Atoll 3.1.0 LTE Light

ATOLL LTE FEATURES
Training Programme
1. LTE Planning Overview 2. Modelling a LTE Network 3. LTE Predictions 4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis 5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
Forsk 2011
Confidential Do not share without prior permission
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1. LTE Planning Overview

LTE Features Supported in Atoll
LTE Workflow in Atoll
Forsk 2011
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LTE Features supported in Atoll

Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) Networks
Various Frequency Bands Scalable Channel Bandwidths Resource Blocks per Channel and Sampling Frequencies Support of TDD and FDD Frame Structures Half-frame/Full-frame Switching Point Periodicities for TDD Normal and Extended Cyclic Prefixes Downlink and Uplink Control Channels and Overheads
Downlink and uplink reference signals, PSS, SSS, PBCH, PDCCH, PUCCH, etc.
RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ Support in predictions and Simulations
Forsk 2011
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Physical Cell IDs Implementation Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Support
Fractional Frequency Reuse Modelling
Support of Fractional Power Control (UL) Support of Directional CPE Antennas Signal Level Based Coverage Planning CINR Based Coverage Planning Possibility of Fixed Subscriber Database for Fixed Applications
Forsk 2011
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Network Capacity Analysis using Monte Carlo Simulations Scheduling and Resource Allocation in Two-dimensional Frames Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Systems
Transmit and Receive Diversity Single-User MIMO or spatial multiplexing Adaptive MIMO Switch (AMS) Modelling of Multi-User MIMO (collaborative MIMO UL only)
Tools for Resource Allocation

Automatic Allocation of Neighbours Automatic Allocation of Physical Cell IDs Automatic Allocation of Frequencies (AFP) Specific Module
Network Verification Possible using Drive Test Data
Forsk 2011
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LTE Workflow in Atoll

Open an existing project or create a new one Network Configuration - Add network elements - Change parameters Basic Predictions (Best Server, Signal Level) Automatic or Manual Neighbour Allocation Automatic or Manual Frequency Planning Automatic or Manual Physical Cell ID Planning Traffic Maps
And/or
ACP
Monte-Carlo Simulations Cell Load Conditions Signal Quality and Throughput Predictions
User-defined Values
Subscriber Lists
Forsk 2011
Frequency Plan Analysis
Prediction Study Reports
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Training Programme
Forsk 2011
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2. Modelling a LTE Network

Global Settings
Frequency Band definition Frame Structure Settings
Radio Parameters
Site Transmitters Cells
Equipment Parameters
User-definable reception characteristics
Forsk 2011
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Global Settings (1/2)

Frequency Bands
Atoll can model multi-band networks within the same document TDD (Time Division Duplexing) or FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing) One frequency band assigned to each cell
Forsk 2011
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Global Settings (2/2)

LTE Frame Structure definition
Normal (default) or extended cyclic prefix (No. of SD per slot) e.g.: at 15 kHz, 7 SD/slot (normal) or 6 SD/slot (extended)
Number of SD for PDCCH (0,1,2 or 3) carrying DL and UL Resource allocation information
Average number of resource blocks for PUCCH
System-level constants (Hard-coded)

Width of a resource block (180 kHz) Frame duration (10 ms)
TDD option only : Switch from DL to UL every half frame (default) or every frame
Other control channel overheads defined by 3GPP (calculated based on 3GPP specs)
Forsk 2011
Reference signals, PSS, SSS, PBCH, etc.

Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 11 of 82
Radio Parameters Overview

Site
X (longitude) and Y (latitude)
Transmitters
Activity Antenna configuration (model, height, azimuth, mechanical & electrical tilts...) UL & DL Losses / UL Noise Figure Propagation (Model, Radius and resolution)
Presented in General Features
Cells
Frequency Band & Channel PCI Power definition Min RSRP UL & DL Load Diversity Support Neighbours
Forsk 2011
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Transmitter Parameters
Antenna Configuration and Losses parameters Cells parameters (see next slide) Propagation settings
DL and UL total losses, UL noise figure
Antenna Configuration
Forsk 2011
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Cell Parameters
Cells frequency band Cell activity Channel number in the frequency band (and allocation status)
Physical Cell ID + resulting PSS/SSS (and allocation status)
Power and energy offsets from computed reference signal Min RSRP used as cell coverage limit
DL traffic load Load Conditions UL noise rise due to surrounding mobiles
MIMO Configuration
Inputs of the neighbour allocation algorithm Neighbour list
ICIC and Fractional Power Control Parameters (Advanced)
Forsk 2011
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Equipment Parameters (1/2)

