iƒ- sN-øp-∂-Xn-\p-≈- D-Xv-I-Wv-T- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øm≥- am-{X-sa-
I-gn-bq.-
A-Sp-Ø- {]iv\ - w- F-¥p-sIm-≠v- A-‰ve - m‚n-Iv- am-kn-I- CXv-
{]-kn-≤-s∏Sp-Øn- F-∂-Xm-Wv.- Cu- te-J-\-Øn-s‚- H-cp- hn-
a¿-i-I≥- Nq-≠n°m-Wn-®-Xp-t]m-se- \n-cp-Ø-c-hm-Zn-bpw- sXm-
gn¬- ]-cn-N-b-an-√m-Øh-\p-am-b-- H-cm-sf- C-{X-bpw- `m-cn-®- tPm-
Xn-cn-°mw:
en- F-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv- G¬-]n-®-Xv-?- tSm-_n-se-kv-‰¿-°v- C-kv-
1.- b-a-\n- en-Jn-X-ß-fp-sS- I-s≠-Ø¬- h-f-sc- {]i-kv-X- em-an-I- ]-T-\-Øn¬- H-cp- hn-Zym-`ym-k-hp-an-√.- b-a-\n¬- c-≠p-
am-Wv.- h¿-jw- k-am-[m-\- tk-\b - p-sS- Iq-sS- tPm-en- sN-bvX- X
- pw- c≠p-
2.- Cu- en-Jn-X-ßƒ- a-X-\n-c-t]-£- ]-Wv-Un-X-cp-sS- Jp¿- h¿-jw- bp-.- F-∂n-s‚- sh-kv-‰v- _m-¶n-se- A-`-bm¿-Yn-- Hm-ô-
B\ns\- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-am-bn- hym-Jym-\w- sN-øm-\p-≈- {i-a- k-dm-bn- tPm-en- sN-bv-Xp- F-∂-Xpw- am-{X-am-Wv- A-t±-l-Øn-
ß-sf- k-lm-bn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.- s‚- tbm-Ky-X.- A-ta-cn-°-bn-se-- H-cp- k-μ¿-i-I- ap-kv-enw- hn-
3.- Cu- im-kv-{Xo-b- {i-a-ßƒ- a-X-\n-jv-T-bp-≈- ap-kv-enw- Zym¿-Y-n-tbm-Sv- B-[p-\n-I- ss_-_nƒ- hn-a¿-i-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v-
I-sf- {]-tIm-]n-∏n-°pw.- Im-c-Ww- B-bn-c-tØm-fw- h¿-j-ß- ]-T\- w- X-bm-dm-°m≥- ]-db - p-∂X- p-t]m-se-bm-Wn-Xv.- A-s√¶n¬-
fm-bn- Jp¿-B≥- N-cn-{X-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- ]p-Xp-Xm- {In-kv-Xy≥- Nn-¥-sb-°-p-dn-®v- A-Pv-R-\m-b- H-cp- ap-kv-enw- Ip-
bn- F-s¥-¶n-epw- ]-d-bp-I-tbm- F-gp-Xp-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xn-ń-√.- Sn-tb-‰°- m-cs
- \- A-Xn-\v- \n-tbm-Kn-°p-∂X - p-t]m-se-bm-Wv.- Cu-
4.- Jp¿-B\n-s‚- hy-Xy-kv-X- hym-Jym-\-ß-fpw- h-cn-I-fp- te-J-\-Øn-\v- F-¥p-sIm-≠v- B-g-hpw- A¿-Y-hp-an-√- F-∂v- a-
sS- {I-a-hpw- Jp¿-B≥- ln-Pv-d- B-Zy- \q-‰m-≠n¬- Ir-Xy-am-bn- \- n-em-°m≥- C-Xp-X-s∂- [-m-cm-fw- a-Xn.- AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-
cp-∂n-√- F-∂v- b-a-\o-kv- en-Jn-X-ßƒ- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂-Xm-bn- F-\n-°v- A-Xn-s\-°-p-dn-®v- G-sd-sbm-∂pw- ]-d-bm-\n-√-Xm-\pw.-
F-√m-hc - pw- k-ΩX - n-°p-∂p.- C-Øc - Ø
- n-ep-≈- e-fn-Xh - pw- KqVm- hn-Z-Kv-[-s\-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂- tUm.- sP¿-kv- B¿.- ]p-bn≥- A-
Xva
- I
- h - p-am-b- hy-Xy-kYv- X
- I
- ƒ- {In-kXv- o-b- ]-cnjvI
- c
- W- w t]m- h-Km-l-a-√m-Ø-h-\pw-- ap≥-[m-c-W-bp-≈-h-\p-am-sW-∂v- ]p-b-n-
se- H-cp- km-aq-ly-am-‰w- C-kv-em-an-ep-≠m-°pw.- s‚- bp-Iv-Xn-]-c-a-√m-Ø- hn-a¿-i-\-ßƒ- F-Sp-Øp-Im-Wn-®v- hy-
5.- C-kv-emw- B-Jym-\-{]-Im-cw- X-s∂- J-eo-^- D-Y-vam≥- Iv-X-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.- se-kv-‰-dp-sS- te-J-\w- Iq-Sp-X-epw- B-{i-
Hcp- Jp¿-B≥- ]-{Xm-[n-]-k-an-Xn- cq-]o-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- B-Zy- bn-°p-∂-Xv- ]-pb-n≥- b-a-\o-kv- tXm¬- en-Jn-X-ß-fp-sS- I-≠p-
am-bn- H-cp- k-ºq¿-W- Jp¿-B≥- {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN- ]n-Sp-Ø-tØm-S-\p-_-\v-[n-®v- \-S-Øn-b- ]-T-\-ß-sf-bm-Wv.- ]-p-
bv-Xp.- C-Xn¬- G-‰-hpw- {]-k-Iv-X-am-b- `m-Kw- Jp¿-B≥- A-Xn- bn≥- A-d-_n- en-]n-I-fn¬- hn-Z-Kv-[-s\-¶n-epw- C-kv-em-an-I- hn-
s‚- B-Zy- \q-‰m-≠p-I-fn¬- kv-Yn-c-X- D-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√- F- j-b-ß-fn¬- ]-Wv-Un-X-\-√.- X-s‚- {]m-tZ-in-I- hm-Z-hpw- C-kv-
∂pw- C-∂-sØ- co-Xn-bn¬- ]-cn-ip-≤-hpw- a-X-]-c-am-bn- {I-ao-I- em-an-s\-°-p-dn-®p-≈- A-Pv-R-X-bpw- a-d-®p-sh-®m-Wv- A-t±-lw-
cn-®-Xpw- D-d-∏n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xpw- A-√m-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂-p-a-m-Wv.- Jp¿-B\n--s‚- hn-h¿-Ø-\-ß-sf-bpw- Jp-¿-B-s\-bpw H-cp-t]m-
se- Im-Wm≥- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ-°v- I-gn-bp-∂n-√- F-∂- Im-cyw- N¿-
C-Xn-s\-Xn-sc-bp-≈- Fw-.- Fw.-- B¿- A-km-an-bp-sS- i-Iv-X- ®- sN-øp-∂Xv.- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS- \n-e-]m-Sv- Jp¿-B≥- ap-l-Ω-Zv-
am-b- {]-Xn-I-c-Ww- Rm≥- A-h-km-\w- ap-t∂m-´p-sh-°mw.- B- \-_n-()-°v- A-d-_n-bn¬- ssZ-h-Øn¬-\n-∂v- In-ń-b- sh-fn-
Zyw- b-a-\o-kv- en-Jn-X-ß-fp-sS- kz-`m-h-sØ-bpw- tUm.- ]yqbn- ]m-Sp-Ifm-W- v- F-∂-Xm-Wv.- A-X- v- Io-dn-∏n-f¿-∂v- a-s‰m-cp- `m-j-
s‚- K-th-j-W-sØ-bpw- kq-£v-a-am-bn- ]-cn-tim-[n-°-s´.- bn-te-°v- hn-h¿-Ø-\w- sN-øm≥- {i-an-®m¬- A-Xv- hym-Jym-\-
b-a-\n- en-Jn-X-ß-fpw- tUm.- ]p--bn-s‚- K-th-j-W-hpw- ta- B-hp-I-bp-≈q.- b-Ym¿Y-hpw- au-en-I-hp-am-In-√.- F-{X- \-
H-cp- \n-an-jt- \-ct- Ø-°v- \-ap-°v- Cu- tNm-Zy-sØ-∏‰- n- Nn¥n- ∂m-bn- sN-bv-Xm-epw- ]-cn-`m-j-bn¬- F-t¥m- \-jv-S-s∏-Sp-∂p-
°mw.- F-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv- Hm-dn-b‚-en-kv-‰m-b- H-cp- P¿-a≥- h-f- ≠v.- ap-kv-enw- ]-Wv-Un-X¿- X-s∂- C-Ø-cw- hym-Jym-\-ßƒ- a-
sc- ]-c-ky-am-bn- H-cp- \m-W-hp-an-√m-sX- Jp¿-B\n-s‚- N-cn- ‰v- `m-j-I-fn-te-°v- hn-h¿-Ø-\w- sN-øp-∂p-≠v.- ]-t£,- ]-p-bn≥-
{Xw- sI-ń-®a - ®
- X- m-sW-∂pw- Xn-cp-Øn-bX - m-sW-∂p-sa-ms- °- sX- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- t\m-°p-I:-- ""ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- Jp¿-B≥- hym-Jym-\-
fn-bn-°m≥- Xm¬-]-cy-s∏Sp-∂-Xv?- F-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv- \q-dp-I- ßƒ- ]-cn-`m-j-- sN-øm-Xn-cn-°m-\p-≈- Im-c-Ww- en-Jn-X-ßƒ-
W-°n-\v- A-d-_n- en-]n-I-fn-epw- D-®m-c-W-Øn-epw- hn-Z-Kv-[-cm- a-\- n-em-°m≥- A-h-bv°v- I-gn-hn-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv''-.- C-
b- ap-kv-X-^- Fw.- A-km-an-sb t]m-ep-≈- ap-kv-enw- ]-Wv-Un- Ø-c-sam-cp- {]-kv-Xm-h-\- \-S-Øm≥- am-{Xw- hn-h-c-an-√m-Ø-bm-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 9
tSm-_n- se-kv-‰-dp-sS- _-eq-Wn¬- hm-bp- \n-d-°p-∂-Xv- ]p-
bn-s‚- te-J-\-am-Wv.- F-∂m¬- A-Xn-t\m-sSm-∏w- C-kv-em-ans\-
°-p-dn-®v- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy¿- \-S-Øn-b- ]-T-\-ß-fn¬- Ip-Øn-\n-d-®-
"Jp¿-B≥- sI-ń-®-a-®-X-m-sW-∂'-- hm-Zw-- Iq-Sn- A-t±-lw- \n-d-
bv-°p-∂p.- D-≤-cn-°p-∂- t]-c-p-I-fm-I-s´- Hm-dn-b‚-en-kv-‰p-I-fn-
se- Hcp- \yq-\-]-£-Øn-s‚- am-{X-am-Wv.- A-h-cn¬-X-s∂- ]-e-
cpw- X-ß-fp-sS- ap≥-\n-e-]m-Sp-I-fn¬-\n-∂v- ]n-∑m-dp-I-bpw- sN-
bv-Xn-´p-≠v.- C-h-cn-te-‰-hpw- {]-[m-\-s∏-´-h¿- hm≥-kv-t{_m-bpw-
A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- hn-Zym¿-Y-n-I-fm-b- Ip-°pw- t{Im-Wpw- B-Wv.-
A-h¿- \n¿-tZ-in-°p-∂- ^m‚-k-n-bp-sS- Im-Sp-I-b-‰w- A-Y-hm-
C-kv-emw- `-bw- \-sΩ- sIm-≠p-sN-s∂-Øn-°p-∂-Xv- Jp¿-B≥-
ln-Pv-d- aq-∂mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- ({In-kv-Xp-h¿-jw- 9˛mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬)-
sI-ń-®-a-®-Xm-Wv- F-∂-Xm-Wv;-- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-bp-sS- Ime-
Øv- A-t±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-b- b-Ym¿-Y-- sh-fn-]m-SpIƒ- A-√- F∂-
Xm-Wv-.-
]-pb- n-s‚- \n-co-£W - ß
- s - f- Nn-´t- bm-sS- ssI-Im-cyw- sNøp-
∂-Xn-\v- ap-ºv- A-t±-lw- b-a-\n-se- A-¬-Jzm-Zn- A-¬-A-Iv-hbv-
°v- A-d_ - n-bn¬- F-gp-Xn-bX - pw- AØu-d- Z- n-\] - {- X-Øn¬- {]kn-
≤o-I-cn-®-Xp-am-b- I-Øn-s\°-p-dn-®v- ]-d-bmw.- A-Xn¬- At±-
fm-Wv- tUm.- ]p-bn≥.- lw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- C-Xm-Wv-:- ""Cu- en-Jn-Xm-h-in-jv-S-ßƒ- ln-Pv-
d-h¿-jw- H-∂mw- \q-‰m-t≠m-fw- ]-g° - w- sN-∂X - m-Wv.- Jp¿-B≥-
se-kv‰ - ¿- X-s‚- te-J\ - Ø
- n¬- C-Xv- D-≤c - n-°p-∂X- n-\v- c≠p-
]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xv- H-∂mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬-X-s∂-bm-Wv- F-∂-
h-cn-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºv- Jp¿-B≥- ap-gp-h≥- a-\- n-em-°m≥- ]-‰m-
Xn-\p-≈- im-kv-{Xo-b- sX-fn-hp-I-fm-Wv- C-h.- A-√m-sX- Nn-e¿-
Ø-Xm-sW-∂v- ]-db - p-∂p-≠v.- C-hn-sS- ]-pb - n-s‚- Nn-¥b - p-sS- _m-
]-d-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se- ln-Pv-d- aq-∂mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- sI-ń-®-a-®-
en-iX- \-sΩ- sR-ń-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.- H-cp- `m-K-Øv- At±-lw-
Xm-Wv- F-∂X - n-\p-≈- sX-fn-h√ - .- H-cp-]t- £,- ap-kvenw-Iƒ- tNm-
ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- Jp¿B-≥- X-¿-Pp-a- sN-øp-∂n-√m-sb-∂v- ]-d-bp-
Zn-°p-am-bn-cn-°pw- ap-kv-enw- ]-Wv-U-n-X-\-√m-Ø- H-cm-fn¬-\n-∂v-
∂p.- (A-Xv- \p-W-bm-Wv).- C-Xn-\v- Im-c-W-am-bn- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv-
X-ßƒ-s°-¥n-\m-Wv- C-Ø-c-sam-cp- Pv-Rm-\w- F-∂v.- aq-∂m-a-
Jp¿-B≥- a-\- n-em-°m≥- ]-‰m-Ø-Xm-sW-∂-Xm-Wv.- F-∂m¬-
sØ- J-eo-^- D-Y-vam≥-()-s‚- Im-ew-ap-X¬-°p-X-s∂- ap-kv-
ap-kve - nw-If- pw- ]u-ck
- vX
- y-cpw- C-Xv- a-\
- n-em-°m≥- ]-‰p-sa∂pw-
l-^v- ap-gp-h-\p-am-bp-ap-s≠-∂v- A-h¿-°v- D-d-∏p-≈-t∏mƒ- {]-
]-d-bp-∂p.- ]-p-bn-s‚- Nn-¥-bp-sS- bp-Iv-Xn- C-Xm-Wv.- ap-kvenw-
tXy-In-®pw.- (k-Xy-Øn¬- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-Xv- Jp¿-
Iƒ- Jp¿-B≥- X¿-Pp-a- sN-øm≥- hn-k-Ω-Xn-°p-∂p.- Im-c-Ww-
B≥- B-Zy-am-bn- k-am-l-cn-®-Xv- H-∂mw- J-eo-^-bm-b- A-_q-
A-sXm-cn-°-epw- a-\- n-em-°m≥- ]-‰m-Ø-Xm-Wv.- C-Xn-s\-°-p-
_-°-dn-s‚- Im-e-Øm-Wv- F-∂m-Wv).- AXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv- bm-
dn-®v- A-h¿- t_m-[-hm-∑m-tc- A-√.- C-Xv- C-ß-s\- ]-d-bp-tºm-
Ym¿-Yy-hpw.- {]-tXy-In-®pw- D-Yva - m-s‚()-- Im-es - Ø-gp-Xn-b- aqe-
se-bm-Wv˛- tPm-Wn- sX-cp-hv- ap-dn-®p-IS- ° - m≥- hn-kΩ - X - n-°p∂p.-
{K-\v-Yw- \-Ωp-sS- I-øn-en-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬-.- A-t±-lw- a-‰v- {]-tZ-
Im-c-Ww- H-cp- Im-dm-Wv-.- H-cn°-epw- h-cn-√- F-∂v- A-bmƒ- Icp-
i-ß-fn-te-°-b-®- A-Xn-s‚- tIm-∏n-Iƒ- e-`y-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m-
Xp-∂- Im¿.-
epw....-''- (t]-Pv- 314)-.- Cu- I-Øn-eq-sS- tUm.- ]-p-bn≥- [z-\n-∏n-
tSm-_n- se-kv-‰-dp-sS,-- A-‰v-em‚n-Iv- am-kn-I-bn¬- h-∂- A]- °p-∂-Xv- Jp¿-B≥- aq-∂mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- B-Wv- \n¿-an-°-s∏-´-
Iz-hpw- B-i-b-°-p-g-∏-hpw- \n-d-™- te-J-\w- ]-Wv-Un-tXm-NnX- Xv- F-∂v- B-scm-s°-bm-tWm-- Du-ln-®-Xv- A-h¿-s°m-s°- sX-
am-b- hn-a¿-i-\-Øn-\v- A¿-l-a-√.- ]-t£,- ]-p-bn-s‚- ]-T-\-ß- ‰p-]-‰n- F-∂-m-Wv.- H-∂mw- \q-‰m-≠nse-- Jp¿-B-\ns‚- tXm¬-
sf-Ip-dn-®v- tUm.- Fw.-Fw.-A-km--an- X-s‚- "Jp¿-B≥- F-∂- aq- °-S-em-kv- en-Jn-X-ßƒ- I-≠p-In-ń-b-tXm-sS- Jp¿-B≥- ]n-∂o-
e-{K-\v-Yw' F-∂- Ir-Xn-bn¬- ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p-≠v.- tUm.- ]-p- Sv- sI-ń-®-a-®-Xm-sW-∂ hm-Zw- s]m-fn-™p-t]m-bn.- ]-t£,-
bn-s‚- ba-\n-en-Jn-X-ß-fn-se- I-s≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ-°v- ap-Ifn-em- sekv-‰¿- Cu- sX-fn-hn-s\- B-[m-c-am-°p-I-b-√ X-s‚- ]-T-\-
Wv- se-kv-‰¿- Jp¿-B\n-s‚- B-[n-Im-cn-I-X-sb- tNm-Zyw- sN- ß-fn¬- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- Cu- k-Xy-sØ-∏-‰n- A-t±-lw- ]-d-bp-t∂-
øm-\p-≈- X-s‚- kz]v-\-s°m-´m-cw- ]-WnXp-b¿-Øn-bn-cn°p- bn-√.- ]p-bn≥- I-s≠-Øn-b- Cu- k-Xyw- F-√mhn-[- sI-ń-®-a-
∂-Xv.- ]-p-bn-s‚- I-s≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ- C-h-bm-Wv:- bv-°¬- Xn-b-dn-I-sf-bpw- \n-cm-I-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂- b-m-Ym¿-Y-yw-
1.- A-en-^n-- -s‚- sX‰m-b- F-gp-Øv.- a-d-®p-sh®v- Jp¿-B-\n-s\-]-‰n-bp-≈- kw-i-b-ß-fp-sS- Zp- q-N-
2.- Nn-e- J-Wv-Un-I-I-fn¬- Im-Wp-∂- (h-cn-I-fn¬)- hn-`-P-\- \-Iƒ- i-cn-sh-°m-\m-Wv- se-kv-‰¿- ]-p-bn-s\- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-
Øn-ep-≈- hy-Xy-kv-X-X-Iƒ.- ∂-Xv.- A-ß-s\- se-kv-‰-dn-s‚- {]-kv-Xm-h-\-Iƒ- A-k-Xy-hpw-
3.- kq-d- 26\p-ti-jw- H-cp- en-Jn-X-Ø-n¬- kq-d- 37 B-Wv- A-\o-Xn-]q¿-h-I-hp-am-bn-Øo-c-p-∂p.-
Im-Wp-∂-Xv- F-∂- I-≠p-]n-Sp-Øw. C-kv-em-anI- ]m-c-º-cyw:-- ssZ-h-Øm¬- kw-c-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 10
A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ- ]-e- co-Xn-bn¬- Jp-¿-B-≥-
sh-fn-]m-Sp-Iƒ- A-hn-sS-bh - n-sS-bm-bn- F-gp-Xn-sh-°p-∂p.- {]hm-
N-I≥- A-sXm-cn-°-epw- k-am-l-cn-°-bp-≠m-bn-√.- Im-c-Ww- A-
t±-lØ - n-s‚- a-cW- w-hs
- c- ssZ-hØ - n-s‚- sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øe - p-Iƒ-
Xp-S¿-∂p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p.- C-sXm-∂pw- A-∂v- H-cmƒ-°pw- Hcp-
{]-iv-\-hp-ap-≠m-°n-bn-√.- Jp-¿-B\n-s‚- t{km-X- v- h-N-\-km-
£n-I-ƒ- X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- A-°m-e-sØ- A-d-_v- kw-kv-Im-
c-w- h-N-\-kw-kv-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.- en-Jn-X- tc-J-I-fp-sS- B-[n-
Im-c-nI-Xz-w- P-\-ßƒ- kw-i-bn-®n-cp-∂p.- sX-fn-thm,- F-gp-Xn-b-
hyIv-Xn-tbm- sh-fn-s∏-Sm-sX- A-h¿- H-cn-°-epw- en-Jn-X-ß-sf-
hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂n-√.- A-\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sS- lr-Z-b-Øn-epw- a-\- n-
ep-am-Wv- Jp¿-B-≥- kw-c-£n-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv.- ap-gp-h≥- Jp-¿-
B-≥- B¿-°pw- Hm¿-an-°m≥- I-gn-™n-cp-∂n-√.- Im-c-Ww- A-
Xv- ]q¿-W-am-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂n-√.- C-∂-sØ-t]m-se- ]p-kv-X-I- cq-
Xpw- \o-Xo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw- ]-Øn¬- A-Xv- e-`y-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- Jp¿-B-≥- kw-c-£n-°m-\p-
C-Xp-h-sc- Rm≥- Fw-.- Fw.-- A-k-an- X-s≥-d-- ]-T-\-ß-fn-eq- ≈- G-‰-hpw- \-√- co-Xn- A-Xv- \n¿-_-\v-[n-X-am-bpw- \-a-kv-Im-c-
sS-bpw- K-th-j-W-ß-fn-eq-sS-bpw- \-S-Øn-b- C-kv-em-an-I- hne- ß-fn¬- ]m-cm-b-Ww- sN-øp-I-sb-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.-
bn-cp-Ø-ep-I-sf-]-‰n- kv-]¿-in-®n-t´-bn-√.- Jp¿-B\ - ns‚- kw-c£ - W - s- Ø-°p- d - n-®v- {]-hm-NI
- ≥- Xs∂-
\-ap-°v- A-d-_n- ]-{X-Øn¬- ]-p-bn≥- F-gp-Xn-b- I-Øn-te- h-f-sc-tb-sd- th-h-em-Xn-s∏-ń-cp-∂p- F-∂v- Jp¿-B-\n¬-\n-∂p-
°v- Xn-cn-®p-t]m-Imw.- ]p-bn-s‚- Cu- I-Øn-epw- C-kv-em-an-s\- X-s∂- hy-Iv-X-am-Wv.- a-e-°v- Pn-_v-co¬-- {]-hm-N-I-t\m-Sv- ]-d-
°-p-dn-®p-≈- sX-‰m-b- hn-h-c-ß-fpw- kw-i-b-ß-fpw- {]-I-Sn-∏n- ™- Im-cy-ßƒ- ho-≠pw- ho-≠pw- sNm-√m≥- A-t±-lw- ap-Xn¿-
°p-∂p-≠v.- b-a-\n-b≥- tc-J-I-fp-sS- I-s≠-Ø-en-\v- ap-ºv- apkv- ∂-t∏mƒ- ssZ-hw- A-t±-l-tØm-Sv- ]-d-™p-:- ""Xo¿-®-bm-bpw-
enw-Iƒ-°v- Jp¿-B\n-s‚- B-[m-cw- tI-h-ew- hn-izm-kw- am{X- A-Xn-s‚- (Jq¿-B-\n-s≥-d)- k-am-l-c-W-hpw- A-Xv- Hm-Xn-Ø-c-
am-sW-∂v- A-t±-lw- ]-d-bp-∂p.- b-Ym¿-Y- h-kv-Xp-X- b-a-\n-b≥- epw- \-Ωp-sS- _m-[y-X-bm-Ip-∂p.- A-ß-s\- \mw- A-Xv- Hm-Xn-
tc-J-Iƒ- C-kv-em-an-I- N-cn-{X-Øn¬- Iq-Sp-X-em-sbm-∂pw- Iqń- Ø-∂m¬- B- Hm-Øv- \o- ]n-¥p-S-cp-I.- ]n-∂o-Sv- A-Xp- hn-h-cn-
t®¿-°p-∂n-√- F-∂-Xm-Wv;- Du-ń-bp-d-∏n-°p-∂-tX-bp-≈q.- Cu- ®p-X-c-epw- \-Ωp-sS- _-I-[y-X-bm-Ip-∂p''- (75:-17˛19).- Jp-¿-B-
tXm¬-en-Jn-X-ß-fpw- D-Yv-am≥- {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®- ap-kv-l-^pw- \n-s≥-d- Hm¿-an-°-en-s\-bpw- Hm-X-ens\-bpw- ]-‰n- th-h-em-Xn-
XΩn-ep-≈- t\-cn-b- hy-Xym-kw- C-kv-em-an-I- ]-Wv-Un-X¿-°v- s∏-ń-cp-∂- {]-hm-N-I≥-()- F-ß-s\bm-W- v- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚-
A-dn-hp-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.- Im-e-ti-jw- Jp-¿B-≥- k-am-l-cn-t°-≠- co-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®v-
C-kve- m-an-I- ]m-cº
- c
- y-ßƒ- `w-Kn-bm¿-∂X- pw- hn-kvX
- r-Xhp- D-t]-£- Im-Wn-°p-I?- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-Xv- k-am-l-cn-°-s∏-
am-b-Xn-\m¬- A-Xn-s‚- F-√m- Aw-i-ß-sf-bpw- Cu- te-J-\- tS-≠X - n-s\-°p-dn-®pw- kw-c£ - n-°s - ∏-tS-≠X - n-s\-°p- d
- n-®pw- B-
Øn-eq-sS- sh-fn-hm-°m≥- I-gn-bp-I-bn-√.- A-km-an-bp-sS- ]pkv- h-iy-am-b- F-√m- ap≥-I-cp-X-ep-I-fpw- A-t±-l-sa-Sp-Øn-cn-°pw.-
X-I-ß-sf-t]m-ep-≈- {]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßƒ- Jp¿-B≥- im-kv- A-Xn¬- bm-sXm-cp- i - ¶- b
- p-an-√.- N-cn-{Xw- A-Xn-\v- km-£n-bmWv.-
{X-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ap-kvenw-Iƒ-°v- A-dn-hv- ]-I-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.- Chn- D-a-¿-()-s≥-d- A-`-n-{]m-b-w- am-\n-®v- {]-hm-N-I-s‚- a-c-W-
sS- Rm≥- C-k-vem-an-I- ]m-c-º-cy-sØ-°p-dn-®v- H-cp- kw-£n-]v- Øn-\p-ti-jw- H-cp- h¿-j-Øn-\n-S-bn¬- J-eo-^- A-_q-_-
X- hn-h-c-Ww- \¬-Im-t\- D-t±-in-°p-∂p-≈q.- A-km-an-bp-sS- °¿()-- A-Xv- ]p-kv-X-I- cq-]-Øn-em-°n.- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-X-
]p-kv-X-I-Øn-se- A-©pw- B-dpw- G-gpw- A-[ym-b-ßƒ- ]-Wv- {X- F-fp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- hn-iz-k-\ob-am-b- hm-Z-ßƒ- B-h-
Un-tXm-Nn-X-am-bn- {I-ao-I-cn-®- co-Xn-bn¬- Jp¿-B≥- tc-J-s∏- iy-am-bn-cp-∂p.- {]-hm-NI
- ≥- sN-øm-Ø- H-cp- Im-cy-hpw- sN-øm≥-
Sp-Øn-b-Xn-s\-°-p-dn-®pw- A-Xn-s‚- k-am-l-c-W-sØ-°p-dn-®pw- A-_q-_-°¿- X-b-m-dm-bn-cp-∂n-√.- Jp¿-B-≥- ap-gp-h-\pw- `w-Kn-
hn-i-Z-am-°p-∂p-≠v.- (Jp-Øm-_p-∂-_n,- dn-bm-Zv- (1981)--,- B-Zy- bm-bn- Hm¿-an-®n-cp-∂- ssk-Zp-_v-\p- km-_n-Xv-()-- B-Zyw- A-
Im-e- lZo-Yv- km-ln-Xy-sØ-°-p-dn-®p-≈- ]-T-\-ßƒ-˛A-k-an- Xn-s‚- k-am-l-c-W-sØ-°p-dn-®v- k-tμ-l-ap-≈-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p.-
bp-sS- Ir-Xn-Iƒ,- C≥-Uym-\,- A-ta-cn-°≥- {S-kv-‰v- ]-ªn-t°- A-Xn-\p-Im-c-Ww- P-\-a-\- n-eq-sS-bm-Wv- Jp-¿-B-≥- kw-c-£n-
j≥-kv- (1978).- °-s∏-tS-≠-Xv- F-∂- hn-izm-k-am-bn-cp-∂p.- B-bn-c-°-W-°n\v-
ssZ-hØ- n-s‚- {]-hm-NI - (- )- X\n°v- ssZ-hØ
- ≥ - m-ep-≠mb- h-cp-∂- hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- Jp-¿B-\n-s≥-d-- `q-cn-`m-K-hpw- Hm¿-an-°p-
sh-fn-]m-Sp-Iƒ- D-S-s\-X-s∂- F-gp-Xn-sh-°m-\p-≈- \n¿-tZ-i- I-bpw- sNm-√p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p.- ]p-kv-X-I- cq-]-Øn-ep-≈-
Mƒ- \¬-In-bn-cp-∂p.- I-S-em-kv- e-`y-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬- tXm¬- Jp-¿B-\n-s‚- k-am-l-c-Ww- cm-{Xn-bpw- ]-I-epw- A-Xv- sNm-√p-
I-jv-W-ß-fn-tem- H-´-I- Np-a-en-s≥-d- C-cp-h-i-ß-fn-tem- A-Xv- ∂-h-cp-sS- ap-∂n¬- H-c-\m-h-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p.- ]-t£,- D-a-dn-s‚-
F-gp-Xn-sh-°p-∂p.- {]-hm-N-I-\v- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- F-gp-Øv- ]-Tn- hm-Z-Øn-\-Sn-kv-Ym-\w- c-≠ma-Xv- ]-d-™- Im-cy-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.-
°-W-sa-∂v- h-f-sc- \n¿-_-\v-[-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- Jp-¿-B\n-s‚-- - 1.- Jp-¿-B-≥- Hm¿-an-°p-∂-h¿- a-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- ssZ-
h-cn-Iƒ-X-s∂- C-Xv- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂p-≠v.- hn-Zym-`ym-k-ap-≈- h-h-N-\-ßƒ- ]p-kv-X-I-cq-]-Øn¬- k-am-l-cn-°p-∂-Xv- Jp-¿B - -
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 11
ew-ap-X¬-°p-Xs - ∂J - p-¿B
- \ - n-s‚ kw-c£ - W
- w- A-hc - p-sS- lr-
Z-bØ- n-eq-sS-bpw- a-\ - n-eq-sS-bp-am-Wv- F-∂X- n-\m-em-W.v- - AXp-
sIm-≠p-X-s∂- tIm-Sn-°-W-°n-\v- h-cp-∂- ap-kvenw-I-fp-sS- hn-
izm-k-sØ- X-I¿-°m≥- Nn-e- en-Jn-X-ßƒ- D-]-tbm-Kn-®p-≈-
{i-a-ß-sf- A-h¿-°v- {]-Xn-tcm-[nt-°-≠n-h-cp-∂p.- e-`n-°p-∂-
tc-J-Iƒ- D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy- ]-Wv-Un-X¿- Jp-¿-
B-\n-s‚- hn-izm-ky-X- X-I¿-°m≥- hym-Jym-\ß - ƒ- N-a® - v- {ian-
°p-tºmƒ- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- A-h-cp-sS- ]p-cm-X-\- en-Jn-X-ß-fn-
epw- a-X-Øn-ep-ap-≈- K-th-j-W-ßƒ- im-kv-{Xo-b- co-Xn-bn¬-
\-S-Øm≥- kz-bw- X-bm-dm-bn- ap-t∂m-´v- h-t∂- a-Xn-bm-Iq.-
tUm.- A-km-an- a-s‰m-cp- ap-kv-enw- ]-WvUn-X-\m-b- sI.-
AΔm-Zv- 1982¬- {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®- ]-T-\-ßƒ- \-ap-°v- ]-cnN-b-
s∏-Sp-Øn-Ø-cp-∂p-≠v.- ]p-cm-X-\- A-d-_n- I-ø-£-c-sØ-°p-
\v- H-∂p-Iq-Sn- kp-c-£n-X-Xzw- {]-Zm-\w- sN-øpw.-
dn-®v- A-t±-lw- \-S-Øn-b- ]-T-\-Øn¬- ln-Pv-d- H-∂mw-h¿-j-
2.- Jp-¿-B-≥- ]-e-cpw- hy-Iv-Xn-]-c-am-bn- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- Øn¬-Xs∂- F-gp-Xn-b-sX-∂v- A-\p-am-\n-°p-∂- A-t\-Iw- ap-
cn-°pw.- A-Øc - w- tc-JI- f- n¬- sX-‰p-If - p-≠m-hmw.- A-Xp-sIm≠v- kv-l-^p-Iƒ- I-s≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.- (t]-Pv- 316).- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚-
{]-hm-NI - s
- ‚- k-¥X - k
- l- N - m-cn-If
- p-sS-bpw- Jp-¿B
- ≥- - \-∂mbn- ]-ń-I-bn-ep-≈- Nn-e-Xv- Xm-sg- sIm-Sp-°p-∂p.-
Hm¿-an-°p-∂-h-cp-sS-bpw- Po-hn-X-Im-e-Øp-X-s∂- A-Xv- k-Xy-
k-\v-[-am-bn- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-sh-°-Ww.- C-sX-√mw- \-S-∂-Xv- {]- 1.- C-t∏mƒ- C-kv-Xm≥-_qfn-ep-≈- D-Yvam\p-_v-\p-A-^v-^m-
hm-N-I-s‚- A-¥y-Øn-\v- H-cp- h¿-j-Øn-\p-≈n-em-Wv.- A-Xmb- s‚()-- Im-e-sØ- A-©v- ap-kv-l-^p-Iƒ.-
Xv- Jp-¿-B-≥- ]q¿-Øo-I-c-W-Øn-\v- H-cp- h¿-j-Øn-\p-≈n¬.- 2.- sI-bv-tdm-hn-ep-≈,-- ln-Pv-d- 25˛30 t\m-S-Sp-Øv- F-gp-Xn-b-
C-kv-emw- km-ln-Xy-Øn¬- Jp-¿-B-≥- k-am-l-c-W-Øn-s‚- B-bn-c-tØm-fw- t]-Pv-h-cp-∂- H-cp- ap-kv-l-^v.- (D-Yvam-s‚- Jp¿-
I-Y- tc-J-I-fp-sS- k-lm-b-Øn¬- hn-i-Z-am-bn- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn- B-≥- {I-ao-I-c-W- ]-≤-Xn-Iƒ- lnPv-d25\v- B-cw-`n-®p-sh-∂Xv-
bn-´p-≠v.- A-Xv- A-km-an- X-s‚- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬- hn-h-cn-°p- {i-≤n-°p-I).- C-Xn-\v- ]p-d-sa- tem-I-Øn-se- hn-hn-[- sse-{_-
∂p-≠v.- {]-hm-N-I-s‚- Im-e-Øv- ap-kv-l-^n-s‚- tc-Jo-I-c-Ww- dn-I-fn-ep-≈,-- H-∂mw- \q-‰m-≠n-se-gp-Xn-b- a-‰v 20- ap-kv-l-^p-I-
A-Xn-kq-£v-a-X-tbmSp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv- \-S-∂-Xv.- A-X-ß-s\-bm-Im- fp-sS- ]-ń-I-bpw- D-≤-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- A-`n-{]m-
t\- X-c-ap-≈q.- A-Xn-\p-≈- sX-fn-hp-Iƒ- h-f-sc- hn-kv-Xr-X- b-Øn¬- C-kv-Xm≥-_q-fn-ep-≈- ""S¿-°v- th- C-kv-emw- Fk¿-
hpw- hni-Zhp-am-bn- C-hn-sS- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°m≥- ]-cn-an-Xn-bp-≈- se-dn ap-sk-kn-'- F-∂- tc-J- C-\n-bpw- ]-Wv-Un-X-cp-sS- {i-≤-
Xp-am-Wv.- °p-th-≠n- Im-Øp-In-S-°p-I-bm-Wv.- "k-\m'- -tXm¬-en-Jn-X-ß-
sf-°m-fpw- {]-[m-\hpw- {]-k-Iv-X-hp-a-s{X- Cu- tc-J-Iƒ.-
Jp-¿B - ≥ - - k-am-lc- W
- w- {]-hm-NI - s
- ‚- a-cW
- t- i-jw- A_q-
_-°-dn-s‚()-- B-PvR - {- ]-Im-ch
- pw- A-Xn-s‚- {I-ao-Ic- W
- w- B- A-[ym-b-ß-fp-sS- hy-Xy-kv-X- {I-a-ßƒ-:- ap-kv-l-^v-
cw-`n-®-Xv- aq-∂m-a-sØ- J-eo-^- D-Y-vam-s‚()-- Im-e-Øp-am-Wv.- ]m-c-º-cy-Øn-s‚- {_o-^v-tI-kv-
A-Xm-b-Xv- {]-hm-N-I-s‚- a-c-W-Øn-\v- 14 h¿-j-Øn-\p-ti-jw- a-X-]-Wv-Un-X-cp-sS- G-tIm-]-n-X-am-b- A-`n-{]m-bw- A-[ym-
(ln-P-vd- 11 ).- Cu- c-≠v- {]-{In-b-I-fpw- {]-h-m-N-I-s‚- A-\p-bm- b-ß-fn-se- h-cn-I-fp-sS- {ao-I-c-Ww- {]-hm-N-I-s‚- B-Pv-R-{]-
bn-I-fp-sS- k-Ω-X-Øm-epw- hn-iz-kv-X-cp-sS- ta¬-t\m-´-Øm-epw- Im-cam-sW-∂m-Wv.- A-Xm-b-Xv- A-Xv- ssZ-hn-I-am-Wv.- kq-d-x-I-
\-S-∂-Xm-Wv.- fp-sS- {I-ao-I-c-Ww- ]q¿-W-am-bpw- {]-hm-N-I≥()-- X-s∂-bm-
Jp-¿B-\n-s‚- B-Zy-\q-‰m-≠n-se- ]q¿-Øo-I-c-W-Øn-\p-≈- tWm- \niv-N-bn-®-Xv- F-∂-Xn¬- A-`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ap-≠v.- `q-
sX-fn-hv- b-a-\n- tXm¬- en-Jn-X-ßƒ- am-{X-am-tWm?- cn-`m-K-hpw- A-Xv- {]-hm-N-I≥- X-s∂-bm-Wv- ssZ-h-\n¿-tZ-i-
]m-iv-Nm-Xy- ]-Wv-Un-X-cp-sS- hm-Z-ß-fp-sS- A-Sn-Ø-d- Jp-¿- Øm¬- {I-ao-I-cn-®-Xv- F-∂v- A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ- a-s‰m-cp-
B-\n-s‚- B-Zy-Im-e- {]-Xn-Iƒ- e-`y-a-√- F-∂- Du-l-am-Wv.- \yq-\-]-£w- Cu- A-`n-{]m-b-°m-c-√.- kp-bp-Xz-n-bp-sS- A-`n-{]m-
A-h-sc- kw-_-\v-[n-®n-S-tØm-fw- b-a-\n-tc-J-I-fm-Wv- B-Zy-am- b-Øn¬- (ln-Pv-d- 911)- 9˛mw- \-º¿- A-[ym-b-sam-gn-®v- _m-°n-
bn- I-s≠-Øn-b- tc-J-Iƒ.- C-Xv- k-Xy-Øn-\v- \n-c-°p-∂-X-√.- sb-√mw- {]-hm-N-I-s‚- ln-X-a-\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cp-∂p;- 9˛mw- \-º¿-
ln-Pv-d- H-∂mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- F-gp-Xn-b- [-m-cm-fw- Jp-¿-B-≥ tIm- kq-d- D-Y-vam-s‚()--\n¿-W-b- {]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.- C-_v\p- A-
∏n-Iƒ- e-`y-am-Wv.- {]-[m-\- Im-cyw,-- `q-cn-`m-Kw- ap-kv-enw-I-fpw- Xzn-ø-- A¬- A-≥-X-eq-kn-bp-sS- ]-£w- Nn-e- A-[ym-bßƒ-- {]-
Jp-¿-B-\n-s‚- e-n-Jn-X-Ncn-{Xw- im-kv-{Xo-b- co-Xn-I-fm¬- ]-Tn- hm-N-I-\m-epw- Nn-e-Xv- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- k-l-bm-{Xn-I-cm-epw-
°m≥- X¬-]c - c
- √m- F-∂X- m-Wv.- C-kve
- m-an-s\-- `-b°
- p-∂- Kth- {I-a-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-Wv.- sj-bv-Jv- A-km-an-bp-sS- A-`n-{]m-b-
j-I¿- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- X-ßƒ-°v- In-´p-∂- Nn-e- "sX-fn- Øn¬- `q-cn-]-£-Øn-s‚- A-`n-{]m-b-am-Wv- i-cn.- {]-hm-N-I-s‚-
hp'-I-fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS- Jp-¿-B-\n-ep- \n¿-tZ-i{- ]-Im-cw-Xs
- ∂-bm-Wv- A-[ym-bßƒ- {- I-ao-Ic - n-®X
- v.- A-
≈- hn-izm-ksØ- X-I¿-°m≥- G-Xp-hn-[-hpw- {i-an-°p-∂p.- ap- Xn-\v- [m-cm-fw- sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠v.- D-Zm-l-c-W-Øn-\v- {]-hm-N-I-
kv-enw-I-fp-sS- Xm¬-]-cy-°p-d-hn-\v- Im-c-Ww- {]-hm-N-I-s‚- Im- s‚- F-gp-Øp-Im-tcm-Sp-≈- {]-tXy-I-am-b- B-Pv-R-Iƒ- X-s∂-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 12
Wv- a-\- n-em-°p-I?- C-Xn-\v- A-km-an- \¬-Ip-∂- hn-i-Zo-I-c-
Ww- hn-iz-k-\o-b-am-Wv.- C-Xn-\p-Ø-cw- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS- ]m-c-
º-cy-Øn-em-Wv.- k-ºq¿-W- Jp-¿-B-≥- sIm-≠p-\-S-°p-∂-Xn-
\v- ]-I-cw- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- A-h-¿-°v- C-jv-S-ap-≈- A-[ym-bßƒ-
F-gp-Xn-b- I-S-em-kp-Iƒ- sIm-≠p-\-S-°p-I-bm-Wv- ]-Xn-hv.- A-
∂pw- C-∂pw-.- A-∂v- A-Xn-\v- C-∂-sØ-°mƒ- Im-c-W-ß-fp-
≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- A∂sØ- F-gp-Øp-co-Xn-Iƒ- t\m-°p-tºmƒ-
k-ºq¿-W- Jp¿-B-\n-\v- 18000tØm-fw- tXm¬-I-S-em-kp-I-ƒ-
th-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.- A-Xn-s‚- `m-c-am-I-s´- G-I-tZ-iw- 100 In-
tem-{Kmw- h-cpw.- AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- A-Xv- sIm-≠p-\-S-°m≥-
km-[y-a-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- B-fp-Iƒ- A-h¿-°m-h-iy-am-b- kq-
d-Iƒ- am-{Xw- tXm¬-°-S-em-kp-I-fn¬- F-gp-Xn-s°m-≠v- k-©-
cn-°p-I-bm-Wv- ]-Xnhv.- D-Zm-l-c-W-Øn-\v- C-¥y-bn-se- k-em¿-
Pw-Kv- ayq-kn-b-Øn-se- ln-Pv-d- 7˛14\-q-‰m-≠p-I-f-n-se- ap-kv-l-
^p-I-fp-sS- ti-J-cw- t\m°mw.- A-h-bn¬- ]-e-Xpw- {I-a-c-ln-
X-am-Wv.- A-km-an- A-Xn-s‚- t^m-t´m-Iƒ- \-ap-°v- Im-Wn-®v-
(Xn¿-an-Z-n- 3086,- _-bv-l-Jn- 11:-42,- C-_v\p- lº-¬- 69,- A-_q-Zm- X-cp-∂p-≠v.- C-Xv- ImWn-°p-∂-Xv- C-Ø-c-Øn¬- A-[ym-bß--
hq-Zv- 29,- lm-I-nw- 221).- sf-gp-Xp-∂-Xpw- kq-£n-°p-∂-Xpw- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS- H-cp- kz-`m-
Cu- A-`n-{]m-b- `n-∂-X-I-sfm-∂pw- ap-kv-enw- ]-Wv-Un-X-sc- h-am-Wv- F-∂m-Wv.- C-sXm-∂pw- Jp-¿-B-\n-se- A-[ym-bß--fp-
kw-_-\v-[n-®n-S-tØm-fw- ]p-Ø-\-√.- A-h¿- C-Xn-s\°-p-dn-s®- sS- {I-aw- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ-°v- A-Pv-Rm-X-am-bn-cp-s∂-t∂m- Jp-¿-
√mw- [m-cm-fw- N¿-®- sN-øp-I-bpw- K-th-j-Ww- \-S-Øp-I-bpw- B-≥- A-kv-Yn-c-am-bn-cp-s∂-t∂m- A¿-Y-am-°p-∂n-√- (t]-Pv- 75).-
sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v.- A-h-cp-sS- am-{X-a-√,- \yq-\-]-£w- h-cp-∂- hn-cp- \n-K-a-\-ßƒ-:- k-\m- tXm¬-°-S-em-kp-I-sf-°-p-dn-®p-≈-
≤m-`n-{]m-b-°m-cp-sS- ho-£-W-ß-fpw- A-h¿- {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p- hni-I-e-\w- A-km-an- C-ß-s\-bm-Wv- A-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.-
∂p- F-∂-Xv- A-h-cp-sS- k-Xy-k-\v-[-X-°pw- k-a-{K-X-bv°-pw- ""k-\-bn¬-\n-∂v- In-ń-b- ap-kv-l-^v- A-£-c-ß-fp-sS- A-km[m-
D-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv.- ]-t£,- C-h-cm-cpw- Jp¿-B\ -- n-s‚- B-[n- c-WX- zw-sIm-≠v- k-º∂ - a- m-Wv.- ]-t£,- Jp¿-B≥
- - N-cn-{X-Øn¬-
Im-cn-I-Xsb-- tNm-Zyw- sN-øp-∂n-√.- A-[ym-bß--fp-sS- {I-ao-I- ]p-Xp-Xm-bn- bm-sXm-∂pw- A-Xv- Iq-ń-t®¿-°p-∂n-√''-- (t]Pv- 318).-
c-W-sØ- kw-_-\v-[n-®v- am-{X-am-Wv- X¿-°w.- F-∂m¬- ap-kv-
Np-cp-°-Øn¬,--
enw-Iƒ- Cu- \yq-\-]-£m-`n-{]m-b-sØ- A-Sn-®-a¿-Øp-I-b-√-;-
P-\-ß-fp-sS- {i-≤-bn-te-°v- sIm-≠p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- 1.- A-en-^n-se- hy-Xym-k-ß-sf-°p-dn-®pw- \n-e-hn-ep-≠m-
tSm-_n-se-kv-‰-dp-sS-,- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy- Jp¿-B-≥- ]-Wv-Un-X-cp-sS- bn-cp-∂- hy-Xy-kv-X- co-Xn-I-sf-°-p-dn-®pw- ap-kv-enw- N-cn-{X-Im-
hyXym-k-ßƒ- dn-t∏m¿-´v- sN-øp-tºm-gp-≈- k-Xy-k-\v-[-X-bn- c-∑m¿-°pw- ]-Wv-Un-X¿-°pw- \-√- A-dn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p- (A-
√m-bv-a-bpw- _p-≤n-Po-hn-Pm-S-bpw- C-kv-em-an-I ]m-c-º-cy-Øn- [ym-bw- 10,- 11,- Fw.- Fw.- A-km-an-bp-sS- ]p-kv-X-Iw).-
\v- A-\y-am-Wv.- 2.- I-≠p-]n-Sn-°-s∏-´- A-[ym-bß-fp-sS- hy-Xy-kv-X-{I-aw-
b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- \mw- H-cp- \n-an-jw- Nn-¥n-®m¬,-- ap-ºv- ]-d- (kq-d- 37\p-ti-jw- 26 F-∂-Xv)- ap-kv-enw-I-sf- kw-_-\v-[n-®n-S-
™- \-yq-\-]-£- A-`n-{]m-bw;-- sX-‰p-]-‰m≥- C-S-bn-√m-Ø- cq-]- tØm-fw- ]p-Xn-b-tXm- A-km-[m-c-W-Xzw- \n-d-™-tXm- A-√.-
Øn¬- A-t\-Iw- \n-thZ-I-cn-eq-sS- dn-t∏m¿-´p-sN-ø-s∏-´-(ap-X- Jp-d¿-B-\n-s‚- A-©v- A-[ym-bß-ƒ- sN-dp-]p-kv-X-I- cq-]-
hm-Xn¿)-Xm-Wv- D-Yv-am-s‚- ap-kv-l-^v- {I-a-a-\p-k-cn-®m-Wv- F∂- Øn¬- C-t∏m-gpw- ku-I-cy-Øn-\v- ]e-cpw- sIm-≠p-\-S-°p-∂p.-
Xn-te-°m-Wv- \-sΩ- sIm-≠p-sN-s∂-Øn-°p-∂-Xv.- {]-hm-N- 3.- b-a-\n- tXm¬- en-Jn-X-ßƒ- Jp-¿-B-≥- N-cn-{X-sØ-°p-
I\n¬-\n-∂p- Xp-S-ßn- Jp-¿-B-\n-s\-°-p-dn-®v- \-√- A-dn-hp≈- dn-®p-≈- ap-kvenw-I-fp-sS- A-dn-hv- Du-ń-bp-d-∏n-°-bm-Wv- sN-øp-
h-cp-w- A-Xv- \-∂m-bn- D-cp-hn-Sp-∂X
- n¬- k-a¿-Yc - p-am-bn-cp-∂- Ggv- ∂-Xv.-
A-\p-N-c-∑m-cn-eq-sS- ]-c-º-c-I-fm-bn- lr-b-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- lrZ- 4.- Jp-¿-B-\n-s\-°-p-dn-®p-≈- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS- A-dn-hv- Iq-Sp-
b-Øn-te-°v- ssI-am-‰w- sN-ø-s∏-´- hm-°p-I-fm-Wv- F-gpX-s∏´- X¬- Ir-Xy-hpw- ]-Wv-Un-tXm-Nn-X-hp-am-Wv.- ap-kv-enw- hn-izm-
hm-°p-I-sf-°m-fpw- {]-[m-\-hpw- Ir-XyX-bp-≈-Xpw.- k-sØ- X-I¿-°m-\p-≈- ""h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-hpw- a-tX-X-c-hp-am-b-
A-[ym-bß-fp-sS- {I-ao-I-c-W-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ap-kv-enw- ]-Wv- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy-{i-a-ßƒ''- A-Xn-s\-°-p-dn-®p-≈- C-kv-emw- k-ao-]-
Un-X-cn¬- A-`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ap-s≠-¶n-epw- Jp-¿-B-≥- kv-Yn- \-ßƒ- i-cn-bm-sW-∂v- Iq-Sp-X¬- Iq-Sp-X¬- D-d-∏n-°p-I-tb- sN-
c-X-bn-√m-Ø-Xpw- {]-hm-N-I-s‚- a-c-W-ti-jw- D-≈-S-°w- am-‰n- øp-∂p-≈q.-
b-Xp-am- s
- W-∂p-≈- A-`n-{]m-bw- sX-‰m-sW-∂X
- n¬- G-Im-`n-{]m- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- Jp-¿-B-\n-s‚- A-{]-am-Zn-Xz-Øn¬- F-ß-s\-
b-°m-cm-Wv.- bm-Wv- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-Xv?- D-Ø-cw- h-f-sc- e-fn-X-am-Wv.- Jp-¿-
A-[ym-bw- 26\p-ti-jw- b-a-\n-en-Jn-X-ß-fn¬- A-[ym-bw- B-\n¬- Iq-Sn-X-s∂!-- a-s‰m-cp- co-Xn-bn¬- ]-d-™m¬- Jp-¿-B-
37 B-Wv- F-∂p-≈- ]-p-bn-s‚- I-s≠-Ø¬- \mw- F-ß-s\-bm- \n-\v- N-cn-{X-an-s√-∂v- sh-°p-I.- C-t∏mƒ- Ip-gn-s®-Sp-ØX
- m-sW-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 13
∂pw- sh-°p-I.- A-Xn-s‚- hm-b-\-°m¿- A-Xn-s‚- `w-Kn-bm¬- ""\-Ωp-sS- Zm-k-\v- \mw- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xn-s\
BI¿-jn-°-s∏-Spw.- Zn-hy-am-b- A-Xn-s‚- D-Xv-`-h-sØ-°p-dn-®v- (Jp¿B-\n-s\) ]-‰n- \n-ßƒ- kw-i-bm-ep-°-fm-sW-¶n¬- A-
A-h¿- ]q¿-W- hn-izm-kn-I-fp-am-bn-cn-°pw˛ A-Xv- ap-gp-h\m-bpw- Xn-s≥-d-Xp-t]m-ep-≈- H-cp- A-[ym-b-sa-¶n-epw- \n-ßƒ- sIm-
A-h¿-°- v- a-\- n-em-°m≥- I-gn-™n-s√-¶n-epw.-- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- ≠p-h-cn-I.- A-√m-lp-hn-∂p-]p-d-sa- \n-ß-ƒ-°p-≈- k-lm-bn-I-
R-ßƒ- Jp-¿B-\n¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂p.- A-Xv- am-bw- tN¿-°m- sf-bpw- hn-fn-®p-sIm-≈p-I.- \n-ßƒ- k-Xy-hm-∑m-cm-sW-¶n¬-
Ø- ssZ-h- h-N-\-ß-sf-∂v- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂p.- Im-c-Ww- \-√- am- (A-Xm-W-t√m- sN-tø-≠-Xv)''- (2:-23).- -
\-kn-Im-tcm-Ky-ap-≈-,- Xp-d-∂- lr-Z-b-ap-≈- H-cmƒ-°v- a-dn-®v- ]- Cu- sh-√p-hn-fn-bp-b¿-Øn-b-Xv- X-ß-fp-sS- I-hn-X-I-fpw- {]-
d-bm≥- I-gn-bp-I-bn-√.- kw-K-ß-fpw- a-t\m-l-c-sa-∂v- A-l-¶-cn-°p-I-bpw- a-‰v- cm-Py-
Jp-¿-B≥-:- A\-\p-I-c-Wo-bw- ß-fn-ep-f-f-h-sc- ]p-Nv-On-°-p-Ibpw- B-Xv-a-{]-iw-k- \-S-Øp-I-
A-hn-iz-m-kn-I-tfm--Sv- B-Zyw- Jp-¿-B-≥- A-X-\p-I-cn-°m-\p- bpw- sN-bv-X- A-d-_n-I-tfm-Sm-Wv. N-cn-{Xw,-- Jp-¿B-≥- tIƒ-
≈- sh-√p-hn-fn-bp-b¿-Øn.- {]-Xn-I-c-W-ap-≠m-bn-√.- A-t∏mƒ- °p-I-bpw- A-Xn-s≥-d-- A-\-\y-am-b- `m-jm-{]-tbm-K-Øn¬- B-
Jp-¿-B≥- A-Xn-ep-≈-Xp-t]m-ep-≈- 10 A-[ym-bß-ƒ- \n¿-an- Ir-jv-S-cm-hp-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- A-t\-Iw- I-hn-I-sf-]-‰n- ]-d-bp-
°m≥- I-gn-bptam- F-∂-v tNm-Zn-®p.- A-Xn-\pw- A-hn-izm-kn-I- ∂p-≠v.- {]-i-kv-X- A-d-_n- I-hb-n-{Xn-bm-b- A¬-J≥-km-A- v-
fn¬-\n-∂v- bm-sXm-cp- {]-Xn-I-c-W-hp-ap-≠m-bn-√.- A-t∏mƒ- A- A-Xp-aq-ew- C-ke v- mw- B-t«-jn-°p-Ib - pw- Jp-¿B
- ≥
- - tI-´t- ijw-
¥n-aa- m-bn- Jp-¿B
- \
- n-ep-≈t- ]m-se- H-cp- A-[ym-bsa-¶n-epw- \n¿- I-hn-X-I-sf-gpXm≥- hn-k-Ω-Xn-°-p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- Nn-e¿- Jp¿-
an-°m≥- I-gn-bp-tam- F-∂v- A-h-tcm-Sv- tNm-Zn-®p.- B-\n-s\- A-\p-Ic - n-°m≥- {i-an-®p.- F-∂m¬- A-Xn-\m¬- Xs∂-
A-h-cp-sS- A-\p-bm-bn-I-fm¬- I-fn-bm-°-s∏-´p-!-
Jp-¿-B-≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- "".....-Cu- Jp-¿-B≥- t]m-sem-∂v- sIm-
≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-∂m-bn- a-\p-jy-cpw- Pn-∂p-I-fpw- H-∂n-®p-tN¿-∂m- F-¥p-sIm-≠v- Jp-¿B - ≥- - A-\\p-Ic- W
- o-ba - m-Wv?- C-kve
- mw-
epw- Xo-¿-®-bm-bpw- A-Xp-t]m-se-m-∂v- A-h¿- sIm-≠p-h-cn-√.- hn-tcm-[n-Iƒ- A-Xn-s\- F-Xn¿-°m≥- B-hp∂-sX-¥pw- sN-bv-
A-hcn¬- N-n-e¿- Nn-e¿-°v- ]n-¥p-W- \¬-Ip-∂X-m-bm¬- t]m- Xn-´pw-!- A-h¿- ]-d-bp-∂-t]m-se- 7˛mw- \q-‰m-≠n-se- H-cp- A-d-
epw-''- (17:-88).- _n- I-®-h-S-°m-c-s‚- \n¿-an-Xn-bm-Wv- A-sX-¶n¬- A-h¿-s°m-
∂pw- A-Xv- F-¥p-sIm-≠- v- I-gn-bp-∂n-√?- sh-fn-]m-Sp-Iƒ-°p-ti-
""A-X-√,- A-t±-lw- A-Xv- sI-ń-®-a-®p- F-∂m-tWm- A-h¿-
jw- N-cn-{X-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- hm-bn-°-p-I-bpw- Hm¿-an-
]-d-bp-∂-Xv?- ]-d-bp-I-:- F-∂m¬- C-Xp-t]m-se-bp-≈- ]-Øv- A-
°p-I-bpw- _-lp-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw sN-øp-∂- ]p-kv-X-I-am-
[ym-b-ßƒ- N-a-®p-≠m-°n-b-Xv- \n-ßƒ- sIm-≠p-h-cq. A-√m-
bn- Jp-¿-B-≥- am-dn-b-sX-¥p-sIm-≠v?- D-Ø-cw- h-f-sc- e-fn-X-
lp-hn-\p-]p-d-sa-- \n-ß-ƒ-°v- km-[n-°p-∂-h-sc-sb-√mw- \n-ßƒ-
am-Wv.- A-Xv- A-Xy-∂X- \- m-bA- √- mlp-hn-¬\- n-∂v- D-≠m-bX - mWv.-
hn-fn®p-sIm-≈p-I-bpw- sN-øp-I.-- \n-ßƒ- k-Xyhm-∑m-cm-sW-
a-\p-jy- {i-a-^-e-a-√.- A-Xn-s‚- Ip-‰-a-‰- k-tμ-i-hpw- A-\p-I-
¶n¬-''- (11:- 13).-
cn-°m-\m-hm-Ø- ssi-en-bpw- A-Xn-\p-≈- km-£n-]-{X-am-Wv.-
""]-d-bp-I-:- F-∂m¬- C-
Xp-t]m-se-bp-≈- ]-Øv-
A- [ ym- b - ß ƒ- N- a - ® p-
≠m- ° n- b - X v - \n- ß ƒ-
sIm-≠p-h-cq. A-√m-lp-
hn-\p-]p-d-sa-- \n-ß-ƒ-°v-
km- [ n- ° p- ∂ - h - s c- s b-
√mw- \n-ßƒ- hn-fn®p-
sIm-≈p-Ib - pw- sN-øp-I.-
-\n-ßƒ- k-Xyhm-∑m-cm-
sW-¶n¬-''- (11:- 13).-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 14
ssh-Ip-t∂-c-tØm-sS- A-Xv- am-‰p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- H-cp- h≥-
A-]-I-Sw- \-sΩ- am-‰n-a-dn-°p-∂p.- A-hn-izm-kn-I-sf- hn-izm-kn-
I-fm-bpw- a-dn-®pw.- G-Xv- k-a-b-Øpw- \mw- ]-c-kv-]-c- hn-cp-≤-am-
b- Im-cy-ßƒ- a-\- n¬- sIm-≠p-\-S-°p-∂p.- Nn-e-t∏mƒ- \mw-
A-Xym-{K-ln-I-fpw- kzm¿-Y-cp-am-Wv.- a-‰p-Nn-e-t∏mƒ- D-Zm-c-a-Xn-
I-fpw- \n-kzm¿-Y-cpw- a-d-hn,- \n¿-_-\v-[-n-°¬,- ]m-]-Øn-te-°v-
\-bn-°p-I,- h-g-ßp-I,- sX-‰v- sN-øp-I- C-h-sb-√mw- a-\p-jy-k-
l-P-am-Wv.- ]-t£,- Jp-¿-B-≥- A-Xn-s‚- a-\- v- H-cn-°-epw- am‰p-
∂n-√.- B-dm-bn-c-Øn-e-[n-Iw- h-N-\-ß-fp-≈- Jp-¿-B≥- H-scm‰-
k-tμ-iw- \¬-Ip-∂p-;- A-Xn-s\- D-d-∏n-°p-∂p,- hn-]peo-I-cn-°p-
∂p,-- B-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p˛ k-Zm-Nm-c]-c-hpw- \n-b-a-]-c-hp-am-b-
coXn-bn¬- H-cp- [¿-a-kw-ln-X- kv-Ym-]n-°p-∂p.-
_p-≤n-°pw- bp-Iv-X-n-°p-ap-≈- B-lzm-\w
J-p-¿-B-≥- H-cn-°-epw- A-Xn-s‚- A-\p-bm-bn-I-tfm-Sv- A-Xn-
s‚- A-\v-[-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-hm≥- ]-d-bp-∂n-√.- A-Xn-\p-]-I-cw-
A-Xv- bp-Iv-Xn-bpw- _p-≤n-bpw- D-]-tbm-Kn-°m≥- B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-
∂p.- bp-Iv-Xn-bpw- a-\- pw- hn-Im-c-hpw- lr-Z-b-hpw- hn-`-Pn-°p-
∂- B-[p-\n-I- XØ-z-im-kv-{X-ßƒ-°v- ]-I-cw- A-Xv- A-h- hn`-
J-p¿-B-\n-s≥-d- B-I¿-j-I-hpw- \n-Xm-¥-hp-am-b- k-tμ-iw- Pn-°m≥- I-gn-bm-Ø- co-Xn-bn¬- _-\v-[-s∏-´-sX-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂p.-
""A-t∏mƒ- A-h¿- Jp¿-B-≥- Nn-¥n-®p- a-\- n-em-°p-∂n-t√?-
""em- C-em-l- C-√-√m-lv''- ˛A-√m-lp-h-√m-sX- th-sdm-cp-
B-cm-[y-\p-an-√-˛ F-∂-Xm-Wv- Jp-¿-B-\n--s‚- Im-X¬.- Jp-¿-B- A-X-√- lr-Z-b-ßfn-t∑¬- ]q-´p-I-fn-ń-cn-°-bm-tWm?-''- (47:-24).-
\n--s‚- G-‰-hpw- B-I¿-j-I-am-b- h-iw- Cu- k-tμ-i-am-Wv.- Jp¿- Jp¿-B-≥- bp-Iv-Xn- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈- H-cp- D-Zm-l-
B-≥- A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\- sN-øp-∂-Xv- F-√m- P-\-hn-`m-K-ß-sf- c-Ww-:- ""A-X-√-,- A-h¿- iq-\y-X-bn¬-\n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏-´-n-cn-
bp-am-Wv.- A-h-cp-sS- \n-e-\n¬-]n-s‚- D-t±-iw- A-Xv- sh-fn-hm- °p-I-bm?- A-tXm- A-h¿- X-s∂-bm-tWm- {k-jv-Sm-°ƒ?- AX-
°p-∂p.- a\p-jy-hw-iw- kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏-´-Xv- {k-jv-Sm-hpw-- b-P-am- √,- B-Im-ih - pw- `q-an-bpw- \n¿an-®X
- v- A-hc- mtWm?- A-√!- - Ah¿-
\\pam-b- G-I- ssZ-h-sØ- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m-\pw- B-cm-[n-°m- Zr-V-am-bn- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂n-√''--- (52:-35˛36).-
\p-am-Wv.- a-t‰-sXm-cp- X-Ø-z-im-kv-{X-sØ-°m-fpw- a-X-sØ-°m- hn-a¿-i-I-tcm-Spw- X-≈n-∏-d-bp-∂-h-tcm-Sp-ap-≈- A-Xn-s‚-
fpw- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- k-tμ-iw- bp-Iv-Xn-`-{Z-hpw- {]-Ir-Xn-]-c-hpw- ap-∂-dnhpw- ]q¿-h-{I-bm-[n-Im-c-hpw-
B-Xv-ao-b- kw-Xr-]v-Xn- \¬-Ip-∂-Xpam-Wv.- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy- B-[p-\n-I- A-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ-°pw- Hm-dn-b‚-en-
H-scm-‰- ssZ-h-ta-bp-≈q.- \o-Xn-am-\pw- I-cp-Wm-a-b-\p-am-b- kv-‰p-Iƒ-°pw- Jp-¿-B-≥- a-\p-jy- \n¿-an-X-am-sW-∂- B-tcm-
ssZ-hw.- k¿-h-i-Iv-X-\pw- k¿-h-Pv-Rm-\n-bp-am-b- ssZ-hw.- a\p- ]-Ww- ]p-Ø-s\m-∂p-a-√.- A-Xv- Jp-¿-B-t\m-fw- X-s∂- ]-g-b-
jy¿- H-‰-s°m-‰-°v- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- ap-∂n¬- \n¬-°p-∂p.-- H-cp- Xpw- Jp-¿-B-≥ X-s∂- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-™-Xp-am-Wv.- Jp-¿-B-\ns\-
{]tXy-I- hw-i-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-I,- kn-≤-s≥-d- k-lm-b-ap-≠-m- X-≈n-∏-d-™- a-°-°m¿-°v- A-Xn-\v- h-f-sc-tb-sd- Im-c-W-
hp-I,- ssZ-h-Øn-s‚- A-Ω-bn-tem- ssZ-h-]p-{X-\n-tem- hn-izm- ßƒ- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- A-Xv- I-hn-X-bm-Wv.- cm-jv-{So-bm-[n-Im-
k-ap-≠m-hp-I- Xp-S-ßn-b- bm-sXm-cp- Ip-dp-°p-h-gn-I-fp-an-√. hn- cw- I-ø-S-°m-\p-≈- X-{¥-am-Wv,- {`m-¥m-Wv,- a-{¥-hm-Z-hpw- I¨-
P-bn-°m≥- \o-Xn-]q¿-h-I-hpw- km¿-h-{Xn-I-hp-am-b- H-cp- h-gn- sI-´p-am-Wv,- {]-hm-N-I≥- {In-kv-Xym-\n-I-fn¬-\n-∂pw- t]¿-jy-
tb-bp-≈q.- ssZ-h-Øn¬- am-{Xw- hn-iz-kn-°p-I.- I¿-a-ßƒ-sIm- °m-cn¬-\n-∂pw- ]-Tn-®-Xm-Wv- Xp-S-ßn- ]-e-Xpw.- B-tcm-]-W-
≠v- A-Xv- {]-I-Sn-∏n-°p-I.- Øn-ep-≈- A-hc - p-sS- Ir-Xy-Xb
- n-√m-ba
v- X
- s
- ∂- A-hc
- X
- n¬- hniz-
Jp-¿-B-≥-:- B-¥-cn-I- bp-Iv-Xn-bp-Iv-X-X- kn-®n-cp-∂n-√- F-∂v- Im-Wn-°p-∂p.-
G-I-ssZ-h- hn-izm-k-tØm-Sp-≈- ssh-cp-[yw- {]-I-S-am-°p- C-kv-em-an-s‚- ]p-Ø≥- i-{Xp-°ƒ- Iq-ń-t®¿-Ø-Xn-Xm-Wv.-
∂- H-cp- \n¿-tZ-i-tam- H-cp- I-Y-tbm- Jp-¿-B-\n-en-√.- Hm-tcm- {]- (a-°b- n-se- A-hn-izm-kn-If
- p-tS-Xn-s\-°m-fpw)- ""A-Xv- kw-c£ - n-
kv-Xm-h-\-bpw- G-I-ssZ-h- hn-izm-kw- D-u-ń-bp-d-∏n-°p-∂-Xm- °-s∏-´-tXm- A-Xn-se- hm-°p-Iƒ- ap-l-Ω-Zn-s‚-tbm- A-√-!-''-
Wv.- ""A-h¿- Jp-¿-B-\n-s\-∏-‰n- Nn-¥n-°p-∂n-t√?- A-Xv- A-√m- ]p-Ø≥- A-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- A-hc - p-sS- ]q¿-hn- I
- c
- m-b- G-gmw- \q‰m-
lp-h-√m-Ø-h-cp-sS- ]-°¬-\n-∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- Ah- ≠n-se- hn-{K-lm-cm-[-I-sc-t]m-se-X-s∂- ""N-cn-{X''-Øn-s‚-
c-Xn¬- [m-cm-fw- ssh-cp-[yw- I-s≠-Øp-am-bn-cp-∂p''- (4:-82).- apJw- aq-Sn-b-Wn-™v- Jp-¿-B-\n-s≥-d-- B-[n-Im-cn-I-X-sb-
tNmZyw- sN-øp-∂p.-
G-Xv- a-\p-jy- k-am-l-c-W-Øn-epw- sN-dp-Xm-bm-epw- h-ep-
Xm-bm-epw- [m-cm-fw- B-¥-cn-I- ]n-i-Ip-I-fpw- A-bp-Iv-Xn-bpw- A-Xn-s‚- _-lpam-\y-X-;- B-Xv-a-hn-izm-kw-
D-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.- \-Ωƒ- a-\p-jy¿ H-∂v- ]-d-bp-I-bpw- a-s‰m-∂v- ""A-en-^v˛- em-w˛-dm-.- H-cp- {]-am-W{- K-Ÿa
- s
- {X- C-Xv.- C-Xnse-
{]-h¿-Øn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- c-m-hn-se- H-∂v- Nn-¥n-°p-I-bpw- h-N-\-ßƒ- B-i-b-`-{Z-X-bp-≈-Xm-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.- ]n-∂o-S-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 15
"".....- C u- Jp¿- B ≥-
t]m-sem-∂v- sIm-≠p-
h-cp-∂-Xn-∂m-bn- a-\p-
jy-cpw- Pn-∂p-I-fpw-
H∂n-®p-tN¿-∂m-epw-
Xo-¿-®-bm-bpw- A-Xp-
t]m- s e- m - ∂ v - A- h ¿-
sIm-≠p-h-cn-√.- A-h
cn¬- N-n-e¿- Nn-e¿-°v-
]n-¥p-W- \¬-Ip-∂
Xm- b m¬- t]m- e pw- ''-
(17:-88).-
Xv- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.- bp-‡n-am-\pw- kq-£v-a-⁄m- ®p-sIm-Sp-°p∂-Xm-Wv.- \n-s≥-d- c-£n-Xm-hv- G-Xp- Im-cy-Øn\pw-

