Final Project Report
Final Project Report
Submitted to
Guru Jambheswar University of Science and Technology, Hisar For the approval of degree of
Under the Supervision of Supervisors Name : Mr. Satish Kumar Lecturer in Govt. College, Sec.- 14 Gurgaon
Directorate of Distance Education Guru Jambheswar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001 (2007-08)
INTRODUCTION
NEWS AGENCY SYSTEM The project News agency system is being developed to manage the system of agency. News Agency system basically deals with Hawkers details, Press details, Profit &Loss details, Expenses details, Paper distribution, calculation according to various categories of employees like whether he is salaried etc. all these are maintained with the use of software. The project is quite useful in decreasing the manual calculation part, and keeps record of various customers in an efficient manner. I will introduce the following modules in my project. Hawkers Detail Module Press Detail Module Yearly Profit/Loss Module Agencys Expenses Module Paper Detail Module Press Invoice Module Hawker Invoice Module Papers Price Module All the modules are integrated with each other.
OBJECTIVE
Man has always been aiming at getting the output of its account in the shortest span of time and by least possible efforts. This is being achieved through various invention and discoveries in the form of tools, machines & methods. Machines have invented to help the thinking skills of man. Undoubtedly, computer invention is the greatest boom. Unsurprisingly, computer has become an integral part of our life today. Its accuracy and fast speeds are beyond imagination. The main objective of computers are to transform input (data such as raw facts, figures of list) into useful output (information) through electronic processing .As they generate information, computer system are often processing called information system too. The objectives of developing this system are: To determine the strength, weakness, opportunity, threat in the context of agency. To maintain computerized data. To maintain large database. To predict the future of agency.
SCOPE
The scope of News agency system is very wide. It can be used by any news agency and in any language like English, Tamil, and Talgu Punjabi etc. The news agency system helpful for the all computerized system. It can be increases the benefits of the company & saves the money. In the present time, human suffer from the many problems. The problem can be economic, social etc. such type of problem can be solve very easily by this news agency system. The growth of human future increases by this news agency system. It can be provide the good opportunity for the human.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
I went to Nav Bharat and Nabhchor Agency. There I found that they have certain problem in maintaining modules like Hawkers detail module, Press detail module, Profit/Loss Module, Agency Expenses module etc. So I want to computerize that data. The module define in introduction will help to achieve the started objective like Profit /Loss modules will help in predicting future profit and loss, weakness of agencies, Hawkers details will give information about Hawkers working in other city etc.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1 2 3 4 5 Brain Siler And Jess Scotts Special Addition Using VB-6.0 Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd,New Delhi-110001,2005. Reeta Sahoo Saraswati Information Technology. Sarswatin House Pvt Ltd, New Delhi-110001, 2004. Loonie E.Moseley And David M.Boodey Mastering Microsoft Office 97.BPB Publication, New Delhi. NIIT Microsoft Access. NIIT Limited, Ch Evengelos Petroutsos Mastering Visual Basic 6. annai
Signature of candidate.
INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
In the present scenario, one could never think of managing the Newspaper activities without computers because there are lot of records needed to be kept like the Hawkers Records, Papers Records, Agencys Expenses, Yearly Profit and Loss Records and much more. Keeping all these records manually in the form of files would definitely take a lot of time. Once developed the computerized software for Newspaper Agency Management, managing the Agencys Work Or Papers Work becomes a much simpler task in the sense that efficient work could be performed and that too in less time. Further, it also reduces cost by minimizing paper use and with less labor requirement. Only a single person can well manage the system needs to be a computer literate. A person with no knowledge of the system cant make any use of the software developed. A considerable amount of skill is required to prepare a computer software. Here in, I have prepared the project for Newspaper Agency Management System in which I have used many modules. o Hawkers Detail Module o Press Detail Module o Yearly Profit/Loss Module o Agencys Expenses Module o Paper Detail Module o Press Invoice Module o Hawker Invoice Module o Papers Price Module All the modules are integrated with each other.
I also developed some important Reports. These reports can helps the management to take decisions like: o Date Wise Hawker Invoice Information o Date Wise Press Invoice Information o Hawkers Detailed Information o Papers Detailed Information These are some basic modules and inquiry Reports, which must be used for managing a Report. More Modules could be added to provide additional functionality as required.
OBJECTIVE
Man has always been aiming at getting the output of its account in the shortest span of time and by least possible efforts. This is being achieved through various invention and discoveries in the form of tools, machines and methods. Machines have invented to help the thinking skills of man. Undoubtedly, computer invention is the greatest boom. Unsurprisingly, computer has become an integral part of our life today. Its accuracy and fast speeds are beyond imagination. The main objective of computers are to transforms input (data such as raw facts, figures of list) into useful output (information) through electronic processing. As they generate information, computer system are often called as information systems too.
Definition of Problem
Time consuming:
As the work done is done manually, it takes a lot of time to process the data and gives the required information.
Security:
In the manual system, there is a lot of chance of misplacing or hacking of data. In manual system, there are less options of security.
Report Generation
To produce a report manually on certain demands is very tedious.
Accuracy:
The paper works of manual system leads to less efficiency and accuracy.
Overload:
Error due to fuss and over-load is very common in manual system.
More staff:
A lot of manpower is required in case of manual system, because in case of manual system there is huge collection of files.
Searching:
Searching of any record is very difficult in case of manual system, because in case of manual there is huge collection of files.
Expensive:
Manual system is much more expensive than computerized system.
PLATFORM USED
The platform /operating system used for project Newspaper Agency Management System is Windows 98. which is highly user friendly with visual basic (any version of vb)
Window 98 is the operating system for the IBM compatible personal computers. Window 98 combines and improves upon the function these earlier version of window and MS-DOS provided. Window 98 has a new look that is designed for ease of use. Window98 does the following things:
1. 2. 3. i.
