PRODUCTION AND OPERATION MANAGER

DEFINITION: Production and operation manager is a transformation op production operational inputs into output that, when distributed meet, the needs of customers.

It is called the conversion process. It can regrouped under five main headings: A). Product B). Plant C). Process D). Program

A. PRODUCT:
The sole of production and operation is to ensure that the business actually makes the required product in accordance with the plan. It means marketers in a business must ensures that a

business sells products that meet customers needs and wouts. The role of products in production and operation manager are as under: Reformance, quality, reability, quantity, production, costs, delivery dates.

B.PLANT:
The make product , plant of same kind is needed. This will complies the bulk of the fixed assets of the business. In determining which plant to use management must consider areas such as: 1: Future demand (value, timing) 2:Design and layout of factory, equipment, offices 3: Productivity and reliability of equipment. 4:Need fort costs of maintenance 5: Health and safety ( particularly the operation of equipment) 6:. Environmental issue. Example: Creation of waste products.

C:PROCESS:
There are many different ways of producing a product management must choose the best process or series of processes. They will consider: 1:Availablecapacity 2:Availableskills 3:Types of production 4:Layout of plant and equipment 5:Safety 6: Production costs 7:Mantenance requirements

D: PROGRAMMES:
The production programs concerns the dates and times of the product that are to be produces and supplied to customers. The decisions made about program will beasunder 1: purchasing patterns 2: casts flow

3: need for availability of storage 4: transportation

E: PEOPLE
PRODUCTION DEPENDS ON PEOPLE WHOSE SKILL EXPERIENCE AND MOIVATON DEPENDS ON FOLLOWING AREAS (1) WAGES AND SALARIES (2) SAFETY ANDTARNING (3) work land conditions (4)LEADERSHIP ANDMOTIVATION (5) COMMUNICATION .

OPERATION MANAGEMENT Operation managment focuses on carefully managing the processes to product and distribute product and servings. Operation management include product creator development, production and distribution. There activities are also called product and services management, however product management closely related with product that is a product line. Where as operation management includes all operation with in the organization that is managing, poidioses, inventory control, quality control, sorage, logistics, and evalvations. It always focus on efficiency and effectiveness of process. Therefore operation management means measurement and analysis of internal process. however operation management depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization for example: retail, manufacturing, whole sale etc. it include 1: purchasing 2: control and coordinating functions of management 3: product and services management 4: quality management 5: inventory management 6:logisticstransportation management 7:facilities management 8:distribution channels PURCHASING: It means buying various materials from suppliers. It include computers, services from layers, insurance etc. CONTROL OR COORDINATING FUNCTION:

It means activities to ensure that organization goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient faslion PRODUCT ANDSERVICE MANAGEMENT: These are the some activities which are involve in operation management. However operation management is focused on the operations of the centise organization. QUALITY MANAGEMENT: It means continuous improvement in quality of the product. It is possible when there is effective management in the organization. INVENTORY CONTROL It means innovation methods can be applied to save costs and move product sand services more quickly to the words the customers. Example: software package that will help you to manage your inventory. LOGISICSAND TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT: It is focused on the flow of materials and goods from suppliers to the customers through the organization. for example: transportation and logistics links. FACILITIES MANAGEMENT: Facilities management depends on effective management of facilities such as building up to date machines, equipment, computers system, water, gas, lighting etc. DISTRIBUTIONCHANNELS: It depends on the nature of the product or services distribution. OPERATION FUNCTION It is performed by the group of persons in a business who are responsible for producing the goods or providing the services that the business offers to the public. General function of operation and production management. These are three primary function in most business organization. A: operation B: finance C: marketing

They are interrelated to achieve the goals and objectives of organization. Aside from these three primary functions such as personnel accounting, public relation, maintenance, pure hasing which is around the circle of operations. OPERATIONS: The operation function consists of all activities that are directly related to producing goods or providing services. The production function are goods oriented and operation functions are service oriented like health car, transportation food, handling and retailing. the operations functions is the core of most business organization .it is responsible for the creation of an organizations productions services. Inputs of labour, material, energy and time are used to obtain finished goods or services using one or more transformation process example storing transportation, cutting, and then by cutting valve. To ensure this the desires outputs are obtain, measurements are taken at various products in the transformation process. Feed back and then compared to previously established standards. If actions is needed for conversion process o achieve the goods and objective of the organization. FINANCE: The finance function comprises activities related the securing mouctary resources at favorable prices and allocation these resources through out the organization. A:BUDGETING: Budgeting must be periodically prepared in order to plan finance and requirements. Budgets must sometimes be adjusted and performance relative to budget must be evalvated. B: ECONIMIC ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT PROCESS: Evalvation of alternate investments in plants and equipment must be prepared. C:PROVISION OF FUNDS: The necessary funding of operations and their amount and timing can be give because at the time of critical position when funds are right careful planning can help to avoid cash flow problems. Also most people firms generated their own revenue by sale of goods and services. MARKETING:

The marketing functions main concern is for selling. The organization product or services. It is also include advertising and production, developing and maintaining market and sales for casting. Marketing measures the needs and performance of the customers and a valuable source of information relating to ideas for product or services improvement as well as ideas for new products or services. Marketing also needs fixed time for the goods and services that it enable to fill the orders of customers in due time. Thus marketing and operations need to easily face on product and process, design, forecasting, selling, realistic schedule, quality and quantity decisions to informed about the strength and weaknesses. OTHER FUNCTIONS: These are also called the supporting functions.