Bearers (Modulation and Coding Schemes) definition
User-definable bearer efficiencies (useful bits per resource element)
Bearer selection thresholds for link adaptation Quality indicator graphs

BLER used to model the effect of errors in data reception
Forsk 2011
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Equipment Parameters (2/2)

Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems
Diversity and SU-MIMO gains
Definable per bearer and antenna configuration Depend on the clutter class where users are located
MU-MIMO gain
Definable per cell or Calculated during Monte Carlo simulations using intelligent multi-user scheduling on two antenna ports (Layered Space-time Scheduling)
Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 16 of 82
Forsk 2011
Training Programme
Forsk 2011
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3. LTE Predictions
Introduction
Parameters used in Predictions
Prediction Settings
Fast Link Adaptation Modelling
Coverage Prediction Examples
Point Analysis Studies
Forsk 2011
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Introduction
Coverage Predictions
General Studies based on Downlink Reference Signal Levels
Best server plot based on downlink reference signal levels Multiple server coverage based on downlink reference signal levels Reference signal level plots Reference signal CNR plots RSRP (Average Reference Signal Level Received Power per Subcarrier) plots
LTE UL and DL Specific Studies

SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH Signal Level Plots SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CNR Plots Quality Studies (RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator, RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality, Reference Signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CINR and interference plots, UL Allocated Bandwidth, UL Transmission Power) Best Bearer and Modulation Plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR Levels Throughput and Cell Capacity per pixel plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Channel Throughputs Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Throughputs averaged per User Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Cell Capacities Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Aggregate Cell Throughputs Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Allocated Bandwidth Throughputs (UL)
Point Predictions
Forsk 2011 Confidential Do not share without prior permission Slide 19 of 82
Introduction
Principles of the studies based on traffic
Study calculated for
Given load conditions UL noise rise DL traffic load A non-interfering user with A service A mobility A terminal type (in case of a directive antenna , it is oriented towards the serving cell)
Forsk 2011
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Load Conditions
Load conditions are defined in the cells table
Values taken into consideration in predictions for each cell
Forsk 2011
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Service Properties
Parameters used in predictions

Highest bearers in UL and DL Body loss Application throughput parameters
Forsk 2011
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Mobility Properties

Mapping between mobilities and thresholds in bearer and quality indicator determination (as radio conditions depend on user speed).
Forsk 2011
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Terminal Properties
Min & Max Power + Noise Figure + Losses
Support of MIMO

Minimum & Maximum terminal power Gain and losses Noise figure Antenna settings (incl. MIMO support)
Forsk 2011
Number of Antenna ports in UL and DL in case of MIMO support
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Prediction Settings
Coverage Prediction Plots
Standard predictions
Best server plot Coverage by signal level Multiple server coverage
Reference signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH signal level and quality predictions
Selection of a mobility, a service, a terminal (possibly directional antenna oriented towards the serving cell) Reference signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH CNR plots RSRP (Average Reference Signal Level Received Power per Subcarrier) plots
Forsk 2011
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Prediction Settings
Coverage Prediction Plots
CINR, Throughput and Quality Indicator predictions
Based on user-defined cell loads or on Monte-Carlo simulation results Selection of a mobility, a service, a terminal (possibly directional antenna oriented towards the serving cell) RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator and RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality Reference Signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CINR and interference plots UL Allocated Bandwidth, UL Transmission Power) Best bearer plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels Throughput and cell capacity per pixel plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application channel throughputs Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application throughputs averaged per user Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application cell capacities Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application aggregate cell throughputs
Forsk 2011
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Fast Link Adaptation Modelling