Create link between the user and computer. Serves as the base software on which a wide variety of programs can operate. Handles its internal function such as Managing the computer memory. ii Co-ordinate input and output devices.
4.
1. Software constraints :
The system is to run under the window 98. The following software constraints are needed: a) Visual Basic 6.0 for windows98.
2. Hardware Constraints:
The software may have to operate on some exiting or predetermined hardware thus imposing restriction on the design. Hardware limitation can include the type old machines to be used, operating system available on the system, languages supported, and limits on primary and second storage. a) Hard disk having capacity more than 650 MB is sufficient for better efficiency. b) Celeron (450-850) Mhz, Cyrex, Pentium (i), Pentium (ii), Pentium (iii), Processor is necessary for better performance. c) 64 MB RAM.
Front-End Used:-
Visual programming aims at providing the user interface that is intuitive and easy to use. In developing such an interface, the programmer employs user-friendly features such as Windows, menus buttons and list boxes. A visual programming environment provides all features that are required to develop a graphical user interface as ready to use components. The Programmers does not have to write code to create and display commonly required user-friendly feature each time around. When the programmer needs a specific user interface such as a buttons, he selects the appropriate ready to use components provided by the visual programming environment. These components can be moved, resized and renamed as required. For exp.-, If the programmer needs to have a button then the visual programming environment provides him with one. All that, the programmers does is, select a button and place it on screen at the required position. The following is the screen of visual basic with button placed on it. Typically, the mouse is used to select and place the necessary component. Thus, the visual programming environment is also called a point and click environment.
A Visual programming automates the process of creating a user interface. The interface provided by the visual programming environment to the programmer is called the Visual interface. Using the visual interface, the programmer design the usr interface visually Instead of writing code. In addition, the visual programming environment also provides a means of associating code that the code is to execute when we click on it.
Advantages of Visual Programming: 1. Visual programming enables. 2. Visual development of graphical user interface which are easy to use and easy to learn. 3. A programmer need not write code to display the required components. 4. The visual programming environment displays a list of available components. 5. The programmer picks up the required components from the list to display it. 6. The components can be moved, resized and even deleted, if so required. 7. There is no restriction on the number of controls that can be placed on a form. 8. The programmer can create the user interface visually, he can align and move of size the components as required without having to resort the writing code. 9. The interface components provided by the visually programming environment have some. 10. Code built into them.
For example, a button knows when it has clicked upon. In the case of conventional programming tools, the programmer has to write code to determine the components that has been clicked and then execute the appropriate code.
Disadvantages of Visual Programming: 1. While visual programming makes it very simple to create complex user interface, it suffers from some disadvantages. 2. As the name implies, the entire process of developing an application using a visual development environment is visual. Thus the development environment in itself is graphical in nature and therefore requires more memory. 3. Visual development environments require computers of a higher configuration in comparison to the conventional programming tools. 4. Large capacity hard disk. 5. More RAM. 6. Faster processor. 7. Primarily, visual development environments can be used only with GUI operating systems such as windows.
Having been introduced to the concept of visual programming, we now explore some often used visual interface component is: Menu Bar Form Toolbar Properties Window Project Window Code Window Object Browser Here we will give some brief information about all of these visual components
Menu Bar :Menu Bar is a medium, which provides a way to perform diverse actions. This is displayed directly below the title bar and includes a list of menu bar option. Each option of the menu bar has a drop down list of menu item that is related to the option. For example, the View menu contains options for viewing code or form and other windows in the Visual Basic environment.
Form :A Form is one of the main building blocks in a Visual Basic application. User interacts with the control on the form to obtain the desired result. In the design mode, you see a grid of dots on the form. The grid helps the user to line up the control at the time of designing. The dots disappear in the run time mode.
Application written in Visual Basic includes at least one form. The form becomes the first on screen windows a user sees while running a program.
Toolbox :Toolbox is a window that provides a set of tools that are used at design time to place control on a form. The button in the toolbox is called control figure displays the various control in toolbox.
Properties Windows :Properties Windows lists the property setting for the selected form or control. A property is a characteristic of an object, such as size, caption or color. The property window displays the properties of one object at a one, which is currently selected. The information in a property window changes as you select different objects on the form. Properties can be viewed as alphabetically or category wise by clicking on the option present on the property window. Clicking on any properties displays a brief description of the property at the bottom of the window.
Project Window :The Project Window lists the form and module in the current project as displays in the figure. A project is a collection of files used to build an application. A project file contains the list of names and disk location of all flies needed for the project. A project has at least one form. It can have more than one form. The same form can be added to another project file any changes made to a form in one project file will be reflected in another project at the same time.
Code Window :-
The visual code editor is a window where most of the code is written. It is a special word processor with a number of features that make writing visual basic code lot easier.
Object Browser :Object browser is another window available from the view menu. It lists object for use in the project and gives way to navigate through a code.
Back-End Used:-
MS-Access
Access is a powerful multi-user DBMS developed by Microsoft Corp. it can be used to store and manipulate large amounts of information and automated repetitive tasks, such as maintaining an inventory and generating invoices. By using and create meaningful reports. Data in access is organized in the form of tables. With in a table, records are arranged according to a common reference value, known as the primary key or the key field. The value in key field is different for every record and thus helps in uniquely identifying records. A combination of two or more fields can also be used as the primary key. Such combination is called a composite key. Since a value in one table can be replicated across other tables, there should be a way to maintain relation between two tables. This relation is implemented through the concept of a foreign key. A foreign key in a table is a field, which links that table to another table. Databases in access have a default extension of mdb. Access also maintains index file for tables. An index is an internal table of values that Access maintains to store the order of records. Index objects thus provide efficient access to data.