\n-bp-am-b- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- A-Sp-°¬-\n-∂p-≈-X-s{X- C-Xv''- km-£n-bm-Wv- F-∂-Xp- X-s∂- a-Xn-bm-b-X-t√?-''- (41:-53).- Jp-¿-
(11:-1).-- ""A-Xn-s≥-d- ap-∂n-eqsS-tbm- ]n-∂n-eq-sS-tbm- A-Xn¬- B-\n--s‚- A-Xv-`pXw- im-kv-{Xo-b-am-b- A-dn-hv- A-Xv- \¬-Ip-
A-k-Xy-a- h-s∂-Øp-I-bn-√.- bp-‡n-am-\pw- kv-Xp-Xy¿-l-\p- ∂p- F-∂pam-{X-a√ - ,- A-Xv- A-ßs
- \-bm-sW-∂v- H-cn-°epw- Ah-
am-bp-≈-h-s≥-d- ]-°¬-\n-∂v- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´-X-s{X- A-Xv''- Im-i-s∏-Sp-I-tbm- {i-an-°p-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xn-ń-√.- Jp-¿-B-\n-s‚-
(41:-42).- D-t±-iw- A-Xn-t\-°mƒ- a-l-Ø-c-am-Wv.- -B-Xy-¥n-I- k-Xy-ß-
Jp-¿-B-≥- F-gp-Øp-Im-c-\v- A-sXm-cn-°-epw- I-f-¶-s∏-Sp- sf-°p-dn-®v- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-I˛ a-\p-jy¿-°v- A-dn-bm-Ø-Xpw- ap-gp-h-
Øm≥- I-gn-bn-√- F-∂v- F-ß-s\- A-dn-bm≥- I-gn-™p?- hym-P- \m-bn- H-cn-°-epw- A-dn-bm≥- I-gn-bm-Ø-Xp-am-b- k-Xy-ß-sf-
am-b- H-∂n-\pw- ap-∂n¬-\n-t∂m- ]n-∂n¬-\n-t∂m- k-ao-]n-°m≥- °p-dn-®v.- Jp-¿-B-≥ A-Xn-s‚- a-l-Øm-b- k-tμ-iw- kw-h-Zn-
I-g-n-bn-√- F-∂v- F-ß-s\- D-d-∏m-bn- {]-Jym-]n-°m≥- I-gn-™p?- °m≥- th-≠n- {]-Ir-Xn- {]-Xn-`m-k-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v- ]-tcm-£-
A-Xn-s‚- I¿-Øm-hv- H-cp- a-\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬- A-_p-el- kqN-\-Iƒ- \¬-Ip-∂p-≠v.- A-Xn-s‚- im-kv-{Xo-b- A-Xv-`p-X-
_v- a-c-Ww-h-sc- -a-p-kv-en-am-hp-I-bn-√- F-∂v- F-ß-s\- D-d-t∏m- sa-∂-Xv- Cu- kq-N-\-I-fm-∂pw- sX-‰m-bn-cp-∂n-√- F-∂-Xn-em-
Sp-Iq-Sn- {]h-Nn-°m≥- I-gn-™p?-- (kq-dx-- A¬- a-kZ- v);-- A-s√¶n¬- Wv.- B- \q-‰m-≠n¬- a-\p-jy¿-°v- A-dn-bm≥- I-gn-bm-Ø- hn-i-
tdm-a°m¿- t]¿-jy-°m-sc- ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-sa-∂-v?- (kq-dx- Zmw-i-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈- kq-N-\-Iƒ- t]m-epw!-
A¿-dqw-);-- A-s√-¶n¬- A-]a - m-\I - c
- a
- m-b- lp-ssZ-_n-bm- k-am[m- G-gmw- \q-‰m-≠n-se- P-\-X-sb- B-I¿-jn-°m≥- \¬-Ip-∂-
\- I-cm-dn-\p-ti-jh - pw- ap-ke v- nw-Iƒ- hn-Pb - n-If
- m-Ip-sa-∂v?- (kqd- im-kv-{Xo-b- hn-h-c-ßƒ- F-∂- \n-ebv-°v- C-Xn-s\-√mw- sX-‰p-
A¬-^-Xv-lv-);-- A-s√-¶n¬- {In-kv-Xym-\n-I-sf-°m-fpw- Pq-X-∑m- Iƒ- kw-`-hn-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p.- Jp-¿-B-\n-s≥-d- Im-e-Øv- im-kv-
cpw- _-lp-ssZ-h-h-m-Zn-I-fpw- B-bn-cn-°pw- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS- G‰- {X-hp-am-bn- A-d-_n-Iƒ-°v- hn-Zq-c- ]-cn-N-bw-t]m-epw- D-≠m-bn-
hpw- h-en-b- i-{Xp-°-sf-∂v-˛ A-h-cn¬- Z-bm-hm-bv-]p-≈-h¿-°v- cp-∂n-√.-
ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv- ar-Zp-e- k-ao-]-\-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂v-?- (5:-82);- 1400 h¿-j-ßƒ-°v- ap-ºv-,- H-cp- Im-f-bp-sS- sIm-ºn-em-Wv-
ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv- {In-kv-Xym-\n-I-sf-°mƒ- Iq-´p-Iq-Sn- Pq-X-∑m- `q-an- C-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂v- hn-iz-kn-®n-cp-∂- P-\-X-bp-sS- Im-e-Øv-
¿-°pw- a-°° - m¿-°pw- Jp-¿B - ≥ - sX-‰m-sW-∂v- sX-fn-bn-®p-IqSm- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv- Jp-¿-B-≥- F-gp-Øp-Im-c-\v- Xm-sg- ]-d-bp-∂-
am-bn-cp-∂n-t√?-- Im-cy-ßƒ- A-dn-bm≥- I-gn-bp-I?.-
Cu- {]-h-N-\-ß-sf-√mw- {]-h-m-N-I-\m-b- ap-l-Ω-Zn-s‚-()- 1.- F-√m- Po-h-\pw- P-e-Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏-´-Xv.-
Po-hn-X-Im-e-sØ- Im-cy-ß-sf-]-‰n-bm-Wv.- A-Xv- sX-‰m-Im-am- (a-\p-jy-tIm-i-Øn-se- ssk-t‰m-πm-k-Øn-s≥-d- 80 i-X-am-\w-
bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂m¬- A-tXm-tcm-∂pw- i-cn-bm-bn- h-∂p.- H-cp- \mSy- P-e-am-Wv- F-∂v- B¿-°-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p?).-
°m-c≥- F-¥p-sIm-≠v- C-Ø-c-sam-cp- A-]-I-S-I-c-am-b- kv-Yn-
2.- B-Im-i-hpw- `q-an-bpw- H-cn-°¬- H-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.- (1973¬-
Xn-bn¬- kz-bw- A-h-\-h-s\-Ø-s∂- {]-Xn-jv-Tn-°-Ww?
t\m-_¬- k-Ωm-\w- t\-Sn-b- Big Bang Xn-b-dn- Cu- A-Sn-kv-
im-kv-{X-Øn-\pta-ep-≈- Jp¿B-\n-s‚-- Hu-∂-Xyw- Ym-\- B-i-b-sØ- i-cn-sh-°p-∂p.-
im-kv-{X- km-t¶-Xn-I- bp-K-Øn¬- Jp-¿-B-\n¬-- ]-d-bp-∂- 3.- ]p-jv-]-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw- tX≥- kw-`-cn-°p-∂- tX-\o-®-
hm-Kv-Zm-\-ßƒ- H-cp- ]p-Xn-b- co-Xn-bn¬- k-Xy-am-bn-s°m-≠n- s]¨- tX-\o-®-bm-Wv- (Jp-¿-B-≥ 16:-68);- Cu- \q-‰m-≠n¬- am-
cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- ""C-Xv- (Jp-¿-B-≥)- k-Xy-am-sW-∂v- A-h¿-°v- {X-am-Wv- im-kv-{X-Pv-R¿- \-Ω-tfm-Sv- B¨ tX-\o-®- Iq-Sv- hn-´p-
hy-‡a - m-IØ
- °
- h - Æ
- w- hn-hn-[- Zn-°p-If
- n-epw- A-hc
- n¬- Xs∂- t]m-In-√- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv).- B- Im-e-L-´-Øn¬- B-cm-WnX-
bpw- \-Ωp-sS- Zr-j-vSm-¥-ßƒ- h-gn-sb- \mw- A-h¿-°v- Im-W-n- dn-™-Xv-?-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 16
bn-e√m-sX- kw-{K-ln-®- co-Xn-bn¬- hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xv- \o-Xn-]q¿-
h-I-am-bn-cn-°-p-I-bn-√.- "Jp-¿-B-\n-t\m-Sp-≈- k-ao-]-\w-:- BZy-
ap-≠m-b- sh-fn-]m-Sp-Iƒ-'- F-∂,-- s{]m-^-k¿- ssa-°nƒ- sk-
√n-s‚- ]p-kv-X-Iw- Cw-•o-jn-ep-≈- Jp-¿-B-\n≥-d- km-ln-Xy-]-
c-am-b- Hu-∂-Xy-sØ-Ip-dn-®v- h-f-sc- \-∂m-bn- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-
∂p-≠v.- A-Xv- Rm≥- hm-b-\-°m¿-°v- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.-
A-Xn-s‚- A-e-¶m-c- _-lp-e-am-b- D¬-Ir-jv-S-X-bpw- \n¿-a-
e-am-b- hm-°p-I-fp-sS- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏pw-
Jp-¿-B-\n-s≥-d-- `m-jm-]-c-am-b- ku-μ-cy-sØ-bpw- Ir-Xy-
X-sb-bpw- Ip-dn-®v- ap-kv-enw- ]-W-vUn-X-∑m¿- A-h-cp-sS- Po-hnXw-
4-.- K¿-`-]m-{X-Øn-ep-≈- kr-jv-Sn-bp-sS- L-´-ßƒ˛- H-cp- _o- ap-gp-h-\pw- ]-Tn-°p-I-bpw- A-Xn-s\-]∏-‰n- [m-cm-fw- F-gp-Xp-I-
P-Øn¬-\n-∂v- (\p-Xv-^-)- A-e-Iv(A-´-sb-t]m-ep-≈Xv-),- A-e- bpw- sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v.- a-p-^vXn-- X-J-n- D-Y-vam-\n- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚-
In¬-\n-∂v- apZv-Kz- (N-h-®-c-®- amw-k-Øn-s‚- I-j-Ww t]m-ep- "Jp-¿-B-≥- im-kv-{X-tØm-Sp-≈- k-ao-]-\w'- F-∂- ]p-kv-X-I-
≈-X)v- ,-- `m-Kn-Ia
- m-bn- cq-]w- {]m-]n-®X
- pw- `m-Kn-Ia
- m-bn- cq-]w- {]m]n- Øn¬- C-Ø-cw- Nn-e- ]-T-\-ß-sf-Ip-dn-®p-≈- ]-ń-I-Iƒ,- hn-h-
°m-Ø-Xpw,- ]n-∂o-Sv- F-√p-Iƒ- h-f-cp-∂p.....- (22:-5,- 23:-14)- Cu- c-ßƒ- sIm-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v.- a-c-Ww- F-∂- hm-°n-\v- Jp-¿-B-\n-
hn-h-c-W-ßƒ- B-[p-\n-I- im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn- D-d-∏n-°-s∏-´-- Cu- s≥-d- sX-cs - ™-Sp-∏v- C-Xn-s\m-cp- D-Zm-lc- W- a- m-Wv.- Jp-¿B - \n\v-
h-kv-Xp-X-Iƒ- Jp-¿-B-\n-s≥-d- ssZ-hn-I-am-b- D-Xv-`-h-Øn-\p-≈- ap-ºv- A-d-_n-bn¬- a-c-W-Øn-\v- G-‰-hpw- Ip-d-™-Xv- c-≠v-
sX-fn-hp-I-fm-Wv.- Jp-¿-B\n-se- Cu- h-N-\-ßƒ- ]-Tn-®-ti-jw- Uk≥- hm-°p-I-sf-¶n-ep-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂m¬- Jp-¿-B-\n-
{]-kn-≤- {^-©v- im-kv-{X-⁄-\m-b- tam--d n-kv _p-°m-bv- C-kv- ep-]t- bm-Kn-®- au-Øv- (Mawt) A - s- √-¶n¬- X-h^ - ^
v- n- - (Tawaffi)
emw- a-Xw- kzo-I-cn-®p-!- - F-∂- ]-Zw A-Xv-`p-X-I-c-am-b- Ir-Xy-X-bpw- A-km-am-\y-am-b-
A-X-n-s‚- {]-h-N-\-ßƒ- Dƒ-s°m-gv-N-bp-≈-Xp-am-Wv.-
Jp-¿-B-\n-se- Nn-e- {]-h-N-\-ßƒ- A-Sp-Ø-Im-e-Øv- AXv- `q-cn-`m-Kw A-d-_n- ]-Z-ß-fpw- ]-cym-b-ß-fpw- a-c-W-sØ-
`p-X-I-c-am-b- co-Xn-bn¬- k-Xy-am-bn.- A-Xn-sem-∂v- Rm≥- C- ]q¿-W-am-b- \m-iw- F-∂m-W¿-Y-am-°p-∂-Xv.- F-∂m¬- Jp-¿-
hn-sS- ]-d-bmw.- tam-is-b-bpw- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- A-\p-Km-an-I- B-≥- ]-Zß - ƒ- Po-hn-XØ
- n-se- H-cp- L-´s
- Ø-bm-Wv- a-cW
- sØ-
sf-bpw- hn-d-∏n-®,-- ap-ßn-a-cn-°m≥- t]m-Ip-∂- ^-tdm-hm- cm-Pm- ]-Zw-sIm-≠v- A¿-Y-am-°p-∂-Xv.-
hn-t\m-Sv- ssZ-hw- C-ß-s\- ]-d-™p-:- ""F-∂m¬- \n-s≥-d- ]p-d- A-Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂- A-d-_n-bn-se- ]-e- tLm-c-i-_v-Z-ß-
sI- h-cp-∂-h¿-°v- H-cp- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-am-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xn-\p-th-≠n- fp-≠m-°p-∂- ]-Z-ßƒ- H-gn-hm-°n- G-‰-hpw- \-√-Xpw- {ip-Xn-a[p-
C∂p- \n-s≥-d- i-co-c-sØ- \mw- c-£-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xm- chp-am-b- ]-Z-ß-fm-Wv- D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.- C-ß-s\-b-√m-Ø-
Wv.- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- a-\p-jy-cn¬- [m-cm-fw- t]¿- \-Ω-p-sS- Zr-jv-
]-Z-ßƒ- ]-cp-j-am-b- ]-cn-X-kv-Yn-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®v- ]-d-bp-tºm-
Sm-¥-ß-sf-]-‰n- A-{i-≤-cm-Ip-∂p''-- (10:-92).- ^-tdm-h-sb-°-p-dn-
tg- D-]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≈q.- A-Xpw- ku-μ-cy-Øn-\v- tIm-´w- X´m-
®p-≈- ]-cm-a¿-iw- C-Xn-\p-ap-ºv- ss_-_n-fn¬- am-{X-ta-bp-≈q.-
Ø-hn-[w.- A-d-_n-`m-j- A-dn-bp-∂-h-cpw- Jp¿-B-\n-se- A-∂-
A-sXm-cn-°-epw- ^-tdm-bp-sS- i-co-c-sØ- c-£n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-
Pv-av- F-∂- A-[ym-bw- hm-bn-®n-´p-≈-h-cp-am-b- G-sXm-cmƒ-°pw-
Ip-dn-®v- H-∂pw- ]-d-bp-∂n-√.- ""P-ew- a-S-ßn-h-∂p.- I-S-en-te-°v-
Zo-km (A-\o-Xn)-- F-∂- ]-cp-j-am-b- ]-Zw- (22˛mw- h-N-\-Øn¬)-
h-∂- ^-tdm-bp-sS- B-XntY-b¿,- A-h-cp-sS- c-Y-ß-fpw- Ip-Xn-c-
°m-cpw- Ip-Xn-c-I-fpw- a-S-ßn-h-∂- sh-≈-Øn¬- ap-ßn-t∏m-bn.- F-{X- i-Iv-X-am-b- co-Xn-bn-emWv- Jp-¿-B-\n¬- D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-
A-h-cn-sem-cm-fpw- ti-jn-®n-√''-- (]p-d-∏m-Sv- 4:-28). aq-hm-bn-cw- °p-∂-Xv- F-∂v- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bpw.-
h¿-j-ßƒ-°v- ti-jw- 1907¬- ^-tdmh≥-Im-e-sØ- a-Ωn-Iƒ- A-Xn-s≥d- {]-_p-≤-am-b- B-Xv-ao-tbm-∂-Xn-bp-≈-
Ipgn-s®-Sp-°p-I-bpw- im-kv-{X- ]-cn-tim-[-\-°v- hn-t[-b-am-°p- B-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ-
I-bpw- sN-bv-X- Elliot Smith. The Royal Mummies F-∂- ]p- ""A-√m-lp-hm-Wv- G-‰-hpw- D-Ø-a-am-b- h-¿-Ø-am-\w- A-h-
kv-X-I-Øn¬- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- I-s≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ- {]-kn-≤o-I- X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- A-Y-hm- h-N-\ßƒ-°v- ]-c-kv-]-c- kmay-
cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- (tam-dn-kv- _p-°m-bv- - The Bible, The ap-≈-Xpw- B-h¿-Øn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ h-N-\-ß-fp-≈-Xp-am-b- H-cp-
Quran and Science, page. 241). sI-bv-tdm-bn-se- ayq-kn-b- {K-Ÿw.- X-ß-fp-sS- c-£n-Xm-hn-s\- `-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-sS- N¿-a-
Øn¬-h-®n-´p-≈- H-cp- a-Ωn- tam-i-bp-sS- Im-e-sØ- ^-tdm-h- ßƒ- A-Xp-\n-an-Øw- tc-m-am-©-a-Wn-bp-∂p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- A-h-cpsS-
bp-tS-Xm-sW-∂v- hn-iz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv- 14 \q- N¿-a-ß-fpw- lr-Z-b-ß-fpw- A-√m-lp-sh- A-\p-kv-a-cn-°p-∂-Xn-
‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºv- Jp-¿-B-\n-\- v- C-°m-cyw- D-d-∏m-bpw- {]-h-Nn-
\m-bn- hn-\o-X-am-Ip-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- A-X-s{X- A-√m-lp-hn-
°m≥- Ign-™-Xv-!- A-Xpw- a-Ω-n-bm-°-s∏-´- v- 16 \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-
s≥-d- am¿-K-Z¿-i-\w.........-.-''- (39:-23).-
°p-ti-jw!-- a‰m¿-°pa-dn-bm-Ø- A-°m-cyw- Jp-¿-B-s\-ß-s\-
A-dn-™p?- A-d_ - n- km-ln-Xy-sØ-°p-dn-®v- A-dn-hp-≈h - ¿-s°-√mw- Ad-
_n-Iƒ- hm-°p-Iƒ- B-h¿-Øn-°m≥- C-jv-S-s∏-Sp-∂p- F-∂-
`m-j-
Im-cyw- A-dn-bmw.- A-h¿-°v- sNm-√m-\pw- A-h-cp-t±-in-°p-∂-
Jp-¿-B-\n-s≥-d- `m-j-bp-S- {]-tXy-I-X-I-sf-°-p-dn-®v- A-d-_n- Im-cyw- hy-Iv-X-am-°m-\pw.-- B-[p-\-n-I- Bw-K-te-bw- B-h¿-Ø-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 17
ºpjvS- a
- m-°p-∂X
- n¬- hn-Pb- n-®X
- p-sIm-≠m-Wv- Jp-¿B
- ≥
- hmb-
\- \-sΩ- t_m-d-Sn-∏n-°m-Ø-Xv.- Hm-tcm- J-Wv-Un-I-bpw- Hm-tcm-
]p-\¿-hm-b-\-bn-epw- Hm-tcm- ]p-Xn-b- A¿Yw- \-Ωp-sS- a-\- n-
te-°Xv- ]-I-cp-∂p.-
A-Xn-s‚- I-Y- ]-d-®n¬-
""\n-\-°v- Cu- Jp¿-B≥- t_m-[-\w- \¬-In-b-Xp -h-gn G-‰-
hpw- \-√- N-cn-{X- hn-h-c-W-am-Wv- \mw- \n-\-°v- \¬-In-s°m-
≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- C-Xn-\p-ap-ºv- \o- A-Xn-s\-∏-‰n-
t_m-[-an-√m-Ø-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p''--- (12: 3).-
Jp-¿-B-\n-se-bpw- ss_-_n-fn-se-bpw- B-Jym-\- I-Y-I-sf-
Ip-dn-®v- am-en-Iv- s_-∂-_n- "Jp¿-B-≥- {]-Xn-`m-kw'- F-∂- A-
\-hpw- hm-Nm-e-X-bpw- hn-Ir-X-hpw- hn-e-£-W-hp-am-bn- I-cp-Xp-
t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬- \-ap-°v- hn-i-Z-am-°n-Ø-∂n-´p-
∂p.- Jp-¿B-\n-ep-≈- B-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ- B-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-\p-th-
≠v-.- ss_-_n-fn-se- bq-kp--^n-s‚-()- I-Y-\-co-Xn-bpw- ssZhw-
≠n-bp-≈- B-h¿-Ø-\-ß-f-√.- A-h- F-t∏m-gpw- kw-£n-]v-X-
A-°-Y- kz-bw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xpw- X-Ωn-ep-≈- ssh-Pm-Xyw- h-f-sc-
am-bn- hy-Xy-kv-X- A¿-Yß-sf- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂p.- A-{X-am-{Xw-
kv-]-jv-S-am-Wv.- Jp-¿-B-\n-se- I-Y-\- co-Xn- A-\-¥-am-b- ktμ-
IrXy-hpw- A¿Y-k-ºp-jv-S-hp-am-W-h.- Jp-¿-B-\n¬- G-‰-hpw-
i-Øn-eq-∂n-bm-Wv-,- ap-Iƒ-∏-c∏-n-\v- Xm-sg-bp-≈- k-Ø- hy-Iv-
Iq-Sp-X¬- -B-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- ]-Z-ßƒ- A¿-d-lv-am≥,- A¿-dlnw-
X-am-°¬-;- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- am-{Xw- B-[n-Im-cn-I-am-bn- a-\- n-em-
F-∂n-h-bm-Wv.- c-≠v- ]-Z-Øn-s‚-bpw- A¿-Y-w- Im-cp-Wy-h-m≥-
°-m≥- I-gn-bp-∂h - .- N-cn-{X-]c
- a
- m-b- h-kX
v- pX-Is - f-°p- d
- n-®- IW-
F-∂m-Wv.- ]-t£,- hy-Xy-kv-X- A¿-Y-Øn¬.- Cu- c-≠v- ]-Z-ß-
s°-Sp-∏√ - - Jp-¿B
- ≥ - - I-YI - ƒ- ]-db- p-∂X - v.- A-hs- bm-s°- \Ωp-
fp-sS- e£ym¿-YsØ-Ip-dn-®v- [m-cm-fw- ]-Wv-Un-X- ]-T-\-ßƒ-
sS- a-\- n¬- F-t∏m-gp-ap-≠v.- -im-iz-X-am-b- B- h-kv-Xp-X-Iƒ-
\-S-∂n-´p-≠v.- F-∂m¬- A¿-d-lv-am≥- F-∂- ]-Z-Øn\v- Im-cp-
°Sn-bn-ep-≈- km¿-h-{Xn-I- k-Xy-Øn-em-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- {i-≤-
Wy-Øn-s≥-d- ho-in-b-Sn-°p-∂- sIm-Sp-¶m-‰v- F-∂- A¿-Y-hpw- bq-∂p-∂-Xv.-
A¿-d-lo--a n-\-- v- im-¥-am-sbm-gp-Ip-∂- \-Zn-t]m-ep-≈- Im-cp-Wy-
{]-hm-l-w- F-∂- A¿-Y-hp-w-- A-d-_n- ]-Wv-Un-X-sc-√mw- H-cp- A-Xn-s‚- ]m-cm-b-Ww-:- A-Xv-`p-X-I-cw,- kw-Ko-Xm-Xv-a-Iw,-
kp-J-km-{μw
t]mse- ]-d-™n-´p-≠v.-
Jp-¿B - \ - ns≥-d- ]m-cm-bW- w- sN-øp-∂X
- n-s\-°p-dn-®v- ""Xß-
Jp-¿-B-\n-se- a-s‰m-cm-h¿-Ø-\w- I-Y-I-fm-Wv.- F-∂m¬-
fp-sS- c-£n-Xm-hn-s\- `-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-sS- N¿-a-ßƒ- A-Xp-\n-
I-Y- ]-d-bp-tºm-sgm-s°- G-Xv- A¿-Y-am-tWm- A-Xv- [z-\n-∏n-
an-Øw- tc-m-am-©-a-Wn-bp-∂p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- A-h-cp-sS- N¿-a-ß-fpw-
°p-∂-Xv- A-Xn-s\-°-dn-®v- am-{X-sa- Jp-¿-B-≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-≈q.-
lr-Z-b-ß-fpw- A-√m-lp-sh- A-\p-kv-a-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn- hn-\o-
_m-°n-bp-≈- I-Y- hn-´-p-I-f-bp-∂p.- hn-P-vRm-\n-bm-b- H-cmƒ-
X-am-Ip-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p....-.-''- F-∂v- Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p(39:-
°v- B-h-iy-sa-¶n¬- Hm¿-an-°m-hp-∂- co-Xn-bn¬.- B-Zm-an-s‚-
23).- -]-\m-am- \-K-c-Øn-se- tUm.- A-l-va-Zv- A¬- J-m-Zn- C-Xv-
kr-jSv- n-sb-°p- d
- n-®v- Np-cp-ßn-bX
- v- G-gv- kvY
- e
- ß
- f
- n¬- Jp-¿B
- ≥-
]Tn-°m≥- th-≠n- Jp¿-B-≥- ]m-cm-b-Ww- \-S-Øp-∂-h-cp-sS-
]-d-bp-∂p-≠v.- ]-t£,- F-√m-bn-t∏m-gpw- hy-Xy-kv-X- Im-cy-ß-
i-co-c-Øn¬- I-ºyq-´¿- L-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- A-h-cp-sS- lr-Z-b-an-
fnem-W- v- Du-∂¬-.- A¬- _J-d-bn¬- kr-jv-Sn-sb-°-p-dn-®v- ]-d-
Sn-∏v,- c-Iv-X-k-Ω¿-Zw,- c-Iv-X-Øn-s‚- iym-\-X,- i-co-c-Xm-]w- XpS-
bm-\pw- A¬- A-Av-dm-^n-- ¬- ]n-i-m-Nn-s≥-d- N-Xn-sb-°-p-dn-®v- ]-
ß-n-b-h- A-f-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- ]-T-\-Øn¬-
d-bm-\pw- a-\p-jy-Xr-jv-W-sb- Iu-i-e-]q¿-hw- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-
Jp-¿-B-≥- ]m-cm-b-Ww- h-f-sc- B-izm-k-I-c-am-b- A-h-kv-Y-
∂-Xn-s\-°-p-dn-®v- ]-d-bm-\pw- Xz-m-l-bn¬- B-Zan-s≥-d- sX-‰n- bm-Wv- 97 i-X-am-\w- t]¿-°pw- \¬-Ip-∂-sX-∂v- sX-fn-bn-®p.-
s\-Ip-dn-®pw- a-\p-jycp-sS- Zu¿-_-ey-ßƒ,- a-d-hn,- ]-iv-Nm-Øm- a-kn-ep-I-fp-sS- ]n-cn-ap-dp°w- A-Xv- s]-s´-∂v- C-√mXm-°p-∂p.-
]w,- -ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- £-a- F-∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®v- ]-d-bm-\p-am-Wv- i-co-c-im-kv-{X-]-c-am-b- hy-Xym-k-ß-fm-Wv- Jp-¿-B-≥- ]m-cm-
Du-∂¬.- b-Ww- \¬-In-b-Xv.- a-‰v- A-d-_n- {K-\v-Y-ßƒ- hm-bn-°p-tºm-
B-h¿-Ø-\w-sIm-≠p-≈- a-s‰m-cp- {]-[m-\- t\-´w- Jp-¿-B- sgm-∂pw- C-Xp-≠m-Ip-∂n-√.- C-kv-em-an-Iv- sa-Un-kn-s≥-d- hm¿-
\n-s≥-d-- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- k-tμ-iw- Jp-¿-B-\n-s≥-d- G-Xv- t]-Pv- jn-I- I¨-sh≥-j-\n¬- (1984)- Cu- ]-T-\-Øn-s≥-d- ^-e-ßƒ-
hm-bn-®m-epw- \-ap-°v- a-\
- n-em-°m-sa-∂X
- m-Wv.- C-Xm-Wv- hmkv- hm-bn-°-p-I-bp-≠m-bn.- an-tkm-dn-bn-se- sk≥-d-eq-bn-kn-em-Wv-
X-h-Øn¬- Hm¿a-- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- a-\- -n¬- kq-£n-®p-sh- A-Xv \-S-∂-Xv.-
®- H-cp- _nw-_w- Iq-Sp-X¬- B-g-Øn¬- Nn-¥bv-°pw- a-\-\-Øn- Jp-¿-B-\n--s‚- ta¬-]-d-™- {]-tXy-I- kz-`m-h-ß-sf-°-p-dn-
\pw- th-≠n- Hm¿-an-°p-I.- Jp-¿-B-≥ a-t\m-l-c-am-b- H-cp- _nw- ®p-≈- N¿-®-Iƒ- C-hn-sS- h-f-sc- sN-dp-Xpw- A-]q¿-W-hp-am-
_w- cq-]-I¬-]-\- \-S-Øp-∂p-˛B-Xy-¥n-I- k-Xy-sØ-°-p-dn®v- Wv.- ]-t£,- Jp-¿-B-≥- A-Xn-s‚- F-Xn-cm-fn-Iƒ-°pw- A-Xn-
]-d-bm≥- A-Xv- hy-Xy-kv-X- B-i-b-ß-fpw- I-Y-I-fpw- B- kXy- s\- X≈n-∏-d-bp-∂-h¿-°pw- F-Xn-sc- D-b¿-Øp-∂- sh-√p-hn-fn-
Øn-te-°v- Nq-≠m≥-th-≠-n- \-tΩm-Sv- ]-d-bp-∂-p.- A-h- ho-≠pw- ˛A-sXm-cn-°-epw- A-\p-I-cn-°m-t\m- ]p-\¿-kr-jv-Sn-°m-t\m-
ho-≠pw- Hm¿-an-°m≥- \-sΩ- {]m-]v-X-cm-°p-∂p.- ]-c-kv-]-c- _\v- I-gn-bm-Ø-Xm-sW-∂v- Im-Wn-°m≥- C-Xp-X-s∂- [m-cm-fw- a-Xn.-
[w-sIm-≠pw- A-\-\y-X-sIm-≠pw- B-h¿-Ø-\-sØ- A¿-Yk-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 18
A-ap-kv-enw-I-fn¬-\n-∂pw-
Jp-¿-B-\n-s\-°-p-dn-®p-≈- D-≤-c-Wn-Iƒ-
tKm-bv-tY-, T P. Hughess‚- C-kv-emw- \n-L-≠p-hn¬- kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn- \n-c-£-c-\m-b- H-cmƒ- F-ß-s\-bm-sW-
\n-∂v- (t]-Pv- 526)-:- gp-Xp-I?- F-ßs - \-bm-Wb - mƒ- A-Xp-hs - c- I-s≠-Øm-Ø-
""\mw- Jp-¿-B-\n-te-°v- Xn-cn-bp-tºmƒ- B-Zyw- A-Xv- im-kv-{X- kz-`m-h-ap-≈- k-Xy-ßƒ- ]-d-bp-I?-- A-Xpw-
\-ap-°v- a-Sp-∏p-f-hm-°p-∂p.- {I-ta-W- \-sΩ- A-Xv- B-I¿- bmsXm-cp- sX-‰pw- Iq-Sm-sX!''--
jn-°p-∂p,- kv-X-_v-[-cm-°p-∂p.- `-Iv-Xym-Z-c-cm-°p-∂p.- A- ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛
Xn-s‚- ssi-en,- D-≈-S-°w,- D-t±-iw- C-h- h-f-sc- D-d-®Xpw- W. tam-≠v- tKm-a-dn- hm-´v,- "C-kv-em-apw- {In-kv-Xy≥- a-
a-l-Ø-c-hpw- sN-dp-Øp-\n¬-°m≥- ]-‰m-Ø-Xp-am-Wv.- X-hpw- C-∂v-'- London 1983, P IX:
AXv- \n-Xm-¥h - pw- t{i-jvT
- X - b
- p-≈X- p-am-Wv.- Cu- {K-\vYw-
F-°m-e-Øpw- A-Xn-s‚- a-l-Øm-b- kzm-[o-\w- sN-ep- ""Jp-¿-B-\n-epw-a-‰v- C-kv-em-an-I- ho-£-W-ß-fn-epw-
Øn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°pw''.- AS-ßn-b- Zn-hy-k-Xy-ß-sf-°-p-dn-®v- F-\n-°pw- F-s∂-
t]m-ep-≈- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy¿-°pw- [m-cm-fw- ]-Tn-°m-\p-≠v-
˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛
F∂v- Rm≥- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂p.- `m-hn-bn-se- H-scm-‰- a-X-
Pn.- am¿-tKm-en-tbm-Ø-v, J M Rodwells‚- "Zn- Jp¿-B- sa-∂- B-i-b-Øn-\v- cq-]-I¬-]-\- \-S-Øp-∂-Xn-\v- C-kv-
\n-'-s‚- ap-J-hp-c- (\yq-tbm¿-°v- Everyman's Library em-am-Wv- G-‰-hpw- tbm-Ky-X-bp-≈- t]m-cm-fn''.-
1977):
˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛
""tem-I-Øn-se- a-l-Øm-b- a-X-{K-\v-Y-ß-fn¬- h-f-sc-
k-hn-ti-j-am-b- kv-Ym-\-am-Wv- Jp¿-B-\n-\-p-≈-Xv.- C-Ø- Dr. kv‰ - nw-K -v-,- Hughess‚- C-kve - m-an-I- \n-L≠ - p-hn¬-
cw- {K-\v-Y-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- C-f-b-sX-¶n-epw- A-Xv-`p-X-I- \n-∂p-≈- D-≤-c-Wn:-
c-am-b- kzm-[o-\-am-Wv- A-Xv- hn-]p-e-am-b- P-\-hn-`m-K-ß- ""Jp-¿-B\n-s‚- km-ln-Xy-]-c-am-b- ta-∑- hn-e-bn-cp
fn-ep-≠m-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv.- A-Xv- a-\p-jy-Nn-¥-bp-sS- H-cp- tØ-≠X - v- G-sX-¶n-epw- ap≥-[m-cW - t- bm-sS-bp-≈- ]-cn[n-
]pXn-b- L-´-hpw- ]p-Ø≥- e-£-W-kz-`m-h-hpw- {]-I-Sn- Iƒ-sh-t®m- A-h-\-h-s‚- Xm¬-]-cy-ßƒ-°v- A-\p-k-cn-
∏n-°p-∂p.- A-Xv- A-td-_y≥- D-]-Zzo-]n-se- a-cp-{]-tZ-i- t®m- A-√;- A-Xv- ap-l-Ω-Zn-s≥-d- Im-e-L-´-Øn¬- P-\ß-
tKm-{X-ßs - f- tZ-io-b- ho-c∑ - m-cm-°n.- ]n-∂o-Sv- tem-Is- Ø- fn-ep-≠m-°n-b- N-e-\-ßƒ-°-\-p-k-cn-®m-Wv.- A-Xp-h-sc-
ºm-Spw- ap-l-Ω-Zn-s‚- A-\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sS- cm-jv-{So-b-˛ aX- kw-L-Sn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw- ]-c-kv-]-cw- th¿-s]-´v- In-S-
Iq-´m-bva - I
- ƒ- kr-jvS- n®p.- bq-tdm-∏n-\pw- ]u-ck - vX
- y¿-°pw- °p-I-bpw- A-I-ep-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂- tK-m-{X-P-\-X-sb-
F-°m-e-Øpw- hn-e-a-Xn-t°-≠- H-cp- i-Iv-Xn-bm-°n''.- A-Xn-s≥-d- B-i-b-Øn-te-°v- A-Sp-∏n-°m-\pw- A-h-cp-sS-
˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ lr-Zb - ß - s - f- hn-iz-kn-∏n-°m-\pw- A-Xn-\v- I-gn-s™-¶n¬-
Dr. kv-‰nw-K -v-,- T P. Hughess‚- C-kv-emw- \n-L-≠p- A-Xn-s≥-d- {]-t_m-[-\w- Ip-‰-a-‰-Xm-Wv.- Im-c-Ww- A-Xv-
hn¬-\n-∂v- (t]-Pv- 526˛527)-:- {]m-Ir-Xm-h-kv-Y-bn-ep-≈- tKm-{X-ß-fn¬- \n-∂v- H-cp- ]cn-
jv-Ir-X-\m-K-cn-I-X- kr-jv-Sn-®p.- H-cp- ]p-Xn-b- N-cn-{X-Øn-
""I-W-°m-°m-\m-hm-Ø-Xpw- i-Iv-X-hp-am-b- hn-Im-c-
s≥-d- Du-Spw- ]m-hpw- s\-øm-\p-≈- i-Iv-Xn-tb-dn-b- D-]-I-
ßƒ- G-sXm-cp- hn-Zq-c-hm-b-\-°m-c-\n-epw- D-f-hm-°p-∂-
c-W-am-bn''.-
i-Iv-X-am-b- Ir-Xn-˛Im-e-sØ- A-Xn-Po-hn°-p-∂- {K-\vYw.-
H-cp- am-\k - n-I- h-f¿-®- Xp-S° - Ø - n-ep-≠m-°p-∂- a-Sp-∏ns\- ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛
Io-g-S-°p-∂- A-Xn-s\-Xn-cm-b- B-cm-[-\-bpw- A-Xv-`p-X- -tam-dn-kv- _p-°m-bv- (The Quran & Modern Sci-
ap-f-hm-°p-∂- Ir-Xn.- A-Xv- a-\p-jy-a-\- -n-s‚- A-Xv-`p-X- ence)1982-t]-Pv- 18:
I-c-am-b- k-r-jv-Sn-bm-Wv.- am-\-h- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚- hn[n- ""Jp-¿B - \ - n--s \-°p- d
- n-®p-≈- h-kvX - p-\n-jvT - a
- m-b- ]-T\w
sb-°-p-dn-®m-tem-Nn-°p-∂- G-sXm-cp- \n-co-£-I-\n-epw- B-[p-\n-I- im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚- sh-fn-®-Øn¬- H-cp- Im-cyw-
hen-b- Xm¬-]-cy-ap-f-hm-°p-∂- Ir-Xn''.- h-yI
- vX- a - m-°p-∂p-≠v.- ap-lΩ - Z- n-s‚- Im-es - Ø- hn-hc - - hnPv-
˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ Rm-\w- t\m-°p-tºmƒ- A-t±-lØ - n-\v- A-Xn-s‚- I¿-Øm-
tam-dn-kv- _p-°m-bv-, The bible, The Quran and Sci- hm-Im≥- H-cn-°-epw- km-[y-a-√.- Xn-I-®pw- ù-Xn-I-amb-
ence-1948-t]-Pv- 125:- Im-c-W-ßƒ- sh-®p-sIm-≠v- Jp-¿-B-≥- sh-fn-]m-Sp-Iƒ-
""ap-If - n¬- Im-Wn-®- \n-co-£W - w- Jp-¿B
- \n-s≥-d- I¿- °v- H-cp- hn-iZ- o-Ic - W
- w- ]-£] - m-Xc- l - n-Xa- m-b- H-cp- imkv-
Øm-hv- ap-l-Ω-Zm-sW-∂- \n-K-a-\w- ap-t∂m-´p-sh-°p-∂p.- {X-Pv-R-\pw- \¬-Im-\m-hn-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv-
A-d-_n- km-ln-Xy-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- a-l-Øm-b- H-cp- Jp-¿-B-≥- {]-tXy-I- kv-Ym-\w- A¿-ln-°p-∂-Xpw''.-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 19
]-T-\w-
B-Xv-ao-b- Im-]-Sy-ß-fpw-
I-]-S-im-kv-{X-ß-fpw-
d-Po-_v.- F-
B-Xv-ao-b-X-bp-sS- t]-cn-ep-≈- A-\v-[-hn-izm-k-ßƒ-°pw- A-\m-Nm-c-ßƒ-°pw- A-im-kv-{Xo-b-