Atoll determines, on each pixel, the highest bearer that each user can obtain
No soft handover Connection to the best server in term of reference signal level (C) Bearer chosen according to the radio conditions (PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels)
Process : prediction done via look-up tables

Throughput & Quality Indicator (BER and BLER) predictions
Reference Signal Level (C) evaluation
Best Server Area determination (min RSRP)
Radio Conditions estimation (PDSCH and PUSCH CINR calculation)
Bearer Selection
Forsk 2011
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Interference Estimation
Atoll calculates PDSCH and PUSCH CINR according to:
The victim traffic (PUSCH or PDSCH) power The interfering signals impacted by:
The interferers powers The path loss from the interferers to the victim Antenna gain Losses from interferers (incl. Shadowing effect and indoor losses)
The interference reduction factor applied to interfering base stations transmitting on adjacent channels (adjacent channel suppression factor) The interference reduction factor due to interfering base stations traffic load The interference reduction due to Fractional Frequency Reuse (and consequently the mutual overlap between the channel fractions of the victim and the interfering base stations)
Forsk 2011
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Prediction Examples (General Studies)
Number of servers (Based on reference signal power)
Coverage by signal level (Based on reference signal power)
Forsk 2011
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Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies)
Coverage by PDSCH CINR (Directional receiver antenna)
Coverage by PDSCH CINR (Isotropic receiver antenna)
Forsk 2011
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Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies)
Coverage by PUSCH CINR (Directional receiver antenna)
Coverage by PUSCH CINR (Isotropic receiver antenna)
Forsk 2011
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Point Analysis Tool: Reception

Radio Reception Diagnosis at a Given Point : Reception Analysis
Choice of UL&DL load conditions : if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based on DL load and UL noise rise from cells table Selection of the value to be displayed (RS, SS, PDSCH, RSRP)
Reference Signals, PDSCH and PUSCH availability (or not) Definition of a userdefinable probe" receiver, indoor or not
Cell bar graphs (best server at the top) Analysis detail on reference signals, PDSCH and PUSCH
Forsk 2011
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Point Analysis Tool: Interference

Radio Interference Diagnosis at a Given Point : Interference Analysis
Choice of UL&DL load conditions : if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based on DL load and UL noise rise from cells table
Selection of the value to be displayed (RS, SS, PDSCH, RSRP)
Serving Cell (C)
Total Level of Interference (I + N)
Definition of a userdefinable probe" receiver, indoor or not
List of Interfering Cells
Forsk 2011
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Training Programme
Forsk 2011
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4. Frequency Plan Analysis

Channel and Physical Cell ID Search Tools
Physical Cell ID Allocation Audit
Physical Cell ID Histograms
Forsk 2011
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Search Tool Overview

Tool to visualise channel and PSS ID reuse on the map
Possibility to find cells which are assigned a given :
Frequency band + channel Physical Cell ID PSS ID SSS ID
Way to use this tool

Create and calculate a coverage by transmitter with a colour display by transmitter Open the Find on Map tool available in the Edit menu (or directly in the toolbar )
Forsk 2011
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Channel Search Tool

Channel Reuse on the Map
Resource Selection
Frequency band and Channel number
Colours given to transmitters Red: co-channel transmitters Yellow: multi-adjacent channel (-1 and +1) transmitters Green: adjacent channel (-1) transmitters Blue: adjacent channel (+1) transmitters Grey thin line: other transmitters
Physical Cell ID Search Tool

Physical Cell ID, PSS ID and SSS ID Reuse on the Map
Resource Selection
Resource Type and Value
Colours given to transmitters Red or Grey thin line: if the transmitters carries or not the specified resource value (Physical Cell ID, PSS ID or SSS ID)
PCI Allocation Audit (1/2)

Verification of the allocation inconsistencies
Respect of a minimum reuse distance Respect of neighbourhood constraints (two neighbour cells must have different PCI) Respect of SSS ID allocation strategy
Forsk 2011
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PCI Allocation Audit (2/2)