Database indexes work just like book indexes. When you want to find a particular topic in a book, you turn to the index and look up the page number. Then you turn to the relevant page. Similarly, it does not duplicate in the data itself. Nor does it change the sequence in which data is stored in the table.
It is used to store to different type of database that consist of distinct type of fields. A database is a collection of data and objects related to a particular topic or
purpose. MS Access is a RDBMS. RDBMS is a set of two dimensional tables in which the data is represented in row and columns. A relationship between the tables can be build. When a report has to be generated, a relationship can be built the report. In this manner only the data required is displayed. Many benefit of Microsoft MS Access using as back end tool, which are as follows: 1. Graphical 2. No Coding 3. Different types and different size of fields. 4. Compatibility with window base software. 5. Can be used as back end. 6. Readymade template. 7. Facility of primary key and other constraints.
System Analysis
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
System analysis is an activity that encompasses most of the tasks that have collectively called computer system Engineering. It is conducted with the following objectives in mind: o Identify the users needs. o Evaluate the system concept for feasibility. o Perform the technical and economical analysis. o Allocate functions to hardware, software, people, database, and their system elements. o Establish cost and time scheduled constraints. o Create a system definition that forms the foundation for all subsequent engineering work.
Need of computerization:
Computerization is needed to remove the bottlenecks and limitations of the existing system. Some of the important merits of computerization are: o Better customer services o Improved staff efficiency and reduced workload o Fast access of information o Increase the capability of handing date o Increase the organization revenue o Higher reliability o Provide security aspects
Benefits of Computerization:
After the computerization of billing system the problem can be removed to a great extent, for example: o Responses time will be reduced. o The workload of the staff is currently very high will be reduced. o Improved customer satisfaction. o Easy accessing of records. o Security of records.
Design Objectives
The primary objectives of the design are to deliver the requirements as specified in the feasibility report. In general, the following design objectives should be kept in mind: 1. Practically: The system must be stable and can be operated by people with average. 2. Efficiency: This involves accuracy, timeliness and comprehensiveness of the system output. 3. Cost: It is desirable to aim for a system with a minimum cost subject to the condition that it must satisfy all the requirements Flexibility: The system should be modifiable depending on the changing needs of the software. Security: This is very important aspect of the design and should covers areas of hardware ability fall back procedures, physical security of data and provision for detection of fraud and abuse.
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
The first step in the system development is the preliminary investigation. The purpose of the preliminary investigation is to evaluate project requests. It is the collecting of information that helps committee members to evaluate the merits of the project request and make an informed judgement about the feasibility of the process project.
PROBLEM DEFINITION
While doing analysis of the system our first goal is definition of the problem i.e. to understand actually, what is the problem? In this system the problem is that how to manage the process of playing songs so that we can get the different functions easily. For this, first of all I gained the knowledge about present software in use. How these software works, how the manage the analyst how they manage the ID3 tags how reports and outputs are generated. Different software provides different information, each and every information has its own merits and demerits.
For developing this system, I understand the problem through discussion with the personnel of the Recruitment section of the company. As an interviewer, I asked them about the problems that they face in present software and also I asked any new features they want. Questionnaires are On-site observation are also used by me so that I can completely understand the problem (project) and define the problem in an easy and understandable way and different aspects of the problem can be considered. Result of above process is problem definition that is: A system is required that can manage the whole process related of hotel management generate accurate reports and outputs"
Feasibility Study
The objective of feasibility is not to solve the problem but to acquire a sense of its scope. During the study, the problem definition is crystallized and the aspects of the problem are included in the system to be determined. All projects are feasible-given unlimited resources and infinite time. Unfortunately, the development of a computer based system or product is more likely plagued by a scarcity of resources and difficult delivery dates. It is both necessarily and prudent to evaluate the feasibility of a project at the earliest possible time. Months or years of effort, thousands or millions of rupees, and untold professional embossment can be averted if an ill-conceived system is recognized early in the definition phase.
It is always necessary to carry out a feasibility study for the development of new product system forms the following viewpoints.
1. Does there exist any bottleneck that may turn the process of development a futile exercise? 2. Will the cost of new system be exorbitant i.e. the solution economically feasible? 3. Are there any legal restriction imposed by the Government or any other regulated body? 4. Does the new system have any social repercussions? 5. Will this change meet any opposition from any quarter or section of the people?
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY
Hardware Costs: It include the cost of actual purchase or lease of the computer peripherals used to develop the project. Determining the actual cost of hardware is generally difficult when various users than for a dedicated stand alone system share the system. Since the company is providing me the computer, multimedia kit and other peripherals for the development of the software, I do not take this cost into account.
Personal costs It include staff salaries, benefits (health insurance, vacation time, sick pay, etc.) as well as pay fie those involved in developing the software. In our case I am the only person, company employees help somewhat so this cost is also negligible. Facility costs It include wiring flooring, acoustics, lightning and air conditioning. These are the one-time costs, but are not applicable in my case as the company is providing us these facilities. Operating CostsThese costs are the overhead costs charged on the basis of computer time, staff time and the volume of the output produced. This is also not applicable with me, as I am free to use the system anytime.
Supply costs All the outputs are to be saved on hard disk as a soft copy so this cost is also negligible. Benefits Software is also expected to provide benefits like improved performance and minimized costs of processing. In our case, the benefits are tangible as well as intangible such as time saving, user friendly software good performance, reliability etc. The benefits outweigh costs in my software. It requires nominal economic sources and will not cause extra expenditure hence it is economically feasible.