hpw- A-]-lm-ky-hp-am-b- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ-°pw- ]-t≠- h-f-°q-dp-≈- a-Æm-Wv- C-¥y.- F-¥pw-
G-Xpw- bm-sXm-cp- am-\-Z-Wv-UØn-s‚-bpw- ]n≥-_-e-an-√m-sX- h-f-sc-th-Kw- B-Xv-ao-b-h¬-°-cn-
°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- B-[ym-Xv-an-I-X-bm-bn- sX-‰n-≤-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂- km-l-N-cyw- C-¥y-°m¿-
°v- Nn-c-]-cn-Nn-X-am-b- io-e-am-Wv.
B-Xv-ao-b-X-bp-sS- t]-cn-ep-≈- A-\v-[-hn- an-I- hn-Nm-ci- o-eß- f- n-te-°pw- \-bn-®p.- Z¿- A-\m-Nm-c-ßƒ-°pw- I-]-S- B-Xv-ao-b-X-
izm-k-ßƒ-°pw- A-\m-Nm-c-ßƒ-°pw- A- i-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw- Z¿-i-\-c-m-ln-Xy-ß-fp-sS- bv°pw- ]n≥-_-e-hpw- \ym-bo-I-c-W-hpw-
im-k{v- Xo-bh - pw- A-]l - m-ky-hp-am-b- {]-h¿- bpw- a-d-]n-Sn-®v- h-f¿-∂p-h-∂- hn-I-e- ssZ- \¬-Ip-∂X - n-\v- B-[p-\n-I- im-k{v- X-hpw- am-
Ø-\ß - ƒ-°pw- ]-t≠- h-f° - q-dp-≈- a-Æm- h-hn-izm-k-ß-fpw- B-Nm-cy-∑m-cpw- a-X-]p- [y-aß - f - pw- D-]I - c- W
- ß - f - pw- D-]t- bm-Kn-°-
Wv- C-¥y.- F-¥pw- G-Xpw- bm-sXm-cp- am- tcm-ln-X-∑m-cpw- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- Nq-j-Wm- s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- hn-{K-lm-cm-
\-ZW- vU- Øn-s‚-bpw- ]n≥-_e - a
- n-√m-sX- h- [n-jv-Tn-X-am-b- co-Xn-I-fpw- Iq-Sn-t®¿-∂v- C- [-\,- tPym-Xn-j,- - ]q-Pm-Zn-If - n-ep-≈- hn-izm-
f-sc-th-Kw- B-Xv-ao-b-h¬-°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I- ¥y-bn¬- K-Wy-am-sbm-cp- hn-`m-K-Øn-s‚- kw- F-∂n-h- B-[p-\n-I-X-bp-sS- a-d-hn-em-
bpw- B-[ym-Xv-an-I-X-bm-bn- sX-‰n-≤-cn-°p- Po-hn-X-Nn-¥-I-sf- kzm-[o-\n-®-Xn-\m¬- b- Wv- \ym-bo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-
I-bpw- sN-øp-∂- km-l-N-cyw- C-¥y-°m¿- Ym¿-Y-- ssZ-h-Nn-¥-bpw- hn-izm-k-hpw- ]- hn-{K-lm-cm-[-\,- bm-K-ßƒ,- tlm-a-
°v- Nn-c-]-cn-Nn-X-am-b- io-e-am-Wv.- `m-c-Xo- e¿-°pw- A-Nn-¥y-hpw- A-{]m-]y-hp-am-bn- ßƒ,- ]q-P-Iƒ,- a-{¥-km-[-\-Iƒ- F-∂n-
b- kw-kI v- m-cØ- n-s‚- ta¬-hn-em-kØ - n¬- Øo¿-∂p.- ]p-cm-X-\- Im-e-Øn-s≥-d- ta¬- h- H-cp- {]-tXy-I- P-\-hn-`m-K-Øn-s≥-d- ]m-
C-¥y≥- P-\-X-bn¬- hn-hn-[- Im-e-L-´-ß- ]-d-™- kz-`m-h-ß-fpw- io-e-ß-fpw- h¿- c-ºc - y-am-b- co-Xn-If - p-sS- Xp-S¿-®b - m-Wv.- C-
fn-em-bn- hn-X-c-Ww- sN-ø-s∏-´p-h-∂- _m- Ø-am-\-Im-e-L-´-Øn-epw- ]p-Xn-b- km-l- h-bp-sS- im-kv-{X-bp-Iv-Xn-bpw- ù-Xn-I- im-
en-iß - f - m-b- B-Xa v- o-b- Nn-¥I - f - pw- B-[ym- N-cy-ß-fn-epw- am-dn-t∏m-hpI-bpw- ]n≥-X- kv{- Xm-[n-jvT - n-Xa- m-b- hn-iZ- o-Ic - W
- h - pw- am-
Xv-an-I- co-Xn-I-fpw- Ip-Ø-gn-™- k-¶¬-]- ≈-s∏--Sp-I-bp-a-√- D-≠m-b-Xv.- B-[p-\n-I- D- ‰n-sh-®v- C-h-sb- ]n-¥p-S-cp-∂-Xn-s\-°-p-dn-
ß-fp-sS- k-lm-b-tØm-sS- {]-Nm-cw- t\- ]-I-c-W-ß-fp-sS-bpw- b-{¥-kw-hn-[m-\-ß- ®v- \n-jv-]-£-a-Xn-Iƒ-°v- A-`n-{]m-b- {]-
Sn-b- Io-gv-h-g-°-ß-fpw- {]m-Ir-X- tKm-{X-m- fp-sS-bpw- k-Pv-Po-I-c-W-ß-fp-sS-bpw- k- I-S-\-Øn-s‚- B-h-iy-an-√.- F-∂m¬- im-
Nm-c-ß-fp-sS- ]n≥-_-e-tØm-sS- B-hn-¿- lm-bt- Øm-sS- {]m-Ir-X- Im-eL - ´- Øn-se- kv-{X-Øn-s‚- a-d-]n-Sn-®pw- im-kv-{X-Øn-
`-hn-®- X-{¥-˛a-{¥m-Zn- co-Xn-I-fpw- C-¥y- B-Nm-c-˛hn-izm-k- ssh-Ir-Xßƒ- ]p-Xn- s≥d- ta¬-hn-em-kØ - n-epw- I-]S- i - m-kv{- X-
sb- Zp-cq-lß - f - pw- A-hy-IX v- ß
- f - p-am-b- B- b- cq-]`
- m-hß- t- fm-sS- B-hn¿-`h - n-°p- I
- bm- D-]-I-c-W-ß-fp-sS- k-lm-b-tØm-sS-bpw-
Xv-ao-b- k-¶¬-]-ß-fn-te-°pw- B-[ym-Xv- Wv- sN-bv-X-Xv.- A-\v-[-hn-izm-k-ßƒ-°pw- C-h-sb- \ym-bo-I-cn-°p-hm≥- {i-an-°p-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 20
tºmƒ- k-Xym-t\z-jn-Iƒ-°v- C-S-s]-Sp-hm-\pw- A-`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\w- \-S-Øp-hm-\pw- A- Øn¬- tI-´p-tIƒ-hn-tbm- ]q¿-h-am-Xr-I-
h-k-cw- e-`n-°p-I-bm-Wv- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- C-¥y-bn¬- ]e- ]m-c-º-cy- B-cm-[-\-I-fp-sS-bpw- I-tfm- C-√- F-∂-Xm-Wv- bm-Ym¿-Y-yw.- hm-
im-kv-{Xo-b-X- sX-fn-bn-°p-hm-\pw- A-h-bn-se- Cu-iz-co-b-X- sX-fn-bn-°p-hm-\pw- A-h- kv-Xp-im-kv-{Xw,- tbm-K-im-kv-{Xw- Xp-S-ßn-
bn-se- Cu-iz-co-b-X- sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\p-am-bn- C-S-°m-e-Øv- Nn-e¿- A-h-ew-_n-®- b-h- {]-tXy-I- ]-cm-a¿-iw- A¿-ln-°p-∂-
Hcp- I-]-S-im-kv-{X- X-{¥-am-Wv- In¿-en-b≥- t^m-t´m- {Km-^n.- d-jy-°m-c-\m-b- H-cp- h-bm-Wv.- C-h-bn¬- hm-kv-Xp-im-kv-{X-hpw-
imkv-{X-Pv-R-s‚- t]-cn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- H-cp- {]-tXy-I- D-]-I-c-W-Øn-s≥-d- k-lm-b- tbm-K-im-kv-{X-hp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´- I-®-
tØm-sS- Nn-e- h-kv-Xp-°-fp-sS- Np-‰p-ap-≈- ssN-X-\yw- ]-I¿-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv- Cu- t^m- h-S- km-[y-X-Iƒ- C-t∏mƒ- X¬-]-c-I-£n-
t´m-{Km-^n-bn¬- A-h-ew-_n-°p-∂- co-Xn.- hn-{K-l-ßƒ,- Zo-]-{]-`-Iƒ,- Nn-e- h-kv-Xp- Iƒ- [m-cm-f-am-bn- D-]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠n-
°ƒ- F-∂n-h-bp-sS- Np-‰p-ap-≈- ssN-X-\yw- ^n-en-an¬- ]-I¿-Øp-∂p- F-∂- A-h-Im-i- cn-°p-I-bm-Wv- C-¥y-bn¬.- B-[p-\n-I-X-
hm-Zw- D-∂-bn-®v- ]p-d-Øp-hn-´- Nn-{X-ß-f-{X-bpw- Ir-{Xn-a-am-bn- cq-]-s]-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-Ø- bp-sS- ap-Jw-aq-Sn- C-hb - v°
- v- b-tY-jvS- w- Nm¿-
Om-b-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂v- In¿-en-b≥- t^m-t´m-{Km-^n-sb-°p-dn-®v- ]-T-\w- \-S-Øn-b- Øn-s°m-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠m-Wv- C-h- I-®-h-
djy≥- K-th-jI - b - n≥- tjm-t]m-hv- X-s≥-d- Ir-Xn-bn¬- k-a¿-∞n-®n-´p-≠v.(1)
- m-b- tdm-kve Sw- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- \m-ev- \q-‰m-≠n-e-[n-Iw- ]-
C-¥y-bn¬- I-]-S- B-Xv-ao-b-X-bp-sS-bpw- hn-{K-lm-cm-[-\,- b-Pv-R-ßƒ,- bm-K-ßƒ- g-°-an-√m-Ø-h-bpw- im-kv-{X-sa-∂- hn-ti-
F-∂n-h-bp-sS-bpw- im-kv-{Xo-b-X- sX-fn-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- Nn-e- X¬-]-c-I-£n-Iƒ- Cu- j-Ww- H-cp-\n-ebv-°pw- A¿-ln-°m-Ø-h-
im-kv-{Xo-b- Im-]-Sy-sØ- th-≠-{X- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.- ]-tc-Xm-Xv-am-°- bp-am-Wv- b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- C-h- c-≠pw.-
fp-am-bn- kw-km-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- Sm≥-km-\n-b-m-bn-se-bpw- A-k¿-_o-Pm-\n-se-bpw- ss{I- tbm-K-im-kv-{Xw- im-kv-{X-a-√-
kv-X-h- a-{¥-hm-Zn-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬- D-]-tbm-K-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂- Hm-hv-tPm- t_m¿-Uv- (Hm- ]-X-Rv-P-en- a-l-¿-jn- B-hn-jv-I-cn-°p-
tPm-t_m¿-Uv)- C-¥y-bn-se- Nn-e- a-[y-Im-e- a-{¥-hm-Zn-Iƒ- X-ß-fp-sS- X-ń-∏p-I-fn¬- I-bpw- hn-I-kn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- a-\p-
D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\v- k-am-\-am-b- A-\p-`-hw- X-s∂-bm-Wv- In¿-en-b≥- t^m-t´m-{Km- jy-hn-Im-k- e-£y-ap-≈- H-cp- im-kv-{X-am-
^n-bp-sS- Im-cy-Øn-epw- b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- D-≠m-b-Xv.- In¿-en-b≥- t^m-t´m-{Km-^n-sb- Wv- tbm-K-im-kv-{X-sa-∂m-Wv- {]-N-c-Ww.-
Ip-dn-®v- \-S-∂- H≥-]-Xv- hn-`n-∂- ]-T-\-ßƒ-Iq-Sn- ]-cn-K-Wn-®m-Wv- tdm-kv-en≥- tjm- ]-t£,- ]-XR - P v- e
- n- a-l¿-jn- b- p-sS- t]-cn¬-
t]mhv- X-s≥-d- \n-K-a-\-ßƒ- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xv.- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- ""]m-X-Rv-P-e- tbm-K-kq-
im-kv-{Xw- h-f¿-∂v- hn-I-kn-°p-I-bpw- A-Xn-s≥-d- im-J-Iƒ- ]-e- Zn-i-I-fn-te-°pw- {Xw''- F-∂- Ir-Xn- C-¥y-bn¬- {]-Xy-£-
hym-]n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-Xn-s≥-d- ^-e-am-bn- s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-Øn¬- Bhn¿-`-hn-®n-´p-≈- s∏-Sp-∂X - v- ]-Xn-s\-´mw- \q-‰m-≠n-s≥-d- a[y-
im-kv-{X-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈- A-\v-[-hn-izm-k-ß-fpw- A-h-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-X-√.- A-Xm-b-Xv- Øn¬- am-{X-am-Wv.- Cu- Ir-Xn-bn-se- ]-cm-
Nn-e- Im-cy-ßƒ- b-Ym-¿-YØn¬- im-kv-{X-Øn-\v- A-km-[y-am-sW-¶n-epw- hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ- a¿-iß - f - m-Wv- tbm-Ki - m-kv{- X-Øn-s≥-d- A-
hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-Xv- im-kv-{X-Øn-∂-h- km-[y-am-sW-∂m-Wv.- a-‰p-Nn-e- Im-cy-ßƒ- H-cn- Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Ø-z-ß-fm-bn- ]-cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-
°-epw- im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn- A-km-[y-a-s√-¶n-epw- hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ- [-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- A-h- Sp-∂X - v.- B-bX - n-\m¬- tbm-Ki - m-kv{- X-Øn-
A-km-[y-am-sW-∂m-Wv.- C-ß-s\- im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚- ]-cn-[n-sb-bpw- ]-cn-an-Xn-sb-bpw- \v- aq-∂v- \q-‰m-≠n-e-[n-Iw- ]-g-°-an-√- F-
Ip-dn-®p-≈- hy-Iv-Xn-I-fp-sS- [m-c-W-I-fn-se- ]-cn-an-Xn-Iƒ- X-ń-∏p-Im-cpw- I-]-S Nn-In-Xv- ∂p-Im-Wmw.- ]-X-Rv-P-en- a-l¿-jn- C-Ø-
k-I-cpw- Nq-j-I-cp-am-b- ]-e-cpw- \n-c-p-]m-[n-Iw- D-]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-p- F-∂- c-sam-cp- Ir-Xn- c-Nn-®n-ń-√- F-∂pw- ]n¬-
Xm-Wv- \n-e-hn-ep-≈- km-l-N-cyw.- im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚- ap-Jw-aq-Sn-bn-´p-sIm-≠v- Nn-e- Imcy- °m-e-Øv- B-tcm- c-Nn-®- Ir-Xn-°v- {]m-No-
ßƒ- k-aq-l-Øn-\p-ta¬- sI-ń-sh-°p-hm-\pw- im-kv-{X-Øn-s≥-d- k¬-^-e-ß-fn¬- Nn- \-X- e-`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n- ]-X-Rv-P-en-
e-Xv- k-aq-l-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- X-S-b-p-hm-\pw- Nq-j-I¿- k-aq-l-Øn-s≥-d- A-h-t_m-[-cm- bp-sS t]-cv- Zp¿-hn-\n-tbm-Kw- sN-ø-s]-Sp-
ln-Xy-sØ- b-tY-jv-Sw- D-]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- ]-e- A-\v-[-hn-izm-k-ß-fp-sS- I-bm-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂p-am-Wv- Nn-e- K-th-j-
bpw- A-\m-Nm-c-ß-fp-sS-bpw- hym-]-\-Øn-\v- km-l-N-cy-sam-cp-°p-∂-Xn¬- im-kv-{Xw- I¿- I-s≠-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv.-(2) F-∂m¬-
Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw- sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.- Ku-ch-ta-dn-b- a-s‰m-cp- h-kv-Xp-X- ]m-X-Rv-
P-e- tbm-Kk - q-{X-Øn-se- ]-e- \n¿-tZ-iß - -
h¿-Ø-am-\- Im-e-L-´-Øn¬- C-¥y-bn-epw- hn-tZ-i-Øpw- hym-]-I-am-bn- {]-N-cn-°p-
fpw- C-¥y-bn-se- {]m-Ir-X- P-\h - n-`m-Kß
- ƒ-
∂- ]-e- Nn-In-Xv-km-co-Xn-I-fpw- B-Xv-ao-b- co-Xn-I-fpw- im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚- ta¬-hn-em-k-
°n-S-bn¬- ]-e- co-Xn-I-fn-epw- {]-Nm-c-Øn-
Øn¬- I-®-h-Sw- sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.- C-¥y-bp-sS- {]m-No-\-X-bp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´- \n-
ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂-Xm-Wv.- b-aw,- \n-b-
c¿-Y-I-am-b- A-h-Im-i-hm-Z-ß-fp-sS- a-d-]n-Sn-®v- "{]m-No-\- `m-c-Xo-b- im-kv-{Xw'- F-∂- aw,- B-k-\w,- k-am-[n- Xp-S-ßn- ""tbm-K-
ta¬-hn-em-k-Øn¬- I-®-h-Sw- sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-e-Xn-\pw- C-¥y-bp-sS- {]m-No-\- N-cn-{X- kq-{X''-bn-se- ]-e- co-Xn-If - pw- C-¥y-bn-se-
\n-c-£-c-cpw- Z-cn-{Z-cp-am-b- B-Zn-a- P-\-hn-
`m-K-ßƒ-°n-S-bn¬- \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂- io-e-
im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚- ]-cn-[n-sb-bpw- ]-cn-an-Xn-sb-bpw- Ip-dn-®p-≈- hy-Iv-Xn-I-fp-sS- [m-c-W-I-
ß-fp-sS- kw-kv-Ir-X- `m-j-bn-ep-≈- B-hn-
fnse- ]-cn-an-Xn-Iƒ- X-ń-∏p-Im-cpw- I-]-S Nn-In-Xv-k-I-cpw- Nq-j-I-cp-am-b- ]ecpw- \n-c-p-]m- jvI- m-cß - f - m-Wv- F-∂v- K-th-jI - ¿- sX-fnhv-
[n-Iw- D-]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-p- F-∂-Xm-Wv- \n-e-hn-ep-≈- km-l-N-cyw.- im-kv-{X- k-ln-Xw- kv-Ym-]n-®n-´p-≠v.-
Øns‚- ap-Jw-aq-Sn-bn-´p-sIm-≠v- Nn-e- Imcy-ßƒ- k-aq-l-Øn-\p-ta¬- sI-ń-sh-°p-hm-\pw-
""tbm-Kw''- F-∂- k-¶¬-]w- B-Zy-am-
im-kv-{X-Øn-s≥-d- k¬-^-e-ß-fn¬- Nn-e-Xv- k-aq-l-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- X-S-b-p-hm-\pw- Nq-j-I¿- bn- I-S-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv- Ko-X-bn-em-Wv.- Ko-X-
k-aq-l-Øn-s≥-d- A-h-t_m-[-cm-ln-Xy-sØ- b-tY-jv-Sw- D-]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- bp-sS- A¿-Y-I¬-]-\-{]-Im-cw- tbm-Kw-
kvYn-Xn-bm-Wv.- a-\p-jy≥- B-bn-cn-°p-∂-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 21
kv-Yn-Xn,- a-\p-jy-s‚- A-\p-`-h- ]-cn-k-cw-
F-∂n-h-sb- tZym-Xn-∏n-°p-∂- hm-°m-Wv-
tbm-Kw.- tbm-K-Øn-s≥-d- a-s‰m-c¿-Yw- kw- ]-e-X-cw- tcm-K-ßƒ- ku-Jy-am-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- B-Xv-ao-b-hpw- B-[ym-Xv-an-I-hp-am-b- D-W¿-hp-
K-aw- F-∂m-Wv.- Po-hm-Xv-am-hpw- ]-c-am-Xv- Iƒ- I-c-K-X-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\pw- tbm-K-im-kv-{Xw- D-]-bp-Iv-X-am-sW-∂m-Wv- A-Xn-s≥-d- {]-Nm-c-
am-hp-am-bp-≈- tbm-Kw- A-Y-hm- kw-K-a-am- I-cp-sS- A-h-Im-i-hm-Zw.- C-Xn-s≥-d- I-®-h-S- km-[y-X-Iƒ- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-
Wv- k-am-[n-sb-∂- hym-Jy- m-\w- h-∂X - v- Cu- C-¥y-bn¬- ]-e-`m-K-ß-fn-epw- tbm-K-]-cn-io-e-\- tI-{μ-ß-fpw- [ym-\-tI-{μ-ß-f-pw- B-cw-`n-
A¿-Y-sØ- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-am-°n-bm-Wv.(3) -- ®n-´p-≠v.- [ym-\Ø
- n-s≥-db
- pw- tbm-Kb
- p-sS-bpw- I-®h
- S- - tI-{μ-ßf- m-Wv- b-Ym¿-YØ
- n¬- CØ-
Cu- \n-co-£-W- {]-Im-cw- B-[ym-Xv-an-I- cw- kv-Ym-]-\-ßƒ.-
hpw- B-Xv-ao-b-hp-am-b- h-gn- Xp-d-°p-∂- A-
\p-`h- ß- f - pw- A-\p-`q-Xn-If - pw- tbm-Ka - m-Wv.-
A-Xn-s\- im-kv-{Xw- F-∂v- hn-fn-°p-∂-Xv-
]-tbm-Kn-®-p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-
tI-he - w- `m-h\m-Xa v- I- a- m-Wv.- im-k{v- Xw- F-
∂v- hn-h-£n-°p-∂-Xn-se- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T- tbm-K-a-√m-Ø-Xpw-,- F-∂m¬- tbm-Ksb-°mƒ- ^-e-{]-Z-hp-am-b- ]-e- co-Xn-I-fpw-
X-bpw- Ir-Xy-X-bpw- C-√m-Ø-Xn-\m-em-Wv- C-¥y-bn¬- ]-≠v- \n-e-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- izm-k-\n-b-{¥-W-Øn-eq-sS- a-\p-jy-a-kv-Xn-
tbm-K-sØ- im-kv-{X-sa-∂v- hn-fn-°m-hp-∂- jv-I-sØ- D-W¿-Øm-sa-∂pw-- a-\p-jy-\n-se- eo-\-hpw- Kp-]v-X-hp-am-b- I-gn-hp-I-sf- D-
X-s√-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- `m-c-Xo-b- ho-£-W- tØ-Pn-∏n-°m-sa-∂p-ap-≈- A-dn-hv- C-¥y-°m¿-°v- ]-t≠- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- tbm-K-sb-
{]-Im-cw- A-\p-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- B-Xvao-b- co- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- ]-I-cw- Km-\v-[n-Pn- sX-c-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv- izm-k- \n-b-{¥-W-Øn-
Xn-I-sf- sam-Ø-Øn¬- tbm-K-bp-sS- ]-cn- eq-sS- km-[y-am-Ip-∂- Im-cy-ß-sf-bm-Wv.(5) -- ssl-μ-hkm-[-\m- k-{º-Zm-b-ß-fp-am-bn-
[n-bn¬- sIm-≠p-h-cm-sa-¶n-epw- A-h-sb- ]-cn-N-b-hpw- ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw- kn-≤n-®- \n-c-h-[n- k-\ym-kn-am¿- ]-co-£n-®n-cp-∂-Xpw- C-
im-kv-{X-sa-∂v- ]-d-bm-hp-∂-X-√.--(4) ""b-aw''- Ø-cw- co-Xn-I-sf-bm-Wv.- tbm-K-im-kv-{X-Øn-eq-sS- I-c-K-X-am-Ip-sa-∂v- A-Xn-s‚- h-Iv-
F-∂-Xv- \n-Xy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬- ]-cn-Nn-X-ß- Xm-°ƒ- A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂- Kp-W-ß-f-{X-bpw- ]-Xn-∑-S-ßv- e-`n-°p-hm≥- izm-k-\n-b-
fm-b- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- \n-b-{¥-W-io-e-ß-sf- {¥-Ww- Xp-S-ßn-b- kz-bw-]-cn-Nn-X- co-Xn-I-fn-eq-sS- km-[n-°p-sa-∂v- sX-fn-bn-°-s∏-ń-
kw-kv-I-cn-®v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xm-Wv.- \n-b-aam-h- ´p-≠v.(6)
--
s´- a-\p-jy≥- A-\p-h¿-Øn-t°-≠- Im-cy- ]-e-X-cw- tcm-K-ßƒ- ku-Jy-am-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- B-Xv-ao-b-hpw- B-[ym-Xv-an-I-hp-am-b-
ß-fp-sS- {I-ao-Ic - W
- h - p-am-Wv.- Nn-e- {]-tXy- D-W¿-hp-Iƒ- I-c-K-X-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\pw- tbm-K-im-kv-{Xw- D-]-bp-Iv-X-am-sW-∂m-Wv- A-Xn-
I- co-Xn-I-fn-ep-≈- i-co-c-Øn-s≥-d- {I-ao- s≥-d- {]-Nm-c-I-cp-sS- A-h-Im-i-hm-Zw.- C-Xn-s≥-d- I-®-h-S- km-[y-X-Iƒ- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-
I-c-W-Øn-\v- \¬-I-s∏-Sp-∂- hn-ti-j-W- ∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n- C-¥y-bn¬- ]-e-`m-K-ß-fn-epw- tbm-K-]-cn-io-e-\- tI-{μ-ß-fpw- [ym-\-
am-Wv- B-k-\-ßƒ.- C-h-bn¬- H-∂n-epw- tI-{μ-ß-f-pw- B-cw-`n-®n-´p-≠v.- [ym-\-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- tbm-K-bp-sS-bpw- I-®-h-S- tI-{μ-ß-
im-kv-{Xo-b-X- F-∂v- ]-d-bm-hp-∂- X-c-Øn- fm-Wv- b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- C-Ø-cw- kv-Ym-]-\-ßƒ.- Nn-e- {]-tX-y-I- co-Xn-I-fn¬- a-\ n-
ep-≈- bm-sXm-∂p-an-√.- \n-Xy-Po-hn-X-Øn- s\- G-Im-{K-am-°n- C-cn-°p-I-bpw- izm-k-hpw- Nn-¥-I-fpw- \n-b-{¥n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-
se-bpw- {]-h¿-Ø\ - ß - f - n-se-bpw- Im-cy-ß- Xm¬- G-sXm-cp- a-\p-jy-\pw- a-X-Øn-s≥-d-tbm- a-{¥-Øn-s≥-d-tbm- k-lm-b-hpw- ]-iv-
sf-bpw- co-Xn-I-sf-bpw- A-Xo-X-hpw- A-km- Nm-Ø-e-hp-an-√m-sX- e-`n-°p-∂- Nn-e- Xm¬-°m-en-I- N-e-\-ß-fm-Wv- tbm-K-im-kv-{X-
am-\y-hp-am-b- ]-cn-K-W-\-I-tfm-sS- Im- Øn-s‚- t]-cn¬,- a-{¥-Øn-s‚-bpw- Nn-lv-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw- ]n≥-_-e-hpw- ]-iv-Nm-Ø-e-
Wm≥- t{]-cn-∏n-°-bm-Wv- tbm-K-im-kv-{X- hpw- D-]-tbm-Kn-®v- hn-‰-gn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- tbm-K-bp-sS- G-‰-hpw- an-I-®- co-
Øn¬- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- ]m-X-Rv-P-e- tbm-K- Xn- F-∂- \n-e-bn-em-Wv- [ym-\w- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- k-am-[n-bp-sS- ap-t∂m-Sn-
kq-{X-Øn-se- ]-cm-a¿-i-ßƒ- A-\p-k-cn- bm-bp-≈- ]-cn-io-e-\-am-Wv- [ym-\-sa-∂m-Wv- H-c-p-`m-jyw.- [ym-\-Øn-eq-sS- k-am-[n-bn¬-
®v- tbm-K-bp-sS- L-´-ßƒ- F-´m-Wv.- F- F-Øm-sa-∂v- Cu- `m-jy-°m¿- ]-d-bp-∂p.- tbm-K-im-kv-{X-Øn-s≥-d- I-®-h-S-tI-{μ-ßƒ-
∂m¬- ]-sØm≥-]-Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- Cu- F-∂- \n-e-bn¬- C-¥y-bn-se- h≥-\-K-c-ß-fn¬- B-cw-`n-®n-´p-≈- sa-Un-t‰-j≥- sk‚-
F-´v- L-´-ß-sf- aq-∂m-bn- lr-kz-h¬-°- dp-Iƒ- \-K-c- tI-{μo-Ir-X-am-b- Po-hn-X-Øn¬- a\p-jy-s\- th-dn-´v- Nn-¥n-∏n-°p-∂p- F-
cn-®p-sIm-≠v- hn-izm-\-μ- a-tl-iz-c≥- tbm- ∂-Xm-Wv- ^-e-ßƒ- F-∂- \n-e-bn¬- a-\p-jy¿-°v- \¬-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-h-bn¬- {]-
K-im-kv-{X-sØ- e-fn-X-am-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.- [m-\w.- 1960Iƒ-°v- ti-j-am-Wv- C-¥y-bp-sS- hn-hn-[- `m-K-ß-fn¬- [ym-\-tI-{μ-ß-fpw-
Cu- e-fn-X-h¬-°-cn-°-s∏-´- co-Xn-I-fm-Wv- tbm-K-tI-{μ-ß-fpw- hym-]-I-am-bn- B-cw-`n-®-Xv.- kw-kv-Ir-X- `m-j-bp-sS-bpw- th-Z-ß-
{io-.- {io.-- c-hn-i-¶-dn-s≥-d- B¿-´v- Hm-^v- en- fp-sS-bpw- B-cm-[-I-cm-bn-cp-∂- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy¿-°p-t]m-epw- tbm-K-bn-epw- A-Xn-s‚- co-Xn-
hn-ßn-epw- Cu-jm- tbm-K- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bn- I-fn-epw- Xm¬-]-cy-tam- hn-izm-k-tam- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- F-∂m¬- C-Ø-cw- I-]-S- co-Xn-
epw- D-]-bm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- tbm- I-fp-sS- I-®-h-S- km-[y-X-Iƒ- Xn-cn-®-dn™-h¿- A-h-bv-°v- hym-]-I-am-b- {]-Nm-c-Ww-
K-im-kv-{X-Øn-s≥-d- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- km- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- tem-I-Øn-s≥-d- hn-hn-[- `m-K-ß-fn¬- {]-N-cn-∏n-°-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- C-¥y-
[y-X-bpw- A-Xn-s‚- A-tbm-Ky-X-bpw- G- °v- ]p-d-Øv- a-l¿-jn- a-tl-jv- tbm-Kn- ap-X-em-b-h¿ B-hn-j-vI-cn-®- co-Xn-I-fn-eq-sS- i-
sXm-cp- ]p-Xn-b- co-Xn-sb-bpw- a-‰p-≈-h¿- co-c-sØ- D-W¿-Øm-\p-≈- H-cp-]m-[n- F-∂- \n-e-bn¬- tbm-K-im-kv-{X-Øn-\v- Nn-e- km-
°v- t_m-[y-am-Ip-∂- hn-[-Øn¬- B-hn-jv- [y-X-I-fps≠-∂v- sX-‰n-≤-cn-®- Nn-e- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy¿- F-gp-Xn-b- `m-h-\m-Xv-a-I-ß-fm-b- {K-
I-cn-®v- {]-N-cn-∏n-°m≥- I-gn-™m¬- A-Xv- \v-Y-ßƒ- tbm-K-im-kv-{X- I-®-h-S-°m¿- [m-cm-f-am-bn- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.-(7)
Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-sa-∂-Xm-Wv.- Cu- km- F-∂m¬- tbm-K-im-kv-{X-Øn-\v- C-√m-Ø- tbm-Ky-X-Iƒ- A-Xn-\p-s≠-∂v- h-cp-Øn-
[y-X-bm-Wv- {io.-- {io.- c-hn-i-¶-dpw- a-‰pw- D- Øo¿-°p-∂- {K-\v-Y-ßƒ- hym-]-I-am-b-tXm-sSm-∏w- X-s∂- tbm-K- H-cp- I-]-S-im-kv-{X-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 22
am-sW-∂v- kv-Ym-]n-°p-∂- im-kv-{Xo-b- ]-T-\-ß-fpw- ]p-d-Øp-h-∂n-´p-≠v F-∂-Xv- {i- im-kv-{Xo-b- t\-´-ßƒ- D-≠m-Ip-∂n-√.-
t≤-b-am-Wv.- tbm-K-im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚- B-hn¿-`m-hw,- A-Xn-s‚- ]-iv-Nm-Ø-ew,- A-Xn- 7.- a-{¥-ßf - pw- ssl-μh - N
- n-l\
v- ß- f
- pw-
s‚- co-Xn-I-fn-se- _m-ly-kzm-[o-\-ßƒ,- tbm-K-im-kv-{X- co-Xn-I-fp-sS- ^-e-iq-\y-X,- D-]t- bm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - n-eq-sS- kw-Pm-Xa - m-
tbm-K-°v- k-am-¥-c-am-bn- C-¥y-bn¬- hn-I-kn-®p-h-∂n-´p-≈- a-‰v- co-Xn-I-fp-sS- hn-h-c-W- Ip-∂- am-\-kn-I-am-b- kzm-[o-\-Øn¬- Iq-
ß-ƒ- F-∂n-h-sbm-s°- A-Ø-cw- ]-T-\-ß-fn¬- N¿-®- sN-ø-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn.- 1975\pw- Sp-X-em-bn- G-sX-¶n-epw- X-c-Øn-ep-≈- h-
2000\p-an-S-bn-em-bn- tbm-K-im-kv-{Xw- H-cp- im-kv-{X-a-s√-∂- \n-co-£-Ww- im-kv-{Xo-b- kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-am-b- kzm-[o-\w- tbm-K- D-f-
hn-i-I-e-\- k-ln-Xw- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂- G-Xm-≠v- ap∂p-tdm-fw- ]-T-\-ßƒ- {_n-´-\n¬- hm-°p-∂n-√.-
X-s∂- ]p-d-Øp-h-∂n-´p-≠v.- s{]m-^.- {]n-kv-‰m-fn-s\-t]m-se- bm-K-ß-sf-bpw,- a-{¥-X-
8.- B-bp¿-th-Zw-t]m-se- ]-T-\-ß-fp-sS-
{¥m-Zn-I-sf-bpw- im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn- \ym-bo-I-cn-°m≥- {i-an-°p-∂-h-cp-sS- ]-T-\-ßƒ-°v-
(8)
bpw- ]-co-£-W-ß-fp-sS-bpw- ]n≥-_-e-
C-¥y-bn¬- e-`n-®- kzo-Im-cy-X-sbm-∂pw- A-Ø-cw- {K-\v-Y-ßƒ-°v- hn-tZ-i- cm-jv-{S-
tØm-sS- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈- H-cp-
ß-fn¬- e-`n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-√- F-∂-Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂-bm-Wv- tbm-K-im-kv-{X-sØ- ]-‰n-
s]m-Xp-hm-b- am¿-K-tam- co-Xn-tbm- A-√-
bp-≈- G-I-]-£o-b-am-b- \ym-bo-I-c-W-ß-fpw- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy-cn¬- K-Wy-am-b- ]-¶pw- A-
tbm-K-im-kv-{Xw.-
h-K-Wn-®v- X-≈p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.- C-¥y≥- an-Yy-I-sf- \ym-bo-I-cn-°m-\p-≈- {]n-kv-
‰m-fn-s‚- {i-a-ßƒ-°v- s{]m-^.- tPm¨- ep-Uv-hn-ßn-s\-t]m-ep-≈-h¿- im-kv-{Xo-b- k- 9.- G-sX-¶n-epw- {]-tXy-I- hn-ti-j-W-
Xy-ßƒ- D-≤-cn-®v- hy-Iv-X-am-b- a-dp-]-Sn- F-gp-Xp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v.-(9) tbm-K-im-kv- ß-ƒ- \¬-In-bn-s√-¶n¬- t]m-epw- a-\p-jy-
{X-Øn-\pw- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy¿-°n-S-bn¬- kzo-Im-cy-X-bp-≠m-°n-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn- \-S- \n¬- Im-cy-£a - a
- m-bn- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- Nn-
∂- ]-T-\-ß-sf- a-dn-I-S-°p-∂- hn-cp-≤- c-N-\-Iƒ- h-∂n-´p-s≠-¶n-epw- a-{¥-hm-Z-Øn-s‚- e- km-am-\y- XØ-z-ßƒ- D-≠v- F-∂-Xn¬-
bpw- tlm-a-˛bm-K-ß-fp-sS-bpw- Im-cy-Øn¬- A-Xp-≠m-bn-ń-√- F-∂-Xm-Wv- h-kv-Xp-X.- I-hn-™- B-[ym-Xv-an-I-tam- B-Xv-ao-b-tam-
hn-hn-[- ]q-P-I-fp-sS-bpw- tlm-a-ß-fp-sS-bpw- I¿-a-ß-fp-sS-bpw- ^-e-ß-fpw- e-£y-ß- B-b- ]-cn-th-j-sam-∂pw- tbm-K-im-kv-{X-
fpw- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂- sh-_v-ssk-‰p-I-ƒ- \n-e-hn-ep-≠v.- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- ]-cn-jv-Ir-X- Øn-\n-√.-
k-aq-lw- A-[n-h-kn-°p-∂- \-K-c-sa-∂v- hn-iz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- ]m-co-kn¬- X-s∂- Xm≥- 10.- A-\v-[-am-b- hn-t[-b-Xz-hpw- ]-£-
H-cp- h¿-jw- C-cp-\q-dn-e-[n-Iw- a-{¥-hm-Z-˛]q-Pm-{In-b-Iƒ- \-S-Øp-∂-Xm-bn- H-cp- ]m-iv- ]m-Xn-Xz-hpw- H-gn-hm-°n-bm¬- im-kv-{Xo-b-
Nm-Xy≥- ]q-Pm-cn- A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn.-(10) b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy-s‚- Iu- k-Xy-ß-fp-sS-tbm- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-am-b- ]-
Xp-Iw- am-{X-am-Wv- C-Ø-cw- Im-cy-ß-fn¬- t{]-c-I-am-bn- h¿-Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- T-\-ß-fp-sS-tbm- ]n≥-_-e-tØm-sS- kv-Yn-
a-dn-®v- A-h-bn-ep-≈- hn-izm-k-a-√- F-∂-Xv- {i-t≤-b-am-Wv.- co-Ic - n-°s - ∏-ń-ń-√m-ØX - n-\m¬- tbm-Ki - m-
tbm-K-im-kv-{Xw- H-cp- I-]-S-im-kv-{X-am-Wv- F-∂v- kv-Y-m-]n-°p-∂- ]-T-\-{K-\v-Y-ß- kv-{X-sØ-]-‰n-bp-≈- hn-izm-km-[n-jv-Tn-X-
fn¬- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´-Xn-s‚- kw-{K-l-ßƒ- C-h-bm-Wv.- am-b- \o-Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ- am-{X-am-Wv- tbm-
K-im-kv-{X-Øn-\v- e-`y-am-Ip-∂-Xv.-(11)
1.- hy-Iv-X-am-b- H-cp- B-hn¿-`m-h- N-cn-{X-hpw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-]-c-am-b- {]-am-W-ß-fp-ap-
≈- H-cp- B-Xv-ao-b-˛A-Xn-Po-h-\- im-kv-{X-a-√- tbm-K.- `m-c-Xo-b¿- Bhn-jv-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- hn-
I-kn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- im-kv-{X-ß-fp-
2.- tbm-K-sb- im-kv-{X-sa-∂v- hn-fn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ- \o-Xn-]q¿-h-am-b- k-ao-]-\w-
sS- ]-ń-I-bn¬- tb-m-K-im-kv-{Xw- I-S-∂p-
A-Xn-s\- a-{¥-hm-Zw-˛]q-P- F-∂n-h- t]m-se- H-c- B-N-m-c-am-bn- K-Wn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.-
h-cp-∂-Xv- C-cp-]-Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n-s‚- c-≠mw-
3.- tbm-K-bn-se- ]-e- Im-cy-ß-fpw- a-\p-jy-\v- Nn-c-]-cn-Nn-X-ß-fpw- {]m-Ir-X- a-\p- ]-Ip-Xn-bn¬- am-{X-am-Wv.- A-Xn-\v- ap-ºp-
jy¿-°n-S-bn¬-t]m-epw- A-\p-h¿-Øn-®p-h-∂n-cp-∂-h-bp-am-Wv.- im-kv-{Xo-b-hpw- h-kv- ≈- L-´-Øn¬- `m-c-Xo-b- im-kv-{X-ß-fp-
Xp-\n-jv-T-hp-am-b- {I-ao-I-c-Ww- A-h-bn¬- kw-`-hn-®n-ń-√.- sS- ]-ń-I- \n-c-Øn-b-h¿- tbm-K-im-kv-{X-
4.- tbm-K-bn¬-\n-∂p-≈- ^-e-ßƒ- F-∂- \n-e-bn¬- Nn-{Xo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-e-Xpw- Øn-\v- ]-cn-K-W-\- \¬-Im-Xn-cp-∂-Xv- {]m-
a-‰v- co-Xn-I-fn-eq-sS- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bn- {]m-]n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.- No-\`- m-cX - Ø - n¬- A-Xv- im-k{v- X-am-bn- Aw-
5.- ]q-P-I-fn-se-bpw- tlm-a-ß-fn-se-bpw- t]m-epw- \n-Xy-]-cn-Nn-X-ß-fm-b- Im-cy-ßƒ- Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂n-ń-√- F-∂-Xn-s‚- sX-
ssl-μ-h- ]-iv-Nm-Ø-e-Øn¬- sN-øp-∂-Xn-eq-sS- tbm-K- B-Nm-c-h¬-°-cn-°-s∏-´- kzm- fn-hv- X-s∂-bm-Wv.- C-¥y≥- ]m-c-º-cy-Øn-
`m-hn-I- hr-Øn-bm-sW-∂v- ]-d-bmw. s‚-bpw- im-kv-{X-ß-fp-sS-bpw- I-W-s°-Sp-
∏n¬- I-S-∂p-h-cp-∂- _m-ly-L-S-I-ßƒ-
-6.- tbm-K-bn-se- co-Xn-I-fp-sS- A-\p-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-eq-sS- G-sX-¶n-epw- \n-e-°p-≈-
\n-ch- [ - n- - ]n¬-°m-eØ - p-≈- ]-ń-Ib - n¬- I-
S-∂p-Iq-Sn-bn-´p-≠v.- A-h-bn¬- tPym-Xn-j-
hpw- tbm--K-bpw- X-®p-im-kv-{X-hpw- hm-kv-
Xp-im-kv-{X-hp-sa-√mw- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂p.-(12) C-
`m-c-Xo-b¿- Bhn-jv-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- hn-I-kn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- im-kv-{X-ß-fp-sS- ]-ń- cp-]-Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n-s‚- B-Zy-Z-i-I-ß-fn¬-
I-bn¬- tb-m-K-im-kv-{Xw- I-S-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv- C-cp-]-Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n-s‚- c-≠mw- ]-Ip-Xn-bn¬- {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´- ]-e- kw-kv-Ir-X- Ir-
am-{X-am-Wv.- A-Xn-\v- ap-ºp-≈- L-´-Øn¬- `m-c-Xo-b- im-kv-{X-ß-fp-sS- ]-ń-I- \n-c-Øn-bh¿- Xn-I-fn-epw- C-hn-S-sØ- im-kv-{X-hpw- im-
tbm-K-im-kv-{X-Øn-\v- ]-cn-K-W-\- \¬-Im-Xn-cp-∂-Xv- {]m-No-\-`m-c-X-Øn¬- A-Xv- im-kv-{X- kv-{X-im-J-I-fpw- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂- Iq-´-
Øn¬- F-hn-sS-bpw- tbm-K-im-kv-{Xw- I-S-
am-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂n-ń-√- F-∂-Xn-s‚- sX-fn-hv- X-s∂-bm-Wv.
∂p-h-cp-∂n-√- F-∂-Xv- {i-t≤-b-am-Wv.-(13)
]n¬-°m-e-Øv- imkv-{X-ta¬-hn-em-kw-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 23
\¬-I-s∏-´- ]-e-Xn-\pw- {]m-No-\-am-b- N-
cn-{X-th-cp-Iƒ- B-hn-jv-I-cn-°m≥- I-]-S-
im-kv{- X-ßf - p-sS-bpw- PvR - m-\ß - f - p-sS-bpw- B-Xa-v o-bX- s- b- hy-IX
-v a- m-bn- \n¿-hN- n-®n-´p-t≠m- F-∂- tNm-Zy-Øn-\-v D-≠-v F-∂pw- C-√- F∂pw-
h-Iv-Xm-°ƒ-°v- I-gn-™n-´p-≠v.- tPym-Xn- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-bm≥- I-gn-bm-Ø- Zpx-kv-Yn-Xn-bm-Wv- `m-c-Xo-b- kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-s‚- a-d-]n-Sn-®v-
j-Øn-s‚- Im-cy-Øn¬- kw-`-hn-®-Xv- A- Chn-sS- h-f¿-∂v- h-∂-Xv.- B-Xv-am-hp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´-Xv- F-∂- A¿-Y-Øn¬- km-[m-c-W-
Xm-Wv.- {]m-No-\- `m-c-X-Øn-\v- tPym-Xn-im-
D-]t- bm-Kn-®p-hcp-∂- B-Xav- o-bX - - F-∂- hm-°n-\v- B-Xav- m-hn-s\- ""b-Xw''- sN-øp-∂X
- v- AYhm-
kv-{Xw- ]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n-epw,-
tPym-Xn-jw- A-]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p.- Cu- kw-kv-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv- F-∂m-Wv- A¿-Yw.
bm-Ym¿-Yy-sØ- X-e-Xn-cn-®v- ]n-Sn-®m-Wv- ]-
sØm≥-]-Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n-s‚- A-h-km-\-
Øn¬- F-gp-Xs - ∏-´- tPym-Xn-j- {K-\Y v- ß
- ƒ- kv-{Xo-b- ap-d-Iƒ- F-∂- hn-ti-j-W-tØm- B-Xv-am-hn-s\- ""b-Xw''- sN-øp-∂-Xv- A-Y-
°v- k-l-{km-_v-Z-Øn-s‚- ]-g-°-hpw- {]m- sS- {]-Xn-jv-Tn-°-s∏-´p.- {]m-No-\- `m-c-Xo- hm- kw-kvI - c - n-°p-∂X - v- F-∂m-Wv- A¿-Yw.-