Audit results
Inconsistencies are displayed in the default text editor
The minimum distance constraint is fulfilled
Cells BRU010_L1 & BRU116_L2 are Neighbour cells but have been allocated the same PCI
These 13 sites do not fulfil the SSS ID allocation strategy: on each site, allocated PCI do not have the same SSS ID
Forsk 2011
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Physical Cell ID Histograms

View of the Physical Cell ID Distribution
Dynamic pointer
Forsk 2011
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Training Programme
Forsk 2011
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5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations

Traffic modelling Monte Carlo Simulations
Forsk 2011
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Traffic Modelling (1/2)
Traffic Data
Traffic maps and subscriber lists Various types of traffic maps:
Raster traffic maps Vector traffic maps Live traffic maps Traffic density maps
Subscribers Live Traffic Data Vector Traffic Data Raster Traffic Data
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Traffic Modelling (2/2)

Subscriber Lists
Lists of subscribers with fixed locations and specific parameters Can be created using the mouse or imported from txt and csv files Can be displayed on the map according to different parameters Main parameters:
Location: X and Y coordinates Antenna height Azimuth and tilt (user-defined or calculated) Serving cell (user-defined or calculated) User profile Terminal type
Prediction calculations can be carried out on subscribers (points)

Predicted results include reception levels, CINR, throughputs, etc.
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Monte Carlo Simulations (1/3)

Monte Carlo Simulations
For studying network capacity Network behaviour under given traffic Can be based on traffic data from traffic maps and subscriber lists Distribution of mobile users and services Calculation of user parameters (CINR, power control, noise rise, resource allocation, etc.) Scheduling and radio resource allocation based on service priorities and scheduling methods:
Proportional Fair Proportional Demand Max Aggregate Throughput
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Simulation Results
For each cell
UL and DL traffic loads UL noise rise UL and DL aggregate cell throughputs Traffic input and connection statistics
For each mobile

Serving transmitter and cell Azimuth and tilt (towards the serving cell) Reference signal, SCH/PBCH, PDSCH, and PUSCH signal levels Reference signal, SCH/PBCH, PDSCH, and PUSCH CINR and interference levels Best bearers based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels Cell throughputs, cell capacities, and user throughputs PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels Connection status and rejection cause
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Simulation Results Display
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Atoll 3.1.0 LTE Light

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ATOLL LTE FEATURES

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

1. LTE Planning Overview

LTE Workflow in Atoll

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

LTE Features supported in Atoll

RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ Support in predictions and Simulations

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

LTE Features supported in Atoll

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

LTE Features supported in Atoll

Tools for Resource Allocation

Network Verification Possible using Drive Test Data

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

LTE Workflow in Atoll

Frequency Plan Analysis

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Prediction Study Reports

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

2. Modelling a LTE Network

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Global Settings (1/2)

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Global Settings (2/2)

Number of SD for PDCCH (0,1,2 or 3) carrying DL and UL Resource allocation information

Average number of resource blocks for PUCCH

System-level constants (Hard-coded)

Reference signals, PSS, SSS, PBCH, etc.

Radio Parameters Overview

Presented in General Features

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

DL and UL total losses, UL noise figure

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Physical Cell ID + resulting PSS/SSS (and allocation status)

DL traffic load Load Conditions UL noise rise due to surrounding mobiles

Inputs of the neighbour allocation algorithm Neighbour list

ICIC and Fractional Power Control Parameters (Advanced)

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Equipment Parameters (1/2)

Bearer selection thresholds for link adaptation Quality indicator graphs

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Equipment Parameters (2/2)

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Parameters used in Predictions

Fast Link Adaptation Modelling

Coverage Prediction Examples

Point Analysis Studies

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

LTE UL and DL Specific Studies

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Values taken into consideration in predictions for each cell

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Parameters used in predictions

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Parameters used in Predictions

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Min & Max Power + Noise Figure + Losses

Parameters used in Predictions

Number of Antenna ports in UL and DL in case of MIMO support

Confidential Do not share without prior permission