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
This is the most difficult area to access at this stage of this system development process. The consideration that are associated with this are development risk can the system be designed so that necessary function and performance are achieved within the constraints. Resources availability is must to be technical feasible for a system. The resources include both hardware and software requirement to be build the system. The system can never be feasible if the technology to support the system does not exit. In our case we require the following resources Hardware 1. Pentium processor, with 64 MBRAM at server. 2. Pentium processor, with 32 MBRAM at client. 3. Minimum secondary memory required for software is 50 MB except Database. Software 1 2. Visual Basic 6.0. Win95 or Win98.
OPERATONAL FEASIBILITY
People are inherently resistant to change whereas computers have been known to facilitate change. The new system is behaviorally feasible, as its proposed ease of operability would not deter the user to avoid it. A little training is required for users and user are willing for this change, as they themselves are tried off from the existing system, so there are no operational implication. So this software has the feature of operational feasibility.
System Design
Database Design
Hawker_Detail Table
Field Name
Hawker_Id Name Age Address City State Phone_no Sex
Data Type
Number Text Number Text Text Text Number Text
Press_Details Table
Field Name
Paper_id Paper_name Date Total_copies Price Amount
Data Type
Number Text Date/Time Number Number Number
Paper_Detail Table
Field Name
Paper_Id Paper_name
Data Type
Number Text
Data Type
Number Text Date/Time Number Text Number Text Number Text Number Text Number Text Number Text Number Text Number Text Number Text Number Text Number Text Number
Field Name
Paper_name Paper_price
Data Type
Text Number
Total_copies Table
Field Name
Paper_id Name Date Total_copies
Data Type
Number Text Date/Time Number
Profit/Loss Table
Field Name
Month Year
Data Type
Number Text
Expenses Table
Field Name
Month Year Total_Expenses Amount_Paid Amount_Received Profit/Loss
Data Type
Number Text Number Number Number Number
Forms Design :
Design of Expenses
Coding
End Sub Private Sub Timer5_Timer() Label7.ForeColor = RGB(200, 0, 0) Timer6.Enabled = True Timer4.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer6_Timer() Label7.ForeColor = RGB(200, 0, 200) Timer4.Enabled = True Timer5.Enabled = False Timer6.Enabled = False End Sub
Private Sub cmdcancel_Click() txtname.Text = "" txtpassword.Text = "" End Sub Private Sub cmdexit_Click() End End Sub Private Sub cmdsave_Click() If ((Trim(txtname.Text) = "Administrator" Or (Trim(txtname.Text) = "administrator")) And ((Trim(txtpassword.Text) = "password" Or (Trim(txtpassword.Text) = "Password")))) Then Form11.visible = True Form4.Visible = False Else MsgBox "Please enter a valid user name or password or there may be CapsLock is accidently on", vbCritical, "Login" txtname.SetFocus txtname.Text = "" End If End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() txtname.Text = "" txtpassword.Text = "" End Sub Private Sub Timer1_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(200, 0, 0) Timer2.Enabled = True Timer1.Enabled = False
Timer3.Enabled = False Timer4.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = False Timer6.Enabled = False Timer7.Enabled = False Timer8.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer10_Timer() Label4.ForeColor = RGB(200, 0, 200) Timer11.Enabled = True Timer10.Enabled = False Timer9.Enabled = False Timer12.Enabled = False Timer13.Enabled = False Timer14.Enabled = False Timer15.Enabled = False Timer16.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer11_Timer() Label4.ForeColor = RGB(180, 80, 20) Timer12.Enabled = True Timer11.Enabled = False Timer10.Enabled = False Timer13.Enabled = False Timer14.Enabled = False Timer15.Enabled = False Timer16.Enabled = False Timer9.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer12_Timer() Label4.ForeColor = RGB(0, 100, 100) Timer13.Enabled = True Timer12.Enabled = False Timer11.Enabled = False Timer10.Enabled = False Timer9.Enabled = False Timer14.Enabled = False Timer15.Enabled = False Timer16.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer13_Timer() Label4.ForeColor = RGB(100, 20, 90)
Timer14.Enabled = True Timer12.Enabled = False Timer11.Enabled = False Timer10.Enabled = False Timer9.Enabled = False Timer15.Enabled = False Timer16.Enabled = False Timer13.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer14_Timer() Label4.ForeColor = RGB(200, 0, 250) Timer15.Enabled = True Timer14.Enabled = False Timer13.Enabled = False Timer12.Enabled = False Timer11.Enabled = False Timer10.Enabled = False Timer9.Enabled = False Timer16.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer15_Timer() Label4.ForeColor = RGB(120, 18, 100) Timer16.Enabled = True Timer15.Enabled = False Timer14.Enabled = False Timer13.Enabled = False Timer12.Enabled = False Timer11.Enabled = False Timer10.Enabled = False Timer9.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer16_Timer() Label4.ForeColor = RGB(50, 0, 200) Timer9.Enabled = True Timer10.Enabled = False Timer11.Enabled = False Timer12.Enabled = False Timer13.Enabled = False Timer14.Enabled = False Timer15.Enabled = False Timer16.Enabled = False End Sub