No-\-X-bpw- Nm¿-Ø-s∏-´-Xv.(14) - tPym-Xn-j- b¿- a-\p-jy-a-\- n-s‚- A-d-I-sf- Xp-d-∂v- `m-c-Xo-b- kw-kv-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- {]-am-W-ß-
Øn-s‚- Im-cy-Øn¬- kw-`-hn-®-Xv- A-tX- In-´p-I-tbm- a-kv-Xn-jv-I-Øn-s‚- ]p-Xn-b- fpw- B-i-b-ß-fpw- D-]-tbm-Kn-®v- B-Xv-ao-
{]-Im-cw- tbm-K-im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚- Im-cy- k-m-[y-X-Iƒ- a-\- n-em-°p-I-tbm- sN-øp- b-X-sb- km-am-\y-am-bn- \n¿-h-Nn-°p-hm≥-
Øn¬- km-[n-°p-I-bp≠m-bn-√.- Nn-e- a- ∂- kv-Yn-Xn-°v- {]-Xo-I-am-bn- D-]-tbm-Kn- {i-an-®-h¿- t]m-epw- btY-jv-Sw- Aw-Ko-I-
l¿-jn-am-cp-sS- t]-cp-Iƒ- I-s≠-Øphm≥- ®n-cp-∂X - m-Wv- ""Ip-WU v- e
- n-\n''- F-∂X - v.- in- cn-°p-∂- ta¬-]-d-™- \n¿-h-N-\w-(19) ]-
I-gn-™p- F-∂-Xn-¬- tbm-K-im-kv-{X-hp-am- h-s‚- I-Wv-T-Øn¬- Np-‰n-∏n-W¿-∂v- In-S- t£,- I-®-h-S- B-Xv-ao-b-X-bp-sS- hIv-Xm-
bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´- N-cn-{X-]-T-\-ßƒ- A-h- °p-∂- ]m-ºn-s‚- \m-a-am-bn- ""Ip-Wv-Tn-en- °ƒ- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂n-√.- A-h-cp-sS- Im-
km-\n-∏n-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- I-]S- i - m-k{v- X-Øn- \n''- F-∂- hn-ti-j-Ww- ""ssi-h-i-X-Zo-]n- gv-N-∏m-Sn¬- B-Xv-ao-b-X°v- B-Xv-am-hn-s\-
s‚- h-Iv-Xm-°ƒ- X-ß-fp-sS- s]m-≈-bm- I''-,- ""ssi-h- a-Wv-U-e- ssh-J-cn''- Xp-S- b-Xw- sN-øp-hm-\p-≈- ti-jn- B-h-iy-an-
b- A-h-Im-i-hm-Z-ßƒ- \n-c-Øn-b-X-v.- ]m- ßn-b- {]m-No-\- kw-kv-Ir-X- ssi-h-Ir-Xn- √.- a-dn-®v- ]-e-X-cw- k-tμ-l-ß-fn-epw- A-
iv-Nm-Xy- K-th-j-I¿- A-Xo-h-{i-≤-tbm-sS- I-fn¬- kq-Nn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.(17) - tbm-K-bp-sS- hy-Iv-X-X-I-fn-epw- a-\p-jy-s\- A-I-s∏-Sp-
]-cn-K-Wn-®- Hcp- Im-cy-am-Wv- Cu- Zu¿-_- km-t¶-Xn-I- ]-Zm-h-en-I-fn¬- D-]-tbm-Kn- Øp-∂- Im-cy-ß-sf-t]m-epw- A-h¿- B-Xv-
eyw.- Nn-e- `m-c-Xo-b- im-kv-{X-ßƒ-°v- e- °p-∂- k-l-{km-c-]-Xv-aw- F-∂- k-¶¬- ao-b-X-bm-bn- ]-cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p.- Cu- Zp¿-
`y-am-Ip-∂- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-X- tbm-K-im-kv- ]w- ssh-jv-W-h- an-tØm-f-Pn-bp-sS- H-cp- hr-Øn-bp-sS- a-d] - n-Sn-®m-Wv- C-¥y-bn¬- B-
{X-Øn-\v- F-¥p-sIm-≠v- e-`y-am-Im-Xn-cp- Nn-lv-\-am-Wv.- a-lm-hn-jv-Wp-hp-am-bn- _- `m-k-I-c-ß-fm-b- ]-e-X-cw- {]-h-W-X-Iƒ-
∂p- F-∂v- Kth-j-I¿- kq-£v-a-X-tbm-sS- \v-[-s∏-´- kv-Xp-Xn-Ko-X-ßƒ- t{Im-Uo-I-cn- {]-Nc - n-®n-´p-≈X - v.- Xm-{¥n-Ia - X
- Ø- n-se- aZy-
\n-co-£n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.-(15) ®n-cn-°p-∂- ""hn-jv-Wp- am-lm-Xv-ay- k-l- hpw- a-Zn-cm-£n- b - pw- c-Xn-bpw- B-Xva - o-bh- ¬-
H-cp-h-i-Øv- tbm-K- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂- {kw''- F-∂- Ir-Xn-bn-se- sX-Æq-‰n-bm-dv- °-cn-°p-∂- Iu-fw,- hm-aw- Xp-Sß - n-b- coXn-
km-am-\y-co-Xn-Iƒ- ]-cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ- Cu-c-Sn-I-fn-em-bn- hn-h-cn-°p-∂- kv-Yn-Xn- Iƒ- b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- H-cp- k-\m-X-\- ln-
A-Xv- Xn-I-®pw- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-b- io-e-ß- hn-ti-j-am-Wv- tbm-K-bn-se- ""k-l-{k-Z-f- μp-hn-s‚- ho-£-W-Øn¬- [m¿-an-I-X-bp-
fp-sS- hn-Im-kc - q-]a - m-Wv.- F-∂m¬- A-Xn¬- ]-Xv-aw''- F-∂- {]-Xo-I-Øn¬- D-≈-Xv.(18) - sS- \n-cm-ka - p-≈h -- b
- m-Wv.- F-∂m¬- A-Ø-
A-Sn-t®¬-]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂- ssl-μ-h- io-e- C-ß-s\- hn-i-I-e-\w- sN-øp-tºmƒ- a-\p- cw- A-[-a- co-Xn-I-fpw- B-Xv-ao-b-sa-∂v- hn-
ß-fpw- co-Xn-I-fpw- A-Xn-s\- B-Nm-c-kz- jy-\n-se- kzm-`m-hn-I-ß-fm-b- D-W¿-hp-I- fn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- C-¥y-bn¬- F-°m-e-Øpw-
`m-h-Øn-te-°v- A-[x-]-Xn-∏n-°p-∂p.- tbm- sf-bpw- D-W¿-®-I-sf-bpw- ssi-h-˛ssh-jv- Xm-{¥n-I-∑m-cn-se- Nq-j-W- kz-`m-h-°m¿-
K-im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚- km-t¶-Xn-I- ]-Zm-h-en- W-hm-Zn- {]m-No-\- a-X-ß-fp-sS- k-¶¬-]- C-Ø-cw- Zp- -zm-X-{¥y-ß-fp-sS- a-d-]n-Sn-®v,-
I-fn¬- I-S-∂p-h-cp-∂- ]-Z-ß-fn¬- ]-eXpw- ßƒ-°pw- B-i-b-ßƒ-°pw- A-\p-kr-X- X-ß-fp-sS- kzm¿-Y-- Xm¬-]-cy-ßƒ- kw-c-
ln-μp- an-tYm-f-Pn-bp-sS-bpw- hn-izm-k-ß- am-bn- {I-ao-I-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv- tbm-K-bn¬- £n-°m-\p-≈- Ip-Sn-e-X-{¥-ßƒ- {]-tbm-
fp-sS-bpw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- hn-i-Zo-I-cn- sN-bv-X-Xv- F-∂v- Im-Wmw.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p- Kn-®v- h-∂n´p-≠v.- B-Xva - o-bX- - F-∂- a-t\m-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.- Cu- km-[y-X- D-cp-Øn- X-s∂- tbm-K-im-kv-{Xw- H-cp- im-kv-{X-a-√- `m-hØ- n-\p-Xs - ∂- \n-c° - m-Ø- ]-eX - c
- w- {]-
cn-™p-h∂ - X- v- H-cp-]t- £,- tbm-Kb - n-se- co- ˛B-Nm-cw- am-{X-am-Wv.- h-W-X-Iƒ- C-ß-s\- hym-]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-
Xn-Iƒ- ssl-μ-h- kz-`m-h-ßƒ-°v- hn-t[- B-Xv-ao-b-X-bp-sS- t]-cn¬- A-\m-Xv-an-I- bn-´p-≠v- F-∂v- Im-Wmw.- X-{¥-im-kv-{X-
b-am-°-s∏-´-Xn-s‚- ^-e-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.-(16) Nn-¥m-K-Xn-Iƒ- Øn-s‚- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Ø-z-ß-fpw- io-e-
a-\- n-s‚- hn-hn-[- Kp-W-ß-sf-bpw- io-e- B-Xva - o-bX
- s - b- hy-IvX- a- m-bn- \n¿-hN - n- ß-fpw- {]m-Ir-X-hpw- In-cm-X-hp-am-b- ioe-
ß-sf-bpw- ]-e-hn-[-Øn¬- D-]-tbm-Kn-®p- ®n-´p-t≠m- F-∂- tNm-Zy-Øn-\v- D-≠v- F- ß-fn-em-Wv- hym-]n-®p-In-S-°p-∂-sX-∂pw-
sIm-≠v,- i-co-c-Øn-epw- a-kv-Xn-jv-I-Øn- ∂pw- C-√- F-∂pw- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-bm≥- I-gn- Im-´-m-f-∑m-cp-sS-bpw- Kn-cn- \n-hm-kn-I-fp-sS-
epw- hn-hn-[- tNm-Z-\-Iƒ- D-W¿-Øn-sb-Sp- bm-Ø- Zpx-kv-Yn-Xn-bm-Wv- `m-c-Xo-b- kw- bpw- io-e-ß-fn¬- ]-e-Xpw- X-{¥-bn¬- Dƒ-
°p-hm≥- I-gn-bp-sa-∂- hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚- kv-Im-c-Øn-s‚- a-d-]n-Sn-®v- C-hn-sS- h-f¿- s°m-≈n-°-s∏-ń-´p-s≠-∂pw- X-{¥-im-kv-
Xp-S¿-®-bm-Wv- b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- ------ tbm-K-bn- ∂v- h-∂-Xv.- B-Xv-am-hp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´- {X-sØ- {]-am-Wm-[n-jv-Tn-X-am-bn- ]-cn-tim-
se- ]-e- co-Xn-If - pw.- ssi-ha- X- Ø- n-s‚- B- Xv- F-∂- A¿-YØ - n¬- km-[m-cW - - D-]t- bm- [n-®- B-Nm-cy-∑m-cn¬- ]-e-cpw- tc-J-s∏-
cm-[-\m-ap-d-I-fn¬- Nn-e-Xv- tbm-K-bn¬- im- Kn-®p-hcp-∂- B-Xv-ao-b-X- F-∂- hm-°n-\v- Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.-(20) km-Xz-n-I-h¬-°-c-Ww-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 24
A-Y-hm- B-cy-h¬-°-c-Ww- F-∂- H-scm‰- s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂- Im-cy-ßƒ- A-Xo- km-[m-c-W-°m-c-\m-b- a-\p-jy-\v- sN-s∂-
ap-Jw- aq-Sn-sIm-≠m-Wv- X-{¥-bn-se- Zp¿- h- _m-en-i-ß-fpw- Xo-sc- Xm-Xzn-I- ]-cn-K- Øp-hm≥- I-gn-bp-∂- ta¬-]-d-™- Im-cy-
hr-Øn-Iƒ- \ym-bo-I-cn-°-s∏-´p-h-∂-Xv.- W-\- A¿-ln-°m-Øh - b- p-am-Wv.- A-hs - bm- ßƒ- G-Xm-≠v- ssi-i-h- L-´-Øn-ep-≈-
B-Xv-ao-b-X-°v- hy-Iv-X-am-b- cq-]-`m-h- s°- I-®-h-S-m-[n-jv-Tn-X-am-b- BXv-ao-b- Nn- Ip-™p-ßƒ- kz¿-Kw,-- tam-£w- F-∂n-h-
ßƒ- C-√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv- B-Xv-ao-b- kzm- ¥-I-sf-bpw- Nn-¥m-K-Xn-I-sf-bpw- kzm-[o- sb- \n¿-hN - n-°p-∂X - p-t]m-se-bp-≈X - m-Wv.-
X-{¥y-am-sW-∂p-≈- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww- Aw- \n-°p-∂p- F-∂-Xv- bm-Ym¿-∞y-am-Wv.- B- am-\k - n-tIm¬-I¿-jØ - n-\v- {]-Ir-Xn- Zr-
Ko-I-cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√.- B-Xv-ao-b-X-t]m-se- Xv-ao-b-X- F-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v- hn-h-£n-°-s∏- iy-ßƒ-,- kw-Ko-Xw,- I-em-kzm-Z-\w,- h¿-
Ku-ch - t- Øm-sS- ]-cn-KW - n-t°-≠p-∂- hnj- Sp-∂- Im-cy-ßƒ- F-s¥m-s°-bm-Wv,- BXv- Wm-kzm-Z-\w,- A-∂-]m-\o-b-ßƒ- F-∂n-
b-ß-fn¬- D-Zm-ko-\-X-bpw- A-ew-`m-h-hpw- ao-b-X- F-¥-√- F-∂-Xn-s‚- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- h-bpw- D-]-I-cn-°m-dp-≠v.- k-μ¿-`-ß-fpw-
]p-e¿-Øp-∂-Xn-te-°m-Wv- A-Ø-cw- h-n-i- am-\-Z-Wv-Uw- A-h-ew-_n-®p-sIm-≠v- ]-cn- km-l-N-cy-ß-fpw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-am-°n-bm-
Zo-Ic - W- ß - ƒ- \-bn-°p-I.- Ir-Xy-am-b- \n¿- tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ,- I-]-S- B-Xv-ao-b-X-bp- Wv- a-\- n-s‚- D¬-I¿-jm-˛]-I¿-j-ßƒ-
h-N\-Øn-s‚- A-`m-hw- `m-c-Xo-b- B-Xv- sS- km-[y-X-Iƒ- kv-Yn-co-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬- kw-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv.- A-Xn-\m¬- F-{X-X-s∂-
ao-b- ho-£-W-ß-sf- Zp¿-_-e-am-°p-∂p B-Xa v- o-bX - °
- v- \¬-Is- ∏-Sp-∂- Zp¿-_e - ß- - lr-Zy-sa-∂v- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏Sp-∂- H-cp-
F-∂pw- hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-ń-´p-≠v.- [¿-am-\p- fpw- in-Yn-e-ß-fp-am-b- Xm¬-°m-en-I- \n¿- Im-cy-hpw- a-\p-jy-a-\- n-s\- D-±-o-]n-∏n-°m-
im-k\ - ß- f - n-epw- B-Nm-cy-hN - \- ß
- f - n-epw- h-N-\-ßƒ- Im-cy-am-b- ]-¶p-h-ln-°p-∂p- Ø- k-μ¿-`ß - f - pw- Po-hn-XØ - n-ep-≠m-Imw.-
{]-am-W-ß-fn-epw- B-Xv-ao-b-X-°v- \¬-I- ≠v.- ssl-μ-h- Nn-¥m-[m-c-I-sf-bpw- {]-am- A-Ø-cw- L-´-ß-fn¬- am-\-kn-tIm¬-I¿-
s∏-Sp-∂- \n¿-h-N-\-ßƒ- Zm¿-i-\n-I- ]-cn- W-ß-sf-bpw- A-h-ew-_n-®v- D-cp-Øn-cn- j-am-Wv- B-Xv-ao-b-X- F-∂- \n¿-h-N-\w-
th-ja - p-≈h - b - pw- Im-hym-Xva - I- ß- f - p-am-Wv.- ™p-h-∂- Nn-e- Zp¿-_-e- \n¿-h-N-\-ßƒ- X-I¿-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p.- F-∂m¬- a-\p-jy-a-
F-∂m¬- A-h- s]m-Xp-hm-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn- C-h-bm-Wv-:- \- n-\v- A-Xn-s‚- h-n-`n-∂ -`m-h-lm-hm-Zn-
°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√- F-∂- ]-cn-an-Xn- Ip-Øg- n-™- 1. B-Xv-ao-b-X- a-m-\-kn-tIm¬-I¿-j- Iƒ- ° pw- A- X o- X - a m- b - \n- e - b n- e p- ≈ -
co-Xn-Iƒ-°v- ]-iv-Nm-Ø-e-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.- amWv.- bYm¿-Y-- B-Xv-ao-b-X- a-\p-jy-\n¬-\n-∂v-
ln-μp- [¿-a-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- kzm- 2.- B-\-μ- {]m-]v-Xn-bm-Wv.- H-cp-Im-eØ - v- \n-j-^ v- e - a- m-bn-t∏m-Im-Ø- X-
X-{¥y-am-bn- hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂- Im-cyw- c-Øn-ep-≈- hn-ip-≤n-bp-sS- H-cp- kp-c-£n-
3.- \n-i-vNn-¥-bm-Wv.-
X-s∂-bm-Wv- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- \yq-\-X-bm- X- h-e-b-am-bn- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p.- am-\-kn-
bn- Im-tW-≠-Xpw- F-∂- ssh-cp-[yw- B- 4.- B-{K-l- k-^-eo-I-c-W-am-Wv.- tIm¬-I¿-jw- ù-Xn-I-am-b- L-S-I-ß-fp-
Xv-ao-b-X-bp-sS- Im-cy-Øn-em-Wv- kw-`-hn- 5.- A-¥-cw-K-Øp-f-hm-Ip-∂- {]-k-∂- sS- ]n≥-_-e-tØm-sS- km-[n-°p-sa-∂-Xv-
°p-∂-Xv.- B-Xv-ao-b-X-sb- I-Wn-i-am-bpw- X-bm-Wv.- X-s∂-bm-Wv- A-Xn-s\- B-Xv-ao-b-X-bp-sS-
H-cp- N-´-°q-Sn-\v- hn-t[-b-am-bpw- \n¿-h-Nn- 6.- H-cp-X-cw- ]q¿-W-Xm- t_m-[-am-Wv.- \n¿-hN - \- Ø - n¬- ]-cn-KW - n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-
°m-Xn-cp-∂- Nn-e- {]-am-W-ß-fp-sS- A-Sn- Xn-\v- hn-th-Ia - X- n-Iƒ- Im-Wp-∂- Im-cW - w.
7.- a-\-kn-s‚- hn-Im-k-am-Wv.-
kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- ln-μp-Xz-Øn¬- B-Xv-ao-b- B-\μ - {- ]m-]vX - n-sb- B-Xva - o-bX - b- m-bn-
X- hy-Iv-Xn-\n-jv-T-am-bn- \n¿-h-Nn-°m-sa-∂v- ta¬-]-d-™- G-gq- Im-cy-ß-fpw- tbm-
Im-Wp-∂- ho-£-W-w- k-\m-X-\- [¿-a-
]-db - p-∂h - c
- pw- hm-Zn-°p-∂h - c - p-ap-≠v.- C-Ø- K-im-kv-{X-Øn-s≥-d- e-£y-ß-fn¬- ]-d-
Øn¬- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xm-b-Xp-sIm-
cw- hm-Z-K-Xn-I-fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- bp-∂p-≠v.- X-{¥-bn-se- Nn-e- co-Xn-I-fn-epw-
≠m-Wv- B-\-μ-a-Xw- ap-X-em-b- a-X-ßƒ-
B-Xv-ao-b-X- A-{X- hn-im-e-am-b- H-cp- am- Cu- e-£y-ßƒ- ]-cn-KW - n-°s- ∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.-
D-≠m-bX - v.- a-\ - n- s - ‚- D¬-°¿-jØ - n¬- \n-
\-kn-I- kzm-X-{¥y-am-Wv- F-∂- Nn-¥m-[m- F-∂m¬- a-\p-jy-\n-se- A-]m-c-am-b- km-
∂p-am-Wv- B-\-μw- D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.- B- \n-
c- D-cp-Øn-cn-bp-I-bpw- C-Xv- I-®-h-Sm-[n-jv- [y-XI - f - n-te-°v- hn-c¬-Nq-≠p-∂- k-\m-X\-
e-bv°v- B-Xv-ao-b-X-b-v°v- \¬-I-s∏-Sp-∂-
Tn-X-am-b- B-Xv-ao-b-X-°v- km-[y-X-sbm-cp- [¿-a-Øn¬- \n-∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv- ta¬-]-d-
am-\k- n-tIm¬-°¿ - j - w- F-∂X - n- s
- ‚- X-s∂-
°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v.- D-]-\n-j-Øp-°- ™- _m-en-i-ß-fm-b- B-Xv-ao-b-Xm- \n¿-
a-s‰m-cp- co-Xn-bn-ep-≈- B-h¿-Ø-\-am-Wn-
fpw- Zm¿-i-\n-I--- {K-\v-Y-ß-fpw- h-c-®v- Im- h-N\ - ß - f - pw- D-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂X - v- F-∂- Im-
Xpw.- C-Nv-O-I-fp-sS-bpw- B-{K-l-ß-fp-sS-
Wn-°p-∂- ho-£-W-ßƒ-°v- ]p-d-Øv- B- cyw- A-Xy-[n-Iw- hn-Nn-{X-I-c-am-bn-cn-°p-
bpw- ]q-c-W-Øn-eq-sS- a-\- n-\v- B-\-μw-
Xva- o-bX - b- p-am-bn- _-\v[ - s
- ∏-´- kz-X{- ¥- \n- ∂p.- Im-cW - w- G-sX-¶n-ep-sam-cp- I-]S- - B-
Ic-K-X-amIp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-Xpw- B-Xv-ao-
e-]m-Sp-Iƒ- F-∂- \n-e-bn¬- ]-cn-K-Wn-°- Xv-ao-b- am¿-K-Øn-s‚- k-lm-b-an-√m-sX-
b-X-bm-bn- ]-cn-K-Wn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂p- Cu-
\n¿-h-N-\- {]-Im-cw.- a-\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn-
s‚- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-b- K-Xn-hn-K-Xn-Iƒ-°v-
hn-cp-≤-am-b- H-cp- \n¿-h-N-\-am-Wn-Xv.- Im-
B-\-μ-{]m-]v-Xn-sb- B-Xv-ao-b-X-bm-bn- Im-Wp-∂- ho-£-W-w- k-\m-X-\- [¿-a-Øn¬- Aw-Ko- c-Ww,- B-\-μ-˛Zpx-Jm-\p-`-h-ß-ƒ- am-dn-am-
I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xm-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- B-\-μ-a-Xw- ap-X-em-b- a-X-ßƒ- D-≠m-b-Xv.- a-\- -n-s‚- dn-h-cp-∂- Po-hn-X-Øn¬- B-\-μw- B-Xv-
D¬-°¿-j-Øn¬- \n-∂p-am-Wv- B-\-μw- D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.- B- \n-e-bv°v- B-Xv-ao-b-X-b-v°v- ao-b-X-bp-sS- ]-cym-b-am-Ip-tºmƒ- Zpx-Jw-
\¬-I-s∏-Sp-∂- am-\-kn-tIm¬-°-¿-jw- F-∂-X-n-s‚- X-s∂- a-s‰m-cp- co-Xn-bn-ep-≈- B-h¿- \n-cm-Xv-an-I-X-bm-bn- Im-tW-≠n-h-cpw.-
Ø-\-am-Wn-Xpw. ZpxJn-X¿- B-Xv-ao-b-c-√- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-
X-Ø-z-im-kv-{Xw- G-‰-hpw- A-]-lm-ky-am-
b- k-ao-]-\-Øn-s‚- Ip-an-fm-cq-]-am-Wv.- C-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 25
Xm-Wv- Cu- \n¿-h-N-\-Øn-s‚- G-‰-hpw- h-
en-b- ]-cn-an-Xn-bpw.- B-{K-l- k-^-eo-I-c-
W-Øn-s‚- kz-`m-h-a-\p-k-cn-®v- B-Xv-ao-b- ssZ-hn-I- am¿-K-Z¿-i-\-Øn¬- D-u-∂n-\n¬-°p-∂- hy-Iv-X-am-b- {]-am-W-ß-fn¬- \n-∂v- am-{X-
X-sb- \n¿-h-Nn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂-Xpw- H-cp- h-
am-Wv- B-Xva- o-bX
- - a-\
- n-em-t°-≠X
- pw- a-\
- n-em-°s- ∏-tS-≠X
- pw.- a\p-jy≥- A-h≥- Pohn-
en-b- B-ib - Ø
- I - ¿-®- X-s∂-bm-Wv- k-Xy-
Øn¬.- B-{K-l- ]q¿-Øo-I-c-W-Øn-eq-sS- °p-∂- Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚-bpw- h¿-Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn-s‚-bpw- sh-fn-®-Øn¬- F-Øn-t®-cp-∂-
B-\μ - h - pw- B-\μ - Ø- n-eq-sS- am-\k - n-Ia - m- Nn-¥-Iƒ-°v- B-i-b-]-c-am-b- A-{]-am-Zn-Øw- I¬-]n-°p-hm≥- I-gn-bn-√.-
b- D¬-°¿-jh - pw- e-`n-°p-∂p- F-∂X - v- km-
am-\y-am-b- H-cp- X-Ø-z-am-Wv.- a-\p-jy-Po-
hn-X-Øn-se- \n-Xy-km-[m-c-W-ß-fm-b-
ssh-Im-cn-I-X-I-fp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-Sp-Øn- ≈n¬- am-{Xw- H-Xp-ßp∂-Xm-bn-cn-°p-I- X-{¥yw''- F-∂- t]-cn¬- e-fn-X-h¬-°-cn-
B-Xv-ao-b-X-sb- \n¿-h-N-n-°p-∂-Xv- F-¥p- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-Wv.- X-\n-°v- Kp-W-I-c-am-b- °-s∏-´,- a-\p-jy-s‚- Pv-Rm-\-]-c-am-b- ]-
sIm-≠v- F-∂v- Nn-¥n-°p-tºmƒ- e-`-n-°p- co-Xn-bn¬- am-{X-sa- H-cp- hy-Iv-Xn-°v- hn-hncn-an-Xn-I-fn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂- {]-iv-\-ß-fn-
∂- Im-c-W-ßƒ- C-h-bm-Wv-:- [- hn-j-b-ß-fp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´- X-s‚- se- B-i-b-h¬-°-cn-°p-∂n-S-Øv- A-Xm-
1.- eu-In-I-am-b- Po-hn-X-Øn-\-∏p-d-Øv- \n¿-h-N-\-ßƒ- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-hm-\pw- I- Wv- kw-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv.- B-Xv-ao-b-X-bp-sS- b-
Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚- km-[y-X-I-fpw- kv-Yn-Xn-K- gn-bq.- ""X-h-f-Iƒ- `q-tKm-f-sØ- \n¿-h-Nn- Ym¿-Y-- \n¿-h-N\w- km-[n-°m-Ø- ]-cn-an-
Xn-I-fpw- \o-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂n-√- F-∂- Nn-¥m- °p-∂-Xv- A-h- Po-hn-°p-∂- In-W-dn-\-\p- Xn-bp-sS- D¬-]-∂-ß-fm-bn- h-cp-∂- B-i-
K-Xn-- C-Ø-cw- ho-£-W-ß-sf- kzm-[o-\n- k-cn-®m-Wv''- F-∂v- ]-d-™p-sIm-≠v- a-\p- b-ß-sf- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®v- A-h- hn-im-e-
°p-∂p.- jy-s‚- Cu- _p-≤n-]-c-am-b- ]-£-]m-Xn- am-b- \n¿-h-N-\w- kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-s‚- sX-
2.- b-Ym¿-Y- a-\p-jym-h-kv-Y-sb°-p-dn- Xz-sØ- Imƒ-bm-kv-t]-gv-kv- hn-i-I-e-\w- fn-hp-I-fm-Wv- F-∂v- ]-dbp-∂-Xv- _m-en-i-
®pw- B-Xv-ao-b-am-b- bm-Ym¿-Y-y-sØ-°-p-dn- sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v.-(21) B-Xv-ao-b-X-bp-sS- Im-cy- am-b- \n-e-]m-Sm-Wv.-
®pw- hn-i-I-e-\w- sN-øp-hm≥- km-[n-°m- Øn-epw- C-Xv- i-cn-bm-b- \n-co-£-W-am-Wv.- ssZ-hn-I- am¿-K-Z¿-i-\-Øn¬- D-u-∂n-
Ø- {]-am-W-]-c-am-b- Zu¿-_-eyw.- Po-hn-X-Øn-\-∏p-dw- I-S-∂v- Nn-¥n-°m-Ø- \n¬-°p-∂- hy-Iv-X-am-b- {]-am-W-ß-fn¬-
hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ,- Po-hn-X-Øn-se- hn-hn-[- A- \n-∂v- am-{X-am-Wv- B-Xv-ao-b-X- a-\- n-em-
2.- eu-In-I- Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚- \n-Xy-e-
h-kvY - I - f - p-am-bn- _-\v[ - s - ∏-Sp-Øn- a-\p-jy- t°-≠-Xpw- a-\- n-em-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xpw.-
fn-X-ß-fm-b- t\-´-ß-fn¬- _-\v-[n-®p-\n¿-
\n-se- {]-Xn-`m-kn-I-X-Iƒ-°v- \¬-I-s∏- a\p-jy≥- A-h≥- Po-hn-°p-∂- Po-hn-XØ - n-
Øn- B-Xv-ao-b-X-sb- hn-]-W-\w- sN-øp-
Sp-∂- \n¿-h-N-\-ßƒ- N¿-®- sN-øp-∂-Xv- s‚-bpw- h¿-Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn-s‚-bpw- sh-
∂-Xn-\p-≈- t_m-[] - q¿-ha- m-b- Nn-¥m-KX - n-
Zm¿-i-\n-I-am-b- io-e-am-sW-¶n-epw- A-Ø- fn-®-Øn¬- F-Øn-t®-cp-∂- Nn-¥-Iƒ-°v-
Iƒ- C-h-bn¬- kzm-[o-\-hpw- C-S-s]-S-epw-
cw- N¿-®-Iƒ- Po-hn-X-Øn¬- F-¥v- ^-e- B-ib - ] - c
- a
- m-b- A-{]-am-Zn-Øw- I¬-]n-°p-
\-S-Øp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v.-
am-Wv- D-f-hm-°p-∂-Xv- F-∂v- Nn-¥n-°p- hm≥- I-gn-bn-√.- B-Xva - o-bX - s
- b- a-\p-jy- ≥-
b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- Po-hn-X-sØ-Ip-dn-®p- tºmƒ- e-`n-°p-∂- a-dp-]-Sn- A-{X- {]-Xym-
≈- hn-I-kn-X-hpw- ]-cn-]-Iz-hp-am-b- A-h- A-h-s‚-X-s∂- Nn-¥-I-fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-
i-bp-f-hm-°p-∂-X-√.- Zm¿-i-\n-I-am-b- kw-
t_m-[w- B-Xv-ao-b-X-sb- \n¿-h-Nn-°p-∂- Øn¬- \n¿-h-Nn-°p-tºmƒ- kw-`-hn-°p-∂-
hm-Z- \n-eh - m-ca- p-≈- N¿-®I - ƒ- a-\p-jy-s‚-
Xn¬- B-h-iy-am-Wv.- Po-hn-X-Øn-\v- A¿- Xv- k-Xy-Øn¬- A-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv.- i-Iv-
B-ib - - kw-th-Z\ - ß
- s
- f- kzm-[o-\n-t®-°m-
Y-]q¿-W-am-b- H-cp- \n¿-h-N-\w- \¬-Im≥- X-hpw- hy-IvX - h
- p-am-b- {]-am-Wß - f - n-√m-sX-
sa-¶n-epw- B-Xy-¥n-Ia - m-bn- A-hb - p-sS- ^-
I-gn-bm-Ø- a-XØ - n-t\m- hnizm-kØ - n-t\m- b-Ym¿-Y-- B-Xv-ao-b-X-sb- \n¿-h-Nn-°m≥-
e-ßƒ- \n-cm-im-P-\-I-ß-fm-bn-cn-°p-sa-
B-Xv-ao-b-X-sb- i-cn-bm-bn- \n¿-h-Nn-°p- km-[y-a-√.- F-∂m¬- i-Iv-X-hpw- hy-Iv-X-
∂m-Wv- Cu- hn-j-b-Øn¬- Nn-e¿- A-`n-
hm≥- I-gn-bn-√- F-∂X - m-Wv- {]-iv\
- w.- Pohn- hp-am-b- {]-am-W-ßƒ- ssZ-h-n-I- am¿-K-Z¿-
{]m-bw- ]-d-™n-´p-≈-Xv.(22) -
X-t_m-[w,- Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚- e-£y-sØ- i-\-Øn¬- \n-∂v- cq-]w-sIm-≠-Xm-bn-cn-°-
{kjvSm-hn-\p- am-{X-sa- a-\p-jy-s‚- B- bpw- th-≠-Xp-≠v.- a-\p-jy-s‚- B-Xv-ao-b-
°p-dn-®p-≈- Nn-¥m-K-Xn-Iƒ,- a-\p-jy-hy-
¥-cn-I-hpw- _m-ly-hp-am-b- kv-Y-n-Xn-K-Xn- \n¿-h-N-\-ßƒ- ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- A-h-
Xn-cn-Iv-X-X-bp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- Im-c-W-ß-
Iƒ- Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-hm≥- I-gn-bq.- A-Sp-Ø- bn¬- ssZ-hn-I- am-¿-K-Z-¿-i-\-Øn-s‚- aqey-
fn-ep-≈- Xn-cn-®-dn-hv- F-∂n-h-sbm-s°- B-
A-dn-hpw- ]q¿-W-am-b- \n-b-{¥-Wm-[n-Im- ßƒ- ]-cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√- F-∂-Xp-
Xv-ao-b-X-sb-- \n¿-h-Nn-°p-∂-Xn¬- L-S-I-
c-hp-ap-≈- B- i-Iv-Xn-bn¬-\n-∂p-≈- \n¿- sIm-≠m-Wv.- C-kv-emw- am-{X-am-Wv- B-Xv-
ß-fm-Wv.- F-¥m-Wv- Po-hn-X-sa-∂v- A-dn-
tZ-iß - f - n-eq-sS- D-cp-Øn-cn-bp-∂X - m-Wv- B- ao-bX - s - b- i-cn-bm-bn- B-hn-jvI - c - n-®n-cn°-
bm-Ø- H-cp- a-X-Z¿-i-\-Øn-¬-\n-∂v- B-Xv-
Xva- o-bX - b - p-sS- A-Sn-kY v- m-\X - e- ß
- ƒ.- ssZ- p-∂-Xv.-(23)
ao-b-X-sb-Ip-dn-®v- e-`n-°p-∂- \n-¿-h-N-\-
hn-I-t_m-[-\-Øn-s‚-bpw- am¿-K-Z¿-i-\-
ßƒ- ta¬-]d - ™
- X
- c - Ø
- n¬- A-]l - m-ky- a-\p-jym-\p-`h - ß
- f - n-se- kp-Jm-\p-`q-Xn-
Øn-s‚-bpw- aq-ey-ß-fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-
ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw.- Po-hn-X-Øn-\-∏p-dw- a-s‰m- Ifp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- B-Xv-ao-b-X-
Øn¬- Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-∂- a-\p-jy-s\-°-p-dn-
cp- Po-hn-X-an-s√-∂v- Nn-¥n-°p-∂- hy-Iv-Xn,- sb- \n¿-h-Nn-°p-∂-Xv- B-Xv-ao-b- I-®-h-S-
®p-≈- Xn-cn-®d - n-hpw- ]q¿-Wa - m-b- A-ht- _m-
X-s‚- Im-gv-N-∏m-Sn-\-\p-k-cn-®v- B-Xv-ao-b- kv-Ym-]-\-ß-sf- Xm-Xzn-I-am-bn- \ym-bo-I-
[-hpw- B-i-b- \n¿-an-Xn-I-fm-bn- ]-cy-h-k-
X-sb- \n¿-h-Nn-°p-tºmƒ- B- \n¿-h-N-\- cn-°e - m-W.v - B-{K-l- k-ê - o-Ic - W
- w,- B\-
m-\n-°b - m-Wv- sN-øp-∂X - v.- ""B-Xva - o-b- kzm-
hpw- Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚- lr-kz-]-cn-[-n-°p- μ-{]m-]v-Xn,- am-\-kn-tIm¬-I¿-jw,- {]iv-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 26
\-]c - n-lm-cw,- Xm¬-°m-en-I- B-izm-kw- F- Po-hn-X-tØm-Sp-≈- a-\p-jy-s‚- D-Ø- [n-jvT - n-Xa - m-b- Po-hn-X- {I-ao-Ic - W
- Ø- n-s‚-
∂n-h- hn¬-]-\-°p-sh-®n-cn-°p-∂- [ym-\- c-hm-Zn-Ø-t_m-[-Øn-s‚- L-S-\-bpw- B- D-Øc - h- m-Zn-ØØ - n¬-\n-∂v- c-£s∏-Sp-Øp-
tI-{μ-ßƒ,- ]p-Wy-kv-Y-e-ßƒ,- kn-≤-∑m- Xv-ao-b-am-b- hn-Nm-c-ß-fpw- X-Ωn¬- _-\v- ∂-h-sc-bpw- Im-Wmw.- C-h¿- a-X-Øn-s‚-
cp-sS- Xm-h-f-ßƒ,- a-{¥-hm-Z-Øn-s‚-bpw- [-s∏-´v- In-S-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.- \n-K-q-V-h-¬-°- bpw- kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-s‚-bpw- Po¿-W-X-I-
]q-P-I-fp-sS-bpw- tI-{μ-ßƒ- F-∂n-h-bn¬- c-W-Øn-s‚-bpw- A-hy-Iv-X-X-I-fp-sS-bpw- sf-bm-Wv- a-l-Xzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- b-Ym¿-Y--
{]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂-Xv- b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- B-ib - ] - c
- a
- m-b- Zp¿-{K-lX - I- f
- p-sS-bpw- A- Kp-W-K-W-ß-sf-b-√.-(25)
B-Xv-ao-b-X-bp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´- D-]cn-π- I-º-Sn-tbm-sS- A-h-X-cn-∏n-t°-≠p-∂- H-cp- a-\p-jy-\n-se- Xm¬-°m-en-I-ß-fm-b-
h- \n¿-h-N-\-ß-fm-Wv.- a-\p-jy-\n-se- ta-J-e-b-√- k-Xy-Øn¬- B-Xv-ao-b-X- F- D-W¿-hp-I-sf- ap-∂n¬- I-≠p-sIm-≠v- B-
Xm¬-°m-en-Im-h-iy- \n¿-h-l-W-Øn-s‚- ∂-Xv.- a-\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬- A-®-S-°-hpw- hn-jv-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- I-]-S-im-kv-{X-ßƒ-
co-Xn-Iƒ-°v- F-ß-\- B-Xv-ao-b-sa-∂- hn- e-£yt_m-[-hpw- {In-bm-Xv-a-I-X-bpw- \n- B-Xv-ao-b- D-]m-[n-I-fm-bn- I-®-h-Sw- sN-ø-
ti-j-Ww- tN-cp-sa-∂v- ]-e-cpw- Nn-¥n-°p e-\n¿-Øp-∂- hy-h-kv-Ym-]n-X-am-b- H-c-h- s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂-bp-≈- k-aq-l
t∂-bn-√.- A-`-o-jv-S-kn-≤n- F-∂- K-p-Ww- t_m-[-am-Wv- C-kv-em-an-I- ho-£-W-Øn- t{Zm-l-]-c-am-b- {]-h-W-X-bm-Wv- a-X-ß-fp-
am-{Xw- D-b¿-Øn-∏n-Sn-®v- ]-c-kyw- sN-øp- se- B-Xv-ao-b-X-bp-sS- Im-X¬.- Im-Sp-I-b- sS- t]-cn-ep-≈- Im-Sp-I-b-dn-b- X-Ø-z-im-
∂- Nn-e- tI-{μ-ßƒ- A-h-bp-sS- kz-`m-hw- dp-∂- X-Ø-z-Nn-¥-tbm- D-]-cn-πh-ß-fm-b- kv-{X-ßƒ- {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xpw.- B-Xv-ao-
t\¿-°p-t\¿- {]-I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n-epw- N¿-®m-˛kw-hm-Z-ß-tfm- Z-p¿-{K-l-ß-fm-b- b-X-bp-sS- t]-cn-ep-≈- I-≈-®-c-°p-I-sf-
a-\- n-em-t°-≠p-∂- a-\p-jy¿- a-\- n-em- B-i-b-ß-tfm- A-√- C-kv-em-an-s‚- ho-£- Xn-cn-®d - n-bp-Ib- pw- X-≈n-°f - b- p-Ib- pw- sN-
°p-∂n-√.- A`-o-jv-S- kn-≤n-bm-Wv- B-Xv-ao- W-Øn-se- B-Xva - o-bX
- .- a-\p-jy-s‚- Pohn- tø-≠-Xv- B-h-iy-am-Wv.- A-Xn-\p-≈- am-
b-X- F-∂v- Zp¿-_-e-Nn-Ø¿- a-\- n-em-°p- X-sØ-bpw- Po-hn-Xm-\-¥-c- L-´-Øn-se- \-Z-Wv-U-ß-fpw- D-]m-[nI-fpw- ssZ-hn-I-
∂p.- h-gn-]m-Sp-I-fp-sS- km-º-Øn-I- im-kv- A-h-kv-Y-I-sf-bpw- Nq-gv-∂v- \n¬-°p-∂- am¿-K-Z¿-i-\-am-b- C-kv-em-an-ep-≠v.- C-kv-
{X-Øn-\v- ]n-∂n¬- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- hn-Nm- ssZ-hn-I- am¿-K-Z¿-i-\-Øn-s‚- {]-`m-a-Wv- em-an-I- {]-am-Wß - f- p-sS- sh-fn-®Ø - n¬- am-
cw,- ]-I-c-Øn-\v- ]-I-c-am-bn- a-\p-jy-\v- e- U-ew- X-s∂-bm-Wv- b-Ym¿-Y- B-Xv-ao-b- {X-sa- B-tKm-f- am-\-h-cm-in-°v- B-Xv-ao-
`n-°p-∂- H-cp- h-kv-Xp-hm-Wv- B-Xv-ao-b-X- X.- a-\p-jy≥- \-∂m-bn- Po-hn-°p- I - b
- pw- kz- b- Im-]-Sy-ß-sf-bpw- B-Xv-ao-b- I-®-h-S-
F-∂-Xv.- I-®-h-S-Øn-s‚- co-Xn-Iƒ- C-ß- ¥w- B-Xv-am-hn-t\m-Spw- kz-¥w- {k-jv-Sm- ß-sf-bpw- Xn-cn-®-dn-™v- kp-c-£n-X-ambn-
s\- ]-e-hn-[-ß-fn¬- {]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-I- hn-t\m-Spw- Po-hn-X-tØm-Spw- Po-h-n-X- ]-cn- ap-t∂m-´v- \o-ßp-hm≥- km-[n-°p-I-bp-≈q-
bm-Wv- Cu- ta-J-e-bn¬.- D-]-cn-π-h-am-b- k-c-tØm-Spw- k-l-Po-hn-I-tfm-Spw- \o-Xn- F-∂v- Im-ew- \n-c-¥-cw- sX-fn-bn-®p-sIm-
A-h-t_m-[-ß-fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- ]p-e¿-ØpI-bpw- sN-øp-∂-Xn-\v- B-h-iy- ≠n-cn-°-bm-Wv.-
kz-cq-]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂- Nn-¥-Iƒ- b-Ym¿-Y-- h- am-b- am¿-K-Z¿-i-\w- a-\p-jy-\v- \¬-I-s∏-
kq-N-\-Iƒ-:-
kv-Xp-X-I-fn¬- \n-∂v- H-cp- h-en-b- hn-`m-Kw- ń-´p-≠v.- B- am¿-K-Z¿-i-\-Øn-s‚- sh-fn-
a-\p-jy-sc- X-S-bp-I-bpw- ]n-¥n-cn-∏n-°p-I- ®-Øn¬- Po-hn-Xw- Nn-¥-Iƒ- {]-hr-Øn-I- (kq-Nn-X-am-b- B-i-b-ßƒ- {]-Xn-]m-
bpw- sN-øp-∂p-≠v- F-∂-Xm-Wv- k-Xyw.- C- ƒ- F-∂n-h-sb- {I-a-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ- D-cp- Zn-®n-´p-≈- Ir-Xn-I-sf-°-p-dn-®p-≈- e-Lp-]-
°m-cy-Øn¬- ssl-μ-h- Z¿-i-\- {K-\v-Y-ß- Øn-cn-bp-∂- k-hn-ti-j-am-b- H-cp- {]-`m-h- cm-aß
- ƒ- am-{Xw.- {K-\vY - ß
- ƒ - - t\-cn-´h
- e- w-
fpw- {]-am-W-ß-fpw- h-ln-°p-∂- ]-¶v- hep- sØ- C-kv-emw- hn-e-a-Xn-°p-∂p.- a-dn-®v- _n-°p-∂n-√).-
Xm-Wv.- ""B-Xv-ao-b-X- F-∂m¬- A-sX-¥p- Nne- {]-tXy-I- th-j-ß-fpw- Nn-¥m-K-Xn- 1.- ""In¿-en-b≥- t^m-t´m-{Km-^n'-'- t]P-v- 130,- 149,- 162,
tUm.- tdm-kv-en≥- tjm-t]m-hv,- k-b≥-dn-^n-Iv- sl-
amImw''- F-∂- H-cp- Nn-¥m-K-Xn- \n-e-\n¿- I-fpw- B-`m-k-I-c-am-b- {]-hr-Øn-I-fpw- cn-t‰-Pv-˛1997,- tam-kv-tIm.-
Øp-I-bpw- B- Nn-¥m-K-Xn-bp-sS- a-d-]n-Sn- a\p-jy-a-l-Ø-z-Øn-\v- \n-c-°m-Ø- ]-e-X- 2.- tbm-K-im-kv-{X- B≥-dv- C-‰v-kv- _m-°v- {Ku-≠v-
®p-sIm-≠v- A-t\-Iw- _m-en-i- {]-h-W-X- cw- D-]-cn-π-h- \m-Sy-ß-fp-am-bn- ap-t∂m-´v- ln-kv-‰dn,- t]-Pv- 6,- 7,- 8,- tUm.- B-\-μv- Ip¬-°¿-
Iƒ-°v- B-Xva - o-b- ]-cn-th-jw- \¬-In- I®- t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-s\- B-Xv-ao-b-X- F-∂v- hn-fn- Wn,- tUm.- c-ho-{μ- Ip¬-°¿-Wn,- tam-tU¨- _p-Iv-
kv- A-l-a-Zm-_m-Zv,- 1985.-
h-Sw- \-S-Øp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-h-cp-sS- ASn- °p-∂X - v- A-]l - m-ky-am-Wv.- tem-IØ - v- F- 3.- `-K-h-Zv-Ko-Xm- B≥-dv- tbm-K-˛F- kv-‰-Un- Hm^v-
kv-Ym-\- ]n≥-_-e-hpw- b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- Nn- √m- a-X-ß-fp-sS-bpw- a-d-]n-Sn-®v,- A-h-bp-sS- Unssh≥- B-kv-s]-Iv-‰v-kv.- t]-Pv- 53,- 53.- s{]m-^.-
e- ssl-μ-h- {]-am-W-ß-fn-se- A-bp-Iv-Xn- {]-am-W-ßƒ-°-Xo-X-am-bn- h-f¿-∂p-h-∂- l-co-{μ- tKm-]n-I¿,- tlm-dn-k¨- ]-ªn-t°-j≥kv,-
I- ß - f m- b - B- i - b - ß ƒ- X- s ∂- b m- W v - Nn-e- {]-hW - X- I- ƒ- Im-Wmw.- A-hs - b- B- ]q-\,-- 1979.-
4.- tbm-K- im-kv-{X- B‚ v- C-‰v-kv- _m-°v- {Ku≠v-
F∂v- Im-Wmw.-(24) Xva- o-bX - b- m-bn- sIm-ń-tLm-jn-®v- {]-am-Wm- ln-kv-‰-dn- t]-Pv- 99˛100.-
5.- ssa≥-Uv- B‚ v- sa-Un-t‰-j≥.- t]-Pv- 19.- PKv-Po-
h≥- tZ-im-bn,- l-n-μp-kv-Ym≥- ]-ªn-t°-j≥-kv,- A-
l-a-Zm-_m-Zv,- 1989.-
6.- ssa≥-Uv- B≥-dv- sa-Un-t‰-j≥,- t]-Pv- 24˛25.-
a-\p-jy-\n-se- Xm¬-°m-en-I-ß-fm-b- D-W¿-hp-I-sf- ap-∂n¬- I-≠p-sIm-≠v- B-hn-jv-I-cn- 7.- tbm-K- B‚ v- sa-Un-t‰-j≥,- tPm¨- en-hnwKv-
°-s∏-Sp-∂- I-]-S-im-kv-{X-ßƒ- B-Xv-ao-b- D-]m-[n-I-fm-bn- I-®-h-Sw- sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-t]m- B‚ v- A-e-Iv-kv- sPw-kv,- t]-Pv- 34,- 35,- 36,- e-n-hnw-Kv-
se-X-s∂-bp-≈- kaq-l t{Zm-l-]-c-am-b- {]-h-W-X-bm-Wv- a-X-ß-fp-sS- t]-cn-ep-≈- Im-Sp- ao-Un-b,- Im-en-t^m¿-Wn-b,- 1998.-
8.- A-Kv-\n,- s{]m-^.- {]n-kv-‰mƒ.-
I-b-dn-b- X-Ø-z-im-kv-{X-ßƒ- {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xpw.- B-Xv-ao-b-X-bp-sS- t]-cn-ep-≈- I-≈- 9.- ""C-¥y- B‚ v- C-¥y-\n-kw-˛ F- kv-‰-Un- Hm^v-
®-c-°p-I-sf- Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-I-bpw- X-≈n-°-f-bp-I-bpw- sN-tø-≠-Xv- B-h-iy-am-Wv.- sl-cn-t‰-Pv'',- thm-fyw- 1,- 2,- 3,- s{]m-^.- tPm¨- epUv-
hn-ßv,- Hm-jym-t\m- {]-kv,- e-≠≥,- 1999.-
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 49¬- -)-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 27
hn-i-I-e-\w-
?
?
kp-hn-ti-j- k-lm-b-I≥-
B-cm-Wv?-
sI.- kn.- cm-L-h≥,- t]-cm-{º-
B-Zm-an¬-\n-∂m-cw-`n-®v- t\m-l-bp-sS- s]-´-I-Øn¬- A-h-km-\n-°p-I-bpw- {]-f-bm-\-

