BANDAGING TECHNIQUES

Godofredo Calsado Nicanor Macaballug

OBJECTIVES Recognize the uses and applicative procedure of the triangular bandage in open phase and cravat phase. Discuss practically and apply the step-by-step procedures through the illustrations given the uses and application of the triangular bandage in two phases.

MOTIVATION Is there anyone among you who encountered or experienced an incident/accident involving a continuous flow of blood from the inflicted wound? what did you do? Are you not aware that handkerchief or your shirts could be of help to control the continuous flow of the blood from the wound of the victim? DISCUSSIONS Triangular Bandage Triangular bandage are usually made of muslin. They can be made by simply cutting it diagonally the 60 inch square of a piece of cloth, thereby, making two triangular bandages. The longer side of the triangular bandage is called the base with both corners called ends and the corner opposite to the base is called apex.

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Open Phase Bandaging A. HEAD Steps in applying open phase bandage to the head (Applied when there is wound on top of the head, apply with dressing) STEP 1 STEP 2 In applying open phase With the hem positioned on bandage for the head, make a hem by the outside, put the middle portion folding about 2 inches from the base of the bandages base on the forehead just half a finger above the eyebrows, at the same time allowing the apex to fall over the head and down over at the back of the head.

STEP 3 Put the ends of the triangular bandage at the back of the head of about half of an inch above the ears, crossing them over the apex and bring it back towards the forehead and tie it in square knot.

STEP 4 Firmly hold the compress portion by a hand with the other hand gently pulling down gently the apex making the compress snug; then bring the apex up and tuck it in over and in the bandage where it should cross at the back of the head.

B. CHEST Steps in applying open phase bandage to the chest. 142

(Applied when there is wound on either right or left chest of the victim STEP 1 STEP 2 Position the triangular Gently pull the apex and the bandage on the top of the dressing of other end of the bandage passing the chest with the apex just below the around the armpit towards the back armpit. of the victim and tie it in square knot, be sure to leave extra length for extra tying.

STEP 3 Extend the other end of the bandage at the top of the shoulder by tying additional handkerchief to it in cravat using square knot.

STEP 4 Tie the handkerchief to the extra remaining end of either apex or end corner in square knot.

C. ARMSLING Steps in applying open phase arm sling bandage (Applied when there is fracture on either left or right forearm of the 143

STEP 1

victim) STEP 2 Bring the lower ends of the triangular bandage (positioned below) over the arm at the top of the shoulder around the back of the neck over

Put the apex of the triangular bandage below the armpit with one of the two (2) ends at the top of the shoulder.

STEP 3

Tie both ends using the square knot and twists the apex and tuck the corner of the sling at the elbow.

D. UNDER ARMSLING Steps in making under Arm sling bandage using the open phase. (Applied when there is dislocation on either left or right elbow of the 144

STEP 1

victim) STEP 2 Bring the lower end of the triangular bandage over the arm passing through under the armpit towards the back of the neck.

Same with step 1 of the arm sling, place the apex corner of the triangular bandage below the armpit with one of the two (2) ends at the top of the shoulder.

STEP 3.

Tie both ends at the bandage using the square knot.

E. HAND Steps in making open phase bandage to the hand. (Applied when there is burned on the hand) STEP 1 STEP 2 145

Place the wounded hand in the middle portion of the triangular bandage; be sure that the wrist is aligned at the base of the bandage. Also, be sure that the finger are separated from each other by inserting absorbent materials in between fingers, the process will prevent the fingers from chaffing and skin irritation.

Cover the fingers by placing the apex on top of the hand and tuck the excess parts of the bandage underneath the fingers and form pleats on every side of both ends as illustrated.

STEP 3

STEP 4

Bring one of the ends on the The same as step 3 bring the top of the hand and take it around other end on the top of the hand the wrist. around the wrist.

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STEP 5 Tie both ends using the square knot and hide ends by inserting it to the bandage.

F. HEAD Steps in applying open phase bandage on the head of the victim. (Applied when there is wound at the back of the victims head) STEP 1 STEP 2 Hold the apex of the bandage at open phase and make an overhand knot at around three (3) to four (4) inches from the end corner of the apex as illustrated. Using the overhand knot at the apex as a reference point, place it on the top center of the victims head. Following the illustration, roll down gently both side of the bandage right at the back of the victims ears.

STEP 3 Instruct the victim to put his/her hand aligned to the throat with two (2) fingers pointing the chin. Slightly pull both end corner of the bandage rolling it over the hand covering the two (2) fingers and again pull both ends gently towards the back of the head.