Private Sub Timer2_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(200, 0, 0) Timer3.Enabled = True Timer1.Enabled = False Timer2.Enabled = False Timer4.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = False Timer6.Enabled = False Timer7.Enabled = False Timer8.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer3_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(20, 200, 200) Timer4.Enabled = True Timer1.Enabled = False Timer3.Enabled = False Timer2.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = False Timer6.Enabled = False Timer7.Enabled = False Timer8.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer4_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(200, 0, 200) Timer5.Enabled = True Timer1.Enabled = False Timer3.Enabled = False Timer4.Enabled = False Timer2.Enabled = False Timer6.Enabled = False Timer7.Enabled = False Timer8.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer5_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(20, 34, 127) Timer6.Enabled = True Timer1.Enabled = False Timer3.Enabled = False Timer4.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = False Timer2.Enabled = False Timer7.Enabled = False Timer8.Enabled = False
End Sub Private Sub Timer6_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(20, 232, 20) Timer7.Enabled = True Timer1.Enabled = False Timer3.Enabled = False Timer4.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = False Timer6.Enabled = False Timer2.Enabled = False Timer8.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer7_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(30, 30, 65) Timer8.Enabled = True Timer1.Enabled = False Timer3.Enabled = False Timer4.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = False Timer6.Enabled = False Timer7.Enabled = False Timer2.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer8_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(200, 90, 22) Timer1.Enabled = True Timer2.Enabled = False Timer3.Enabled = False Timer4.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = False Timer6.Enabled = False Timer7.Enabled = False Timer8.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer9_Timer() Label4.ForeColor = RGB(20, 32, 220) Timer10.Enabled = True Timer9.Enabled = False Timer11.Enabled = False Timer12.Enabled = False Timer13.Enabled = False Timer14.Enabled = False Timer15.Enabled = False
Timer16.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub txtname_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = 13 Then txtpassword.SetFocus End If End Sub
Private Sub a_Click() form3.Show End Sub Private Sub c1_Click() Form2.Show End Sub Private Sub e_Click() End End Sub Private Sub e2_Click() Form7.Show End Sub Private Sub f1_Click() Form1.Visible = True End Sub Private Sub f2_Click() Form4.Visible = True End Sub Private Sub f3_Click() form3.Visible = True End Sub Private Sub h1_Click() Form5.Show End Sub Private Sub MDIForm_MouseDown(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single)
If Button = 2 Then PopupMenu f End If End Sub Private Sub p2_Click() Form6.Show End Sub Private Sub r1_Click() DataReport1.Show End Sub Private Sub r3_Click() Form13.Show End Sub Private Sub r4_Click() Form12.Show End Sub Private Sub s1_Click() Form8.Show End Sub Private Sub s2_Click() Form9.Show End Sub
Data1.Refresh Data1.Recordset.MoveFirst While (Data1.Recordset.EOF = False) a = Data1.Recordset.Fields("hawker_detail") If Trim(UCase(txtsearch.Text)) = Trim(a) Then s=0 GoTo kk End If Data1.Recordset.MoveNext Wend kk: If s = 1 Then MsgBox "No Match Found For This HawkerId", vbInformation + vbOKOnly End If End Sub Private Sub cmdmovefirst_Click() Data1.Recordset.MoveFirst MsgBox "You have reached on the first record" End Sub Private Sub cmdmovelast_Click() Data1.Recordset.MoveLast MsgBox "You have reached on the last record" End Sub Private Sub cmdmovenext_Click() If Data1.Recordset.EOF = True Then Data1.Recordset.MoveLast Else Data1.Recordset.MoveNext End If End Sub Private Sub cmdnew_Click() Dim i As Integer Data1.Refresh If Data1.Recordset.EOF And Data1.Recordset.BOF Then i=0 Else Data1.Recordset.MoveLast i = Val(Mid(Data1.Recordset.Fields("hawker_detail"), 2)) End If Data1.Recordset.AddNew i=i+1 txthawkerid = "H" + Trim(Str(i))
End Sub Private Sub cmdrefresh_Click() txtsearch.Text = "" End Sub Private Sub cmdsave_Click() If (Trim(txthawkerid.Text)) = "" Then MsgBox "Enter the id of Hawker of your choice" txthawkerid.SetFocus ElseIf (Trim(txtname.Text)) = "" Then MsgBox "Enter the name of the hawker" txtname.SetFocus ElseIf (Trim(txtage.Text)) = "" Then MsgBox "Enter the age of the Hawker" txtage.SetFocus ElseIf (Trim(txtsex.Text)) = "" Then MsgBox "Enter the sex of the Hawker" txtsex.SetFocus ElseIf (Trim(txtaddress.Text)) = "" Then MsgBox "Enter the address of the Hawker" txtaddress.SetFocus ElseIf (Trim(txtcity.Text)) = "" Then MsgBox "Enter the city of the Hawker" txtcity.SetFocus ElseIf (Trim(txtstate.Text)) = "" Then MsgBox "Enter the state of the Hawker" txtstate.SetFocus ElseIf (Trim(txtphone.Text)) = "" Then MsgBox "Enter phone number of the hawker" txtphone.SetFocus Else Data1.Recordset.Update MsgBox "Record has been Saved" End If End Sub Private Sub cmdsearch_Click() s = MsgBox("Do you want search a record", vbYesNo) If s = vbYes Then Frame1.Visible = True End If If s = vbNo Then Frame1.Visible = False MsgBox "Click proper command according to operation" End If