¥-cw- ho-≠pw- P-∑w-sIm-≠v- A-{_-lm-an-s≥-d- ss]-Xr-Iw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂- C{k-
tb¬- P-\-X-Xn-bp-sS- C-Xn-lm-k-am-Wv s-- s_-_nƒ- ]-g-b-\n-b-aw.-- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- P-\-
\m-\-¥-c-ap-≈- {]-tLm-j-W-ß-sf- ss_-_nƒ- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-aw- A-Y-hm- kp-hn-ti-jw-
F-∂pw- ]-d-bp-∂p.- A-{_-lm-w- B-Zm-an¬-\n-∂v- 21˛mw- X-e-ap-d-°m-c-\pw- tb-ip- 63˛mw-
]p-cp-jm-¥c - h- p-am-sW-∂m-Wv- hn-izm-kw.- ]-gb
- \- n-ba
- Ø
- n-se- ]-Øp- I¬-]\ - I- ƒ- blq-
Z-∑m¿-°pw- {In-kv-Xym-\-n-Iƒ-°pw- H-cp-t]m-se- _m-[-I-am-W-t√m.- \n-b-aw- tam-i-bn¬-
Iq-Sn-bpw- k-Xy-hpw- Ir-]-bp-w-- tb-ip-hn¬-Iq-Sn-bp-w- e-`n-®p-sh-∂m-Wv- {In-kv-Xo-b- [m-
cW (tbm-l-∂m≥- 1:- 17,-18).-
ss_-_nƒ- ]-p-Xn-b-\n-b-aØn-s≥-d- B-ap-Jw- {i-t≤-b-am-Wv.- "]q¿-h-Im-e-ß-fn¬-
{]-hm-N-I-]c-º-c-bn-eq-sS- hn-hn-[- L-´-ß-fn-epw- hn-hn-[-co-Xn-I-fn-epw- ss-Z-hw- a-\pjy-
cm-i-n-tbm-S- v- kw-km-cn-°p-I-bpw- {]-t_m-[-\-ß-ƒ- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- sN-b-vXp.- F-∂m¬-
Cu- A-¥y-\m-fp-I-fn¬- I¿-Øm-hv- X-s≥-d- ]p-{X≥- h-gn- ssZ-hn-I- hm-Kv-Zm-\-ß-fpw-
A\p-im-k-\-ß-fpw- ]q¿-Øo-I-c-n-°p-∂p.- Np-cp-°-Øn¬- tb-ip- ssZ-h-]p-{X-\m-Wv.-
A-t±-l-Øn¬-Iq-Sn- {]-N-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´- {Iv-kv-Xp-a-Xw- A-¥y-hpam-Wv.- b-lq-Z-P-\y- {]hm-
N-I-]-c-º-c- tb-ip-hn-eq-sS- ]q¿-W-X-bn-se-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cn-eq-i-S-
{]tLm-jn-∏n-°-s∏-´- ssZ-h-t{]-m-‡-ßƒ- I¿-Øm-hv- -]p-{X-\n-eq-sS- D-]-kw-l-cn-®n-cn-
°p-∂p.- ta-en¬- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-tcm- ssZ-h-]p-{X-∑m-tcm- D-≠m-hp-I-bn-√.- Im-c-Ww- Bh-
iy-w- h-cp-∂n-√ F-∂-Xp-X-s∂.- {In-kv-Xp-a-Xw- A-\yq-\-am-Wv.- A-Xn-\p-ap-ºv- \n-e-hn-en-
cp-∂- b-lq-Z- a-Xw A-km-[p-hm-bn-Øo¿-∂n-cn-°p-∂p'-.-
X-\n-°v- ap-tº- h-∂-h-sc-√mw- I-≈-∑m-cpw- I-h¿-®-°m-cp-am-bn-cp-s∂-∂pw- {In-kvXp-
hn-eq-sS- {]-th-in-°p-∂-h≥- am-{Xw- c-£-{]m-]n-°p-sa-∂pw- kp-hn-ti-jw- ]-d-bp-∂p
(tbm-l.-10:- 9). hn-iz-kn-°p-I-bpw- ⁄m-\-kv-\m-\w- kzo-I-cn-°p-bpw -sN-øp-∂-h≥
c£n-°s - ∏-Sp-sa-∂pw- A-√m-Øh - ≥- in-£n-°s - ∏-Sp-sa-∂pw- A-Xv- Xp-S¿-∂d
- n-bn-®p- (am¿-
16:-14˛19).- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- P-\-\m-\-¥-cw- {In-kv-Xym-\n-bm-bn- am-tam-Zn-k- ap-°n-b-h¿- am-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 28
{Xw- c-£-{]m-]-n-°pw.- A-√m-Ø-h¿- A-hn-i-z-m-kn-I-fm-b- lo-\-cpw- \n-Xy-\-c-I-Øn-s≥d-
A-h-Im-in-I-fp-am-bn- `-hn-°pw-.- h-gn-bp-w-- k-Xy-hp-w-- Po-h-\pw- tb-ip-am-{X-am-sW-∂pw-
A-t±-l-Øn-eq-S-b-√m-s-X- bm-sXm-cp-h-∂pw- I¿-Øm-hn-s≥-d- kz¿-K-cm-Py-Øn-te-°v- {]-
th-in-°p-hm≥- I-gn-bp-I-bn-s√-∂pw- kp-hn-ti-jw- Xo¿-Øp- ]-d-bp-∂p- (tbm-l.- 14:-6).-
{]-kv-XpX- {]-kv-Xm-h-\-I-fn¬-\n-∂v- a-\p-jy-cm-in-sb- t\¿-am¿-Kw- Im-Wn-°-p-hm-
\pw- A-h-sc- D-Ø-a- ]u-c-∑m-cm-°n- cq-]m-¥-s∏-Sp-Ø-n- kz¿-K-cm-Py-Øn-s≥-d- A-h-Im-
in-I-fm-°p-hm-\pw- C-l-Øn-epw- ]-c-Øn-epw- A-h¿-°v- \-∑- {]-Zm-\w- sN-øp-hm-\pw- D-
]-bp-‡-am-b- G-I- hn-izm-k-{]-am-Ww- ss_-_nƒ- kp-hn-ti-jw- am-{X-am-sW-∂pw- {In-
kv-Xp-hn-\p- ap-ºp-≠m-bn-cp-∂- k-I-e-am-\- hn-izm-k-{]-am-W-ß-fpw- kp-hn-ti-jm-h-X-c-
Ww-aq-ew- Im-e-l-c-W-s∏-´pt]-m-bn-sb-∂pw- {]-hm-N-I- ]-c-º-c-bv-°v- C-tXm-sS- A-¥yw-
Ip-d-n-®-Xn-\m¬- ta-en¬- {I-n-kv-Xo-tb-Xc hn-izm-k-{]-am-W-ß-ƒ-°p-≈- km-[y-X- th-
c-‰p-t]m-sb-∂pw- te-m-Iw- ap-gp-h≥- ss{I-kv-X-h-h¬-°-cn-°p-hm≥- A-h-\-h-t≥-d-Xm-b-
]-¶p-h-ln-°-W-sa-∂p-sa-√-mw- {In-kv-Xym-\n-Iƒ- a-\- n-em-°p-∂p!- B-tKm-f-ss{I-kv-
X-h- h¬-°-c-Ww- ss{I-kv-X-h-k-`-I-fp-sS- am-\n-s^-kv-t‰m- B-bn-Øo¿-∂-Xn-s≥-d- A-
Sn-kv-Ym-\ Im-c-Ww- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- F-gp-Xn-t®¿-Ø- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-aw- A-Y-hm-
kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fn-se- Hm- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fm-sW-∂p-≈-Xv- \n-kv-X¿-°-a-s{X.-
tcm- h-]-\-ß-fpw- ssZ-h-
kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fn-se- Hm-tcm- h-]-\-ß-fpw- ssZ-h-t{]m-‡-am-sW-∂m-Wv- {In-kv-Xob-
t{]m- ‡ - a m- s W- ∂ m- W v - hn-izm-kw.- b-lp-Z-a-X-Øn-s≥-d- ta-e-[y-£-\m-Im-\p-w- cm-jv-{S- `-c-Ww- I-øm-fm-\pw- tb-
{In-kv-Xob- hn-izm-kw.- ip- {i-aw- \-S-Øp-∂p-sh-∂- a-X-]-c-hp-w-- cm-jv-{So-b-hp-am-b- Ip-‰m-tcm-]-W-ßƒ- Np-a-
b-lp-Za - X- Ø- n-s≥-d- ta-e- Øn- b-lq-Z¿- tb-ip-hn-s\- Ip-cn-in-te-‰n.- C-h≥-- b-lq-Z-∑m-cp--- sS- cm-Pm-hm-sW-∂v- ]-cn-
[y-£\ - m-Im-\p-w- cm-jv{- S- lm-kcq-]-Øn¬- A-t±-l-Ø-n-s≥-d- in-c- n-\v- ap-I-fn¬- F-gp-Xn-sh-®p.- (eq-t°m-kv-
23:-26˛43).- Ip-cn-in¬- In-S-∂p-a-cn-®- tb-ip- kw-kv-I-c-W-Øn-\p-ti-jw- aq-∂mw- Zn-h-kw-
`-c-Ww- I-øm-fm-\pw- tb- i-h-°-√-d-bn¬-\n-∂-v D-b¿-sØ-gp-t∂-‰-v _-lp-P-\-a-[y-Øn¬- {]-Xy-£-s∏-´p-sh-∂p-w-
ip- {i-aw- \-S-Øp-∂p-sh- 42 Zn-hk - w- A-t±-lw- A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ-s°m-∏w- k-lh - k
- n-®p- s
- h-∂p-w- X-Z\ - ¥
- c
- w- kz¿K-
∂- a-X] - c- h- p-w-- cm-jv{- So-b- cm-Py-Øn-te-°v- kw-h-ln-°-s∏-´p-s-h-∂pw- I¿-Øm-hn-s≥-d- h-e-Xp-h-i-Øv- D-]-hn-jv-T-
]-c-hp-am-b- Ip-‰m-tcm-]- \m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂p-w-- ss{I-kv-X-h¿- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-p.-
W-ßƒ- Np-a-Øn- b-lq- kz¿-Km-tcm-l-W-th-f-bn¬- bm-{Xm-\p-hm-Zw- tNm-Zn-°-sh- tb-ip- A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ-
°v- \¬In-b- k-tμ-iw- h-f-sc- {i-t≤-b-am-Wv.- {]-hm-N-I-]-c-º-c- ss-Z-h-]p-{X-\n-eq-s-S-
Z¿- tb-ip-hn-s\- Ip-cn-in-
]q¿-Øn-bm-°n- F-∂- kp-hn-ti-j-{]-ta-b-Øn-s≥-d- A-Sn-Ø-d-bn-f-°p-∂- B- ktμiw-
te-‰n.- C-h≥-- b-lq-Z-∑m- C-∂pw- hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS- a-\- n-e-- H-cp- k-tμ-l-am-bn- A-hti-jn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- tb-ip-
cp--- sS- cm-Pm-hm-sW-∂v- ]- A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ-°p- \¬-In-b- B-- k-tμ-iw- Im-Wp-I-:-
cn-lm-kcq-]Ø - n¬- A-t±- ""C-t∏m-tgm- Rm≥- F-s∂- A-b® - h
- s- ≥-d- A-Sp-°¬- t]m-Ip-∂p.- \o- F-hn-sS- t]mIp-
l-Ø-n-s≥-d- in-c- n-\v- ap- ∂p- F-∂v- \n--ß-ƒ- B-cpw- F-t∂m-Sv- tNm-Zn-°p-∂n-√.- F-¶n-epw- C-Xv- \n-ß-tfm-Sv- kwkm-
I- f n¬- F- g p- X n- s h- ® p.- cn-°p-I-sIm≠v-,- \n-ß-fp-sS- lr-Z-b-Øn¬- Z-p-x-Jw- \n-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.- F-∂m¬- Rm≥-
\n-ß-tfm-Sv- k-Xy-w- ]-d-bp-∂p-;- Rm≥ t]m-Ip-∂-Xv- \n-ßƒ-°p- {]-tbm-P-\w.- Rm≥-
(eq-t°m-kv- 23:-26˛43).-- t]m-Im-Xn-cp-∂m¬- Im-cy-ÿ≥- \n-ß-fp-sS- A-Sp-°¬- h-cn-I-bn-√.- Rm≥- t]m-bm¬-
A-h-s\- \nß-fp-sS- A-Sp-°¬- A-b-°pw.- A-h≥- h-∂p- ]m-]-sØ-°p-dn-®p-w-- \o-Xnsb-
°p-dn-®p-w- \y-m-b-hn-[n-sb-°p-dn-®pw tem-I-Øn-\p- t_m-[w- h-cp-Øpw.-....-C-\n-bpw- \nß-
tfm-Sp- - ]-db
- p-hm-≥- D-≠v.- F-∂m¬- \n-ßƒ-°- v- C-t∏mƒ- h-ln-°p-hm≥- I-gn-hn-- √ - .- k
- Xy-
Øn-s≥-d- B-flm-hv- h-cp-tºm-tgm- A-h≥- \n-ß-sf- k-I-e- k-Xy-Øn-epw- h-gn\S-Øpw;-
A-h≥- kz-b-am-bn- kw-km-cn-°m-sX- Xm≥- tIƒ-°p-∂-Xp- kw-k-m-cn-°p-I-bpw- h-cphm-
\p-≈-Xv- \n-ß-ƒ-°v- A-dn-bn-®p- X-cn-I-bp-w-- sN-øpw.- A-h≥- F\n°p≈Xn¬-\n-∂v- F-
Sp-Øv- \n-ßƒ-°v- A-dn-bn-®p-X-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v- F-s∂- a-l-Øz-s∏-Sp-Øpw.- ]n-Xm-hn\p-
≈-X- v- H-s°-bpw- F-\n-°p-≈-Xv-.- A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- A-h≥- F\n°p-≈-Xn¬-\n-∂v- FSp-
Ø-v- \n-ßƒ-°v- A-dn-bn-®pX-cp-w-- F-∂v- Rm≥- ]-d-™-Xv''- (tbm-l-∂m≥- 16:- 5˛15).-
ta¬- h-N\ - ß
- f- n¬-\n-∂v- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- Xn-tcm-[m-\t- h-fb - n-epw- a-Xw- A-]q¿-Whpw-
ssii-hZ- i - b
- n-em-sW-∂pw- a-\ - n-em-Ip-∂p.- A-Xn-s\- ]-cn-]q¿-WX - b- n-se-Øn-°p-hm≥-
H-cp- k-lm-bn-bp-sS- A-\n-hm-cy-X-bp-s≠-∂v- A¿-Y-i-¶-bv-°n-S-bn-√m-Ø-hn-[w- A-Xv-
hy-‡-am-°p-∂p.- {In-kv-Xp- A-b-®- B- k-lm-b-I≥- B-cm-Wv?- ]m-]w,- \o-Xn,- \ym-b-
hn-[n- F-∂o- hn-j-b-ß-ƒ- tem-I-sØ- t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥- b-lq-Z-P-\y-a-X-ß-fn¬-
]n¬Im-e-Øv- h-∂- k-Xym-flm-hv- B-cm-Wv?- ssZ-h-sØ- a-l-Øz-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- B- alm-
flm-hn-s≥-d- t]-sc-¥m-Wv?-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 29
]-cm- a
- ¿-in-X- k-lm-bI - s - \-bm-Wv- \-Ωƒ- Xn-cb - p-∂X - v.- A-Xv- {]-hm-NI - t- \m- ]p-{Xt\m-
hy-‡n-tbm- bm-sXm-∂p-a√ - .- tI-he- w- (kv]- n-cn-‰v) am-{X-am-sW-∂m-Wv- {Ivk - vX - o-b- `mjyw.-
kv-]-n-cn-‰v- F-∂- Cw-•o-jv- ]-Z-Øn-\v- {]m-W≥,- t{]-Xw,- B-flm-hv- ,- a-Zyw- F∂n-M-s\-
\m-\m¿-Yß - f - p- ≠
- t- √m.- C-hs - b-√mw- \-]pw-kI - - enw-Kß - f - p-am-bX
- p-sIm-≠v- klm-bI≥,-
Ah≥,- F-∂n-ß-s\-bp-≈- hn-h-c-W-ß-fn¬- A-Xv- A-cq-]n-bm-b- tI-h-em-flm-hm-Im≥-
\ym-b-an-√.- ss_-_nƒ- kp-hn-ti-j-aq-ew- Cw-•o-jn-ep-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- sk-an‰nIv- `m-jI-
fn-sem-∂m-bn-cp-∂,- - Ct∏mƒ- ar-X{- ]m-ba - m-b- "A-ca - m-b'-bm-bn-cp-∂p- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- amXr-
`m-j.
{]-hm-N-I- ]-c-º-c- ssZ-h-]p-{X-\n-eq-sS- A-\yw-\n-∂p-t]m-bn-sb-∂- B-ap-Jw- i-cn
b-m-hm≥- C-S-bn-√.- {]-hm-N-Im-h-X-c-Ww- `m-hn-bn¬ A-\n-hm-cy-am-sW-∂- h-kv-Xp-X-
bm-Wv- {]-kv-Xp-X- h-N-\w- {]-Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xv.- ]-e-Im-c-W-ß-fm¬- A-Xn-s≥-d- B-hiy-
I-X- A-Xv- G-s‰-Sp-Ø-p- ]-d-bp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-bp-sS-bp-w- C-kv-emw-
aX-Øn-s≥-d-bp-w B-K-a-\-sØ- tb-ip- {]-Jym-]n-®p-sh-∂v- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- hn-iz-kn-°p-
∂-Xv- ta¬-]-d-™- kp-‡-ß-fp-sS- {]m-_-ey-Øn-em-Wv-.- B- hn-izm-k-Øn-\v- bp-‡n-
{]-hm-N-I- ]-c-º-c- ssZ- k-lX - b - n-s√-∂v- A-hni-zm-kn-Iƒ-°p-Ip-Sn- ]-db - m-\m-hn-√.- N-cn-{X-]c - a
- m-b- h-kvX - p-XIƒ-
h-]p-{X-\n-eq-sS- A-\yw- X-s∂- A-Xn-\v- km-£yw- h-ln-°p-∂p-ap-≠-t√m.-
\n-∂p-t]m-bn-sb-∂- B- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- `m-jy-Øn¬- tb-ip- ssZ-h-]p-{X-\-√,- a-\p-jy-kv-{Xo-bn¬- ss-Z-hw-
ap-Jw- i-cnb-m-hm≥- C-S- ]p-t{Xm-Zv-]m-Z-\w- \-S-Øp-I-bn-√.- A-t±-lw- tI-h-ew- {]-hm-N-I≥- am-{X-am-Wv.- ""a-dvban-
bn-√.- {]-hm-N-Im-h-X-c- s≥-d- a-I≥- a-ko-lv- H-cp- ssZ-h-Zq-X≥- am-{X-am-Ip-∂p.- A-t±-l-Øn-\p-ap-ºv- ssZ-h-Zq-X-
∑m¿- I-gn-™q-t]m-bn-´p-≠v.- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- am-Xm-hv- k-Xy-h-Xn-bp-a-m-Ip-∂p. A-hcn-
Ww- `m-hn-bn¬ A-\n-hm-
cp-h-cpw- `-£-Ww- I-gn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p.- t\m-°q-;- \mw- A-h¿-°v- F-ß-s\-sb-√mw-
cy-am-sW-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ßƒ- hy-‡-am-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p-sh-∂v.- t\m-°q-;- F-∂n-´pw- A-h¿- F-ßs\-
bm-Wv- {]-kvX - p-X- h-N\ - w- bm-Wv- (k-Xy-Øn¬-\n-∂v-)- sX-‰n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-∂v''- (J-p¿-B≥- 5:-75).- \n-i-vNn-X-hp-w-
{]-Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xv.- ]-e- ]-cn-an-X-hp-am-b- Nn-e- Zu-Xy-ßƒ- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°p-hm-\m-Wv- A-t±-l-sØ- {]-hm-N-I-
Im- c - W - ß - f m¬- A- X n- \m-°n-b-Xv.- A-t±-lw- A-¥y-{]-hm-N-I-\pw- B-bn-cp-∂n-√.- tb-ip-hn-s\- b-lq-Z¿- Ip-cn-
in-te-‰-n-sb-∂- ]-cm-a¿-iw- A-_-≤-am-Wv.- A-h¿- Ip-cn-in-te-‰n-b-Xp-w-- kw-kv-I-cn-®Xpw-
s≥-d- B-hiy-I-X- A-Xv- cq-]k- m-Zr-iy-ap-≈- a-s‰-mc - m-sf-bm-Wv (Jp¿-B≥- 4:- 157)-.- Ip-cn-in-te-‰m-ØX - n-\m¬- Dbn¿-
G-s‰-Sp-Øp- - ]-db - p-Ib- pw- Ø-gp-t∂¬-]pw- sh-dpw P¬-]-\-am-Wv-.- tb-ip- {]-h-Nn-®-Xpw- {]-N-cn∏n--®-Xp-am-b- Im-cy-
sN-øp-∂p.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \- ßƒ- am-{X-a-√- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn¬- kv-Ym-\w- ]n-Sn-®-Xv.- A-Xv- am-\p-jn-I-am-b- ssI-I-S-
_n-bp-sS-bp-w- C-kv-emw- Ø-ep-Iƒ- aq-ew- A-¥- -Ø- \-jv-S-s∏-´- {K-Ÿ-am-Wv.-
aX-Øn-s≥-d-bp-w B-K-a- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- {]-h-N-\m-\p-kr-X-am-bn- a-X-sØ- A-\yq-\-hpw- ]-cn-]-Iz-hp-am-°n-
\-sØ- tb-ip- {]-Jym-]n- Øo-¿°p-hm≥-- ssZ-h-Øm¬- \n-bp-‡-\m-b- A-¥n-a-{]-hm-N-I-\m-Wv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n.-
A-t±-lw- ]m-]-sØ-°p-dn-®pw- \o-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®pw- \ym-b-hn-[n-sb-°p-dn-®pw- tem-I-sØ-
®p-sh-∂v- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- A-dn-bn-®p;- ssZ-hw- \¬-In-b- am¿-K-Z¿-i-I- {K-Ÿ-am-b- Jp¿-B≥-- ap-tJ-\.- A-t±-lw-
hn-iz-kn-°p-∂X - v- ta¬-]- k-Xy-Øn-s≥-d- ]q¿-W-X-bn-te-°v- a-\p-jy-a-°-sf- B-\-bn-°p-hm≥-th-≠n- {]-t_m-
d- ™ - kp- ‡ - ß - f p- s S- [n-∏n-®- a-Xa - m-Wv- C-kve - mw. A-t±-lw- kz-ta-[b - m- kw-km-cn-°m-sX- ssZ-hØ - n¬-\n∂pw-
{]m-_-ey-Øn-em-Wv-.- tI-´-X-\p-k-cn-®v- hn-izm-kn-Iƒ-°p- \¬In-b- ]m-t\m-]-lm-c-am-b- A-ar-Xm-Wv- Jp¿-
B-\n-se- Hm-tcm- B-b-Øp-I-fpw.-
]q-¿-h-th-Z-{K-Ÿ-ß-fp-sS-bpw- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS-bpw- km-£y-]-{X-tØm-sS-bm-Wv-
A-¥n-a{- ]-hm-NI - \
- pw- ]-cn-cp-≤- Jp¿-B\ - pw- A-hX - c - n-®s-X∂ - pw- k-Xy-hn-ih - m-kn-Iƒ°v-
A-h-sb- ]n≥-]-‰m≥- ssZ-h-\n-iv-Nn-X-am-b- _-[y-X-bp-s≠-∂pw- k-w-i-b-te-i-a-s\y-
ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- hn-iz-kn-°-p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- H-cp- b-lq-Z≥- C-kv-emw- a-Xw- kzo-I-cn®m¬-
A-bmƒ- b-Ym¿-Y- b-lq-Z\ - m-bn.- H-cp- {In-kX v- y-m\- n- C-ke v- mw- a-Xw- kzo-Ic - n-®m¬- Abmƒ-
b-Ym¿Y-- {In-kv-Xym-\n-bm-bn.- kr-jv-Sn-b¬-X-s∂- ssZ-hw- a-\p-jy-s\- ap-kv-en-am-°n-
P\n-∏n-®p.- A-h≥- ]-e-X-cw- {]-tem-`-\-ßƒ-°pw- h-g-ßn- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- h-gn-sX-‰n-.-
A-h-∂v- h-gn-Im-Wn-°m≥-- ssZ-h-Zq--X≥- h-∂p.- A-Xv- B-h¿-Ø-n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp∂p.-
H-Sp-hn¬- A-¥n-a-{]-hm-N-I≥- B-K-X-\m-bn-;- X-s≥-d- Zu-Xyw- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-®p- a-S-ßn.-
hn-izm-ky-X-bp-sS- Cu- bp-‡n-t_m-[-sØ- bp-‡n-k-l-am-b- h-kv-Xp-X-Iƒ- \n-c-
Øn- J-fin-°p-hm≥- ss{I-kv-X-h¿-°p- I-gn-bp-tam?- F-¶n¬- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn¬- {]-h-
Nn-®- "k-lm-b-I≥'- B-cm-Wv?- -
--
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 30
\n-co-£-Ww-
-[¿-a-hpw- [¿-a-Nyp-Xn-bpw
i-ao¿- {io-aq-e-\-K-cw-
[¿-a-hpw- A-[¿-a-hpw- Ir-Xy-a-h-bn- h-y-h- dn-bp-I- {k-jv-Sm-hn-\m-Wv.- B- k-tμ-i-ß- √-t√-m.- C-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈- {]-h¿-Ø-\-
tO-Zn-°p-hm≥- a-\p-jy-\v- km-[y-a-√.- fp-am-bn-´m-Wv- A-h≥- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc- \n- ßsf- [¿-a-Nyp-Xn-bm-bn- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-
Hcmƒ-°v- [¿-a-sa-∂p- tXm-∂p-∂-Xv- a-s‰m- tbm-Kn-®-Xv.- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cn-eq-sS- A-h≥- bm-Ø-h¿-°v- F-ß-s\- [¿-am-[¿-a-ßƒ-
cmƒ-°v- A-[¿-aa - m-bn-cn-°pw.- Im-cW- w- a\p- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®- am¿-K-Z¿-i-\w- k-zo-I-cn-°p- {]-tLm-jn-°p-hm≥- I-gn-bpw?-
jy-s≥-d- Nn-¥-bpw- _p-≤n-bpw- ho-£-W- hm-\m-Wv- B-Zn-a-a-\p-jy≥- ap-X-ep-≈-h¿- ""[¿-aw- ]p-\-kv-Ym-]n-°m-sX- tem-I
ß-fp-sam-s°- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-Wv.- c-£n-Xm- °v- A-h≥- \¬-In-b- \n¿-tZ-iw.- k-am-[m-\Ø - n-\pw- im-¥n-°pw- th-≠n- sN-
°-fp-sS-bpw- k-aq-l-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- Aw-Ko- ""......-Fs - ≥-d- ]-°¬-\n-∂p-≈- am¿-KZ- ¿- øp-∂- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ- ^-e-h-Øm-Im≥-
Im-c-tØm-sS- H-cp- kv-{Xo-sb- H-cp- ]p-cp- i-\w- \n-ßƒ-°v- h-s∂-Øp-tº-mƒ- F-s‚- {]-bm-k-am-Wv''- F-∂p- ]-d-bp-∂- "A-Ω-bv-
j≥- C-W-bm-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-Xn-s\- B -- - am¿-KZ- ¿-i\ - w- ]n≥-]‰ - p-∂h - m-cm-tcm- A- °v'- [¿-a-ta-Xv- A[¿a-ta-Xv- F-∂v- hn-i-
[¿-as- a-∂pw- hn-ip-≤s - a-∂pw- hn-eb- n-cp-Øp- h¿-°v- `-bs - ∏-tS-≠X - n-√.- A-h¿- Zpx-Jn-t°- Zo-I-cn-°m≥- I-S-a-bp-≠v.- F-∂m¬- H-cp-
∂p.- F-∂m¬- C-sXm-∂p-an√-m-sX- Xm-\n- ≠n-h-cn-I-bp-an-√''- (Jp¿-B≥- 2:- 38).- kr-jv-Sn-°pw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- A-h- hn-h-cn-°p-
jv-S-s∏-Sp-∂- H-cm-fp-am-bn- F-Xn¿-enw-K- hm≥- km-[y-a-√- F-∂-Xm-Wv- h-kv-Xp-X.-
B- am¿-KZ- ¿-i\ - Ø - n¬-\n-∂pw- D-Ztv _m-
Øn¬-s]-Sp-∂- H-cmƒ- c-an-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬- {k- j v - S m- h pw- k¿- h - ⁄ - \ p- a m- b - km-
[-\ß - f - n¬-\n-∂pw- A-I∂ - v- P-oh - n-®m¬- Po-
A-Xn-s\- A-[¿-as - a-∂p- A-hn-ip-≤s - a-∂pw- £m¬- ssZ-h-Øn-t\- A-Xn-∂p- I-gn-bq-.-
hn-Xw- Zp- -l-am-bn-cn-°-p-sa-∂p- Iq-Sn- {k-
hn-e-bn-c-p-Øp-∂p.- c≠n-epw- \-S-°p-∂Xv- A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
j-vSm-hv- a-\p-jy-\v- Xm-°o-Xv- \¬-Ip-∂p-:-
H-∂p-X-s∂-sb-¶n-epw- hn-hm-lsØ-- hn-ip-
""F-s≥-d- D-Zv-t_m-[-\-sØ- hn-´p-sIm- ""hn-iz-kn-®-h-cp-sS- c-£m-[n-Im-cn-bm-
≤-sa-∂p-w- hy-`n-N-m-csØ-- tæ-O-sa-∂pw-
≠v- h-√-h-\pw- Xn-cn-™p-I-f-bp-∂- ]-£w- Ip-∂p- A-√m-lp.- A-h≥- A-h-sc- C-cp-´p-
th¿-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥- F-¥m-Wv- \ym-bw?-
Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-h-∂v- C-Sp-ßn-b- H-cp- Po- I-fn¬-\n-∂v- {]-Im-i-Øn-te-°- -v sIm-≠p-
X-s≥-d- e-£yw- t\-Sp-∂-Xn-\v- X-\n-°v- h-cp-∂p.- F-∂m¬- k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-I-fp-sS-
hn-X-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-I.- D-bn¿-sØ-gp-
km-[n-°p-∂- G-Xv- am¿-K-hpw- D]-tbm-Kn- c-£m-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ- Zp¿-aq¿-Øn-I-fm-Ip-∂p.-
t∂¬-]n-s≥-d- \m-f-n¬- A-h-s\- \mw- A-
°m-sa-∂v- H-cmƒ- I-cp-Xp∂p.- A-Xn¬- a‰p- sh-fn-®-Øn¬-\n-∂v- C-cp-´p-I-fn-te-°m-Wv-
‘-\m-b \n-e-bn¬- F-gp-t∂¬-]n-®q-sIm-
≈-h¿-°v- F-¥p- kw-`-hn-°p-∂p- F-∂Xv- B- Zp¿-aq¿-Øn-Iƒ- A-h-sc- \-bn-°p-∂-
≠p-h-cp-∂-Xp-am-Wv''- (20:- 124).-
A-bmƒ- {]-iv-\-am-°m-dn-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p- Xv.- A-h-c-s{X- \-c-I-mh-Im-i-n-Iƒ-.- A-h-
X-s∂- ]m-h-ß-sf- ]n-gn-s™-Sp-°p-∂- ]- kp-\m-an-sb-°m-fpw- hn-\m-i-I-c-am-Wv-
c-Xn¬- \n-Xy-hm-kn-I-fm-Ip-∂p''- (2:- 257).-
en-i-∏-W-hpw- tem-´-dn-bp-sam-s°- A-bm- Xn-∑s - b-∂v- A-ar-Xm-\μ - a - b - n- ]-db - p-tºmƒ-
a-\p-jy-sc- C-cp-´p-I-fn¬-\n-∂v- {]Im-
fp-sS- ho-£-W-Øn¬- A-[¿-a-a-√.- kz-h¿- (am-Xr-`q-an- Zn-\-∏-{Xw,- 2005 sk-]v-‰q-_¿-
i-Øn-te-°p- \-bn-°p-hm≥- A-√m-lp- A-
K-c-Xn-bpw- _-lp-`¿-Xr-Xz-hpw- H-tc-enw-K- 28,- _p-[≥,- t]-Pv- 5)- F-¥m-Wv- [¿-aN - ypXn-
F- ∂ v - A- h ¿- hy- ‡ - a m- ° p- ∂ n- √ .- h-X-cn-∏n-®- th-Z-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬- A-h-km-\-
Øn¬-s]-´h - ¿- X-Ωn-ep-≈- hn-hm-lh - p-sam-
tØ-Xm-Wv- hn-ip-≤- Jp-¿-B≥.- A-Xn-s\-
∂pw- A-[¿a-ß-fp-sS- ]-ń-I-bn¬- s]-Sp- P-K-∂n-b-¥m-hm-b- ssZ-h-sØ- am-{Xw-
A-Sp-Ød- n-bm-\pw- ]-Tn- ° - ph-m\- pw- A-Xn-s≥d-
Øp-hm≥- A-b-mƒ- X-bm-d-√.- ssew-Kn-I- B-cm-[n-°W-sa-∂pw- A-h-t\m-Sp- am-{Xw-
\n¿-tZ-i-ß-ƒ- {]-m-h¿-Øn-I-am-°p-hm-\pw-
sØm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ- F-∂- t]-cn¬- A-dn-b- {]m¿-Yn-°-W-sa-∂p-am-Wv- F-√m- ssZ-h-Zq-
{i-an-®p-sIm-≠v- [¿-a-kw-kv-Ym-]-\-Øn-\v-
s∏-Sp-∂- th-iy-Iƒ- A-bm-fp-sS- ho-£-W- X-∑-h-cpw- ]-Tn-∏n-®-Xv.- k-!-jv-Sn-]q-P-sb- hn-
I-gn-bp-w-- hn-[w- A-[zm-\n-°p-I-bm-Wv- th-
Øn¬- Im-cy-am-b- "tk-h-\w'- A-\p-jv-Tn- a¿-in-°p-∂- `m-K-ßƒ- th-Z-ß-fn¬- t]m-
≠-Xv.-
°p-∂-h-cm-Wv.- C-sXm-∂pw- i-cn-b-√.- C- ep-ap-≠v-.- F-∂-m¬- X-s∂- h-μ-n-°p-I-bpw-
sXm-s°- Xn-∑-b-pw- A-[¿-a-hp-am-Wv- F-∂v- ]q-Pn-°p-bpw- sN-øp-∂-Xn-s\- Aw-Ko-I-cn- ""Xo¿-®b - m-bpw- Cu- Jp-¿B- ≥- G-‰h - pw-
B-sc-¶n-epw- A-bmƒ-°p- ]-d-™p-sIm-Sp- ®q-sIm-≠v- kz-bw- B-cm-[y-bm-bn- I-cp-Xp- sNm-Δm-b-Xn-te-°v- h-gn- Im-Wn-°p-I-bpw-
°m≥- {i-an-®mƒ- A-bm-fp-tS-Xm-b- \ym-bo- ∂-X-v [¿-a-N-yp-Xn-b-t√?- cm-jv-{S- t\-Xm- k¬-I¿-a-ßƒ {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- k-Xy-hn-
I-c-W-ßƒ- A-bm-ƒ-°v- \n-c-Øn-sh-°p- °ƒ- -t]m-epw- H-cp- kr-jv-Sn-bp-sS- ap-ºnƒ- izm-kn-Iƒ-°-v h-en-b- {]-Xn-ê - a
- p-≠-v F∂-
hm-\p-≠m-Ipw.- B-cm-[-\-b¿-∏n-°p-tºmƒ- -A-Xv- P-\-ß- k-t¥m-jh - m¿-Ø- A-dn-bn-°p-Ib - pw- sNøp-
∂p-;-- ]-ctem-IØ - n¬- hniz-kn-°m- Ø - h - c- m-
C-hn-sS-bm-Wv- Ir-Xy-am-b- [¿-ah - pw- A- sf- kzm-[o-\n-°p-sa-∂X - n-\m¬- A-Xn-s≥d-
Ku- c -h w- H- ∂ p-I q-S n- h¿- [n-°p-∂p.- kzm-an- tcm A-h¿-°v- \mw- th-Z-\-t-b-dn-b in-£-
[¿-ah - pw- hy-ht- O-Zn-°p-∂- ss-Zh - n-I{- K-Ÿ-
A- a r-X - kzcq-] m-
\ μ
- ]
- p-
c n- "A-Ω'-bp-sS- ]m- H-cp-°-n-sh--®n-´p-≠v- -F-∂pw- (A-Xv- k-t¥m-
Øn-s≥-d-bp-w- ssZ-h-Zq-X-s≥-d-bpw- {]-k-
Z- ]q- P - \-S -Ø n-b -X v - "A- Ω '- A-dn-bm-sX-b- j-hm¿-Ø- A-dn-bn-°p-∂p)-''-(17:- 9,-10).-
‡n.- \-∑-tb-sX-∂v- a-\p-jy-s\-°mƒ- A-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 31
? z Cu- Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-Xw- ]-cn-Wm-a-kn-≤m-¥-sØ-
km-[q-I-cn-°p-∂pt≠m?-
Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N-
tNm-Zyw-:- `-q-an-bn-se- ssP-h-tem-I-Øn-s‚- D- tWm- H-´-Iw- F-∂- "a-cp-kv-s]-jy¬'- P-¥p- D-≠m- cw- Ip-c-ßv- a-s‰m-cp- X-cw- Ip-c-ßm-tbm- a-\p-jy-
Xv-`-h-Øn-\pw- h-f¿-®-°pw- \n-Zm-\-am-b- hy-h-kv-Y- b-sX-∂v- Um¿-hn-\n-kv-‰p-Iƒ- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠- \m-tbm- am-dn-bX - n-\v- J-WvU - n-Xa- m-b- bm-sXm-cp- sX-
Natural selection ˛ Adaptive Ra Xm-Wv.- a-cp`q-an-bn-tem- a-‰v- `q-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-tem- Po- fn-hpw- e-`y-a-√.-
diation B-sW-∂v- Um¿-hn≥- kn-≤m-¥n-°p-∂p.- hn-®n-cp-∂- G-Xv- P-¥p-hm-Wv- H-´-I-am-bn- ]-cn-W- Po-hn-Iƒ-°v- B-h-iy-am-b- ap-gp-h≥- `-£-W-
H-cp- kv]- o-jo-kv- ]-cn-Wa- n-®v- a-s‰m-∂m-bn- kz-bw- k-r- an-®X
- v?- ]-cn-Wm-a- irw-Je - b
- n¬- H-Í
- Ø
- n-s‚- ap≥- hpw- \n¿-an-°p-∂-Xv- k-ky-ß-fm-Wv.- {]-`m-I-e-\w-
jv-Sn- \-S-Øp-I-bpw- ]q¿-W-X-bn-te-°v- K-an-°p-I- Km-an-bm-bn-cp-∂- P-¥p-hn-s‚- {]-Ir-Xw- a-cp-`q-hm- F-∂- {]-{In-bb - n-eq-sS- `-£W - w- \n¿-an-°p-∂- hn-
bpw- sN-øp-∂p- F-∂pw- ]-d-bp-∂- Cu- kn-≤m-¥w- k-Øn-\v- A-\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-cp-t∂m?- A-X-√,- a-‰v- Zy- F-¥p-sIm-≠v- bm-sXm-cp- Po-hn-°pw- kzm-b-
{k-jv-Sm-hn-s‚- A-\n-hm-cy-am-b- A-kv-Xn-Xz-sØ- \n- {]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬- Po-hn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- A-\p-tbm-Py- Ø-am-°m≥- I-gn-™n-√.- Po-hn-Iƒ-°v- B-h-iy-
cm-I-cn-°p-∂p- F-∂-Xn-\m¬- a-X-Zr-jv-Sym- X-≈-s∏- tam?- a-cp-`q-hm-k-Øn-\v- A-\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-cp-s∂- am-b- {]m-W-hm-bp- e-`n-°p-∂-Xv- k-ky-ß-fp-sS- D-
Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.- F-∂m¬,- a-\p-jy- Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚- ]- ¶n¬- B- P-¥p-h¿-Kw- a-cp-`q-an-bn¬- \n-e-\n¬- NvO- z- m-kØ - n-eq-sS-bm-Wv.- k-ky-ßƒ-°v- B-hi - y-
cn-an-X-am-b- B-cw-`-L-´-Øn¬- X-s∂- e-t£m-]-e- °m-Xn-cn-°m≥- Im-cW - s- a-¥m-Wv?- a-‰v- {]-tZ-iß - - am-b- Im¿-_¨-ssU- Hm-Iv-ssk-kv- e-`n-°p-∂-
£w- h-cp-∂- Cu- kv-]o-jo-kp-Iƒ- H∂n-®v- `q-an-bn- fn¬- Po-hn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- A-\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-cp-s∂- Xv- Po-hn-I-fp-sS- D-Nv-Ozm-k-Øn-eq-sS-bpw-.- k-ky-
te-°v- C-d-°-s∏-´p- F-∂-Xn-ep-]-cn- `q-an-bn-se- Po- ¶n¬- A-Xn-s‚- L-S-\-°v- tbm-Pn-°m-Ø- a-cp-`q- ß-fpw- Po-hn-I-fpw- X-Ωn-ep-≈- Cu- ]-c-kv-]-cm-
hn-X- hn-Im-k-Øn-\pw- h-f¿-®-°pw- A-\p-kr-X-am- an-bn-te-°v- B-h-iy-am-b- A-h-b-h-L-S-\-bp-≈- {in-XX - zw- cq-]w-sIm-≠X - v- {]-Ir-Xn- \n¿-[m- c- W
- Ø- n-
bn-s°m-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww- P-¥p-tem-I-Øn-s‚- B- Hcp- kv-]o-jo-km-bn- cq-]m-¥-c-s∏-Sm-t\m- kz-bw- eq-sS-bpw- kz-bw- kr-jv-Sn-°-en-eq-sS-bp-am-tWm?-
hn¿-`m-h-hpw.- ""Ip-Xn-c-sb-bpw- tIm-h¿-I-gp-X-sb- kr-jv-Sn-°m-t\-m- A-Xn-\v- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv- km-[n- km-am-\y- bp-Iv-Xn-t_m-[-ap-≈- B¿-°pw- A-ß-
bpw,- I-gp-X-sb-bpw- (A-h≥- kr-jv-Sn-®p).- \n-ßƒ- °p-I?- A-Y-hm- {]-Ir-Xn-]-c-am-bn- B- kv-]o-jo- s\- ]-d-bm-\m-hn-√.-
A-h-bp-sS- ta¬- k-hm-cn- sN-øp-hm-\pw- (\n-ßƒ- kn-\v- B- cq-]m-¥-cw- B-h-iy-am-tWm?- a-cp-`q-an-
k¿-hP - vR
- \ - pw- k¿-hi - I
- vX- \
- p-am-b- H-cp- kw-
°v)- A-e¶ - m-ca- m-bpw.....''- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs- ∂- Po- °v- ]p-d-Øp-≈- "t\-Nz¿'- H-cp- "a-cp-°-∏-en'-s‚-
hn-[m-b-I-s\- am-‰n-\n¿-Øn-s°m-≠v- ù-Xn-I- tem-
hn-XØ - n-se- B-hi - y-IX
- °- pw- Po-hn-Xh- n-Im-kØ- n- sk-eI - vj
- \- v- t{]-cI- a- m-Ip-sa-∂v- I-cp-Xp-∂X - v- Xn-
I-sØ- an-I-®- {]-Xn-`m-k-ßƒ-°pw- Xr-]v-Xn-I-c-
\pw- _-\v[ - n-Xa- m-bn- Cu- kv] - o-jo-kp-Iƒ- Im-eØ- n- I-®pw- bp-Iv-Xn-hn-cp-≤-am-Ip-∂p.-
am-b- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww- \¬-Im≥- I-gn-bn-√- F-∂-
s‚- hn-hn-[- L-´-ß-fn-em-bn-cn-°-Ww- {]-Xy-£-s∏- Po-hn-X- km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬- am-‰w- h-cp-∂-Xn- Xm-Wv- k-Xyw.- X-\n-°v- k-hm-cn- sN-øm≥- ]m-I-
´-Xv.- A-ß-s\-sb-¶n¬- Cu- kv-]o-jo-kp-I-fp-sS- \-\p-k-cn-®v- Po-hn-I-fp-sS- {]-Ir-X-Øn¬- Nn-√-d- Øn¬- a-\p-jy≥- tIm-h¿- I-gp-X-sb- kr-jv-Sn-°p-
L-´ß - f- n-em-bp-≈- D-Xv`- h - Ø- n-\pw- h-f¿-®° - pw- \n- am-‰-ßƒ- kw-`-hn-°p-sa-∂-Xn¬- kw-i-b-an-√.- I-tbm- tIm-h¿- I-gp-X- kz-bw- kr-jv-Sn-°p-I-tbm-
Zm-\-am-b- C-kv-em-an-I- Zr-jv-Sym-bp-≈- ""{]-Ir-Xn-hy-h- F∂m¬- N-cn-{X-Øn-\v- ]-cn-Nn-X-am-b- G-sX-¶n- A-√- D-≠m-b-Xv.- hn-hn-[- P-¥p-°-sf- ]-c-kv-]-cw-
kv-Y''- F-ß-s\- kn-≤m-¥n-°mw?- epw- Im-e-L-´-Øn¬- H-cp- kv-]o-jo-kv- a-s‰m-∂m- B-{i-bn-°p-I-bpw- D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw-
˛ap-l-Ω-Zv- ap-kv-^n¿,- A¬-sF≥- bn- cq-]m-¥c- s- ∏-´X - n-t\m- "kz-bw- kr-jvS- n-®'-Xn-t\m- sN-øp-∂- hn-[-Øn¬- P-K-∂n-b-¥m-hv- kw-hn-[m-
D-Ø-cw-:- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n¬- H-cp- sN-dn-b- A-\n-tj-[y-am-b- bm-sXm-cp- sX-fn-hpw- Um¿-hn-\n- \n-°p-Ib - m-Wp-≠m-bX - v.- ssZ-hs- Ø- am-‰n-\n¿-Øn-
tNm-Zy-ap-≠v-:- ""H-´-I-Øn-s‚- t\¿-°v- A-h¿- t\m- kv-‰p-Iƒ- lm-P-cm-°n-bn-ń-√.- a-\p-jy-s‚- ]q¿-hn- s°m-≠v- {]m-]-©n-I- {]-Xn-`m-k-ß-sf- hym-Jym-
°p-∂n-t√-;- A-Xv- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏- I-sc-∂- \n-e-bn¬- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- Ip- \n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n- X-ń-°q-ń-b- ap-S-¥≥- \ym-
´-sX-∂v?''- (88:-17).- \m-Nyp-d¬- sk-e-Iv-j≥- A-Y- c-ßv-h¿-K-ß-sfm-s°- ap-º-sØ-t]m-se- C-t∏m- b-ßƒ- F-∂X - n¬- I-hn-™v- i - m-kv{- Xo-ba- m-b- A-
hm- {]-Ir-Xn-\n¿-[-m-c-Ww- F-∂- X-Ø-z{]-Im-c-am- gpw- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p-≠v.- N-cn-{X-Im-e-Øv- H-cp-X- Sn-kv-Ym-\-sam-∂pw- ]-cn-Wm-a-hm-Z-Øn-\n-√.-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 32
im-kv-{Xw-
{]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m-\hpw
tImi-Øns‚ [¿a-hpw
A-Uz.- ap-Cu-\p-±o≥--
{]Xn-tcm-[k
- w-hn-[m-\s
- ØH
- mtcm `mK-ßf
- m°n ]Tn-°p-t¥mdpw kr„n-∏nse-
A¤p-Xhpw kr-„n-I¿Øm-hns‚ AP-ø-Xbpw hy‡-am-hp-I-bm-Wv sNøp-
∂-Xv.
AXy-¤p-XI - c
- hpw AXn-k¶
- o¿W-hp-amb {]h¿Ø-\ß
- ƒ \n¿h-ln-°p∂
\n¿a-m-W-im-eIfmWv tImi-ßƒ. F√m-hn[ {]Xn-_-‘-ß-fpw Xc-Ww -sN-
bvX ico-c-Ønse tcmKm-Wp-°sf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw C\nbpw {]Xo-
£-°p≈ hI Bbn-ń√ F∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. AXm-bXv \ΩpsS {]Xn-
tcm[kwhn-[m-\w C\nbpw XI¿°-s∏-Sp-Itbm ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm
sNbvXn-ń-s√-∂¿Y-w. adn®v bYm¿Y- bp≤w XpS-ßp-∂-tX-bp-≈q. {][m\
]´m-f-°m-scms° Cu L´-Øn¬ cwK-tØ°v hcm≥ XpSßp∂p.
i{Xp-°sf t\cn-Sp-hm≥ th≠n BZy-ambn hcp∂ ]´m-f-°m¿ ^mtKm-
ssk-‰p-I-fm-Wv. ‘tImiw Xo\n-Iƒ’ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ^mtKmssk‰p-Iƒ
henb shfpØ tImi-ßf - mWv. A-{I-aI- m-cn-If
- mb sNdp-Po-hn-Isf Ch Zln-
∏n-°p-Ibpw hngp-ßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Nne ^mtKm-ssk-‰p-Iƒ°v B‚n-Ps\
enwt^m-ssk-‰p-Iƒ°v FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-\p≈ Ign-hp-≠v. ^mtKm-ssk-‰p-
Iƒ Ahn-cmaw ico-c-Øn-em-I-am\w HmSn \S-°p-Ibpw ico-csØ IrXy-
amb \nb-{¥-WØ - n¬ sIm≠p-hc - n-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. cm]I¬ t`Z-at\y \nXm
¥ Pm{K-X-bn-emWv ^mtKm-ssk-‰p-I-sf-∂¿Y-w.
Hcp {]tXy-I-Xcw ip≤o-I-cW tImi-ß-fmb ^mtKm-ssk-‰p-Iƒ Bh-
iy-an-√msX AXn-{I-an®v IS∂ tcmKmWp-°sf ico-c-Øn-\-IØv \n∂pw
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 33
]pd-Øm-°p-I-bpw Bh-iy-amb kμ¿`-ß-fn-sems° {]Xn-tcm-[-kw-hn-[m-\- I-fn-em-Wnh ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Nen-°m≥
Øn\v ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-Iƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. km[y- a - s √- ¶ nepw Ccn- ° p∂ ÿeØv
\n∂v kq£v atcmKm-Wp-°f - p-ambn G‰p-apń
^mtKmsskt‰m-knkv
Xß-fm¬ Ign-bp∂ coXn-bn¬ ^mtKm-
{]Xn-tcm-[-kw-hn-[m-\-Ønse Nne tImi-ßƒ \ΩpsS ico-c-Øn-\-IØv ssk-t‰m-knkn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂p.
{]th-in-°p∂ kq£va-ß-fmb tcmKm-Wp-°sfbpw {Zmh-I-cq-]Ønep≈
]pdØv \n∂pw B{I-aWw \S-Øp∂
]Zm¿Y-ß-sfbpw a‰p ]e lm\n-I-c-amb LS-I-ß-sfbpw ]nSn®v Zln-∏n-°p-
tcmKm-Wp-°ƒ ^mtKm-ssk-‰p-Iƒ°v \in-
I-tbm \in-∏n-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂p. CXm-Wv ‘^mtKm-sskt‰mknkv’F∂v
∏n-°m≥ am{X-ta D≈q-sh-¶n¬ IqSp-X¬
Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
{]iv\-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√m-sX Xs∂ bp≤w
Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ A{I-aI - m-cn-Iƒ
FÆ-Ønepw i‡n-bneqw IqSp-X-em-sW-
¶n¬ ^mtKm-ssk-‰p-Iƒ°v \nb-{¥Ww
\jvSs- ∏-t´-°mw. F√m-‰n-s\bpw Zln-∏n°m
≥ km[n-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Ah kzbw hnI-
kn-°p-Ibpw hÆw Iq´p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
Cßs\ kzbw ho¿°p-∂-Xns‚ ê-ambn
s]m´p-Ibpw Hcp-Xcw {Zmh-I-cq-]-Øn-ep≈
LSIw Hgp-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu ]pXnb
{Zmh-I-Øns‚ cq]o-I-cWw a÷-bn¬ \n
^mtKm-ssk-t‰m-knkv F∂ {]h¿Ø\w ]pdØv \n∂pw IS-∂p-Iq-Snb
∂pw enw^vt\mUn¬ \n∂pw Xbm-a-kn¬
hkvXp-hmWv B‚n-P≥ F∂v B‚o-t_m-Un-Iƒ°v a\- n-em-°n-s°m-Sp-°p∂
\n∂pw enwt^m-ssk-‰p-Isf {]h¿Ø\
Hm]vtkm-ssW-tk-j≥ (Opsonization) F∂ {]{In-bbpw ImWmw.
k÷-am-°p-∂p. ]pXp-Xmbn FØnb {]Xn-
{]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ hfsc {][m-\-amb Hcp LS-I-ß-fn-sem- tcm[ tImi-ßƒ Np‰pap≈ tcmKm-Wp-
∂mWv ^mtKm-ssk-t‰m-knkv. tcmKm-Wp-°ƒ°pw ]I¿®-hym-[n-Iƒ°p- °sf-bpw ]g-b -sh-fpØ tImi-ß-sf-b-
sa-Xnsc CXv hfsc {ZpX-K-Xn-bn-ep-≈Xpw ê-{]-Z-hp-amb kwc-£Ww S°w F√m-‰ns\bpw \in-∏n-°p-∂p. Cß
\¬Ip∂p. s\ ]pXp-Xmbn DZv]- m-Zn-∏n-°s
- ∏´ tImi-ß-
ico-c-Ønse t]meokv tk\ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ^mtKm-ssk-‰pIƒ c≠v fmWv ^mtKm-ssk-‰pI-fpsS Xs∂ as‰mcp
Xc-am-Wv. cq]-amb amt{Im-t^-Pp-Iƒ (Macrophages)
a) tamtWm-ssk-‰p-Iƒ (k©cn°p∂ t]meokv hyqlw) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.
izmk-tIm-i-Øn-\-IØp≈ B¬hn-
tbm-fm¿ amt{Im-t^-Pkv (Alveolar Mac-
rophages), InUv\n-°-I-Øp≈ sakm≥Pn-
b¬ ^mtKm-ssk‰vkv (Mesangial Phago-
cytes), akvXn-jvIØ
- n-\I- Ø
- p≈ ssat{Im-
Kvfn-b¬ tImi-ßƒ (Miocroglial Cells),
Ic-fn-\I - p≈ Ip]v^¿ tImi-ßƒ (Kup
- Ø
ffer Cells) F∂n- h - b mWv {][m- \ - s ∏´
amt{Im-t^-P-p-Iƒ.1
bp≤w sImSp-ºn-cn-sIm-≈p-tºmƒ am
t{Im-t^-PpIƒ AS¿°-f-Øn-te°v cwK-{]-
thiw sNøp-∂p. Hcp {]tXyI coXn-bn-
emWv amt{Im-t^-Pp- I
- ƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂X - v.
Ch c‡-Øn¬IqSn \nc-¥cw Np‰n-k©
- c- n-°p-Ibpw Bhiyw hcp-tºmƒ B‚n-t_m-Un-I-sft∏mse Ch t\¿°p-t\-
Ie-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ ap≥`m-K-tØ°pw ]n≥`m-K-tØ°pw \oßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p- sc-bp≈ t]mcm-´-Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂n-√.
Ibpw sNøp-∂p. c‡-Øn-eqsS HgpIn \S-°p∂ Cu tImi-L-S-I-ßƒ Ah°v kz¥-amb Hcp coXn-im-kv{Xhpw
Xq∏p-Im¿ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. bp≤X{¥-hp-ap-≠v. Hcp {]tXyI e£ywsh
®p≈ B{I-aW ssien-b√ Ahbv°p-≈-
b) amt{Im-t^-Pp-Iƒ
Xv. {]XypX,- Hcp t_mw_v Fhn-sS-sb¶nepw
(ÿnc t]meokv tk\)
h¿jn-®m¬ AXn\v \nc-h[n a\p-jscbpw
Ne-\m-flI
- a
- √
- mØ amt{Im-t^-Pp- I
- f
- m-Wn-h. hyXykvX Ie-If
- psS hnShp- Poh-Pm-e-ß-sfbpw samØØn¬ \in-∏n-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 34
°m≥ km[n-°pw. Cu coXn-bn-ep≈ Hcp samØw \io-I-cW bp≤-X-{¥-am- Cßns\ {khn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]Zm¿Y-w ]ntdm-
Wn-h-°p-≈-Xv. AXm-bXv amt{Im-t^-Pp-Iƒ°v Htc Ah-k-c-Øn¬ \nch[n P≥ (Pyrogen) F∂mWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
i{Xp-°sf \in-∏n-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-sa-∂¿∞w. Hcp {]tXyI ap∂-dn-bn-∏mWv CXv \¬Ip-
Sn-˛tImi-ßfpw _n˛tIm-iß- f
- p-w {]Xn-tcm[ {]h¿Ø-\ß - f
- n¬ G¿s∏Sp- ∂-Xv. ]ntdm-P≥ D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏´ tijw
∂-Xn-\p-aptº amt{Im-t^-P-p-Iƒ {]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ a¿a-{]-[m-\- Ah ico-c-Øn-eqsS bm{X sNbvXv Ah-
amb ]¶v hln-°p-∂p. amt{Imt^Pp-Iƒ B‚n-P-\p-Isf Xnc™p I≠p- km\w akvXnjvIØnse ]\n h¿[-n-∏n-
]n-Sn-°p-Ibpw Sn˛-tIm-iß
- ƒ°v e`y-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. C°m-cW - Ø
- m¬ °p∂ tI{μsØ DtØ-Pn-∏n-°p-∂p. CXn
Sn˛-tIm-iß - ƒ enwt^m-ssI≥kv (Lymphokines) DZv] - m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p. Cßs\ s‚ ê-ambn icocw i‡-amb ]\n°v
DZv-]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏´ enwt^m-ssI≥kv (lymphokines) knt‰m-ssI≥kn hnt[-b-am-Ip-∂p. i‡-amb ]\n Imc-W-
(Cytokines) s‚ \n¿a-m-W-a-S-°-ap≈ ]e {]Xn-tcm[ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw Øm¬ Xs∂ tcmKn°v hn{i-an-t°-≠n-h-cp-
G¿s∏-Sm≥ amt{Im-t^-P-p-Isf k÷-am-°p-∂p. ∂p. {]-Xn-tcm[ ]´m-f-°m¿°m-h-iy-am-bn-h-
cp∂ Du¿P-w a‰p hgn-I-fn-eqsS \„-s∏-Sm-
Xn-cn-°m-\mWv Cßs\ icocw hn{i-an-°m
≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂X - v. amt{Im-t^-Pp- I
- ƒ D¬
]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ ]ntdm-P≥ akvXn-jvI-Ønse
]\n IqSp-∂-Xn-\p≈ kwhn-[m-\sØ ]q¿
W-ambpw kv\n-Kv[-am-°p∂ coXn-bn-emWv
cq]-I¬]\ sNø-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xv.
Cu {]{In-b-I-sfms° IrXy-ambpw
]q¿W- X - t bmsSb- p w \S- ° - W - s a- ¶ n¬
amt{Imt^PpIƒ, ]ntdm-P≥, akvXn-jvI-
Ønse ]\n h¿[-n-∏n-°p∂ tI{μw, akv
a‰p {]Xn-tcm[ tImi-ßs
- f-t∏mseXs∂ amt{Im-t^-Pp-Ifpw a÷-bn¬\n- XnjvIw Ch-sbms° Htc ka-bØv \ne-
∂mWv Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Ch-bpsS Bbp v hfsc Zo¿L-amWv. \n-¬t°≠-Xp≠v. GsX-¶nepw Hcp LS-I-
amk-ß-tfm-fhpw h¿j-ß-tfm-fhpw Pohn-°p∂ amt{Im-t^-P-p-I-fp-≠v. 10˛15 Øns‚ A`mhw kwhn-[m-\sØ apgp-h≥
amt{Im-ao-‰¿ BWv BsI Ch-bpsS hÆw. hÆw F{X sNdp-Xm-sW-¶nepw Xmdp-am-dm-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
a\p-jy-Po-hs\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ch Atßb‰w \n¿W-m-b-I-am-Wv. F∂m¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ kwhn-[m-\-am-
tImi-Øn-\-I-Øp≈ henb X∑m-{X-Isf BKn-cWw sNøm\pw Zln∏n Is´ Fßs\ \mw ]Tn®v t\m°nbmepw
°m\pw Ch°v km[n-°p∂p. hfsc IrXy-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-
Cßs\ samØw XqØp-hmcn \in-∏n-°m-\p≈ CXns‚ Ign-hp-Im-cWw Xm-bn-´mWv ImWp-∂-Xv. IWn-i-amb ]≤-
{]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m-\-Ønse Xq∏p-Im¿ F∂v Ch Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ip≤o- Xn-bmWv Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
I-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠p∂ apgp-h≥ LS-I-ßtfbpw Ch \o°w sNøp-∂p. CXns‚ {]Xn-tcm-[-kw-hn-[m-\-Øns‚ ]q¿W- hnP-
ê-ambn icocw tcmKm-Wp-°-fpsS òj-Wn-bn¬ \n∂pw kwc-£Ww b-Øn-\mbn Hmtcm LS-I-ß-fpw Ip‰-a‰
t\Sp∂p. coXn-bnepw Pm{K-X-tbmSpw IqSn-bmWv {]h
¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. CØcw kwhn-[m-\-ß-sfm
]\nbpw {]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m-\hpw
∂pwXs∂ L´wL´-ambn ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-
CdmJns\ B{I-an-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Ata-cn° amk-ß-tfmfw \S-Ønb eqsS D≠m-b-Xm-sW∂v ]d-bpI hø.
bp≤k∂mlsØ-°p-dn-®v- \mw hmbn-®p-I-gn-™-Xm-Wv. ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈
Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ Cu AXo-hk
- ¶
- o¿W-
k∂m-l-ß-fpw Hcp bp≤-Øns‚ apt∂m-Sn-bmbpw bp≤w \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-
ß-fmb ]≤-Xn-Ifpw Bkq-{X-W-ßfpw
°p-tºmgpw Bh-iy-ambn hcpw. Hcp cmPyw bp≤w {]Jym-]n-®p-I-gn-™m¬
Fßs\ D≠mbn? AXpw AXoh kq£va-
]ns∂ bp≤ k∂m-l-ßƒ Hcp-°p-I-bm-bn. {]Ir-Xn-hn-`-h-ß-f-[n-I-hpw _P-
ß-fmb tImi-ßƒ°-I-Øv!-
‰p-sams° ]´m-fm-hi
- y-ßƒ°mbn Cu kμ¿`-ßf - n¬ \o°n-sh-°p-∂p. cmPy-
Øns‚ kmº-ØnI hyh-ÿsb Cu Akm-[m-c-Whpw ASnb¥n-c-hp-amb ASn-b-¥c L´-ß-fn¬ ico-c-Øns‚
kml-N-cy-ßsf t\cn-Sm-\mbn \o°n-sh-°p-IbmWv sNøm-d-p-≈Xv. ]\n-bpsS tXmXv h¿[-n∏
- n-°W
- s
- a∂v icoc-
Øn\v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xmcv?
s]mXp-P-\sØ bp≤Øn-s\m-cp-°p-Ibpw ]pX-nb Bfp-Isf ]´m-f-Øn-
te°v tN¿°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Aßns\ cm{„w bp≤-k-∂m-l-Øn¬ apgph- ]\n IqSnbm¬ am{Xta {]Xn-tcm[ ]´m-
\mbpw apgp-Ip-∂p. f-°m¿°m-h-iy-amb Du¿P-w e`n-°p-I-bp-
≈q-sh∂v ico-c-Øn-\-dn-bn-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xm-
ico-c-Øn-\-IØv \ne-hn¬ bp≤w sNøp∂ amt{Imt^P-p-Iƒ°v ssI
cmWv?
Imcyw sNøm≥ Ign-bp-∂X
- n-s\-°mƒ IqSp-Xe
- mWv i{Xp-°f
- psS FÆ-sa¶n¬
Hcp {]tXyI Xcw ]Zm¿Y-w CØcw kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ {khn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. hnh-c-ßfpw hm¿Ø-Ifpw e`n-°msX,-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 35
As√-¶n¬ Imcy-ß-fpsS InS∏v Adn-bmsX Fßs\ {]h¿Øn-°m-\mhpw? \sØ a\p-jy\v \n¿a-n°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-
At∏mƒ BcmWv Cu hnhc-ßfpw hm¿Ø-Ifpw IrXyk-a-bØv FØn-®p- I? XnI®pw Akm[yam-WnXv.
sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv? apI-fn-ep-≤-cn® apgp-h≥ kwhn[m\ß
\n›n-X-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ sIm≠v Nne {]tXyI ê-ß-fp-≠m-Ip- fpw Htc ka-bØv kr„n-°s - ∏-´X - m-Ib - m¬
sa∂v \· t\{X-ßƒsIm≠v ImWm≥ km[n-°mØ Cu tImi-ßƒ°v Ah Hcp kr„n-I¿Øm-hns‚ Ic-hn-cp-Xm-
Fß-ns\ a\- n-embn? sW∂v am{Xta _p≤n-bp-≈h - ¿°v ]d-bm≥
Ahbv°v kz¥ambn _p≤n-i-‡n-bpt≠m? C—m-i-‡nbpw C—m-kzm-X- km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. BcpsS B⁄-Ifpw
{¥y-hp-apt≠m? \n¿tZ-ihpw A\p-k-cn-®mtWm Ah {]h¿
Øn-°p-∂Xv B kr„n-I¿Øm-hns‚ ]q¿
amt{Im-t^-Pp-I-fm-Wn-sXms° ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p∂ sX∂v ]d-bmtam?
W- hnt[-bX - z-Øn-emWo kwhn-[m-\ß - s - fm-
Hcn-°epw km[y-a√. amt{Im-t^-P-p-Iƒ \ΩpsS \·-t\-{X-ßƒsIm≠v s°. Npcp-°-Øn¬, a\p-jy≥ Adnt™m
ImWm≥ km[n-°mØ kq£va tImi-ßfm-Wv. Chbv°v kzbw Nn¥n-°p- Adn-bm-sXtbm ico-cØ - n-\I - Øv {]h¿Ø-
hm-\p≈ Ign-hn-√. hfsc kpÿm-]n-X-amb D∂X XeØn¬\n∂pw hcp∂ \-k-÷-am-bn-cn-°p∂ kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ-t]m-
B⁄-Iƒ A\p-kc - n®v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂ DØ-ch
- m-ZnØßƒ \n¿h-ln-°p∂ epw- Ah-bpsS kwhn-[m-bI - \v Iog-Sß - p-∂p-
sNdp-Po-hn-Iƒ am{X-am-Wh - . B⁄-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°pI F∂-XmWv Ch-bpsS sh-∂¿Y-w. ùXn-I˛- \- n-co-iz-c˛- b
- p-‡n-hm-ZnI-
{][m\ [¿a-w. AXn-s‚-b-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ I¿a-ßƒ sNøp-∂p. amt{Im-t^- fp-sSbpw B¥-cnI hyh-ÿ-Iƒ XssYh.
P-p-I-f√ Cu ]≤-Xn-I-sfms° Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂¿Y-w. B¥-cnI kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ B alm-i-‡n-
akvXn-jvI-amWv AXn-kq-£va-ß-fmb Cu A¤pX kwhn-[m-\-ßfp-≠m- bpsS B⁄bv°pw I¬]-\bv°pw hnt[-
°n-bXv F∂v ]d-bm≥ ]‰ptam? b-am-Wv.
km[y-a√ F∂v Xs∂-bmWv ]T-\-ßƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. akvXn-jvI- kr„n-I¿Ømhv ]d-bp-∂Xv t\m°q:
Øn\v Fs¥-¶nepw kz¥-ambn \n¿a-n-°p-hmt\m kr„n-°p-hmt\m D≈ Ign- ""BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep≈sX√mwXs∂ Ah-
hn-√. {]XypX B⁄-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-hm\pw \S-∏n-em-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ Ignhm- t‚-Xm-Ip-∂p. F√m-hcpw Ah∂v Iogvs]-
W-Xn-\p-≈Xv. AXm-bXv akvXn-jvI-a√ Cu ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°p≈ B⁄-Ifpw ń-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-Ip-∂p” (hn.-Jp. 2˛116).-
Adn-hp-Ifpw hn⁄m-\-ßfpw \¬Ip-∂-sX-∂¿Y-w. ""tl,- a-\p-jy-m,- D-Zm-c\
- m-b- \n-s≥-d- c£n-
a\p-jy≥ Xs∂-bm-Wnh kr„n-®Xv F∂v ]d-bm-tam? Xm-hn-s≥-d Im-cy-Øn¬- \n-s∂- h-©n-®p-I-
km[y-a√!- Cu kwhn-[m\w a\p-jys\ amc-I-amb tcmK-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw f-™-sX-¥m-Wv?- \n-s∂- kr-jv-Sn-°p-I-bpw-
ac-W-Øn¬\n∂pw c£-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Xs∂ ac-W-Øn¬\n∂pw amcI tcmK- \n-s∂- kw-hn-[m-\n-°p-Ib - pw- \-ns
- ∂- i-cn-bm-
ß-fn¬\n∂pw c£-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kwhn-[m\w AIØv ]q¿W-X-tbm-sSbpw b- A-h-kv-Y-bn-em-°p-I-bpw- Xm≥- D-t±-in-®-
IrXy-Xt- bm-sSbpw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-s≠
∂ Imcyw A[n-I-t]cpw Adn-bp-∂p-t]m-
ep-an-√. Adn-bp-∂h
- ¿ Xs∂ AXn-s\°p-
dn®v Btem-Nn-°p-hm-≥ kabw Is≠-
Øp-∂n-√. \ΩpsS Adnthm CS-s]-S-ep- apI-fn-ep-≤-cn® apgp-h≥ kwhn[m\ßfpw Htc kab
Itfm C√msX Ah [¿a--ßƒ IrXy-am Øv kr„n-°-s∏-´-Xm-I-bm¬ Ah Hcp kr„n-I¿Øm-
bn \n¿h-ln-®p-t]m-cp-∂p. \ΩpsS Adn hns‚ Ic-hn-cp-Xm-sW∂v am{Xta _p≤n-bp-≈h - ¿°v ]d-
thm Adn-hn-√m-bvatbm Ah-bpsS {]h¿
bm≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. BcpsS B⁄-Ifpw \n¿tZ-
Ø-\-Øn\v bmsXmcp hnLv\hpw hcp-
Øm≥ tlXp-hm-bn-Øo-cp-∂n√ F∂-Xm-
ihpw A\p-k-cn-®mtWm Ah {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv B
Wv bmYm¿Y-yw. kr„n- I ¿Øm- h ns‚ ]q¿W- hnt[- b - X z- Ø n- e mWo
i- c o- c - Ø n- \ - I Øv {]th- i n- ° p∂ kwhn-[m-\-ß-sfm-s°.
tcmKm-Wp-°t- fmSv bp≤w sNøp-∂X - n-\m-
h-iy-amb {]Xn-tcm[\nc \n¿a-n-°p-hm≥
a\p-jys\ G¬∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-Øm-ep≈
Ahÿ F¥m-bn-cn°pw? F¥mWv sNtø-≠-sX∂pw Fhn-sS-\n-∂mWv XpS cq-]-Øn¬- \n-s∂- kw-L-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-
tß≠-sX-∂p-a-dn-bmsX A¥w-hn´p \n¬°p-I-b-√msX c£-bn-√. B[p-\nI bv-X-h-\-s{X- A-h≥''-- (hn.-Jp. 82˛6˛8).-
imkv{X˛km-t¶-Xn-I-hnZy Atß-b‰w ]ptcm-KXn {]m]n® Cu Ime-L-´- F¥p-am{Xw A¿Y-hØ - mb tNmZy-amWv
Øn¬t]mepw {]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ apgp-h≥ {]{In-b-Isf kr„n-I¿Ømhv tNmZn-°p-∂Xv. Atß-b‰w
bpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßsfbpw ]q¿Wam-bpw- ]-Tns®Sp-°p-hm\pw a\ n-em-°p- IrXy-X-tbm-sSbpw IWn-i-X-tbm-sSbpw
hm\pw a\p-jy\v Ign-™n-ń-√. ]ns∂-sb-ßs - \-bmWv AØcw Hcp kwhn-[m- Ah≥ a\p-jys\ kr„n ®v kwhn-[m-\n®v
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 36
cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn Ah\v th≠p∂ kI-eXpw Hcp°ns°mSp-Øp. F∂n´pw B 1) Bh-iy-amb hnh-c-ß-fpw Adn-hp-
kr„n-I¿Øm-hn-t\mSv \μntISv sNøm≥ a\p-jy\v Fß-s\-bmWv a\ v Ifpw tiJ-cn°p-∂p.
hcnI; Atß-b‰w a\ v ISpØv t]mb-h∂pw Al¶mcn°pw Al-¥-°m- 2) tiJcn® Adn-hp-Iƒ Bh-iy-amb
c-\p-a-√m-sX. kXysØ kXy-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw ap≥[m-c-W-Iƒ am‰n- ka-bØv Bh-iy-amb tI{μ-ß-fn-se-Øn-
sh®v ]T\w \S-Øp-∂-h¿°pw Xs‚ kr„n-I¿Øm-hns\ ad-°p-hmt\m °p-∂p.
\ntj-[n-°p-hmt\m km[y-a-√.
ChnsS Fs¥ms° hnh- c - ß - f mWv
kXy-Øn¬ Btem-Nn-®p-t\m-°q. C{X-am{Xw kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ G¿s∏-Sp- Bhiyw F∂v amt{Im-t^-Pp-Iƒ°v Fß
Ønb kwhn-[m-bI - s\ Fß-s\-bmWv AwKo-Ic - n-°m-Xn-cn°pI? F¥v \ymb s\ a\- n-embn? BcmWv Ahbv°v hnhc-
amWv Ah-\n¬ Ahn-iz-kn-°m-\p-≈Xv? Ah-t\mSv \μn sNøm-Xncn°m\p≈ ßƒ tiJcn-°-W-sa∂ Adnhpw \n¿tZi
Xv? Ah-t\mSv \μn sNøm-Xn-cn-°m≥ am{Xw \ΩpsS a\ v ISp-Øp-t]m-Im≥ hpw sImSp-ØXv? kzcq-]n® hnh-c-ßƒ
]‰ptam? C√ F∂-XmWv _p≤nbpw hnth-Ihpw D≈-h¿ ]d-bp∂Xv.- AXp- ssIam-dW - s
- a∂v ]d™v sImSp-°p-∂X - mcv?
X-s∂-bmWv bmYm¿Y-yh-pw. GsXms° tI{μ-ß-fn-te°v Fs¥ms°
kr„n-I¿Øm-hns‚ hm°p-Iƒ Xs∂ {i≤n-°p-I: “\nßƒs°-¥p-]‰n? kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ hnh-c-ßƒ FØn-°-Wsa
A√m-lp-hn\v Hcp Kmwò-cyhpw \nßƒ {]Xo-£n-°p-∂n√!- \nßsf Ah≥ ∂ Adnhv amt{Im-t^-Pp-Iƒs°-ßs\ e`n
]e L´-ß-fn-embn kr„n-®n-cn-°-bm-Wt√m” (hn.-Jp.71˛13, 14).- ®p? A∏-t∏mƒ Bsc-¶nepw \n¿tZ-iw \¬
amt{Im-t^-Ppw hnh-c-km-t¶-XnI hnZybpw Ip-∂X- mtWm? F¶n¬ GXmWv B \n¿t±iw
\¬Ip∂ i‡n? amt{Im-t^-Pp- I - sf kw_-
CXv sF.-Sn (C≥^¿ta-j≥ sSIvt\m-fPn) bpK-am-Wv. GXv hnh-c-ßfpw
‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ah \¬Ip∂ hnh-c-ßƒ
sRmSn-bn-S-bn¬ Fhn-sSbpw C∂v FØn-°mw. ssk_¿ temIhpw C‚¿s\-
enwt^m-ssk-‰p-Iƒ IrXy-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-
‰p-sams° CXn\v B°w Iq´p-∂p.
°p-sa-∂p-≈-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ hnh-c-ßƒ
B[p-\n-Ia\pjy≥ Is≠-Øn-bXpw A\p-`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb ssIam-dp∂ Ah-kc - Ø
- n¬ {]Xn-tcm[ kwhn-
AXy-¥m-[p-\nI sSIvt\m-f-Pn-sb- sh√p-∂-XmWv -i-co-c-Øn-\-IsØ hnh-c- [m-\-sØ-°p-dn®v IrXy-amb t_m[w Ah-
km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zym-kw-hn-[m-\-ßƒ. IrXy-k-a-bØv IrXy-amb ÿe-tØ°v bv°p-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. As√-¶n¬ sX‰mb
Bh-iy-ap≈ hnh-c-ßƒ ssIam‰w sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. Fhn-sS-sh®pw ]cn-io-e- Adn-hp-Iƒ ssIam-‰w sNø-s∏-Sp∂ Imc-
\-ßtfm ]T-\-ßtfm e`n-®n-ń-√mØ Cu kwhn-[m-\-ß-fpsS {]h¿Ø\ W-Øm¬ {]Xn-tcm[kwhn-[m\w BsI
sshZKv[yw F{X-am-{X-ap-s≠∂v ]cn-tim-[n-®p-t\m-°mw. Xmdp-am-dmbn t]mhp-I-bm-bn-cn°pw êw.
amt{Im-t^-P-p-IfpsS as‰mcp {][m\ [¿a-w enwt^m-ssk-‰ns\ Bh- amt{Im-t^-P-kp-Iƒ _p≤n-ti-jntbm
iym-\p-k-cWw FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°pI F∂-Xm-Wv. _n˛-tIm-i-ßƒ, Sn˛-tImi- C—m-i‡
- ntbm t_m[tam C√mØ shdpw
ßƒ F∂n-h-bm-Wn-hnsS Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw CXv sNøp∂-Xv. {]Xn-tcm[ kq£vat- Imiw am{X-am-Wv. ]ns∂-Fß
- s
- \-
kwhn-[m\-Ønse bYm¿Y- \mb-I-∑m
cm-Wn-h¿. i{Xp-°-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Imcy
amb hnhc-ß-fpƒs∏-sSbmWv amt{Im
t^-P-p-Iƒ Ch°v e`y-am-°n-s°m-Sp-°p- Fs¥ms° hnh-c-ß-fmWv Bhiyw F∂v amt{Im-t^-
∂-Xv. hnh-c-ßƒ AXmXv ka-b-Øp-X
s∂ IrXy-X-tbmsS e`n-°pI F∂Xv
Pp-Iƒ°v Fß s\ a\- n-embn? BcmWv Ahbv°v
bp≤-hn-Pb-Øns‚ {][m\ LS-I-amW hnhc-ßƒ tiJcn-°-W-sa∂ Adnhpw \n¿tZihpw
t√m? Cu sNdp-tIm-iß - ƒ CXn¬ XnI sImSp-ØXv? kzcq-]n® hnh-c-ßƒ ssIam-d-W-sa∂v
™ ]q¿W-X-bmWv {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ]d™v sImSp-°p-∂X - mcv? GsXms° tI{μ-ßf - n-te°v
IrXy-ka - b
- Øv hnh-cß
- ƒ FØn-°s - ∏- Fs¥ms° kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ hnh-c-ßƒ FØn-°-W
Sp-Ibpw ssIam-‰-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p- sa∂ Adnhv amt{Im-t^-Pp-Iƒs°-ßs\ e`n®p?
sh∂-Xn\v ]pdsa Cu hnh-cß - s
- fms°
XnI®pw Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-Wp-Xm-\pw.
e`y-amb hnh-cß- f- psS ASn-ÿm-\-
Øn¬ i{Xp-°sf Is≠-Øp-Ibpw Ah-bp-ambn ^mtKm-ssk-‰nßv F∂ {]{In- bm-Wn-hbv-°v C{X-am{Xw IrXy-X-tbmsS
b-bn¬ G¿s∏´-Xn-\p-tijw tcmKm-Wp-km∂n-≤y-ap≈ tImi-ßƒ enw^m- Imcy-ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøm≥ km[n-°p
‰nIv Nm\-en-eqsS enw^vt\mUp-If - n-te°v \oßp-∂p. Cßs\ i{Xp-tIm-i- ∂Xv- F-∂Xv a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n-®n-StØm
ßsf enw^vt\mUp-If - n-te-s°-Øn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv hfsc {][m-\s - ∏´ Hcp fw Nn¥bv°v hnt[-ba- m-t°-≠p-∂Xpw ]mT-
I¿a-am-Wv. ImcWw ChnsS bYm¿Y-Øn¬ tImi-Øn\v t_m[-afi - e
- hpw apƒs°m-t≈-≠-Xp-amb hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.
Nn¥m-ti-jnbpw Ds≠-¶n¬ am{Xta Cu {]{In-bI - ƒ \n¿h-ln-°m≥ km[n-
°p-Ib- p-≈q. ChnsS Fs¥ms° {]{In-bI - f
- mWv \S-°p-∂Xv F∂v t\m°mw.
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 37
hn-a¿-i-\w--
Hcp ùXn-I-hm-Zn-bpsS tNmZy-ßƒ