STEP 4 At the back of the head, cross both end corners and tie it in square knot. Once tied, tuck in protruding corners of the bandage.

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Cravat Phase Bandage A triangular bandage can be folded into a strip for easy application during emergencies. When folded as illustrated below, the bandage is called a cravat phase. How to make a cravat: Procedure: Following the illustration through steps put the apex of the triangular bandage to the middle of the base and continue folding until two (2) inches width is obtained as illustrated.

Cravat Phase Bandage A. HEAD Steps in applying a cravat bandage to the head (Applied when the victim has wound on the forehead) STEP 1 STEP 2 Cover the wound with a dressing and place the middle of the bandage over the wound as illustrated below. Cross both ends of the bandage and gently pull and wrap them in opposite directions around the head as illustrated.

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STEP 3 As illustrated below, tie both ends in square knot, making sure that it is fully tight.

B. EYE Steps in applying a cravat bandage to the eye. (Applied when there is wound or injury in either of the victims eye.) STEP 1 STEP 2 Apply a dressing to the affected eye and place the middle of the bandage over the wound (as illustrated) and slant the bandage and be sure that it is inclined, make sure also not to cover the uninjured eye . Bring the other end at the back of the head below the ear of the opposite side. Cross both ends of the bandage and gently pull wrap in opposite direction as illustrated.

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STEP 3 Tie both ends of the bandage either above or lower the wounds (compress area) in square knot and tuck in the excess ends into the bandage.

C. OPEN PALM Steps in applying a cravat bandage to the open palm. (Applied when there is vertical wound on either right or left palm of the victim.)

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STEP 1 Apply a dressing to the wounded area and lay the mid of the cravat bandage over the palm with the ends hanging on both sides as illustrated.

STEP 2 Bring the end of the cravat from the little finger across back of the hand rolling it upward over the base of the thumb; gently and slightly pull it downward across the palm.

STEP 3 Hold the thumb end of the cravat and roll it across the back of the hand and pull it over the palm towards the hollow portion of the palm in between the thumb and the palm.

STEP 4 Take both ends to the back of the wrist of the hand and roll them crossing each other, and then roll them up over the wrist and cross the both ends again.

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STEP 5 Roll both ends at the back of the hand and tie with a square knot at the top of the wrist.

D. ELBOW Steps in applying cravat bandage to either right or left elbow. (Applied when there is sprain on either right or left elbow of the victim) STEP 1 STEP 2 To apply cravat bandage to the As illustrated, cross both bandage ends and gently rolled extending both ends downward.

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elbow, bend the arm to approximately 90 degrees and at the elbow and place the mid-portion of the cravat bandage at the elbow bringing and holding the ends of the bandage upwards as illustrated.

STEP 3 Roll both ends gently around the arm and pull both ends opposite the elbow and tie it in square knot.

E. KNEE Steps in applying a cravat bandage to the knee. (Applied when there is wound in either right or left knee of the victim.) STEP 1 STEP 2

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To apply cravat bandage to the Cross both bandage ends knee as illustrated below used the and gently rolled extending both same steps and technique applied in ends downwards. bandaging the elbow. Bend the leg to approximately 90 degrees at the knee and place the middle of the cravat bandage at the upper portion of the knee bringing and holding both ends of the bandage downward.

STEP 3 After rolling the bandage, at the same time pull both ends, tie both ends tightly opposite the knee in square knot, and tuck in the remaining ends.

F. JAW OR EAR Steps in applying cravat bandage on the jaw or ear of the victim. (Applied when there is a fractured jaw or wound on the ear of the victim) 154

STEP 1 Put one third (1/3) of the bandage on the wounded area or below the chin and gently pull both ends upward, making sure that the other side of the bandage is two thirds (2/3) and the other is one third (1/3).

STEP 2 Roll the two third end of the bandage over the top of the head pulling it towards the one third end at the temple and cross both ends as illustrated

STEP 3 Gently roll at the same time slightly pull both ends in opposite direction, one end along the forehead and the other end at the back of the head.

STEP 4 Cross both ends and tie them in square knot. Protruding corners must be inserted or tucked in.