End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() Frame1.Visible = False End Sub Private Sub Timer1_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(250, 0, 230) Timer2.Enabled = True Timer1.Enabled = False Timer3.Enabled = False Timer4.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer2_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(220, 50, 100) Timer2.Enabled = False Timer1.Enabled = False Timer3.Enabled = True Timer4.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer3_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(180, 20, 180) Timer2.Enabled = False Timer1.Enabled = False Timer3.Enabled = False Timer4.Enabled = True Timer5.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer4_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(200, 200, 20) Timer2.Enabled = False Timer1.Enabled = False Timer3.Enabled = False Timer4.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = True End Sub Private Sub Timer5_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(250, 0, 90) Timer2.Enabled = False Timer1.Enabled = True
Timer3.Enabled = False Timer4.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub txtaddress_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = 13 Then txtcity.SetFocus End If End Sub Private Sub txtage_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = 13 Then txtsex.SetFocus End If End Sub Private Sub txtcity_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = 13 Then txtstate.SetFocus End If End Sub Private Sub txthawkerid_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = 13 Then txtname.SetFocus End If End Sub Private Sub txtname_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = 13 Then txtage.SetFocus End If End Sub Private Sub txtphone_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = 13 Then cmdnew.SetFocus End If End Sub Private Sub txtsex_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = 13 Then txtaddress.SetFocus End If End Sub
Private Sub txtstate_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = 13 Then txtphone.SetFocus End If End Sub
Option Explicit Private Sub cmdclear_Click() Data1.Recordset.Edit End Sub Private Sub cmdclose_Click() Frame1.Visible = False End Sub Private Sub cmddelete_Click() Data1.Recordset.Delete If Data1.Recordset.EOF = True Then Data1.Recordset.MovePrevious Else Data1.Recordset.MoveNext End If End Sub Private Sub cmdexit_Click() Unload Me End Sub Private Sub cmdfind_Click() Dim a As String Dim s As Integer s=1 Data1.Refresh Data1.Recordset.MoveFirst While (Data1.Recordset.EOF = False) a = Data1.Recordset.Fields("paper_id") If Trim(txtsearch.Text) = Trim(a) Then s=0 GoTo out
End If Data1.Recordset.MoveNext Wend out: If s = 1 Then MsgBox "No Match Found For This paperId", vbInformation + vbOKOnly End If End Sub Private Sub cmdfirst_Click() Data1.Refresh Data1.Recordset.MoveFirst MsgBox "You have reached on the first record" End Sub Private Sub cmdlast_Click() Data1.Refresh Data1.Recordset.MoveLast MsgBox "You have reached on the last record" End Sub Private Sub cmdnew_Click() Dim i As Integer Data1.Refresh If Data1.Recordset.BOF And Data1.Recordset.EOF Then i=0 Else Data1.Recordset.MoveLast i = Data1.Recordset.Fields("paper_id") End If Data1.Recordset.AddNew txtpaperid.Text = i + 1 txtpapername.Text = "" End Sub Private Sub cmdnext_Click() If Data1.Recordset.EOF = True Then Data1.Recordset.MoveLast Else Data1.Recordset.MoveNext End If End Sub Private Sub cmdprevious_Click() If Data1.Recordset.BOF = True Then
Data1.Recordset.MoveFirst Else Data1.Recordset.MovePrevious End If End Sub Private Sub cmdrefresh_Click() txtsearch.Text = "" End Sub Private Sub cmdsave_Click() If (Trim(txtpaperid.Text)) = "" Then MsgBox "Enter the newspaperid of your choice" txtpaperid.SetFocus ElseIf (Trim(txtpapername.Text)) = "" Then MsgBox "Enter the name of the paper" txtpapername.SetFocus Else Data1.Recordset.Update MsgBox "Record has been Saved" End If End Sub Private Sub cmdsearch_Click() Dim s As Integer s = MsgBox("Do you want search a record", vbYesNo) If s = vbYes Then Frame1.Visible = True End If If s = vbNo Then Frame1.Visible = False MsgBox "Click proper command according to operation" End If End Sub Private Sub Timer1_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(250, 0, 230) Timer2.Enabled = True Timer1.Enabled = False Timer3.Enabled = False Timer4.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer2_Timer()
Label1.ForeColor = RGB(220, 50, 100) Timer2.Enabled = False Timer1.Enabled = False Timer3.Enabled = True Timer4.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer3_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(180, 20, 180) Timer2.Enabled = False Timer1.Enabled = False Timer3.Enabled = False Timer4.Enabled = True Timer5.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Timer4_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(200, 200, 20) Timer2.Enabled = False Timer1.Enabled = False Timer3.Enabled = False Timer4.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = True End Sub Private Sub Timer5_Timer() Label1.ForeColor = RGB(250, 0, 90) Timer2.Enabled = False Timer1.Enabled = True Timer3.Enabled = False Timer4.Enabled = False Timer5.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub txtpaperid_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = 13 Then txtpaperid.SetFocus End If End Sub Private Sub txtpapername_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = 13 Then txtpapername.SetFocus End If
Private Sub cmdfind_Click() Dim p As Integer p=1 Data3.Recordset.MoveFirst While (Data3.Recordset.EOF) = False If Trim(txtfind.Text) = Data3.Recordset.Fields("paper_name") And Val(Text7.Text) = Val(Data3.Recordset.Fields("pdate")) Then p=0 Combo1.Text = Data3.Recordset.Fields(0) Text2.Text = Data3.Recordset.Fields(1) Text3.Text = Data3.Recordset.Fields(2) Text4.Text = Data3.Recordset.Fields(3) Text5.Text = Data3.Recordset.Fields(4) Text6.Text = Data3.Recordset.Fields(5) Frame3.Visible = False Exit Sub End If Data3.Recordset.MoveNext Wend If p = 1 Then MsgBox ("Record not found") End If End Sub Private Sub Combo1_Change() Data2.Recordset.MoveFirst While Data2.Recordset.EOF = False If Combo1.Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper_id") Then Text2.Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper_name") Text3.Text = pdate Data5.Refresh Data5.Recordset.MoveFirst While Data5.Recordset.EOF = False If Text2.Text = Data5.Recordset.Fields("Paper_Name") Then Text5.Text = Data5.Recordset.Fields("Paper_Price") Exit Sub End If Data5.Recordset.MoveNext Wend Exit Sub End If