ssk-bv-Zp-ap-l-Ω-Zv- B-\-°-bw-
apX-em-fn-Øh
- pw `q{]`p-Xz-hpw cmPm-[n]- °p-∂-Xn¬ Ckveman¬ sX‰n-√. F∂m \ne-\nev]n∂pw Bh-iy-am-Wv.
Xy-hpw ASn-ah - ym-]m-chpw sh∏mSn k{º- ¬ B ]-Ww-sIm≠v ]en-i°v ISw-sIm- ]mh- s ∏´ s]Ïp- ´ n- s b- t ]mepw
Zm-bhpw \ntcm-[n-°m-Øa - X
- a
- mWv Ckvem- Sp-°p-∂-XmWv sX‰v. ]Ww apS°n c-≠- sIń-®p-hn-S-W-sa-¶n¬ Npcp-ßn-bXv Hcp
sa∂pw NqjW hnap-‡-amb Hcp kmaq c- i-Xa
- m-\w ]eni hmßp-∂X
- n-s\-°mƒ e£-sa-¶nepw kv{Xo[-\-ambn sImSp-°-
lyhyh-ÿn-Xn-b√ Ckvemw apt∂m´p- em`w B ]Ww- s Im≠v _nkn- \ v Ww. B`-cW - ß - ƒ thsdbpw.- h¿j-Øn
sh-°p-∂-sX∂pw AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ ¬ c-≠-c- i-X-am-\w kI-mØv hmßn F
CkvemanI Z¿i-\-Ønse \yq\-X-Iƒ {X s]Ïp-ń-Isf sIń-®p-hn-Sm-\mIpw?-
Nq≠nIm-Wn-°m≥ a\pjy\v Ign-bpsa kº-∂¿ Zcn-{Z-hm-kn-Isf klm- s]Æns‚ Xd-hmSpw Ãm‰kpw t\m°n
∂pw Ah-Im-i-s∏-´p-sIm≠v IqSn-Im-gvN- bn-°p-∂Xv ]pWy-ap≈ Imcy-am- am{Xsa hnhmlw Ign-°mhq F∂mWv
bn¬ (H-Itv Sm-_¿,- e°w 4) h∂ tNmZyØn sW∂v kmtcm- ] - t Ziw am{Xw ]pcp-j∑- msc Jp¿B≥ D]-tZ-in-°p-∂Xv.
\v hy‡-ambn a-dp-]S- n- ]d-bp-hm≥ teJI Ignhpw Xd-hm-Sp-ap≈ IpSpw_w t\m°n-
sNbvXp-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-√. kº-
\v Ign-™n-ń-√. teJ-Is‚ {i≤-°mbn bmWv Nne¿ kv{Xo[\clnX hnhmlw
ùXn-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ D∂-bn-°p∂ tNmZy-
∂¿ h¿j-Øn¬ sImSp-°p∂
\S-Øm-dp-≈-Xv. Ah¿ kv{Xo[\w hm
ßƒ hni-Z-ambn Xmsg-sIm-Sp-°mw. c≠-c- i-X-am-\w- kI-mØv sIm
ßn-s√-¶nepw Ah-cpsS IpSpw_kzØv
s≠m∂pw Zcn-{Z¿°v kz¥w Imen ths≠∂v ]d-bm-dn-√. CsX-ßns\ amXr
kzØ-h-Imiw Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-
°pI am{X-a√ sNbvX-Xv. kºm-Zn-°p-∂- ¬ \nev°m\m-hp-I-bn-√;- Zmcn{Zyw Im hnhm-l-am-Ipw?- Ign-hp-≈-h¿ Zcn{Z
Xn¬ enan‰v Iev]n°mØ hIp-∏mWv XpS-®p-\o-°m-\p-am-In-√. AsXm IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv CW-Isf
Ckvemw sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v cp Zpcn-Xm-izmk {]h¿Ø-\-am-bn sXc-s™-Sp-t°-≠-Xv.
Xs∂ kº-∂¿ IqSp-X¬ kº-∂-cm-h-p- t´ ImWm≥ ]‰p-I-bp-≈q. Hcp kºØv \nßƒ°nS-bnse ]W-°m
Ibpw Zcn-{Z¿ IqSp-X¬ Zcn-{Z-cm-h-p-I-bp- \yq\-]£w ssIIm-cy-I¿Øm-°- ¿°n-S-bn¬ am{Xw InS∂v Id-ßm-Xn-cn-
amWv sNøp-I. kº-∂¿ Zcn-{Z-hm-kn-I fm-Ip-tºmƒ _lp-`q-cn-]-£hpw °m≥th≠n (bp≤ apX¬ k¿°m¿
sf klm-bn-°p-∂Xv ]pWy-ap≈ Imcy- Zcn-{Z-hm-kn-I-fmbn Pohn-t°-≠n- Gs‰-Sp-°-W-sa∂ \nb-aw) F∂ Jp¿
am-sW∂v kmtcm-]t- Ziw am{Xw sNbvXp- hcpw. B≥ (59/7)-- kq‡w Nq≠n-°-mń Ckv
Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-√. kº-∂¿ h¿j-Øn¬ emw tkmjy- e n- k - s Ø- ° mƒ anI®
sImSp-°p∂ c-≠-c- i-X-am-\w- kI-mØv {]Xybimkv{X-am-sW∂ hmZw \nc¿Y-
sIms≠m∂pw Zcn-{Z¿°v kz¥w Imen¬ sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]eni XpIsb°mƒ I-am-Wv. tkmjy-enkw \S-∏n-em-°m-\p
\nev°m\m-hp-I-bn-√;- Zmcn{Zyw XpS-®p-\o- ]Øn-c-ń-em`w In´p∂ _nkn-\- p-I-fp- ≈ DØ-c-hm-bn-cp-∂n√ CXv. \mSpw \K-
°m-\p-am-In-√. AsXmcp Zpcn-Xm-izmk ap-≠v. Cu ]eni \ntcm-[-\w-sIm≠v c-ßfpw shń-∏-n-Sn®p XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ
{]h¿Ø-\-am-bnt´ ImWm≥ ]‰p-I-bp- ]eni hmßp-∂Xv icn-b-s√∂v IcpXn i{Xp-°-fpsS `qanbpw kzØp-°fpw ]S-
≈q. Hcp \yq\-]£w ssIIm-cy-I¿Øm- ]W-ap-≈-h¿ IpSp-ßn-b-hs\ klm-bn- bm-fn-Iƒ hoXn-s®-Sp-°p∂ \nb-a-am-bn-
°-fm-Ip-tºmƒ _lp-`q-cn-]-£hpw Zcn- °m≥ Xbm-dm-ImØ Ah-ÿb - m-Wp-≠m- cp∂p BZy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂X - v. ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ
{Z-hm-kn-I-fmbn Pohn-t°-≠n-h-cpw. ]en hp-I. Ckvemw amXr-I-bmbn Nq≠n-Im- apX-em-fn-am-cm-bt- ∏mƒ Ahsc bp≤-Øn
i \ntcm-[n-®-Xp-sIm-t≠m, kI-mØv Wn°p∂ ]eniclnX t_¶v t]mepw \v In´m-Xm-bn. CXns\ adn-IS- ° - m≥ sIm
sImt≠m CXn-s\mcp ]cn-lmcw ImWm- ]en-i°v ]Icw em`-hn-ln-X-sa∂ t]cn ≠p-h∂ \nb-a-ambncp∂p 59/7¬ hnh-cn-
\m-h-n-√. _nkn-\ v sNbvXv Imip-≠m- ´v \s√m-cp-XpI ]‰p-∂p. AXv t_¶ns‚ °p-∂-Xv.
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 38
a\p-jy≥ Fßs\ \√ a\p-jy\mbn Ip‰w sNbvXh - sc shdp-sX-hn-Sp-∂p. a\p- Jp¿B\n-enXv ]d-tb≠ Imcy-an-√m-bncp-
Pohn-°-W-sa∂v Ckvemw DZvt_m-[n-∏n- jy\v sX‰v ]‰p-tºmƒ ssZh-Øn\v sX‰v ∂p-h-s√m. At∏mƒ Cu X{¥w Xs∂
°p-∂p. ]t£,- B Z¿i\w tkmjy-en ]‰m≥ ]mSn-√-s√m. ssZh-hn-izm-k-ap-≈- ]n≥XpS-cW - s - a-∂t√ A√mlp ]d-bp-∂Xv?-
kw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. kºm-Zn-°p-hm- htc \∑ sNøp-Ib - p-≈q-F∂ - - hmZw icn- a\p-jy-cq-]a - p-≠m°n A√mlp AXn
\p≈ a\p-jys‚ B¿Øn \ne-\n-ev°p- b-√. aX-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ ]n≥_-e-an-√m- \v Poh≥ DuXn-s°-m-SpØ IY-bmWv
∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv A√mlp kzØ-h-Im sX-Xs∂ \√ IpSpw_ PohnXw \bn°p a\pjy krjvSn-∏ns‚ Jp¿B≥ IY.
iw A\p-h-Zn-®-sX-∂mWv hmZw. F¶n¬ ∂h¿ F{Xtbm D≠v. C°Y hnizm-kn-®m¬Xs∂ Ime-lc - W
- -
s]mXpP\-ßs - f√mw B¿Øn ]nSn-®m¬ \_nsb A√mlp {]hm-N-I-\m-°n- s∏-´ XØ-zimkv{X-ambn amdn-bn-cn-°-p-I-
F¥v tXm∂m-kyhpw A√mlp AwKoI bXv A√mlp \_n-bpsS s]¿an-j≥ hm bm-Wn∂v CkvemanI Z¿i-\w. ImesØ
-cn®p sImSp-°ptam? A√mlp Hcp-h∂v ßn-bn-´-√. A√mlp hnNm-cn-®m¬ F√m- AXn-Po-hn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp \yq\-X-
Zm\w sNøp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Ws{X Hcp- h-scbpw “lnZm-bØv ” sImSpØv \∂m- Ifpw Nq≠n-°-m-Wn-°m-\-n-√mØ Z¿i-\-
h≥ ]W-°m-c\ - m-Ip-∂X - .v A√mlp hnNm °m-am-bn-cp-∂p. C_veokn-s\-bpw, ]nim- am-tI-≠nbn-cp∂p CkvemanI Z¿i-\w.
-cn-®m¬ Ahs\ Zcn-{Z-\m-°m≥ Ign-bp- Nn-s\bpw Ipń-®m- Ø
- s - \bpw a‰pw krjv Jp¿B\n∂v Adn-bmØ Ipsd ZrjvSm-
sa∂ hnizmkw ]W-°m-c-\p-≠m-bmte Sn®v a\p-jys\ hgn-]n-g-∏n-t°≠ Hcp ¥ßƒ imkv{X-Øn\v A√m-lp-hns\
Ah≥ hn\-ba - p-≈h - \
- m-bn-cn-°p-Ib - p-≈q- Imcy-hp-an-√. ae-°p-Isf A√m-lp-hn\v ]Tn-∏n-°m-\p-≠v. `qan Hcp tKmf-am-sW∂
shs{X! _n¿fsb t]mse-bp≈ tImSo- tkh\w sNøm≥ th≠n-bmWv krjvSn- \n m-c-Imcyw t]mepw A√m-lp-hn\v
iz-c-∑msc GXv A√mlp hnNm-cn-®m¬ ®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah-cXv A\p-k-cn-°p-I Adn-bn-√. ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-eqsS a\p-jy-\n-
t]mepw Zcn-{Z-hm-kn-bm-°m≥ ]‰p-Ib - n-√. bpw sNøp-∂p. AXp-t]mseXs∂ a\p- se-Ønb IY-bmWv \mw ùXnI imkv
apX-em-fnbpw sXmgn-em-fn-bp-an-√msX jy- s \bpw krjv S n- ® n- c p- ∂ p- s h- ¶ n¬ {X-Øn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂X - v. F∂m¬ imkv{X
temIw \ne-\n¬°p-I-bn-s√∂ Bi-b- A√m-lp-hn\v kz¥w krjvSn-Isf \c- hnZym¿Y-nI - ƒt]mepw aX hnizm-kn-If - m
hmZw Ft∂m Ime-lc - W
- s - ∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. I-Øn-en´v hdp-°p-∂Xv I≠v ckn-t°- bnØ-ocp-∂Xv Ahsc "XØtΩ,- ]q®
kaXzkpμ-ca - mb \s√mcp \mtf-°p- ≠n-h-cn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. am{X-a√ aXw A√m- ]q®'- F∂ aX XØ-zß - ƒ Ah-cn¬ ASn-
th≠n kz¥w Poh≥ sImSp-°m≥ k∂- lp-hn-t‚Xv am{X-am-Ip-∂-Xp-hsc A√m- t®¬∏n°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. ChnsS
≤-am-h-W-sa∂ XØ-zw {]mtbm-Kn-I-am- lp-hns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ i{Xp-°-tfmSv \njv]£ - a - mb Hcp aX ]T\w \S°p∂n
°m≥ Xb-m-dm-Ip∂ ùXn-I-hm-Zn-I-tfmSv bp≤w sNtø-≠n-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. kXy -√. G‰hpw \√ aXw sXc-s™-Sp-°phm-
\p≈ kzmX-{¥yhpw \ap-°n-√. Pothm-
“F¥n\v ”F∂v tNmZn-®m¬ adp-]Sn \ntj-[n-Isf ]Xn-bn-cp∂v B{I-an-t°
ev]-Ønsb°pdn-®p≈ Jp¿-B≥ ho£-
D≠m-Ip-Ib - n-s√-∂mWv hmZw. ASna hym ≠n hcp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. i{Xp-°-fpsS Igp
W- ß - s fms° imkv { X- h n- c p- ≤ - a m- W v .
]mcw \ntcm-[n-°mØ Ckveman\v am\- Øv t\m°n sht´-≠n-h-cn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.
D∏pw- sh-≈hpw Hcp \n›nX tXmXn¬
hn-I-X-sb-°p-dn®v ]d-bm≥ A¿l-X-bn- Cu Jp¿B≥ kq‡sØ \ymbo-I-cn-
IqSn-tN-cp-tºmƒ sslt{Um-t¢m-dn°v
s√∂v ]d-™m¬ hnizm-kn-Iƒ ASßn °p- ∂ - h ¿ ]d- b m- d p- ≈ Xv AsXms°
Bkn-Up-≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse Aao_
\nev°ptam? A[zm-\n-®p-≠m-°p∂ [m\y A∂sØ bp≤X{¥-ßf - n¬ s]Sp∂-Xm-
apX¬ a\p-jy-\n-te-s°-Øm≥ {]Ir-
a
- W
- n-Ifpw Is´-Sp-°p∂ [m\y-aW - n-Ifpw sW-∂m-Wv. Cu X{¥-ß-sfm∂pw C∂v
Xn°v tImSn h¿j-ßƒ th≠n-h-∂p.
XΩn¬ ùXnI imkv{X-Øns‚tbm {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-t°≠ Imcy-an-s√-¶n¬
Jp¿B≥ Bi- b - Ø n\v hncp- ≤ - a mbn
ck-X-{¥-Øns‚tbm am¿Kß-fp-]-tbm-
\n¿P-oh hkvXp-°-fn¬ \n∂v Poh≥
Kn®v hyXymkw I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ km[y- D≠m-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂mWv imkv{Xw
a-s√∂ hmZw icn-bm-sW-¶nepw Nqj-W- Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≈X - v. k¶-ch
- n-Øn-\ß
- ƒ
c-ln-X-amb Hcp kmaqlyhyh-ÿ-bn¬ A[zm-\n-®p-≠m-°p∂ [m\y a- W
- n- apX¬ t¢mWnßv Pohn-Iƒhsc a\p-
B¿°pw Is´-Sp-t°≠ kml-Nc - y-ap-≠m- Ifpw Is´-Sp-°p∂ [m\y-a-Wn- jys‚ krjvSn-I-fm-Wv. a\p-jy-cq-]-ß
ImØ ÿnXn°v B tNmZy-Øn\v {]k Ifpw XΩn¬ ùXnI imkv{X- fpw arK-cq-]-ßfpw hr£-ß-fp-sam-s°-
‡n D≠m-Ip-∂n-√. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ bp- ≠ m°n A√mlp AXn\v Poh≥
Øns‚tbm ck-X-{¥-Øns‚
Ahn-ln-X_ - ‘- Ø - n-ep-≠m-Ip∂ Ip™n DuXn-s°-m-Sp-ØmWv krjvSn-s∏-∂-hmZw
\pw `mcy-`¿Xr _‘-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ tbm am¿Kß-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v hy
icn-b-√;- BsW∂v ka¿Y-n-°m≥ Nne
Ip™n\pw XΩn¬ hyXym-k-sam∂pw Xymkw I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ km[y-a-
Jp¿B≥ kq‡-ßƒ Nq≠n-°mń sXfn-
ImWp-I-bn√ F∂ hmZw icn-bp-am-Wv. s√∂ hmZw icn-bm-sW-¶nepw hp-Iƒ lmP-cm-°p-I-b√ th≠-Xv. Jp¿
a\p-jy≥ \∂m-Im≥ th≠n A√mlp Nqj-W-c-ln-X-amb Hcp kmaq B\n-\v- FXn-cmb imkv{Xob kXy-
Ch XΩn¬ hyXymkw D≠m°n ImWn- lyhyh-ÿb - n¬ B¿°pw Is´- ßƒ sX‰m-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°m≥ Jp¿
°p-I-bmWv th≠n-bn-cp-∂Xv-. F∂m¬ Sp-t°≠ kml-Nc- y-ap-≠m-ImØ B\√ imkv{X hnj-b-ßƒ Xs∂-bm
F{Xtbm aX-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Hcp sX Wv Nq≠n-°-m-Wn-t°-≠-Xv. At∏mƒ
ÿnXn°v B tNmZy-Øn\v {]k
‰pw sNømØ Ip™p-ß-sf-bmWv Ipcp- Ggm-Im-i-ßƒ°pw Ggp-`q-an-Iƒ°pw
S-∑m-cmbpw sNIn-Sp-s]m-´∑ - m-cmbpw samS- ‡n D≠m-Ip-∂n-√.
sXfn-hp-Iƒ Is≠-tØ-≠n-h-cpw. `qan
°m-N-c-°p-I-fmbn A√mlp ]S-®p-hn-Sp- ]c-∂-Xm-sW∂pw ÿm]n-t°-≠n-h-cpw.
∂-Xv. \nc-]-cm-[n-Isf in£n-°p-tºmƒ
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 39
a-dp-]-Sn-
H-cp- bp-‡n-bp-an-√m-Ø- Ip-sd- P-ev-]-\-ßƒ-