SUPPORTING FUNCTIONS OR OPERATION INTER RELATED WITH OTHER FUNCATIONS The marketing functions one of the primary function .It must discovered developed demand for the organization god or services and maintain a responsive working relationship with customer . The finance function is a primary function that perform activities to obtain funds for the organization to wise use of its financial resources and a support function for recruitment and training employees and the distribution of benefits to the member of the organization to ensure that they share in the rewards that flow from the organizations work . Therefore , three primary functions are interdependent with in the business having the financial resources and the ability to produce a products of little value if there is no market for the products . Having the finance and a market for a product is a little value if one cannot provide the product .The ability to produce a product and a market for the produce are not sufficient if one does not have the necessary capital to employ personnel , obtain facilities and supplies and put other capabilities into action . ALL the functions and supporting functions therefore , interrelated with each other .

THE OPERATION MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS The operation manager is responsible for the creation of goods and services this includes acquision of resources and the conversion of their inputs into outputs using one or more transformation process . This involves planning , coordinating and controlling the elements that make up the process . It includes workers , equipment facilities allocation of resources and work methods . It also includes product or services design .These are vital on going process

that every organization do operations people can be a source of new ideas for improvement s related to the production aspects of the organization .These can be include ideas on new procedures for falrication and assembly as well as improved design , handling and storage procedures etc . Product and services design can be lifeblood of a competitive organization . THE main functions of the operation manager , is to guide the system through decision making which has major emphasis on production use of resources . DECISSION are classified on various ways such as qualitative verses quantitative according to the management process ( planning , staffing etc ) . The operation manager is responsible for the creation of goods or services for the he must co ordinate the use of resources through the management process which involves planning , organizing , staffing , directing and controlling . PLANNING involves determing the future course of action .The planning process means what is designed , then a way is designed for accomplishing the objectives . ORGANIZING refers to the adminstative structure of the organization . It involves putting the pieces of the sysem together in such a way that designed results can be achived . It requires desissions regarding who , what , where , when , and how . STAFFING involves selection and training of the personnel who will operate the system . DIRECTING refers to the issuance of commands or orders making suggestion , motivating subordinates to perform their assigned duties in a timely and efficient manaer . CONTROLLING involves measuring the result of operation s , deciding , if they are acceptable and instituting corrective action if need he . ONE of the primary responsibilities of an operation manager is to achieve productive use of resources . It measure relationship between outputs (goods or services ) and inputs ( labour , capital , material ) or other resources used to produce then . THERE 1) 2) are two types of productivity :Labour productivity Multifactor productivity Labour productivity refers out put relative to labour hours worked

LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY :.

MULTIFACTOR PRODUCTIVITY :Multifactor productivity refers a combination of some or all of resources used to obtain a certain output .

TYPES OF DECISSIONS Following are the three types of decisions :1) 2) 3) Strategic Tactical Operational

STRETEGIC :- It involve choice of products and services , new facilities , and locations and gernal policies of the organization . TACTICAL :- It involve allocating financial resources , equipment selection and use and planning work force . levels , output rates and inventory levels . OPERATIONAL DECISSIONs:- These involves activity as such scheduting of equipment and personnel , adjusting , production rates , and handling equipment breaked own , obsentecissm , shortage , inventory replenishment and quality control . PRODUCT/SERVICE DESIGN Product or service design is one time necessity for new items. That once it is done, no future attention is needed. Practically speaking this is not usually the case. Because always pressures for design changes can come from customers, compititors, legal sources and from with in the organization. Customers may indicate their dissatisfaction with in a particular design either through dried complaints to the organization or some regulatory body or indirectly through decreased purchase of the item. Thus organization often involved in redesign to improve sales or to respond to complaints. Organization always faced trouble from government agencies when especially food and drug administration the environment protection agencies, the national highway safety commission bans on those product which are harmful for the customers. Take the example of food and drugs which includes red food dye, phosphates etc. which are harmful for the health of customers are sent back to their drawing boards to find alternatives designs that will prove acceptable to both government and their customers. No pollution standard for automobiles and safety features must be applied to protect the life of customer. For example: seat belts, safety glass, and energy absorbing bumpers and frames have had a substantial impact on automobile design. Also much attention has been directed towards the design of toys. For example running of sharp edges small pieces that can cause choking and toxic materials. In some cases, the cost or shortage of materials can cause for redesign the products. For instance efforts are taken to develop fuel efficient as well as the development of alternative source of energy. Product liability can be a strong incentive for design improvement. Product liability means that a manufacture is liable for any injuries or damage caused by a faculty product because of either poor work man slip or poor design. In recent years many business firms have become involved in law suits related to their product. For example tire and rubber which underwent a major recall of its tires. The food

motor company (problem in the gas tanks of its pinto). General motor corporation (steering problem) etc. also manufacturing are faced with the implied warranties created by state laws under the uniform commercial code. The manufactured is always alter in making design of the product due to suits have resulted in increase in legal and insurance costs, experience settlement with injured parties. Also increasing customer awareness of product safety can adversily effect. Product image and subsequent for a product. Because of these factories, it is extremely important to design products that reasonably free of hazards when hazards do exists, it is necessary to install safety guards or other devices for reducing accident. Adequate warning which of risk must also be provided. Major advances have been made in the area of toy in terms of safety standards. It is intract to reflect and services design since operation will have the ultimate responsibility for convacting the design into errors and deficiencies are frequently detected and ideas for improve in cut are generated. Many of the mistakes can be on avoided by involving operation. Personnel in the design stages. If operation people are not constructed during product and services which has a major effect on the product and services. Always operations people are consulted at the time of design of product of product and services.