Data2.Recordset.MoveNext Wend End Sub Private Sub Combo1_Click() Data2.Recordset.MoveFirst While Data2.Recordset.EOF = False If Combo1.Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper_id") Then Text2.Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper_name") Text3.Text = pdate Data5.Refresh Data5.Recordset.MoveFirst While Data5.Recordset.EOF = False If Text2.Text = Data5.Recordset.Fields("Paper_Name") Then Text5.Text = Data5.Recordset.Fields("Paper_Price") Exit Sub End If Data5.Recordset.MoveNext Wend Exit Sub End If Data2.Recordset.MoveNext Wend End Sub Private Sub Combo2_Click() txtfind.Text = Combo2.Text End Sub Private Sub Command1_Click() Data1.Recordset.AddNew End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() Data1.Recordset.CancelUpdate End Sub Private Sub Command3_Click() Data1.Recordset.Edit End Sub Private Sub Command4_Click() Frame3.Visible = True Data4.Recordset.MoveFirst While Data4.Recordset.EOF = False Combo2.AddItem Data4.Recordset.Fields("paper_name")
Data4.Recordset.MoveNext Wend End Sub Private Sub Command5_Click() Unload Me End Sub Private Sub Command6_Click() Frame3.Visible = False End Sub Private Sub Command7_Click() txtfind.Text = "" Combo2.Text = "" Text7.Text = "" End Sub Private Sub Command8_Click() Frame1.Visible = False End Sub Private Sub DTPicker1_Change() Text7.Text = DTPicker1.Value End Sub Private Sub Command9_Click() If (Text1.Text = "") Then MsgBox "Please select the paper id " ElseIf (Text2.Text = "") Then MsgBox "Please enter the paper name" ElseIf (Text3.Text = "") Then MsgBox "Please enter the date" ElseIf (Text4.Text = "") Then MsgBox "Please enter the total copies of the paper" ElseIf (Text5.Text = "") Then MsgBox "Please enter the price of the paper" Else Data1.Recordset.Update MsgBox "Your Record has been saved", vbInformation End If End Sub Private Sub Form_activate() Combo1.Clear Data2.Recordset.MoveFirst
While Data2.Recordset.EOF = False Combo1.AddItem Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper_id") Data2.Recordset.MoveNext Wend Data2.Refresh Text5.Enabled = False End Sub Private Sub Text4_Change() a = Text4.Text b = Text5.Text Text6.Text = Val(a) * Val(b) End Sub
Dim j As Integer Private Sub cmbhawkerid_Click() a=0 b=0 Data2.Refresh Data2.Recordset.MoveFirst While Data2.Recordset.EOF = False If Trim(cmbhawkerid.Text) = Data2.Recordset.Fields("hawker_detail") Then txtname.Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("name") GoTo a2 End If Data2.Recordset.MoveNext Wend a2: Dim d As Date d = txtdate.Text While Data6.Recordset.EOF = False If DateDiff("d", txtdate, Data6.Recordset.Fields("pdate")) = 0 Then a = Data6.Recordset.Fields("total_copies") b=b+a End If Data6.Recordset.MoveNext Wend Text6.Text = b End Sub Private Sub cmdexit_Click() Unload Me End Sub Private Sub cmdnew_Click() Data3.Recordset.AddNew txtdate.Text = Date
End Sub Private Sub cmdsave_Click() If Len(Trim(cmbhawkerid.Text)) = 0 Then MsgBox "Enter the hawkerid of your choice" cmbhawkerid.SetFocus ElseIf Len(Trim(txtname.Text)) = 0 Then MsgBox "Enter the hawker name" txtname.SetFocus ElseIf Len(Trim(txtdate.Text)) = 0 Then MsgBox "Enter the date of each newspaper" txtdate.SetFocus ElseIf Len(Trim(txtamount.Text)) = 0 Then MsgBox "Enter the total amount" txtamount.SetFocus Else Data3.Recordset.Update MsgBox "Record has been Saved" End If End Sub Private Sub cmdupdate_Click() Data2.Recordset.Edit End Sub Private Sub Form_activate() Data1.Recordset.MoveFirst For j = 0 To 9 Text1(j).Enabled = False Next j i=0 While Data1.Recordset.EOF = False Text1(i).Text = Data1.Recordset.Fields("paper_name") i=i+1 Data1.Recordset.MoveNext Wend Data2.Recordset.MoveFirst While Data2.Recordset.EOF = False cmbhawkerid.AddItem Data2.Recordset.Fields("hawker_detail") Data2.Recordset.MoveNext Wend End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() txtdate.Text = Date End Sub
Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim days As Date days = txtdate.Text For i = 0 To 9 If Text4(i) = "" Then Text4(i) = "0" End If Next i Dim a As Double Dim Z As Double Dim k As Double Dim flag As Integer k=0 Z=0 For i = 0 To 9 flag = 1 Data4.Refresh Data4.Recordset.MoveFirst While Data4.Recordset.EOF = False If Data4.Recordset.Fields("PAPER_NAME") = Trim(Text1(i).Text) And (DateDiff("d", days, Data4.Recordset.Fields("pdate")) = 0) Then k = Data4.Recordset.Fields("Price") flag = 0 MsgBox k a = Val(Text4(i).Text) Z=Z+k*a End If Data4.Recordset.MoveNext Wend If flag = 1 Then Text4(i).Text = 0 End If Next i txtamount.Text = Z End Sub
Option Explicit Private Sub cmdenter_Click() Dim a As Double Dim p As Boolean p=0 While (Data1.Recordset.EOF = False) If ((txtmonth.Text) = Data1.Recordset.Fields("month") And (txtyear.Text) = Data1.Recordset.Fields("year")) Then p=0 Text1.Text = Data1.Recordset.Fields("Total_Expenses") Text2.Text = Data1.Recordset.Fields("Amount_Paid") Text3.Text = Data1.Recordset.Fields("Amount_Received") End If Data1.Recordset.MoveNext Wend If p = 1 Then MsgBox "No Record for the given month or year", vbInformation txtmonth.SetFocus txtmonth.Text = "" txtyear.Text = "" Exit Sub End If Frame1.Visible = True a = Val(Text1.Text) + Val(Text2.Text) Text4.Text = Val(Text3.Text) - a Text1.Enabled = False Text2.Enabled = False Text3.Enabled = False Text4.Enabled = False If (Val(Text4.Text) < 0) Then MsgBox "Loss: " & Text4.Text Else MsgBox "Gain: " & Text4.Text