D-kv-am≥- ]m-e-°m-gn-
HIvtSm-_¿ e°w kvt\l-kw-hm-Z-Øn sem-cn-°¬- sIm-Sp-Øm¬- a-Xn.- F-∂m¬- “Xß-fpsS kzØn¬ tNmZn®p hcp
¬ h∂ c≠p tNmZy-ßƒ°v \¬Inb D-≈-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-®v- Zm-\-˛[¿-a-ßƒ- sIm- ∂-h\pw D]-Po-h-\-am¿K-w XS-b-s∏-´h
adp-]S- n, B tNmZy-ßƒ°p aXn-bmb adp- Sp-°-W-sa-∂p-Iq-Sn- C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p- \pw \n¿W-n-X-amb Ah-Imiw \¬Ip∂-
]-Sn-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p-≠v. hni-Z-amb ]T\ ∂p-≠v.- I-dn-bn¬- A-ev-]w- sh-≈w- tN¿- hcpw.......-” (Jp¿B≥ 70:- 24-25).-
Xm¬]-cy-apf-f-h¿°v CkvemanI {KŸ- Cßs\ Hcp-hy-hÿ apX-em-fn-Ø-
ßƒ hmbn®p kwib \nhm-cWw hcp- Øn-en-√. Ckvemw kmº-ØnI kaXzw
Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXp ]mSn-s√∂v B ASn-t®¬]n°p-∂X - n\p ]Icw A√m-lp-
adp-]-Sn-I-fn¬ ]d-bp-∂n-√. F∂n-cp-∂m hnepw ]c-tem-I-Ønepw hniz-kn-°p-∂-
epw B tNmZy-ßsf A\p-K-an®v bp‡n- kzØ-hI - miw Ckvemw A\p-hZ- n- h¿°v Ah-cpsS hnizm-khpw {]Xn-ê
hm-Zn-bmb skbvZp-ap-l-ΩZv B-\-°-bw- °p- I bpw kº- Ø n\v ]cn[n Imw£bp-a-\p-k-cn®v kº-Øp-sIm-≠v-
Fgp-Xnb kwi-b-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. \n›-bn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw sNbv kZvI¿a-ßƒ sNøm-\p≈ am¿K-ßƒ
kzØ-h-Imiw Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn- XXv apX-em-fn-Ø-at\m`mh-tØm Nq≠n-Im-Wn°-p-I-bmWp sNbvXn-cn-°p-
°p-Ibpw kº-Øn\v ]cn[n \n›-bn-°m- ∂-Xv. kº-∂¿°v Zcn-{Z-tcm-Sp≈ _m[y
SpIqSn-b-√. a\p-jy-cnse Ign-hp-
Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw sNbvXXv apX-em-fn-Ø- X Ae-k-hm-°n-eqsS Ah-K-Wn-°m-hp
at\m`mh-tØmSpIqSn-b-√. a\p-jy-cnse Ifpw tijnbpw A\pk-cn®v hyIv-
∂-X-√. AXp IWn-i-amb hyh-ÿ-bn-
Ign-hp-Ifpw tijnbpw A\pk-cn®v hyIv- Xn-Iƒ°v kzØpkºm-Zn-°p-h-m- eq-sSbpw sFO-nI - a- mb KpW-Imw-£n-bn-
Xn- I ƒ°v kzØpkºm- Z n- ° p- h - m - \ pw, \pw, kºm-Z-\-Øns‚ hgnIƒ eq-sSbpw kaq-lØ - n\v i‡nbpw Bizm
kºm-Z\ - Ø
- ns‚ hgnIƒ aX-\n- b - a
- ß
- ƒ aX-\-n-b-a-ßƒ°p hnt[-b-am-bn- khpw ]I-cp∂ {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS t{]c
°p hnt[-b-am-bn-cn°p-h-m\pw Ckvemw cn°p-h-m\pw Ckvemw hyhÿ WI-fmbn Ckvemw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-
hyhÿ sNøp-∂p-≠v. CX hy‡nIsf ∂Xv skbvXp apl-ΩZv a\- n-em-t°-≠n-
sNøp-∂p-≠v.
Ipt_-c≥amcpw IpØ-I-ap-X-em-fn-amcpw bn-cp-∂p.
B°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-b√. Nne hy‡n- Ckvemw ]e-ni hntcm-[n-®-Xv kmº-
Iƒ kº-∂-cm-Ip-∂-Xn-eqsS kºØv
ØnI Nqj-W-sØbpw Ahn-ln-X-amb
kaq-lØ - n\v samØw ê-{]-Za - mb ssZ
kºm-Zy-io-es - Øbpw {]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-hm-
hm-\p-{K-l-ambn amdp∂ hyhÿ Ckv
sØ-¶n-epw- A-b¬ - h- m-kn-°v- sIm-Sp-°W - - \m-Wv. ]e-n-i-bpsS Zpc-¥-ßƒ apX-em-
eman-ep-≠v. AK-Xn-Iƒ A\m-Y¿ _e-
sa-∂- {]-hm- N- I
- h - N
- \- w C-kve - m-an-s≥-d- am- fn-Ø-˛-tkm-jy-enÃv kaq-l-ß-fn-se√mw
lo-\¿ Zp¿_-e¿ F∂n-h¿°v B-h-iy-
\p-jn-I˛- km-tlm-Zc - y-˛Im-cp-Wy- ap-Js - Ø- C∂-v ]S¿∂p ]nSn-®n-cn-°p- I - b- m-Wv. AXp-
amb kmº-ØnI klm-bhpw ]n≥_e
bm-Wv- {]-Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- sIm-≠mWv t\m_¬kΩm\ tPXmhpw
hpw \¬Im≥ Jp¿B≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-
""Ip-Spw-_- _-‘-ap-≈-h-∂v A-h-s≥d- {]apJ kmº-ØnI Nn¥-I\ - p-amb Aa¿
∂p-≠v. c-≠c - i
- X
- a- m-\w- k-Im-Øv- \¬In-
A-h-Im-iw- \o- \¬-Ip-I;- A-K-Xn-°pw- Xymsk≥ AS-°-ap≈ ]ecpw ]eni
°-gn-™m¬- B- hy-‡n-bp-sS- k-aq-l-
hgn-t]m-°∂ - pw-- (A-hc - p-sS-- A-hI- m-ihpw).- cln-X_ - m-¶nwKv F∂ Bi-bsØ {]iw
tØm-Sp-≈- _m-[y-XI - ƒ- Xo¿-∂p- F-s∂m-
\o- ([-\w)-- Zp¿-hy-bw- sN-bv-Xp- I-f-b-cpXv''- kn-°p-∂-Xv.
∂pw- C-ke v- mw- ]-db
- p-∂n-√.- k-Im-Øv- sIm-
Sp-°p-hm≥- A¿-l-X-bp-≈-h¿- h¿-j-Øn- (Jp¿-B≥- 17:- 26).- I®-h-S-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 40
fmbn em`-hn-lnXw ]¶p-sh-°p-∂-Xns\ ()- \n¿-tZ-in-°p-∂-Xv.- amWv 59:-7 ep-≈-Xv.- bp≤-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-
]en-i-bmbn ImWm-hp-∂-X-√. ]en-i-bp kv-{Xo-[-\- k-{º-Zm-bw- A-\-y-a-X-Øn SpØv BZy-Ime apkvenwIƒ ]W-°m-
sS kz`m-hhpw cq-]hpw Ckvemw hy‡- ¬-\n-∂pw- I-S-∂p-Iq-Sn-b- H-cp- Zp-cm-Nm-c-am- cmsb∂pw, Ah¿ ]n∂oSv bp≤-Øn¬
am-°n-b´- p≠v. AXn-\m¬ A°m-cy-Øn¬ Wv.- A-Xv- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- Im-e-L-´-Ø-n¬- ]s¶-Sp-°m-Xm-b-t∏mƒ B kml-N-cy
bmsXm-cm-i-¶bv°pw CS-an-√. ]eni D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- c-≠-c-i-X-am-\w- k-Im- sØ adn-IS- ° - m-\mWv {]-kX v- p-X- kq-‡w-
hyh-ÿ-bpsS êw hmßp-∂-h≥ \¬ Øv- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv- s]¨-Ip-ń-I-sf- sI-ń- sIm-≠-p-h∂-sX-∂p-ap≈ \nco-£Ww
Ip-∂-h\v kzPo-hnXw Xs∂ _en-b¿∏n- ®p-hn-Sm-\msW-∂v- hn-a¿-i-I≥- a-\- n-em- _men-i-am-Wv. F{X- bp-≤-Øn¬ ]s¶-
t°-≠n-h-cn-I F∂ Xc-Øn¬ òI-c-am- °n-b-Xp-t]m-se- tXm-∂p-∂p!- k-v-{Xo-[-\w- SpØv F{X kz-lm-_n-Iƒ kº-∂c - m-bn,
b-XmWv C∂v tIc-f-Ønepw C¥y-bpsS hm-ßm-sX- Z-cn-{Z-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fn¬- \n-∂v- Ah¿ Bscms° F∂p ]d-bm≥ hna¿
hnhn[ `mK-ß-fnepw \S-°p∂ Bfl-l- C-WI - s- f- Xn-cs- ™-Sp-°p-∂h - ¿- ap-kve - nw- i-I\v Ign-bptam?-
Xy-Iƒ \¬Ip∂ ]mTw. "]-en-i- \n-tcm- I-fn¬- [m-c-m-f-ap-≠v. A-Xn-\v- A-h-sc- t{]- a\p-jy≥ Fßs\ \√-a\ - p-jy-\mbn
[n-®-Xn-\m¬- ]-en-i-hm-ßn- I-Sw- sIm-Sp- cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv- A-h-cp-sS- a-Xt_m-[-am-Wv.- Pohn-°W - s - a∂ ]mTw am{X-a√ Ckvemw
°m-≥- -]-‰n-√ F-∂p- I-cp-Xn- ]-W-°m¿- k-º∂ - \ - m-b- H-cp- bp-‡n-hm-Zn- Z-cn-{Z-bmb- \¬Ip-∂X - v. a\p-jy≥ `qan-bn¬ Bhn¿`-
Ip-Sp-ßn-b-h-sc- k-lm-bn-°p-hm≥- X-bm- s]¨-Ip-ń-sb-- C-W-bm-°p-hm-≥- X-bm-dm- hn®p Pohn-°p-∂-Xns‚ {]Xy-£hpw
dm-Im-Ø- A-hkv-Y-bm-Wp-≠m-hp-I'- F- Ip-tam?- F-¥n-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn-em- ]tcm-£h - p-amb \ymbo-Ic - W- a - mWv Ckv
∂-Xv- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- A-¥- -Ø- a-\- n- Wv- A-h≥- k-º-Øp-≈- s]¨-Ip-ń-sb- emw. kºm-Zn-°m-\p≈ B¿Øn \ne-
em-°m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠p-≈- ]-cm-a¿-i-am-Wv.- H-gn-hm-°p-∂-Xv?- Z-cn-{Z-I-fm-b- s]¨-Ip-ń- \n¬°p∂-X√ kºmZyw A\p-hZ- n-°m≥
ù-Xn-I- hm-Zn-I-sf-t∏m-se-b-√- ap-kv-enw- Iƒ- C-Ws - b- e-`n-°m-sX- ho-ń-en-cp-∂m¬- Imc-Ww. kºm-Zy-Øn-eqsS hy‡n-˛- k
Iƒ.- A-h¿- ù-Xn-I-em-`w- t\m-°n-b-√- ù-Xn-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ-°v- F-¥v- \-jv-Sw?- ssZ- aq-lß - ƒ°v ]e-\∑ - I
- f
- pw km[y-XI - fpw
]tcm-]-Im-cw- sN-øp-dp-≈-Xv;- {k-jv-Sm-hn- hh-pw- ]-ctem-I-hp-sam-∂pw- ù-Xn-I-hmZn- D≠m- I p- ∂ p- F∂- X m- W v . a\p- j y≥
s≥-d- {]-Xn-ê - w- B-{K-ln-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv.- Iƒ-°n-√-t√m.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- a-‰p-≈-h¿- A[zm-\n-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Ah\v {kjv
A-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs - ∂- X-s≥-d- ap-ºn¬- ssI- I-jv-S-s∏-Sp-∂p-t≠m- C-t√- F-s∂m-∂pw- Sm-hns‚ A\p-{Klw IpSn-bp-≠-m-bm-te-
\o-ń-b- H-cm-sf- B-ń-b-I-‰p-hm≥- ap-kv-en- t\m-°m-sX- X-s≥-d- Po-hn-Xw- kp-J-I-c- k-ºmZyap≠m-Iq-. ITn-\-ambn {]bXv\n
an-\v- I-gn-bn-√.- ""tNm-Zn-®p-h-cp-∂-h-s\- \n- am-°p-hm-\-t√- A-h≥- {i-≤n-t°-≠-Xv?- ®n´pw H∂p-am-Im-\m-hm-sX, IS-°m-cmbn
hn-c-ń-hn-Sp-I-bpw- sN-ø-cp-Xv''- (Jp¿-B-\- Bfl-lXy sNtø≠nh-cp∂ Bbn-c-I-
bp≤]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn®
93:- 10).- F-∂m¬- H-cp- ù-Xn-I-hm-Z-n-bp-sS- W-°n\v _nkn-\ - p-°m¿ Gjy≥ cmPy-
Hcp kq-‡-amWv 59:-7 F¶n-epw, AXn¬
t\m-´w- ù-Xn-I- t\-´-ß-fn¬- am-{X-am-Wv.- ßfnep≠v F∂v hnhn[ ]T- \ - ß ƒ
{]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ XØ-zw CkvemanI
A-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs - ∂- t\-á
- n-√m-Ø- k-lm- Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. _n¿f-sb-bpw, ‰m‰-sb-
kaq- l - Ø ns‚ F°m- e - t Ø- ° p- a p≈
bw- sN-øp-hm≥- A-h-\v- Ign-™p-sIm-≈- bpw, _n¬tK‰-vkn-s\bpw Nq≠n-°mń
XØ-z-am-Wv. CkvemanI ÿm-]-\-ßƒ,
W-sa-∂n-√.- A-h≥- F-¥n-\v- k-lm-bn-°- A√m-lp-hn\v Ahsc Hcp Np°pw sNøm
al-√p-Iƒ, kwL-S-\-Iƒ, s]mXp-J-P-
Ww?- k-lm-bn-®n-s√-¶n¬- F-¥v- tIm-´w- ≥ Ign-bn√ F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv _men-i-
\mhv (ss_-Xp¬am¬) F∂n-h-bpsS
k-w-`-hn-°pw?- amb \ne-]m-Sm-Wv. AXn¬ bp‡n-bn-√.
kºØv kaq-l-Øns‚ s]mXp \≥a
hnhm-l-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Ckvem °mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°Ww F∂ Bi-b- ImcWw {]]-©-Øns‚ \nb-¥m-hmb
anI \nb-aß - ƒ F√m Nqj-Wß - s- fbpw i‡n-bn¬ hniz-kn-°p∂ Hcmƒ°v, ‰m‰-
{]Xn-tcm-[n-°p∂ hn[-Øn-em-Wv. "s]Æn sb-bpw _n¿f-sbbpw H∂p-an-√m-Xm-°m≥
s‚ Xd-hmSpw Ãm‰kpw t\m°n am{Xsa A√m- l p- h n\v Ac- s k- ° ‚p- t ]mepw
hnhmlw Ign-°mhq F∂mWv ]pcp-j-
hnhm- l - h p- a mbn _‘- s ∏´ ths≠∂v Adn-bmw. "I-{Xo-\'-bpw- "do-Ø'-
∑msc Jp¿B≥ D]-tZ-in-°p-∂X - v'- F-∂v- CkvemanI \nb-a-ßƒ F√m bpw- "hn-¬-a-'-bp-sam-s°- kz-bw-]-cym-]v-X-
hn-a¿-iI - ≥- F-gp-Xn-hn-Sp-∂p-≠.-v- A-ßs - \- Nqj-W-ß-sfbpw {]Xn-tcm-[n- sc-∂pw- k-º-∂-sc-∂pw- - ta-\n-\-Sn-°p-∂-
sb-m-cp- kq-‡w- Jp¿-B-\n¬- Im-Wn-®p- °p∂ hn[-Øn-em-Wv. "s]Æn A-ta-cn-°° - msc- H-cp- I-jW v- w- sd-m´- n-°pw-
X-cp-hm≥- I-gn-bptam?- G-Xv- A-[ym-b-Øn s‚ Xd-hmSpw Ãm‰kpw t\m°n H-cn-d-°p- sh-≈-Øn-\pw- th-≠n- sI-©p-
¬?- F-{Xmw- kq-‡Ø - n¬?- "kv{- Xo-Iƒ- hn- am{Xsa hnhmlw Ign-°mhq ∂-h-c-m-°n- am-‰n-b-Xv- h-f-sc- sN-dn-sbm-cp-
hm-lw- I-gn-°-s∏-Sm-dp-≈-Xv- k-º-Øv,- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv.-
kuμcyw,- Xd-hm-Sv, aXw F∂n-XymX-n
F∂mWv ]pcp-j-∑msc Jp¿B
tkmjy-en-k-Øns‚ ka-Xz-kp-μ-c-
KpW-ßƒ t\m°nbm-Wv.- F-∂m¬- aX ≥ D]-tZ-in-°p-∂X - v '- F-∂v- hn-a¿-
amb hyh-ÿ-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ B{K-ßƒ
ap≈ CWsb Xnc-s™-SpØv hnP-bn-°p- i-I≥- F-gp-Xn-hn-Sp-∂p-≠.v - A-ß- C∂pw kz]v\ß - ƒ am{X-ambn tijn-°p-
I'- F-∂- B-i-b-ap-≈- -H-cp- \-_n-h-N-\- s\-sb-mc- p- kq-‡w- Jp¿-B\ - n¬- I-bm-Wv. tkmjy-enÃv kz]v\ß - ƒ ]qh-
ap-≠v.- A-Xm-bn-cn-°mw- H-cp-]-t£-,- Jp¿- Im-Wn-®p-X-cp-hm≥- I-gn-bptam?- Wn™ Hcp \mSpw kaq-lhpw temIØv
B≥- h-N-\-am-bn- hn-a¿-i-I≥- a-\- n-em- G-Xv- A-[ym-b-Øn¬?- F-{Xmw- CXp-hsc \ne-hn¬ h∂p Ign-™n-ń√
°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- \m-´p-\-S-∏v- Aw-Ko-I-cn- F∂-XmWv kXyw. ASn-asb tamNn-∏n-
°p-hm-\-√-;- aXap≈ CWsb Xnc-s™-
kq-‡-Øn¬?
°¬ ]e-Imcyßƒ°p-ap≈ {]mb-›n-
SpØv hnP-bn-°p-hm-\m-Wv- {]-hm-N-I≥- Ø-am-°n-bpw, Af-h‰ ]pWy-Øns‚ hgn-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 41
bm-°n-bpw, CkvemanI kaq-l-Øn¬ Xm-h-ÿ-Iƒ {]]-©-\m-Ys\ \ntj-[n- ù-Xn-I-hm-Zw- hn-P-bn-°-s´;- Zp-jn-®- a-X-
ASnabv°pw DS-a°pw kmtlm-Z-cy-]q¿ °m≥ t{]c-W-bm-Ip-∂n-√. sF-ln-I- Po- Nn-¥- \-in-°-s´''-- F-s∂m-s°- ]-d-™v-
W-amb kl-h¿ØnXz-w km[y-am-°nbpw hn-X-a-√m-sX- a-s‰m-cp- Po-hn-X-an-√- F-∂p- A-h¿-°v- Nq-Sp-≈- _Zmw- an¬-°v- sIm≠p-
Ckvemw ASn-a-Ø-Ønse {]iv\-ßƒ hn-iz-kn-°p-∂h - cn¬- \n-t∂- A-‘s - c-bpw- t]m-bn-s°m-Sp-°p-tam,- A-tXm- sIm-Sp-hm-
C√mbva sNbvXp. Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- _-[n-c-sc-bp-sam-s°- kr-jv-Sn®v- F-¥n-\m- fp-am-bn- A-hc- p-sS- ap-ºn¬- Nm-Sn- ho-gp-tam?-
""F-∂n-´v- A-h≥- B- a-e-ºm-X- Xm-≠n-°- Wv- ssZ-hw- I-jv-S-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv- F-∂ hn-a¿-i-I≥- F-¥p-]-d-bp-∂p?- --
S∂n-√.- B- a-e-ºm-X- F-¥m-sW-∂v- \n\ tNm-Zyw- D-b-cq.- b-Ym¿-Y- Po-hn-XØnte- \_n-sb(-) A√mlp Ab-®Xv, Ah
°
- v- F-¥d - n-bm-w?- A-Sn-at- am-N\ - w.- A-s√¶n °p-≈- {l-kz-am-b- bm-{X-bm-Wv- sF-ln- ≥ ]n¥p¿∂phcp∂ Hcp {Ia-Øns‚
¬- ]-ń-Wn-bp-sS- \m-fn¬- Ip-Spw-_- _-‘- I- Po-hn-Xw.- £-ab - pw- k-l\ - h
- pw- A-\pk- `mK-am-bm-Wv. a\p-jys\ krjvSn® Ah
ap-≈- H-cp- A-\m-Yb-v-t°m- I-Sp-Ø- Zm-c-n c-W-bp-sa-√m-ap-≈-h¿-°m-Wv- B-Xy-¥n-I- ≥ a\p-jy\v am¿KZ¿i\w \¬Im\mbn
{Zyap-≈- H-cp- km-[p-hn-t\m- `-£-Ww- \¬- hn-P-bw.- A-√m-lp- B¿-s°-¶n-epw- ssh- Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ \nc-h[n ZqX≥amsc
IpI''- (90:- 12˛16).- 4:-92,- 5:-89,- 58:-3 h-N-\ß I-eyw- \¬-In-bn-´q-s≠¶n¬- A-X-v B- Ab-®n-´p-≠v. ]nim-Nns\ krjvSn-®-Xpw,
fn¬- Nn-e- sX-‰p-Iƒ-°p-≈- {]m-bi - v-Nn-Ø- ssh-I-ey-ap-≈-h-∂v- ]-e- \n-e-bv-°pw- Kp- a\p-jy-cn¬ \√-h-scbpw sI´h-scbpw
am-bn- A-Sn-a-tam-N-\am-Wv- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- W-I-c-am-bn°pw.- {k-jv-Sm-hm-Wv- k¿-h- D≠m-°n-bXpw a\pjy\v Xs‚ {]hr-Øn-
bqtdm-∏nepw ]m›mXy kaq-l-ß- ⁄m-\n.- - aX-hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚bpw aqey- Isf _p≤n-]q¿h-w Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-hm-\m-
fnepw ASn-a-hym-]mcw XIr-Xn-bmbn \S- kw-ln-X-bp-sSbpw ]n≥_-e-an-√msX Ip Wv. ae-°p-Ifpw a\p-jycpw shtΔsd
∂n-cp∂ ]Xn-s\´v ]sØm≥]Xv \q‰m- Spw_,- hy‡n,- kaql PohnXw sa®-am- LS- \ - t bmsSb- p w e£ytØmsSbpw-
≠p- I - f n¬, temI- s Ø- h n- s Sbpw Hcp Ip-∂p≠v F∂Xv Hcp tXm∂¬- am{X- krjv-Sn-°-s∏-´-h-c-m-I-bm¬ ae-°p-I-sf-
apkvenw cmjv{SØnepw kaq-l-Ønepw am-Wv. a-Xw- ]-Tn-∏n-°-p-∂- Nn-e- aq-ey-ßƒ- t∏mse a\p-jy-cpw- Bbncps∂-¶n¬
Hscm‰ ASn-abpw \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂n√ F∂ ]n-¥p-S-cp-∂p-- F-∂-Xm-Wv- ù-Xn-I-hm-Zn-I- F∂ Nn¥bv°v \oXn-I-c-W-an-√. Ckv
Xv- A\n-tj[y Ncn-{X-am-Wv. fp-sS- Ip-Sp-w-_-Po-hn-XsØ-bpw- apt∂m-´p- emans‚ i{Xp-°ƒs°-Xn-cmb ka-cØ - n
\-bn-°p-∂X - v.- ù-Xn-Ih- m-ZØ
- n-s≥-d- IÆn \v Ckvemans‚ D≈n¬ \n∂p-sIm-≠p
hkvXp-°ƒ, tijn-I-ƒ, {]hr-Øn-
¬- C-jv-S-ap-≈-h-cp-am-bn- ssew-Kn-I-_-‘- ≈ hyJym-\ß - s - f-bmWv B{i-bn-t°-≠-
Iƒ F∂n- h - b psS D]- c n- L - S - \ - b n¬
ùXn-Ih - m-ZØ - n\pw Ckveman\pw hnXym- Xv. AXns‚ sX‰pw icnb-pw Ckvemw
k-an-√. F∂m¬ Ah-bpsS hn\n-a-bw, G-sX-¶n-ep-sam-cp- bp-‡n-hm-Zn- th¿Xn-cn-®n-´p-ap-≠v. bp≤-hp-am- b - pw t]mcm
D]-tbm-Kw, e£yw, ê-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ´-hp-ambpw _‘-s∏´ Jp¿B\nI ]cma
X-s≥-d- ho-ń-te-°v- I-b-dn-h-cp-
[mcW F∂nhbnemWp hnXym- k w. ¿i-ßsf Ah-bpsS kml-Nc - yw, A¿Yw,
tºm¿- X-s≥-d- C-W- a-s‰m-cp- ]p- icn-bmb hnh£ F∂nh ]cnK-Wn-°m
tkmjy-enÃv hyhÿ \ne-hn¬ h∂n-
ń-√mØ Hcp hyh-ÿ-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ cp-j-s≥-d- Iq-sS- i-bn-°p-∂-Xp- sX shdpw Igp-Ø-d-°epw sIme-]m-I-
Ckvemans‚ hyhÿ {]hm-NI Ime- Im-WpI-bm-sW-¶n¬- F-¥m-Wp- hp-ambn ImWp-∂Xv Bi-bZ- m-cn-{Zy-am-Wv.
L-´Ø - nepw tijhpw \S-∏n-em-hp-Ib - pw, sN-øp-I?- ""_-te- t`-jv!- - \-∂mbn!- krjvSnsb°-pdn-®p≈ Jp¿-B-\n-s‚
C∂pw B[p-\nI kaq-lØ - ns‚ kPoh ù-Xn-I-hm-Zw- hn-P-bn-°-s´;- Zpjn bpw Ckveman-s‚bpw ho£-W-ß-fn¬
{i≤-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ®- a-X-Nn-¥- \-in-°-s´''-- F-s∂m- H∂n- \ p- t ]mepw imkv { Xw FXn- c - √ .
Iayq- W nÃv ˛ tkm- j y- e nÃv hy- h - k v - Y - F∂m¬ krjvSn-∏n-s‚bpw ]cn-Wm-aØ - n-
s°- ]-d-™v- A-h¿-°v- Nq-Sp-≈-
Dt´m-]-y-bmbn tijn-°-p-I-bm-Wn-∂pw. s‚bpw imkv{Xob hi-ßsf ASn-ÿm-
ap°m¬ \q‰m≠v Ia-yqWnÃv hyhÿ _Zmw- an¬-°v- sIm≠p-t]m-bn- \-am°n Jp¿B\nse ]cm-a¿i-ßsf
\ne-\n∂ tkmhy-b‰v bqWn-b-\n¬ ]ń- s°m-Sp-°p-tam,- A-tXm- sIm-Sp- tNmZyw sNøp-∂-h-cp-≠v. Jp¿B≥ Hcp
Wnbpw Zmcn- { Zyhpw ]nSn- ® p- ] d- n bpw hm-fp-am-bn- A-h-cp-sS- ap-ºn¬- imkv{X {KŸ-tam, Ckvemw Hcp imkv
thiym-hr-Øn-bp-am-bn-cp∂p bYm¿Y- NmSn- ho- g p- t am?- hn- a ¿- i - I ≥- {X kn≤m-¥tam A√ F∂m-Wn-h¿ B-
Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv F∂v tkmhy-b‰v F¥p-]-d-bp-∂p?-- - Zyw- a\ n-em-t°-≠-Xv. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-
bqWn-bs‚ XI¿®°p tijw temIw Øns‚ BXy-¥n-I-am¿K- Z¿i\w imkv-
Adn-™p. {X- Ø n\v km[y- a m- b n- ´ n- √ . AXmWn
hy-`n-Nm-c-Øn-eq-sS-bp-≠m-Ip-∂- Ip- kvemw \¬Ip∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂
™n-s\-bpw- hn-hm-l_ - ‘ - Ø - n-eq-sS-bp≠m- Øn-te¿-s∏-Sp-∂X - v- sX-t‰m- Ip-‰t- am- A√.- Ckveman-s\-°-p-dn®v N¿® sNøp-tºmƒ
Ip-∂- Ip-™n-s\-bpw-- XΩn¬ ASbm-fs∏- ù-Xn-I-hm-Zn,- \n-co-iz-c-hm-Zn,- bp-‡n-hmZn- imkv{Xw, ]cn-Wm-aw, imkv{X-hn-cp≤w
SpØn th¿Xn-cn-t°-≠n-bn-cp∂p F∂ F-∂o- t]-cp-I-fn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂-h-sc- F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ ]Zm-h-en-Iƒ Nq≠n-
hmZw _men-ia - m-Wv. A-Zr-iy-am-b- \n-ebn √mw- H-tc- P-\p- n¬- s]-Sp-∂-h-cm-W-t√m.- °-m-Wn®v ]n¥n-cn-bp-∂Xv _meni-amb
¬- ssZ-h-sØ- `-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿- A-ß-s\- Cu- P-\p- n¬- s]-Sp-∂- G-sX-¶n-ep-sam- \ne]-m-Sm-Wv.
A-S-bm-f-sam-∂p-an-√m-sX- X-s∂- -hy-`n-Nm- cmƒ- X-s≥-d- ho-ń-te-°v- I-b-dn-h-cp-tºm¿- imkv{X-Øn\v GsX¶nepw hnj-b-
cw- t]m-ep-≈- A-[-¿-a-ßƒ- sh-Sn-bpw. X-s≥-d- C-W- a-s‰m-cp- ]p-cp-j-s≥-d- Iq-sS- Øn¬ ]ptcm-KXn D≠m-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬
i-bn-°p-∂-Xp- Im-WpI-bm-sW-¶n¬- F- AXv a\p-jy-\nepw {]]-©Ø
- nepw A√m
a\p-jy-cnse {Ia-c-ln-X-amb Pohn-
¥m-Wp- sN-øp-I?- ""_-te- t`-jv!- - \-∂mbn!-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 42
lp \nt£-]n® km[y-XI - f- n-eqsS Xs∂ hm-Zn-I-fpw- {i-an-®m¬- \-S-°p-tam?- ssPh- I--bmWp sNbvX-sX∂v ]≠v Nne ss_
Dcp-Øn-cn-Øp h∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v- h-kv-Xp-°ƒ- A-ssP-h-h-kv-Xp-°-fn¬-\n- _n-fp-I-fpsS am¿Pn-\n¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-cp-
imkv{Xw krjvSn I¿Øm-hn-s\-Xn-c-√. ∂pw- kz-b-ta- D-≠m-Ip-∂p- F-∂- "]q-tj'- ∂p. {k-jvSm-hns‚ krjvSn-{]-{Inbsb-
`qan tKmf-am-sW∂ Imcyw ]dbp-I-bm bp-sS- \n-K-a-\-sØ- eq-bn- ]m-kv-®¿- sXfn- B[p-\nI imkv{X-Øns‚ Zp¿_e hn
bn-cp∂n√ Jp¿B\ns‚ e£yw. `qan hp-k-ln-Xw- F-Xn¿-Øn-´p-≠v.- {^-©v- A- ⁄m-\-ßƒsIm≠v Af-°p-∂Xv bp
hncn-∏m°n F∂-]-cm-a¿iØn¬- A-im- °m-Z-an- Hm-^v- k-b≥-k-kv-,- kz-b-ta-h-bp- ‡n-bp-w h - n-th-Ih - p-a√
- . Jp¿B\n-\v- FXn-
kv-{Xo-b-am-bn- H-∂p-an-√.- `q-an-sb- H-cp- ù- ≈- ssP-thm-ev-]-Øn-sb-°p-dn-®p-≈- G‰- cmb imkv{X-kX - y-ßƒ GsX∂v BZyw
Xn-I-hm-Zn-°p- a-\- -n-em-Ip-∂-Xv- ap-I-fn¬- hpw- \-√- te-J-\-Øn-\p-≈- A-hm¿-Uv- sXfn-bn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AXn-\p-ti-jta
I-b-dn-bm¬- D-Xn¿-∂p-ho-gp-∂- h-en-sbm-cp- (1862)- eq-bo- ]m-kv-®-dn-\m-Wp- \-ev-In-bXv.- B kXy-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ F¥p-\n-
tKm-f-am-bn-´m-tWm?- A-tXm- kz-O-μw- hn- A-Xn¬- A-t±-lw- k-a¿-Yn-°p-∂X - v- ssPh- e-]mSp kzoI-cn-°-W-sa∂v- Nn¥n-t°-≠-
l-cn-°p-hm≥- ]-‰n-b,- - Hm-Sp-hm- \
- pw- Nm-Sphm- h-kv-Xp-°ƒ- A-ssP-h-h-kv-Xp-°-fn¬-\n- Xp-≈q. imkv{X X-Øz-ß-fn¬ Nne-Xv,
\pw I-r-jn-sN-øp-hm-\p-sam-s°- ]-‰n-b hn- ∂pw- kz-b-ta- D-≠m-Ip-∂n-√- F-∂m-Wv.- addp-Nne imkv{X X-Øz-ßƒ°v F°m-
im-e-X-bp-≈- H-- -∂m-bn-t´m?- F∂m¬ `qan- -\n¿Poh-h-kvXp-°-fn¬ \n∂v Poh≥ eØpw FXn-cm-sW-∂-Xm-Wv- h-kv-Xp-X.-
bpsS tKmfm-Ir-Xn-bn-te°v kqN-\ -\¬ D≠m-°m-sa∂v imkv{Xw sXfn-bn-®n-ń-√. Ggm-Im-i-ß-fpw Ggp `qan-bp-sa-∂ ]cm
Ip∂ hmIy-ßƒ thsd-bp-≠v Jp¿B\n AXns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ C∂pw At\zj a¿i-hpw, `qan- hn-Xm-\n-°-s∏-´-Xm-sW-∂v-
¬. ]cn-Wma imkv{X-Øn\v a\p-jys‚ W ]mX- b n¬am{X- a m- W v . ]ptcm- K Xn tZym-Xn∏n-°p∂ ]cm-a¿ihpw imkv{Xo-
Bhn¿`m-h-Øn\p ]n∂nse kXy-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-∂n√ F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. t¢m b-am-bn- sX-‰-m-sW-∂v- ]-d-bm≥- F-¥v- im-
]d-bm≥ Ign-bm-ØX - p-sIm-≠mWv imkv Wnßv XpS-ßnb B[p-\nI imkv{X kv-{X-⁄m-\-am-Wv- hn-a¿-i-I-s≥-d- ]-°-
{X hnZym¿Y-n-Ifpw imkv{X-{]-Xn-`-Ifpw t\´-ß-fpsS ê-{]m-]vXn-sb-°p-dn®v ep-≈-sX-∂-dn-bm≥- Iu-Xp-I-ap-≠v.- a\p-
{kjvSm-hn¬ hniz-kn®p t]mIp-∂-Xv. Bi-¶-Iƒ \ne-\n¬°p-I-bm-Wn-∂pw. jys‚ ùXn-I-hpw, Bflo-b-hp-amb
ChnsS \S-°p∂ a - X
- ]- T
- \
- ß- ƒ GsX¶n Po-h-s≥-d- kq-£v-a- L-S-I-am-b- tIm-i-ß- hyh-lm-c-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ kmam
epw hn[-Øn¬ kΩ¿Z-ß-fpsS ê-a√. fp-sS- k-lm-b-Øm-e-t√- t¢mWnßv \-S \y ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ- Jp¿-B≥- \-S-Øp-∂p-
Bcpw Bscbpw Hcm-i-bhpw ASn-t®¬ °p-∂-Xv-?- H-cp- a-W¬-X-cn-sb-Sp-Øv- t¢m ≠v.- A-Xp- Im-Wp-tºm-tg-°pw- A-‘-am-
]n°p-∂n-√. hfsc kzX-{¥hpw kzO- Wnßv \-S-Øn- ]p-Xn-sb-m-cp- Po-hn-sb- D- b- hn-tcm-[w- \n-an-Øw- A-Xn-t∑¬- Nm-Sn-
hp-ambm-Wv ChnsS CkvemanI ]-T\w ≠m°p-hm≥- I-gn-bp-tam?- h-og- p-∂X- v- bp-‡n-hm-Zn-If - p-sS- B-ib- - ]m-
\S-°p-∂-Xv. ∏-c-Ø-Øn-s≥-d- A-S-bm-f-am-Wv-.- Cu- ]-
Poh-Pm-e-ßsf {kjvSmhv krjvSn®-
Pothm¬]Ø-n-sb-°-p-dn-®p≈ ]cn- cm-a¿-i-ß-fn¬- A-im-kv-{Xo-b-X- K-th-j-
Xn-s\-°p-dn®v Jp¿-B≥ \¬Ip∂ hnhc-
Wma ho£Ww Jp¿B\n\v- FXn-cm-bn- Ww- sN-bvs - X-Sp-°p-hm≥- bp-‡n-hm-Zn-Iƒ-
W-ßsf ss__nƒ ]g-b-\n-baw \¬
cn-°mw. F∂m¬ C°m-cy-Øn¬ imkv \-S-Øn-h-∂- ]-cn-{i-a-ß-sf-√mw- ]-cm-P-b-
Ip∂ hnh-c-W-ß-fp-ambn Xpe-\-s∏-Sp
{Xw C∂pw Ccp-ń¬ Xs∂-bm-W.v \nch[n s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv- sN-bv-Xn-´p-≈-Xv.- -Jp¿-B≥-
Øp-∂X - mWv bp‡nhmZn-If
- psS G‰hpw
XhW sh√p-hn-fn-°-s∏´ Hcp imkv{X h-N-\-ßƒ- ]q¿-W-am-bpw- A-_-≤-ap-‡-
henb sX‰v. Ipi-h≥ Ie-ap-≠m-°-p-∂
\nco-£W- a - mWv Po-thm¬]Øn-sb°-pdn a-m-Wv. Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- [m¿-an-I-\n¿-tZ-i-
Xp-t]mse btlmh a\p-jys\ D≠m-°p-
®v aX-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn- °
- p-∂Xv. ßƒ- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m-\m-hm-Ø-h¿- A-Xv-
Aao-_-bn¬ \n∂v a\p-jy-\n-te°v ]cn- A-im-kv-{Xo-b-am-sW-∂pw- A-Xn-\m¬-
Wmaw k©-cn® Zqc-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈Xv ssZ-hn-I-a-s√-∂-pw kv-Ym-]n-°p-hm≥- ]-cn-
imkv{X-`m-h-\-Iƒ am{X-am-Wv. IrXyam ""Jp¿B≥ Bi-bØ - n\v hncp-≤- {i-an-®n-´p-≠v.- aq-ey-\n-tj-X-Øn-e-[n-jv-Tn-
b hnh-cWw C\nbpw km[y-am-bn-ń-√. ambn \n¿P-oh hkvXp-°-fn¬ X-am-b- X-ß-fp-sS- Po-hn-X-Øn-\v- \ym-bo-
\n∂v Poh≥ D≠m-°m≥ Ign-bp- I-c-Ww- I-s≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\m-bp-≈- hr-Ym-
""Jp¿B≥ Bi-bØ - n\v hncp-≤a - mbn
sa-∂mWv imkv{Xw Is≠-Øn-bn- hy-m-bm-aw- am-{X-am-W-Xv.- Hcp ùXn-I-hm-
\n¿P-oh hkvXp-°-fn¬ \n∂v Poh≥
Zn-bpsS \ne-]m-Sp-I-sf-°mƒ \qdp-i-X-
D≠m-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂mWv imkv{Xw ´p- ≈ - X v . k¶- c - h n- Ø n- \ - ß ƒ
am\w ]q¿W-X-bp≈ icn-I-fmWv Ckv
Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≈X - v. k¶-ch - n-Øn-\ß - ƒ apX¬ t¢mWnßv Pohn- I ƒ emw aX-hn-izm-kn-bp-tS-Xv.
apX¬ t¢mWnßv Pohn-Iƒhsc a\p-jy hsc a\p-jys‚ krjvSn-If- m-Wv ''-
s‚ krjvSn-If - m-W'v '- F-∂,- - h
- n-a¿-iI- s - ≥d- im-kv-{X-cw-K-Øv- {]-h¿-Øn-°m-\pw-
F-∂,- h - n-a¿-iI
- s- ≥d- {]-kX v- m-h\- Kth-j-W-ßƒ- \-S-Øm-\p-w- a-\p-jy-s\-
{]-kX v- m-h\- - hym-tam-lØ - n¬-\n- ∂ - v- D-Ss - e-
Sp-ØX - m-Wv.- B-\b - n¬-\n-∂v- ]m-ds - b-bpw-
hym-tam-l-Øn¬-\-n-∂v- D-S-se-Sp- {]m-]vX - \m-°p-∂- A-Pø - i- ‡
- n-sb- \n-tj-
]m-d-bn¬-\n-∂v- B-\-sb-bpw- D-≠m-°p- Ø-Xm-Wv.- B-\-bn¬-\n-∂v- ]m-d [n-°p-∂X - n¬- F-¥p- bp-‡n-bm-Wp-≈X - v?-
hm≥- im-k{v- X-Øn-\p- I-gn-bpw- F-∂p- - tXm- sbbpw- ]m-d-bn¬-\n-∂v- B-\-sb- im-kv-{X-Øn-s≥d- h-f¿-®- ssZ-h-Øn-s‚-
∂n-t∏m-Ipw- B- hm-°p-I-fn¬- \n-∂v.- Po- bpw- D-≠m-°p-hm≥- im-kv-{X-Øn- I-gn-hn-s‚- A-]m-c-X-sb-°p-dn-®pw- A-¤p-
h≥- t]m-b- H-cp- Ip-™p-dp-ºn-s\-¶n-epw- \p- I-gn-bpw- F-∂-p- tXm-∂n-t∏m- X-I-c-am-b- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ssi-en-sb-°p-dn-
Po-h≥- \¬-Ip-hm≥- tem-IØ - p-≈- k-Ie- ®pw- a-\p-jy-s\- Iq-Sp-X¬- t_m-[h - m-∑mcm-
Ipw- B- hm-°p-I-fn¬- \n-∂v.
am-\- im-kv-{X-⁄-cpw- ap-gp-h≥- ù-Xn-I- °p-I-bm-Wv- sN-øp-∂-Xv.-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 43
A-\p-`-hw-
H-cp- ^n-en-ss∏≥- bp-h-m-hn-s‚-