TEST Bandaging Techniques Name ________________________________ Major ___________________ 155

Date ____________ Section _____________________ Score ___________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the best answer for each questions. Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer which you think is correct and write the letter of your choice on the blank provided before the number of the item question. _______1. Triangular bandage is usually made of ______________. a. cloth _______2. b. muslin c. gauze d. elastic wraps

The longer side of the triangular bandage is called___________ with both corners called end. a. apex b. corner c. base d. none of the above

_______3. In applying open phase bandage to the head, make a _________by folding about 2 inches from the base. a. cut _______4. b. hen c. fold d. hem

In applying open phase bandage to the head, step no. 4 states to firmly hold the compress portion by a hand, using the other hand gently pull down the __________making the compress snug. a. apex b. hem c. end d. base

_______5.

In applying open phase bandage to the chest, step no. 1 position the triangular bandage on the top of the dressing of the chest with the apex just below the __________. a. neck b. armpit c. elbow d. all of the above

_______6.

Step 3 of the arm sling open phase, requires to tie both ends using the square knot and twist the __________and tuck the corner of the sling at the elbow. a. end b. base c. hem d. apex

_______7.

Step 2 of the underarm sling open phase, states that to bring the lower end of the triangular bandage over the arm under the________ towards the back of the neck. a. armpit b. elbow c. arm d. wrist

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_______8.

Step 1 of the hand bandage open phase, prescribed to place the wounded hand in the middle portion of the triangular bandage and be sure that the _______ is align at the base of the bandage. a. elbow b. wrist c. arm d. none of the above

_______9.

Step 2 of the hand bandage open phase, states to cover the fingers by placing the apex on top of the hand and tuck the excess parts of the bandage underneath the fingers and form a ______________ on every side of both ends. a. fold b. knot c. pleats d. tuck

_______10. The prescribed width of the cravat phase is __________? a. 2.5 inches b. 2.75 inches c. 3 inches d. 2 inches

_______11. In applying cravat phase bandage to the head, cover the wound with a ________ and place the middle of the bandage over the wound. a. dressing b. gauze c. elastic wraps d. cloth

_______12. There are how many steps in applying cravat phase bandage to the eye? a. 4 steps b. 5 steps c. 3 steps d. 6 steps

_______13. In applying cravat phase bandage to the open palm, bring the end of the cravat at the little finger across back of the hand rolling it upward over the base of the thumb, and roll it ________ across the palm. a. inward b. upward c. sideward d. downward

_______14. In applying cravat phase bandage to the palm, the square knot tie must be at the top of the __________. a. arm b. elbow c. wrist d. palm

_______15. To apply cravat phase bandage to the elbow, bend the arm to approximately _____ degrees at the elbow and place at the middle of the cravat bandage by bringing and holding the ends of the bandage upwards. a. 45 degrees b. 90 degrees c. 60 degrees d. 75 degrees

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_______16. The number of steps in applying cravat phase bandage to the open palm. a. 6 step b. 3 steps c. 4 steps d. 5 steps

_______17. In applying cravat bandage to the knee, step 2 states to cross both bandage ends and gently ____________ extending both ends downwards. a. pushed b. rolled c. pleats d. wrap

_______18. Step 2 in applying open phase bandage to the head required them to be positioned outside, and place the middle of the bandages base on the forehead just half a finger above the eyebrows at the same time allowing the _______ to fall over the head, down over at the back of the head. a. base b. corner c. apex d. none of the above

_______19. Arm sling open phase bandage has ______ steps to be followed. a. 5 steps b. 4 steps c. 6 steps d. 3 steps

_______20. The purpose of inserting absorbent materials in between fingers is to prevent the fingers from________ and _________. a. chopping and skin irritation b. chopping and skin disorder c. chaffing and skin irritation d. chaffing and skin disorder

_______21. The proper or commonly used knot in the two phases of triangular bandage is ________________. a. eight knot b. square knot c. overhand knot d. bow knot

_______22. Step 1 in cravat phase bandage to the knee bringing and holding the ends of the bandage downward. a. apex b. slide c. end d. middle

_______23. The four (4) parts of the triangular bandage are a. base, apex, corner, end b. base, apex, corner, corner c. base, apex, end, end d. base, apex, end, corner

_______24. Step 3 in open phase bandage to the head, states to put the ends of the triangular bandage around the back of the head 158

above the _________, cross them over the apex, bring it back towards the forehead, and tie it in square knot. a. ear b. eyebrow c. eye d. none of the above

_______25. In applying open phase bandage to the chest, additional ________ is necessary in order to complete the bandaging process. a. anchor bandage c. roller gauze b. handkerchief d. all of the above

BIBLIOGRAPHY HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 1988. Field Manual: First for soldiers. Washington, D.C. Philippine National Red Cross, Handbook on First Aid 159