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Limits!: Chapter 2 in The Calculus Book

This document provides an overview of limits and how to calculate them. It explains that a limit describes how a function behaves as its inputs approach a particular value. It gives some analogies to help understand limits and outlines the basic steps to take when evaluating limits: plug in the value, factor, then plug in or graph the function. The document provides examples of limits to -2, 3, -1, and infinity, worked out step-by-step. It also discusses properties like continuity and how to determine if a function is continuous at a point.

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Corey Chen
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
92 views

Limits!: Chapter 2 in The Calculus Book

This document provides an overview of limits and how to calculate them. It explains that a limit describes how a function behaves as its inputs approach a particular value. It gives some analogies to help understand limits and outlines the basic steps to take when evaluating limits: plug in the value, factor, then plug in or graph the function. The document provides examples of limits to -2, 3, -1, and infinity, worked out step-by-step. It also discusses properties like continuity and how to determine if a function is continuous at a point.

Uploaded by

Corey Chen
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LIMITS!

Chapter 2 In The Calculus Book

WHAT IS A LIMIT?!
Limit gives us a language for describing how the outputs of a function behave as the inputs approach some particular value.

DONT LOOK AT THE SUN!


A simple way to think of limits is the sun. If someone ask you to tell you the location of the sun, you cannot look directly at it, because your eyes will burn off (not really, but still). Same with limits. You cant look directly at the problem or your eyes will burn off. :] You have to estimate a location that would best work.

STEPS FOR LIMITS!


1) Plug It In! 2) Factor, Then Plug It In! 3) Graph It!

TRY IT OUT!
1) lim (x3-2x2+1) x -2

2) lim

x2-4

x 3 x+2 3) lim x4+x3 x -1

ANSWER TIME!
1) lim (x3-2x2+1) x -2 ((-2)3-2(-2)2+1) (-8-2(4)+1) -15 2) lim lim x2-4 (x+2)(x-2) x+2 3) lim x4+x3 x -1 (-1)4+(-1)3 1-1 0

x 3 x+2 x 3

HINT! If You Cant Figure Out The Problem Or Step 1 And 2 Dont Work, Just Graph It! :D

FIND THE LIMIT!


Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level
See If You Can Answer These FIVE Limits Questions! 1) lim g(x) x3 2) lim g(x) x -23) lim g(x) x 1 4) lim g(x) x 1+ 5) lim g(x) x2
HINT! The After The Number Means It Comes From The Left. The + Comes From The Right!

ANSWER TIME!
1) lim g(x) -2 =
0

x3 2) lim g(x) DNE = x -23) lim g(x) =


2

THE SLIDE CLICKxON1 TO REVEAL THE 4) ANSWERS! lim g(x)

x 1+

KNOW THESE THEROMS!


MEMORIZE THEM! lim sin =1

x0 lim _=1
x 0 sin lim 1-cos =1

x 0

DETERMINE THE LIMIT!


Put those theroms in action with these 3 problems! lim sin3x

x 0 x lim 1-cos7x x 0 lim x _ x

x 0 sin6x

ANSWER TIME!
lim sin3x [3] = 3(sin3x) =3 x 0 x [3] 3x

lim 1-cos7x [7] = 7(1-cos7) x 0 x=0 7x [7] [6] = 6x =6 6(sin6x) x 0 THE [6] CLICK ONsin6x SLIDE TO REVEAL THE ANSWERS! lim x

THE 3 STEPS TO TEST FOR CONTINUITY!


1) f(a) exists 2) lim f(x) exists
x 0 3) f(a) = lim f(x)

x 0

WHICH ARE Click to edit Master CONTINOUS?! text styles


An Absolute Value Function? A Step Function?

Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level

NO! A Step Function YES! :] Has Jump Discontinuity! :[ HINT! CONTINUOUS FUNTIONS ARE FUNCTIONS WHEN YOU DONT HAVE TO PICK UP YOUR PENCIL TO GRAPH IT!

HOW ABOUT THESE?!

Click to edit Master text styles A Linear Second level Third level Function? Fourth level Fifth level
A Linear Function With A Hole?
NO! A Linear Function With A Hole Has Point Discontinuity :[

YES! :]

HINT! CONTINUOUS FUNTIONS ARE FUNCTIONS WHEN YOU DONT HAVE TO PICK UP YOUR PENCIL TO GRAPH IT!

AND THIS?!

A Rational Function?

NO! A Rational Function Has Infinite Discontinuity! :[

HINT! CONTINUOUS FUNTIONS ARE FUNCTIONS WHEN YOU DONT HAVE TO PICK UP YOUR PENCIL TO GRAPH IT!

TRY THE 3 STEPS OUT!


1) f(x)=x+2 @ x=2? 2) f(x) x2-4 x-2 @ x=2? 3) f(x) x2-4 x-2 @ x=0?
HINT! REMEMBER THE THREE STEPS! TRY TO PROVE THAT THESE EXIST! You MUST Write All Three Steps Out! 1) f(a) exists 2) lim f(x) exists x0 3) f(a) = lim f(x) x 0

ANSWER TIME!
QUESTION UNO! f(x)=x+2 @ x=2? 1) f(x)=4(exists)

2) lim f(x) x0 lim f(x) =(x+2) x0 lim f(x)=((2)+2) x0

Always Write (exists) When it Exists!

lim f(x)=((2)+2) x 0 lim f(x) =4 (exists) x0 3) f(a) = lim f(x) x 0 4=4 (exists) CONTINUOUS!

lim f(x) =4 (exists) x0

ANSWER TIME!
QUESTION DOS! f(x)=x2-4 x-2 @ x=2?

1) f(x)=x2-4 x-2 f(x)=(2)2-4 (2)-2 f(x)=4-4 0 f(x)=DNE!

NOT CONTINUOUS!

ANSWER TIME!
QUESTION TRES! f(x)=x2-4 x-2 @ x=0? lim f(x) = (x-2)(x+2) x 0 x-2 lim f(x) = x+2 x0 lim f(x)=(0)+2 x0 lim f(x)=2 (exists) x0 3) f(a) = lim f(x) x0 2=2 (exists) CONTINUOUS!

1) f(x)=x2-4 x-2 f(x)=(0)2-4 (0)-2 f(x)=2 (exists) 2) lim f(x)

How To Deal When x ?


3 Short Cuts! 1) Biggest Powered x On The Denominator, =0 2) Equal Powered x On Both The Numerator And The Denominator, =The Fraction Of The Two Coefficients From The Highest Powered x 3) Biggest Power x On The Numerator, = or -

Try It Out!
1) lim 1
x x
HINT! 1) Biggest Powered x On Bottom, =0 2) Equal Powered x, =The Fraction Of The Two Coefficients From The Highest Powered x 3) Biggest Power x On Top, = or -

2) lim 3x2-5x+1 x 4x2+3x+2

3) lim 3x4+2x+1 x 2x3+x-2

ANSWER TIME!
1) lim 1
x x lim = 0 x 2) lim 3x2-5x+1
Because x2=2, all the pink numbers would end up equaling 0. [1/x2] Therefore, cancelling them out.

x 4x2+3x+2 [1/x2] lim 3-5/x+1/x2 x 4+3/x+2/x2 lim = 3 x


Also Multiply By The Smallest Powered. In This Case, You Would Multiply By [1/x3], Not [1/x4]

If The Had A In Front, The Answer Would Then Be Negative. If 4 Either Coefficient Had A -, The Answer Would Also Be

CONGRATULATIONS! YOU ARE NOW READY FOR THAT LIMITS TEST!

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