k-Xy-km-£yw-
ap-kv-X-^m- X≥-ho¿-
k-Xyw- h-∂v- ap-ń-hn-fn-°p-tºmƒ- a-\- n-s‚- kXy-th-Z- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn-s‚- im-k-\-Iƒ-

hm-Xn-ep-Iƒ- a-e¿-s°- Xp-d-∂n-Sm-\p-≈- hn- Abm-sf- A-Xv-`p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn.- hn-{K-lm-cm-[-
\-bh - pw- \n-jvI
- f-¶X - b- p-ap-≈- B¿-°pw- ssZ- \-sb- \n-tcm-[n-°p-∂- ]-gb - \n-ba- h
- N- \- ß- ƒ-
hn-I- a-X-Øn-s‚- am-[p-cyw- A-\p-`-hn-®-dn-bm- B- a-\- n¬ B-tμ-m-f-\-ßƒ- kr-jv-Sn-®p.-
\m-Ip-sa-∂X - n-\v- A-\p-`h - - km-£y-ßs - f-ºm- hn-{K-lm-cm-[-\-tbm-Sp-≈- {]-Xn-tj-[w- \n-an-
Sp-ap-≠v.- {In-kv-Xp-a-X-Øn¬- \n-∂v- {In-kv-Xp- Øw- A-t±-lw- I-tØm-en-°m-k`- - hn-´v- s{]m´-
hn-s‚- a-X-Øn-te-°p-≈- ]-e-m-b-\-Øn-s‚- kv‰≥-dp-Im-c-\m-bn- am-dn,- Xm-a-kn-bm-sX-
IY-I-ƒ- ]-d-bm-\p-≈- A-t\-Iw- ]m-iv-Nm- IpSpw-_-hpw.-
Xy≥- \-h-ap-kv-enw-I-fn¬- H-cm-fm-Wv- tPm-bv.- Cu- k-a-b-sØm-∂pw- tPm-bn-°v- C-kv-em-
^
- n-en-ss∏≥-kn-se- I-Wn-ia - m-b- a-Xt- _m- an-s\-°-p-dn-®v- H-∂pw- A-dn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.-
[w- ]p-e¿-Øp-∂- H-cp- tdm-a≥- I-tØm-en-°m- ]mXn-cn-am-cm-I-s´,- C-kv-em-an-s\-°-p-dn-®v- ]d-
Ip-Spw-_Ø - n-em-Wv- tPm-bv- P-\n-®X - v.- Xn-I® - pw- bm-dp-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p.- "ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- ò-I-c-¿,-
a-X-Io-b-am-b- km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬- h-f¿-∂p-h- Ah-sc- k-ao-]n-°-cp-Xv'- F-∂- ap≥-[m-c-W-
∂- B- _m-e≥- sN-dp-∏w- ap-X¬-t°- N¿-®v- bm-bn-cp-∂p- G-I- "ssI-ap-X¬'.-
]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬- k-Po-h-am-bn-cp-∂p.- Nm-∏¬- I-ºyq-´¿- F-©n-\o-b-dnw-Kn¬- _n-cp-Z-sa-
hr-Øn-bm-°p-∂- k-∂≤ - - tk-hI - \ - pw- ]p-tcm- Sp-Ø- tPm-bv- tPm-en-bm-h-iym¿-Y-w- k-pDu-Zn-
ln-Xs - ‚- k-lm-bn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂- tPm-bv- ssl- A-td-_y-bn-te-°v- hn-am-\w- I-bd - n.- Iq-sS-sbm-
kv-Iqƒ- hn-Zym¿-Y-n-bm-bn-cn-s°- ]-≈n-bn-se- cp- kp-lr-Øp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- s]m-∂n-\pw-
Km-b-I- kw-L-Øn-epw- Aw-K-am-bn.- Kn-Øm- ]W-Øn-\p-a∏ - p-dw- A-td-_y- a-‰v- Nn-eX - v- IqSn-
dpw- ]n-bm-t\m-bpw- A-h-s‚- C-jv-S- hm-tZym- A-h¿-°p-th-≠n- H-cp-°n-sh-®n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-
]-I-c-W-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.- I-\ym-a-dn-b-sØ- kv- ∂p.- ln-Pm-kn-s‚- ]p-Wy-`q-an-bn-em-Wv- A-t±-
t\-ln-t°-≠-Xpw- B-cm-[n-t°-≠-Xpw- F-ß- l-sØ- am-‰n-Øo¿-Ø- kw-`h - ß- ƒ- A-ct- ß-
s\-sb-∂v- hn-i-Z-am-bn- N¿-®- sN-øp-∂- `Le- dn-b-Xv.- H-cp- _m-¶n-em-bn-cp-∂p- tPm-en.- A-d-
gion of Mary' bn-epw- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- Aw- _n- `m-j-tbm-tSm- kw-kv-Im-c-tØm-sSm- tPm-
KXzw- e-`n-®p.- bn-s°m-cp- Xm¬-]c - y-hpw- tXm-∂n-bn-s√-∂v- am-
C- ß - s \- s bm- s °- b m- b n- c p- s ∂- ¶ n- e pw- {X-a-√,- km-aq-ln-I- Po-hn-X-Øn-se- \n-b-{¥-
kzX-{¥-am-b- ss_-_nƒ- ]-T-\-Øn-\p-≈- W-ßƒ- A-tß-b-‰w- izm-kw- ap-ń-°p-∂-
A¥-co-£w- N¿-®n-en-√m-bn-cp-∂p.- ]p-tcm-ln- Xmbn- A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-
X≥- hm-bn-°p-∂- th-Z`- m-Kß - ƒ- tI-ń-cn-°pI- B-bn-sS- H-cp- kw-`-h-ap-≠m-bn.- Z-am-an¬-
am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p- Ip-™m-Sp-I-fp-sS- tPm-en.- \n-∂v- ]-Xn-\-©v- dn-bm¬- Iq-en- ]-d-™v- XmSn-
C-Xn¬-\n-∂v- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-sbm-cp- A-\p-`-hw- h-f¿-Øn-b- H-cp- A-d-_n-bp-sS- h-≠n-bn¬-
tPm-bn-°p-≠m-Ip-∂X - v- H-cp- s{]m-´k - ‰ v- ‚ v- ]cn- Ib-dn-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- tPm-bv.- kv-Y-e-sØ-Øn-
]m-Sn-bn¬- sh-®m-Wv.- A-hn-sS- Hm-tcm-cp-Ø- b-t∏mƒ- h-≠n-°m-c≥- `m-hw- am-‰n- Iq-Sp-X¬-
cp-sS-bpw- I-øn¬- ss_-_n-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- {]-Xn-^-ew- B-h-iy-s∏-´p.- tIm-]m-Ip-e-\m-b-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 44
tPm-b-v tNm-Zn-®p-t]m-bn,- ""H-∂p-an-s√-¶n¬- \nß tPm-bn-°v- C-cn-°-s∏m-dp-Xn-bn-√m-Xm-bn-;- Zo-Zm-
ƒ- A-©v- k-a-bw- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- ap-ºn¬- ap-´p- Øn-s‚- hm-Za - p-\I - s - f- {]-Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\m-Im-
Ip-Øp-∂-h-\-t√''- F-∂v.- {]-Xn-I-c-Ww- Biv- sX- \n-∂- ^m-Z¿- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- ap-ºn-semcp-
N-cy-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p-!- ]-S-®-h-s\ H-m¿-a-- h-∂- tNm-Zy-Nn-lv-\-am-Ip-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- Jp¿-B-\n-
A-d_ - n- ]-d™ - - Iq-en- am-{Xw- hm-ßn- a-Sß - nt∏m s‚- Cw-•o-jv- ]-cn-`m-j- e-`n-®-tXm-sS- ]-T-\w-
I
- p-∂X - v- A-t±-lw- \n¿-∂n-ta-j\ - m-bn- t\m°n- Xz-cn-X-K-Xn-bn-em-bn.- "em- C-Iv-dm-l-^n-±o≥'-
\n-∂p-˛]-ctem-I- hn-izm-kØ - n-\v- apkve - nw- Po- F-∂- B-i-b-apƒ-s°m-≠n-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v-
hn-X-Øn¬- F-¥p-am-{Xw- h-enb- kzm-[o-\- apkve - nw- kp-lr-Øp-°ƒ- H-cp- a-X] - c- n-h¿-Ø-
ap-s≠-∂v- A-bm-f-dn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- \-Øn-\v- X-s∂- \n¿-_-\v-[n-®n-cp-∂n-s√-∂v-
Cw-•o-jv- \-∂m-bn- ssI-Im-cyw- sN-øp-am- tPm-bv- A-\p-kv-a-cn-°p-∂p.-
bn-cp-∂p- tPm-bn-bp-sS- kq-∏¿-ssh-k¿- A-_v- tb-ip- ssZ-h-a-√- F-∂pw- ss_-_nfn¬--
Zp-√.- H-cn-°¬- kw-km-c-Øn-\n-sS- A-_v-Zp-√- ssI-{In-b-Iƒ- \-S-∂n-´p-≠v- F-∂pw- t_m-[y-
"Po-k-kv'- F-∂v- ]-d-™-t∏mƒ- A-Xv-`p-X-]- a-m-b-tXm-sS- {In-kv-Xp-a-Xa-√- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚-
c-X-{¥-\m-b- tPm-bn-bp-sS- a-dp-tNm-Zyw-˛ ""R- a-Xs- a-∂- Xn-cn-®d - n- h
- n-te-°v- B- a-\ - v- \oßn.-
ß-fp-sS- ssZ-h-am-b- tb-ip-hn-s\- \n-ß-sf- am-\p-jn-I- I-c-hn-cp-Xp-I-fn¬- \n-∂v- ap-Iv-X-a-
ß-s\-b-dn-™p?''.- √m-Ø- H-cp- {K-\Y -v w- {]-Zm-\w- sN-øp-∂- BZ¿i
A-{_-lm-apw- t\m-lb - pw- tam-si-bpw- tb- -ßƒ- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw- {]-am-Z-ap-Iv-X-am-bncn-
ip-hp-sam-s°- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS- {]-hm-N-I-∑m- °n-s√-∂X - -v B- bp-hm-hn-s\- A-kz-kY v \m°n.-
cm-sW-∂-v A-_Z-v p-√- hn-iZ- o-Ic - n-®p-sImSpØp.- P-∑-]m-]-Øn-s‚-bpw- {Xn-tb-I -ssZ-h-
ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- G-I-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I-cm-sW-∂p- k¶¬-]-Øn-s‚-bpw- Du-cm-°p-Sp-°p-I-sfm-
t]m-epw- tPm-bv- A-dn-bp-∂-Xv- A-t∏m-gm-Wv.- ∂p-an-√m-Ø- ssZ-hn-I- a-Xw- t{]m-Pz-e-{]-Im-
a-Kc-v n-_n-s‚-bpw- kp-_l -v n-s‚-bpw- k-ab - Øn\v- i-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn- A-t±-ls - Ø- am-Sn-hn-fn-®p.- "em-
kq-cy-s≥-d- D-Zb - m-kvX - a - \
- ß- f - p-am-bp-≈- _\v- C-em-l- C-√-√m-lv'- F-∂- hn-ip-≤- h-N-\w-
[-Øn¬-\n-∂v- A-t±-lw- a-\- n-em-°n-sh-®n- tPm-bn-bp-sS- a-\- -n-s\- kw-Xr-]v-X-am-°n,-
cp-∂X - v- ap-ke v- nw-Iƒ- kq-cym-cm-[I - c- m-sW-∂m- Npa-en-se- `m-cß - f - n- d
- °
- n-sh-®p.- kw-ip-≤a - mb-
Wv!- - C-ke v- m-an-s\-°p-dn-®v- ]-Tn-°m-\p-≈- Xocp- G--I-ssZ-h- hn-izm-kw- h-f-sc-th-Kw- A-bmƒ-
am-\-hp-am-bm-Wv- B- kw-`m-j-Ww- A-t±-lw- °pƒ-s°m-≈-m-\m-bn.- Xm-a-kn-bm-sX- B-
A-h-km-\n-∏n-®-Xv.- Pq-X-˛ss{I-kv-X-h-˛C-kv- \mhv- i-lm-Z-Øv- I-en-a- sNm-√n.-
em-an-I- Z¿-i-\-ß-sf- Xm-c-X-ay-Øn-\v- hn-t[- A-∂p-ap-X¬- H-cp- ]p-Xn-b- a-\p-jy-\m-hp-
b-am-°m≥- B- k-Xym-t\z-jn- \n-iv-N-bn-®p.- I-bm-bn-cp-∂p- tPm-bv.- kzm-en-lv- F-∂- t]-cv-
a-XX - m-cX - a - y- ]-T\ - Ø- n-\p-th-≠n- At±lw- kzo-I-cn-®v- ^-Pv¿- \-a-kv-I-cn-°m-\m-bn- ]n-t‰-
]p-kv-X-I-ßƒ- hm-bn-°m≥- Xp-S-ßn.- ss_- ∂p-X-s∂- ]-≈n-bn-se-Øn.- ap-´p-Ip-Øn- in-c-
_nƒ- D-≤-cn-®p-sIm-≠v- tb-ip-hn-s‚- Zn-hy-Xz- v- X-db - n¬-sh-®v- k¿-hi - I- X
v- \
- v- ap-ºn¬- k¿-
sØ- \n-tj-[n-°p-I-bpw- {]-hm-N-I-Xz-sØ- h-hpw- k-a¿-∏n-®v- kp-Pq-Zn¬- In-S-∂-t∏mƒ-
kvY- m-]n-°p-Ib - pw- sN-øp-∂- Ir-Xn-If - p-ap-≠m- e`n-®- \n¿-hr-Xn- A-hm-Ny-am-sW-∂m-Wv- kzm-
bn-cp-∂p- Iq-´-Øn¬.- A-ß-s\- C-kv-em-an-s\- en-lv- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- Jp¿-B≥- ]m-cm-b-Ww-
°-p-dn-®v- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]-Tn-°m-\m-bn- tPm-bv- Nne- sNøp-∂-Xv- h-i-am-°n-b- kzm-en-lv- {]-hm-N-
C-kv-em-an-I- tI-{μ-ß-sf- k-ao-]n-®p.- A-hn-S- Im-[ym-]\ - ß - s - f- I-Wn-ia - m-bn- ]n-¥p-Sc - p-∂p.-
ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- e-`n-®- ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fpw- ss_- sN-dp-Xpw- h-ep-Xp-am-b- Po-hn-X- cw-K-ß-
_n-fpw- ap-∂n¬-sh-®p-sIm-≠v- {In-kv-Xym-\n- fn¬- a-X-sØ- {]-tbm-K-h¬-°-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-
I-sf- I-_f - n-∏n-°m≥- ap-kve - nw- F-gp-Øp-Im¿- cn-°p-I-bm-Wv- Cu- ]p-Xp-hn-izm-kn-bn-t∏mƒ.-
\-SØ - n-b- "Xn-cn-ad - n-Iƒ'- sh-fn-®Ø - v- sIm-≠p- ]n-bm-t\m-bpw- Kn-Øm-dpw- ]-en-i- kv-Ym-]-\-
h-cm-\m-bn- ]n-s∂-bp-≈- {i-aw.- a-\- v- A-\v- hp-sam-s°- Po-hn-X-Øn¬-\n-∂v- hn-S-hm-ßn.-
[-a√ - m-Xn-cp-∂X - p-sIm-≠v- Iq-e¶ - i - a- m-b- hna¿- ]p-Xn-sbm-cp- I-º-\n-bn¬- F-©n-\o-b-dm-bn-
i-\- ]-T-\w- k-Xy-Øn-te-°v- \-bn-®p.- ss_- Po-hn-°p-∂- Cu- ^n-en-ss∏≥- bp-hm-hv- kam-
_nƒ- h-N-\-ßƒ- X-ßƒ-s°m-Øv- h-f-°p- [m-\N - n-Ø\ - pw- k-t¥m-jh - m-\p-am-Wv.- ssZhn-
I-tbm- hn-f° - p-It- bm- sN-øm-sX- A-∏S- n- D≤- I- k-tμ-i-Øn-s‚- am-[p-cyw- \p-I-cp-I-bpw-
cn-°p-I- am-{X-am-Wv- B- te-J-\-ßƒ- sN-bv- ]-I-cp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xv- kzm-en-lv- am-Xr-I-bm-
Xn-cp-∂X - v.- A-la v- Z- v- Zo-Zm-Øpw- H-cp-- {In-kX v- y≥- Ip-∂p.- saleh-echon@hotmail.com F-∂-
an-j-\-dn-bpw- X-Ωn¬- \-S-∂- kw-hm-Z-Øn-s‚- C˛sa-bn-en¬- Cu- k-tlm-Z-c-\p-am-bn- _-\v-
ho-Un-tbm- {]-Z¿-i-\w- Iq-Sn- I-≠-tXm-Sp-IqSn- [-s∏-Smw.-
-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 45
lPvPv
H-cp- A-Xp-ey- Xo¿-Y-m-S-\w-
A-_v-Z-p¬- J-m-en-Jv-
C kv e manI I¿am\pjv T m\ßfn¬ bpw kzbw ssZhambn Na™ncp∂

Ahkm\tØXmWv lPv P v . "Xo¿Y- \wdqZv cmPmhns≥d ZnhyXz \mSyØn
bm{X' F∂¿Y-w hcp∂ lPvPpsIm≠v s\Xnscbpw iIvXamb {]XnIcn°pI
a°bnse ssZh aμncamb IAv_bn hgn kz¥w \mń¬ At±lw A\`naX
te°p≈ Xo¿YmS\hpw AtXmS\p_ \mbn. hn{Kl]qPsb FXn¿Øpsh∂
\v[n® I¿aßfpamWv kmt¶XnIambn ImcWØm¬ kz¥w kaqlsamcp°nb
hnh£n°p∂Xv. kmºØnIhpw imco AKv \ nIpWv T Øn¬ At±lw Fdn
cnIhpamb Ignhpw {]m]v X nbpap≈ bs∏´p. _lpssZhhnizmknIsfmcp
h¿°v PohnXØnsemcn°¬ lPvPpsN °nb NnXbn¬ \n∂v AXy¤pXI
ø¬ \n¿_‘amWv. C°mcyØnte°v cambn At±lsØ A√mlp c£s∏Sp
hnc¬ Nq≠p∂ Jp¿B≥ kqIvXßƒ Øn. hm¿[- I yØn¬ X\n°p≠mb
{i≤n°pI: ""Xo¿®bmbpw a\pjy¿°p th≠n BZyambn \n¿an°s∏´ aμnc Ip™ns\bpw `mcysbbpw BƒXma
th- ≠ n kv Y m]n°s∏´ H∂masØ Ønte°p≈ bm{XbmWv. AhnsS \n¿ kan√mØ a°macp`qanbn¬ Dt]£n®p
Bcm[\maμncw _°'bn¬ D≈Xs{X; hln°s∏Sp∂Xv GI\mb {kjvSm t]mcWsa∂ ssZhØns≥d BPvR
A\p{KloXambpw temI¿°v am¿KZ¿ hn\v am{Xap≈ Bcm[\bmWv. AhnS A\pkcn°pI hgn GXp hn[Ønep≈
i\ambpw. AXn¬ hyIvXamb ZrjvSm sØ I¿aßƒ GIssZhmcm[\°v XymKØn\pw Xm≥ XbmdmsW∂v At±
¥ßfp≠v; C_vdmlow \n∂ kvYew. th≠n \nesIm≠Xn\m¬ XymKßƒ lw sXfnbn®p. Xt∂msSm∏w klmbn
B¿ AhnsS {]thin°p∂pthm Ah≥ klnt°≠nh∂ alØp°fpsS kvac °m≥ {]mbamb GIaI\mbncp∂
\n¿`b\mbncn°p∂XmWv. B aμnc W ]pXp°pI hgn {]kvXpX am¿KØn Ckv a m- C uens\ ssZham¿KØn¬
Øn¬ FØnt®cm≥ Ignhp≈ a\pjy¿ ¬ kzbw ka¿∏n°m≥ apkvenwIƒ°v _enbdp°Wsa∂ I¬]- \ bp≠m
AXnte°v Xo¿Y-mS\w \SØ¬ Ah {]tNmZ\amIp∂p. bt∏mƒ H´pw ssha\kyan√msX AXv
¿°v A√mlpthmSp≈ _m[yXbm GIssZhmcm[\bpsS {]NmcI\m A\pkcn°m\t±lw Xbmdmbn. {]kv
Ip∂p. h√h\pw Ahnizkn°p∂ bn Pohn°pIbpw {]kvXpX am¿KØn¬ XpX ]co£WØnepw hnPbn® At±
]£w A√mlp temIcpsS B{iban Gsd XymKw kln°pIbpw ssZhØn ltØmSv aIs\ _enbdpt°≠Xns√
√mØh\mIp∂p'--'(3:-96,-97).- s≥d ]co£Wßfnse√mw hnPbn°p ∂pw ]Icw Hcp BSns\ AdpØm¬
a‰p aXßfpsS Xo¿Y-bm{XIfn¬ Ibpw sNbvXv "ssZhtXmg≥' F∂ aXnsb∂pw ssZhw I¬]n®p. Cßs\
\n∂v XnI®pw `n∂amWv Ckvemanse A]c\maØn\v A¿l\mb C_vdm Xs≥d PohnXsØbpw IpSpw_sØ
lPvPv. alm∑mcpsS ihIpSocßfnte low \_n( )bpsS PohnXØnse bpsa√mw {kjvSmhn\v ka¿∏n°pI
t°m Ah¿ Bcm[n°s∏Sp∂ kvYe hyXykvX kw`hßfpambn _\v[s∏´ hgn ssZhkmao]yØn\v A¿l\mb
ßfntet°m D≈ bm{XsbbmWv ]e XmWv lPvPnse {][m\ I¿aßsf√mw. alm\mb C_v-d-mloan()s≥d amXr
aXßfpw Xo¿Y-bm{Xbmbn ImWp∂Xv. hn{Klhn¬]\°mcs≥d aI\mbn I ]n¥pScm\mWv hnip≤ Jp¿B≥
Ckvemw ITn\ambn \ntcm[n®n´p≈ P\n® At±lw hn{Klmcm[\bpsS a\pjytcmSv Blzm\w sNøp∂Xv .
_lpssZhmcm[\bpambn _\v[s∏´ A¿Y-an√mbvasb°pdn®v kz¥w ]nXm "kZvhrØ\mbns°m≠v Xs≥d apJ
I¿aßfmWv {]kvXpX Xo¿Y-bm{X hnt\mSv kwkmcn°pI hgn kzKrl sØ A√mlphn\v Iogvs∏SpØpIbpw
Ifn¬ ]eXnepapƒs°m≈p∂Xv . Øn¬ \n∂v ]pdØm°s∏´p. \mń¬ t\¿ am¿KØnepd®p\n∂psIm≠v
lPvPmIs´ GIssZhmcm[\°v \SamSnbncp∂ hn{Kl]qPs°Xnsc C_v d mloans≥d am¿KsØ ]n¥pS
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 46
cpIbpw sNbXhs\°mƒ DØa eßfn¬ \ns∂Øp∂h¿°v hnhn[ °mb apkv e nwIƒ a°bn¬ HØp
aX°mc≥ Bcp≠v? A√mlp C_vdm kvYeßƒ Clvdman\p th≠n \nivN tNcp∂p. Htc thjw, Htc kzcw. a\
loans\ kplrØmbn kzoIcn®n bn°s∏ń´p≠v. Clvdman¬ {]thin® n¬ ssZht_m[w am{Xw. Np≠n¬
cn°p∂p.-' ]pcpj≥ Hcp ap≠v DSp°pIbpw as‰m ssZhkvtXm{Xßƒ. ChnsS D®\oNXz
Cßs\bp≈ C_v d mlow \_n ∂v ]pX°pIbpw sNøphm≥ am{Xta ßfn√. tZiobXbpsSbpw {]mtZinIX
()bpsS kv a cWbp≠m°pI hgn ]mSp≈q. a‰p hkv{Xßƒ D]tbmKn bpsSbpw AXn¿hcºpIfn√. IdpØ
XymKØn\pw A¿∏WØn\pw P\ß °phm≥ ]mSn√. kv{XobmIs´ apJhpw h\pw shfpØh\pw XΩn¬ A¥cß
sf k∂≤am°pIbmWv lPvPnse I¿ ap≥ssIbpsamgn® `mKßsf√mw ad®n sfm∂pan√. apXemfnbpw sXmgn
aßƒ sNøp∂Xv. lPvPns≥d tI{μ cn°Ww. lPv P n¬ {]thin®p Ign emfnbpw XssYh. F√mhcpw Htc
amb a°bnse IAv_m tZhmebw ™h¿ "\mYm, Rm\nXm \ns≥d k∂n thjØn¬ k¿hiIvXs≥d kvXpXnIo
GIssZhmcm[\°pth≠n BZyambn [m\Øn¬. \n\°v ]¶pImcn√. F√m ¿Ø\ßfme]n®psIm≠v Htc I¿a
kvYm]n°s∏´ tKlamsW∂p ]d™p kv X pXnbpw A\p{Klßfpw cmP ßƒ sNøp∂p. ChnsS Ckvemw ]Tn
ht√m. Cu tKlsØ Np‰nbmbncp∂p Xzhpw \n\°p≈XmWv' F∂v Bh¿ ∏n°p∂ kmtlmZcyØns≥d {]ISnX
a\pjyNcn{Xamcw`n®Xv F∂v A`n{]m Øn®p ]d™psIm≠ncn°p∂p. Clv cq]w \ap°v ZriyamIp∂p. AtXmsSm
bap≈ Ncn{X]finX∑mcp≠v. skan dmw, Ad^bnse HØptNc¬, IAv_m ∏w F√m a\pjycpw Hcpan®p IqSp∂
‰nIv kwkvImcØns≥d {]mcw`tI{μw {]Z£nWw, k^m a¿hm Ip∂pIƒ°n ]ctemIsØ hnNmcW\mfns\°pdn®v
a°bmbncp∂psh∂v `mjm]finX∑m Sbnse Hm´w, apSnsbSp°¬, apkvZen t_m[w F√mhcnepap≠m°phm\pw
cn¬ ]ecpw A`n{]mbs∏ń´p≠v. GXm ^bnse cm]-m¿°¬, an\mbnse It√dv, Cu HØptNc¬ DXIp∂p.
bncp∂mepw hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ a°m ]´ an\mbnse cm]-m¿°¬, hnShmß¬ lPvPpt]meØs∂bp≈ Hcp
WsØ "]´WßfpsS amXmhv' (DΩp¬ {]Z£nWw XpSßnb I¿aßfnse√mw ]pWyI¿aamWv Dwd. GItZiw lPvPn
Jpdm) F∂mWv hnfn®ncn°p∂Xv. CXn ssZhØn\v kIeXpw ka¿∏n°p∂Xn se I¿aßƒ Xs∂bmWv Ddwbnepap
¬ \n∂v \mKcnIXIfpsS Bhn¿`mhw \p≈ k∂≤XbpsS {]IS\ßfmWp ≈Xv. CXv kab_\v[nXa√. Ft∏mƒ
a°m]´Whpambn _\v [ s∏´mWv ≈Xv. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ lPvPvI¿aw
thWsa¶nepw \n¿hln°mhp∂XmWv.
D≠mbn´p≈sX∂mWv a\ nem°p Ignbp∂tXmSpIqSn GsXmcmfpw ]iv
NmØm]t_m[ap≈h\pw ]m]hncIvX lPvPneqsS t\SnsbSp°p∂ BXva
∂Xv. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂bmhWw GI
\pambn amdp∂p. lvPvPv Ignbp∂tXm hnip≤n AXnalØcamWvv. Jp¿B≥
ssZhmcm[\°pth≠n \n¿an°s∏´
SpIqSn Abmƒ ap≥Ime]m]ßfn¬ ]dbp∂p: "lPvPv Imew Adnbs∏´
BZysØ tKlw a°bnembXv. Cu
\n∂v apIvXn t\Sp∂p. {]khn°s∏´ amkßfmIp∂p. B amkßfn¬ Bsc
tKlØn\v ]‰nb tISp]mSpIƒ Xo¿
Ip™ns\t∏mse \njv I f¶\mbn ¶nepw lPvPv I¿aØn¬ {]thin®m¬
°pIbpw ]p\cp≤cn°p Ibpw sNøpI
amdp∂p. {]hmNI≥ () ]d™p: ""hm ]n∂oSvv kv{Xo]pcpjkwk¿Ktam Zp¿
bmWv C_vdmlow () sNbvXXv.
°ntem {]hrØnbntem A«oew hcm hrØntbm hgt°m lPvPn∂nSbn¬
lPvPnse I¿aßsf√mw a\pjy ]mSp≈X√. \nßƒ GsXmcp k¬{]
sXbpw sXΩmSnØw {]h¿Øn°msX
kmtlmZcysØbpw kaXzsØbpw hrØn sNbvXncp∂meqw A√mlp AX
bpw Bsc¶nepw A√mlphn\v lPvPv
{]Xn\n[oIcn°pIbpw ssZht_m dnbp∂h\mWv . (lPv P n\v t]mhp
sNbvXm¬ Ah≥ amXmhns≥d hb‰n
[hpw XymKk∂≤Xbpw hf¿Øp tºmƒ) \nßƒ bm{X°p≈ hn`hßƒ
¬\n∂p ]nd∂p hoW ZnhkØnse∂
Ibpw sNøp∂p. Zp¬lPv P v amkw Hcp°nt∏mhpI. F∂m¬ bm{X°p
t]msebmbncn°pw'-'- (_p-Jm-cn,-ap-ke
- v- nw).-
F´mw XobXn apX¬°mcw`n°p∂ th≠ hn`hßfn¬ G‰hpw DØaam
- lPv P v \S°p∂ Zp¬l÷v amk
lPvPpI¿aßƒ ]Xnaqt∂mSpIqSn Ah bXv kq£vaXbmIp∂p. _p≤nimen
ambm¬ temIapkvenwIfpsSsb√mw
km\n°p∂p. Hcp Xo¿Y-mSI≥ lPvPn¬ Isf, \nßsfs∂ kq£n®p Pohn°pI''-
{i≤mtI{μambn a°m]´Ww amdp∂p.
{]thin°p∂Xv Clvdman¬ {]thin (2:-197).-
ssZh\maw D®cn°p∂ e£°W
°p∂tXmSpIqSnbmWv. hyXykvX kvY
(B-Xv-ao-b- Im-]-Sy-ß-fpw........-- 29¬- \n-∂v- Xp-S¿-®-)-
10.- ]q-Pm- B‚ v- a-{¥m-kv.- Im-\n-_ƒ- sska¨,- °¿,- sl-cn-t‰-Pv- ]-ªn-t°-j≥-kv,- I¬-°-Ø- 1989.- 21.- ^n-tem-k-^n- Hm-^v- F-Iv-kn-kv-‰≥-kv-:- t]Pv-
en-hnw-Kv- ao-Un-b,- ]m-co-kv,- 2002 t]-Pv- 13˛14.- 16.- tbm-K- B‚ v- im-kv-{X-˛ F- k-b‚n--^n-Iv- sS-kv- 113˛114˛ tUm.- tam-dn-k¨- s{^-bn-k¿,- \yq- F≥-
11.- tbm-K- B‚ v- im-kv{- X-˛F- k-b≥-dn-^n-Iv- sSkv‰n ‰n-a-Wn- t]Pv- 78˛79.- sse-‰v-sa‚ v- P¿-a-\n,- 1999.-
a-Wn- t]-Pv- 22˛24.- P-K-Zo-iz¿- {]-km-Zv,- slcnt‰Pv- 17.- tbm-K-im-kv-{X- B‚ v- B≥-ky‚ v- a-\p-kv{In-]v- 22.- ^n-tem-k-^n- Hm-^v- F-Iv-kn-kv-‰≥-kv,- t]Pv- 201.-
]-ª-n-t°-j≥-kv,- I¬-°-Ø-˛2000.- ‰z-kv,- t ]-Pv- 30˛35,- hn-jvW
- p- {]-km-Zv- Kp-]vX - ,- {]bmK- 23.- kv-]n-cn-®zm-en-‰n- C≥- C-kv-emw-:- t]Pv- 48,- s{]m-
12.- tbm-K- B‚ v- im-kv-{X-˛F- k-b≥-dn-^n-Iv- sS-kv- ]-ªn-t°-j≥-kv,- hm-c-Wm-kn,- 1998.- ^.- A-la v- Z- v- A-ke
v- w,- sk-©z-dn- _p-Ik
v- v,- em-tlm¿,-
‰n-a-Wn,- t]-Pv- 5,- 6,- 7.- 18.- A-tX- Ir-Xn-:- t]-Pv- 98˛99.- 1985.-
13.- C-¥y-:- F- em‚ v- Hm-^v- Un-ssh-\n-‰n,- t]-Pv- 42,- 19.- kv-]n-cn-®zm-en-‰n- B‚ v- C-¥y≥- Iƒ-®¿-:- t]Pv- 24.- ln-μp-bn-kw- B‚ v- kv-]n-cn-®z¬- B-kv-s]-Iv-‰vkv-
ln-tX-iz¿- ssk-°n-b,- A-c-_n-tμm- ]-ªn-t°j≥ 40˛41.- s{]m-^. ln-c¨-ab - v- ]m-Wvt- U,- {]-bmK- ]ªn- t]-Pv- 62˛63,- tUm.- hn-izm-\-μ- Z-h-Zm-kv,- sl-cn-t‰-Pv-
kv,- \yq-U¬-ln- 1995.- t°-j≥-kv,- hm-c-Wm-kn,-1998.- ]-ªn-t°-j≥-kv,- I¬-°-Ø.-
14.- C-¥y-:- Zn- em≥-dv- Hm-^v- Un-ssh-\n-‰n,- t]Pv-69.- 20.- X-{¥-˛Z- B≥-ky‚ v- h-¿j - n-]k
v- v- t]-Pv- 304,- BNm- 25.- t{]m-ªw-kv- Hm-^v- C-¥y≥- Iƒ-®¿,- t]-Pv- 143˛144,-
15.- k-b≥-dn-^n-Iv- sl-cn-t‰-Pv- Hm--^v- B≥-ky‚ v- C cy- P-K-Zv-hn-XoXv- a-l¬-°¿,- ssk-\v-[-h- en‰-td- tUm¨-s{^-§n-b¿,- kv-‰p-´v-K¿-´v,- 1998.
¥y-:- hm-fyw- III t]-Pv- 130˛132,- tKm-]o-N-μv \n-l¬- ®¿- skm-ssk-‰n,- ]q-\- 1992.-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 47
A-_q-A-ao≥-
H-Sp-hn¬- I-ew- D-S-bv-°-cp-X- v
""\n-ß-fn¬- H-cmƒ-°v- Cu-Ø-∏-\-I-fpw- ap-¥n-cn-h-≈n-I-fp-ap-≈- H-cp- tXm-´-ap-s≠-∂v- I-cp-XpI.-
A-h-bp-sS- Xm-gv-`m-K-Øp-Iq-Sn- A-cp-hn-Iƒ- H-gp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- F-√m-X-cw- Im-bv-I-\n-I-
fpw- A-bmƒ-°-Xn-ep-≠v.- A-bmƒ-°m-I-s´- hm¿-[-Iyw- _m-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-bmƒ-°- v- Zp¿-_-e-
cm-b- Ip-sd- k-¥m-\-ß-fp-ap-≠-v. A-t∏m-g-Xm- Xo-tbm-Sp-I-q-Sn-b- H-cp- Np-g-en-°m-‰v- A-Xn-∂p- _m-
[n-®v- A-Xv- I-cn-™p-t]m-Ip-∂p.- C-Ø-cw- H-cp- kv-Yn-Xn-bn-em-bmIm≥- \n-ß-fm-sc-¶n-epw- B-{K-
ln-°p-tam?- \n-ßƒ- Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n- C-{]-Im-cw- A-√m-lp- sX-fn-hp-Iƒ- hn-h-cn-®p-
Xcp-∂p'' (2:- 226)
\√- s X∂v tXm∂p∂ Imcy- ß ƒ Wv. CØcw k¬I¿aßƒt° A√m- ≠n- [-\w- sN-e-hv- sN-øp-∂-h-s\-t∏m-se-
sNøp∂hcmWv a\p-jy¿ s]mXp-hn-¬-. lp-hns‚ AwKo-Im-chpw {]oXnbpw {]Xn- \n-ß-fm-I-cp-Xv.- A-h-s\-- D-]-an-°m-hp-∂-
Aß-s\-bp≈ I¿a-ßƒ sNøp-tºmƒ ^-ehpw e`n-°p-I-bp-≈q. Xv- ap-If
- n¬- A-ev] - w- a-Æv- am-{X-ap- ≈
- - an\p-
]ecpw ]e-Xp-amWv e£y-am-°p-∂-Xv. CØcw \n_-‘-\-I-sfms° ]men- k-ap-≈- H-cp- ]m-d-tbm-Sm-Ip-∂p.- B- ]m-d-
Nne¿ Xß- f psS kplr- Ø p- I - f psS ®p-sIm-≠p≈ I¿aßƒ Xs∂ Ah- ta¬- I-\-Ø- H-cp- a-g- ]-Xn-®p.- B- a-g-
AwKo- I mcw e`n- ° p- h - m ≥,- a‰p- N n- e ¿ bpsS A¥- - Ø °v \nc- ° mØ A-Xn-s\- H-cp- sam-´-∏m-d-bm-°n- am-‰n-°-f-
Xs‚ tase-bp-≈-h¿ {]iw-kn®p ]d-bp- {]h¿Ø\ßfn-eqsS hn^-e-am-Im-Xn-cn- ™p.- A-h¿- A-[z-m-\n-®-Xn-s≥-d- bm-sXm-
h-m≥,- thsdNne¿ Bfp-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ °m≥ hnizm-kn-Iƒ kZm PmK-cq-I-cm-bn- cp- ^-e-hpw- I-c-kv-Y-am-°p-hm≥- A-h¿-°v-
AXns‚ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sm\pw a-‰pw-! cn-°-W-sa∂pw Jp¿B≥ D]-tZ-in-°p- I-gn-™n-√.......''- (2: 264).-
C-ßs\ hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb Imcy-ßƒ ∂p. ]Ie¥n-tbmfw sh≈w tImcn-bn´v hnim- e - a mb ssZhn- I m- \ p- { K- ß ƒ
{]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ°v {]tNm-ZI - a
- m-Im- d
- p-≠v. k‘ym ka-bØv B IpSw X®p-S° - p∂ Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w a‰p-≈-h¿°v
F∂m¬ Ckv e mw ]Tn- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ Xv \ne-]mSv Hcp kXy-hn-izm-kn-°p≠m Ah- b n- e qsS \∑ {]Zm\w sNøm≥
ssZh{]oXnbpw ]c-temI tam£-hp-am- bnIqSm F∂¿Y-w. AØcw sshcp-[-ym- km[n-°p-tºm-g-mWv AXn-eqsS ssZh-
bn-cn-°Ww BXy-¥nI e£y-sa-∂m-Wv. [n-jvT-nX \ne-]mSv Jp¿B≥ hne-°p-I- Øn-\p≈ \μn-{]-I-S\w km¿Y-I-am-hp-
Bcpw ImWp-Ibpw hne-a-Xn-°p-Ibpw bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv:- ∂-Xv. F∂m¬ B A\p-{K-l-ßƒ D]-
sNbvXn-s√-¶n-epw, Bcp-sSbpw AwKo-Im- tbm-Kn-®v- a‰p-≈-hsc D]-{Z-hn-°p-∂-h¿
""D-d-t∏m-sS- \q¬-\q-‰-ti-jw- X-s≥-d-
chpw {]iw- k bpw Inń- b n- s √- ¶ nepw ]c-tem-IØv I¿a-ßƒ hn\-jvSa - m-Ip∂
\q¬- ]-e- C-gI - f
- m-°n- ]n-cn-bp-S®- p-If - ™
- -
k¬I¿a-ßƒ A\p-jvTn-°p-hm-\mWv
H-cp- kv-{Xo-sb-t∏m-se- \n-ßƒ- B-I- lX`mKy-ambncn°p-sa∂v \_n(-) ]Tn-
Ckv-emw- ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. \mem-fp-Iƒ ∏n-®n-´p-≠v.
cpXv.........''- (16:92).-
ImWs´ F∂ hnNm-c-tØmsSbp≈
\∑- I ƒ°v tijw Xn∑- b n- t e°v hnip≤ da-Zm-\ns‚ Zn\-cm-{X-ßƒ
I¿a-ßƒ {]I-S\]c-X-bpsS `mK-am-b-
Xs∂ Xncn®p t]mIp-∂Xpw \∑-sN- \∑-sIm≠v Ae-¶-cn®v PohnXw [\y-am-
Xn-\m¬ A-Xv- Xn∑bpw ssZh {]oXn°v
bvXXv FSpØp ]d™v Ah-bpsS KpW- °m≥ {ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ kXy-hn-izm-
A¿l-a√ - m-ØX- p-amWv F∂-XmWv {]hm-
t`m-‡m-°sf t\mhn-°p-∂Xpw Ckvemw kn-Iƒ C°mcyw {]tXyIw {i≤n-t°-
NI A[-ym-]-\w. A{]-Imcw Xs∂ \√-
hne-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Jp¿B≥ ]d-bp-∂p:- ≠-Xp-≠v. A√m-sb-¶n¬ t\mºpw Jnbm-
sX∂v kzbw tXm∂n-b-Xp-sIm≠v am{X-
ap-ss√ep(cm{Xn\a-kvIm-cw)sams° ]ń-
am-bn-√;- AXn\v ssZh-Zq-X-\mb apl- ""k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-tf,- sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv-
Wnbpw Dd°samgn-°epw am{X-ambn
ΩZv\_n(-)bn¬- amXr-I-bp-≠m-h-Ww. FSp-Øp-]-d-™p-sIm-≠pw- i-ey-ap-≠m-
Ah-ti-jn-°pw.
F{]-Im-c-amWv B I¿aa\p-jvTn-t°- °n-s°m-≠pw- \n-ßƒ- \n-ß-fp-sS- Zm-\-
≠Xv F∂p≈ cq]hpw tImehpw a‰p- [¿-aß - s - f- \n-j^ v- e
- a
- m-°n-°f - b- c
- p-Xv.- A- A√mlp A\p-{K-ln-°s´! Bao≥.
sams° a\- n- e m- t °- ≠ Xpw Ahn- √m-lp-hn-epw- ]-c-tem-I-Øn-epw- hn-izm-k-
SpsØ amXr-I-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em- an-√msX,- P-\-ß-sf- Im-Wn-°p-hm≥- th-
2005 \-hw-_¿-- 48

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]p-kv-X-I-w- c-≠-v / e-°w- A-©v-/ 2005 \-hw--_¿-- -/1426 i-Δm¬-

4 hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS- kw-hm-Zw- Jp¿-B-\n-s‚- bm-Ym¿-Y-yw:--

Internet Edition: http://www.nicheoftruth.org/samvadam

"C-kv-em-an-I- {]-t_m-[-\-c-K-Øv- {]-h-m-N-I-∑m-cpw- A-\p-bm-bn-I-fpw- kzo-I-cn-®- A-tX- coXn-

tSm-_n- se-kv-‰-dp-sS- "F-¥m-Wv- Jp¿-B-

Xv- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.- bp-‡n-am-\pw- kq-£v-a-⁄m- ®p-sIm-Sp-°p∂-Xm-Wv.- \n-s≥-d- c-£n-Xm-hv- G-Xp- Im-cy-Øn\pw-

B-Xv-ao-b-X-bp-sS- t]-cn-ep-≈- A-\v-[-hn-izm-k-ßƒ-°pw- A-\m-Nm-c-ßƒ-°pw- A-im-kv-{Xo-b-

B-Zm-an¬-\n-∂m-cw-`n-®v- t\m-l-bp-sS- s]-´-I-Øn¬- A-h-km-\n-°p-I-bpw- {]-f-bm-\-

Hcp `uXn-I-hm-Zn-bpsS tNmZy-ßƒ

H-cp- bp-‡n-bp-an-√m-Ø- Ip-sd- P-ev-]-\-ßƒ-

H-cp- ^n-en-ss∏≥- bp-h-m-hn-s‚-

k-Xyw- h-∂v- ap-´n-hn-fn-°p-tºmƒ- a-\- n-s‚- kXy-th-Z- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn-s‚- im-k-\-Iƒ-

C kv e manI I¿am\pjv T m\ßfn¬ bpw kzbw ssZhambn Na™ncp∂

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