End If End Sub Private Sub cmdexit_Click() MDIForm1.Show Form5.Hide End Sub Private Sub cmdsearch_Click() txtmonth.Text = "" txtyear.Text = "" End Sub Private Sub Command1_Click() Frame1.Visible = False End Sub
Coding Of Expenses
Private Sub Command1_Click() If Text1.Text = "" Then MsgBox "Plese enter the value of total Number of Expenses " ElseIf Text2.Text = "" Then MsgBox "Please enter the value of Amount Paid" ElseIf Text3.Text = "" Then MsgBox "Please enter the value of Amount Paid" ElseIf Text4.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Please enter the value of Month" ElseIf Text5.Text = "" Then MsgBox "Please enter the value of Year" Else Data1.Recordset.Update MsgBox "Your Record Has Been Saved", vbInformation End If End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() Unload Me End Sub Private Sub Command3_Click() Data1.Refresh Data1.Recordset.AddNew Text6.Text = "" End Sub Private Sub Command4_Click() Data1.Recordset.MoveFirst MsgBox "You Have Reached On The First Record" End Sub Private Sub Command5_Click() If Data1.Recordset.EOF = True Then Data1.Recordset.MoveFirst Else Data1.Recordset.MoveNext End If End Sub Private Sub Command6_Click() If Data1.Recordset.BOF = True Then Data1.Recordset.MoveFirst Else Data1.Recordset.MovePrevious End If End Sub Private Sub Command7_Click() Data1.Recordset.MoveLast MsgBox "You Have Reached On The Last Record" End Sub
Private Sub Command8_Click() Data1.Recordset.Edit End Sub Private Sub Text3_CLICK() Dim a As Double a = Val(Text1.Text) + Val(Text2.Text) b = Val(Text3.Text) - Val(a) Text6 = b End Sub
Coding of Price
Private Sub Command11_Click() End End Sub Private Sub Command13_Click() Frame1.Visible = False End Sub Private Sub Command14_Click() Text3.Text = ""
End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() Data3.Recordset.CancelUpdate Private Sub Combo1_Click() Data1.Refresh While (Data1.Recordset.EOF = False) If Combo1.Text = Data1.Recordset.Fields("Paper_Name") Then Text2.Text = Data1.Recordset.Fields("Paper_Price") End If Data1.Recordset.MoveNext Wend End Sub End Sub Private Sub Command4_Click() Data3.Recordset.Edit Text2.Enabled = True End Sub Private Sub Command6_Click() Unload Me End Sub Private Sub Form_activate() Text2.Enabled = False Data2.Refresh Data2.Recordset.MoveFirst While (Data2.Recordset.EOF = False) Combo1.AddItem Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper_name") Data2.Recordset.MoveNext Wend End Sub
Data1.Refresh While (Data1.Recordset.EOF = False) If (Val(Trim(Text1.Text))) = Val(Data1.Recordset.Fields("hawker_id")) And Val(Text2.Text) = Val(Data1.Recordset.Fields("hdate")) Then p=0 Frame1.Visible = True Text3.Text = Data1.Recordset.Fields("hawker_id") Text4.Text = Data1.Recordset.Fields("name") Text5.Text = Data1.Recordset.Fields("hdate") Text6.Text = Data1.Recordset.Fields("amount") End If Data1.Recordset.MoveNext Wend If (p = 1) Then MsgBox "No Record Find", vbInformation Exit Sub End If Text7(0).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper1") Text7(1).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper2") Text7(2).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper3") Text7(3).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper4") Text7(4).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper5") Text7(5).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper6") Text7(6).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper7") Text7(7).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper8") Text7(8).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper9") Text7(9).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("paper10") Text8(0).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("copies1") Text8(1).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("copies2") Text8(2).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("copies3") Text8(3).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("copies4") Text8(4).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("copies5") Text8(5).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("copies") Text8(6).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("copies7") Text8(7).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("copies8") Text8(8).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("copies9") Text8(9).Text = Data2.Recordset.Fields("copies10") End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() End End Sub Private Sub Command3_Click() Frame1.Visible = False End Sub
Private Sub Command4_Click() Text1.Text = "" Text2.Text = "" Frame1.Visible = False End Sub Private Sub DTPicker1_Change() Text2.Text = DTPicker1.Value End Sub
Text6.Text = Data1.Recordset.Fields("total_copies") Text7.Text = Data1.Recordset.Fields("price") Text8.Text = Data1.Recordset.Fields("amount") End If Data1.Recordset.MoveNext Wend If (p = 1) Then MsgBox "No Record Find", vbInformation Exit Sub End If End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() End End Sub Private Sub Command3_Click() Frame1.Visible = False End Sub Private Sub Command4_Click() Text1.Text = "" Text2.Text = "" Frame1.Visible = False End Sub Private Sub DTPicker1_Change() Text2.Text = DTPicker1.Value End Sub
Private Sub Command1_Click() DataEnvironment1.Connection1.Open DataEnvironment1.Command3 Text1.Text DataReport3.Show End Sub Private Sub DTPicker1_Change() Text1.Text = DTPicker1 End Sub
Coding Of Press Invoice Private Sub Command1_Click() DataEnvironment1.Connection1.Open DataEnvironment1.Command2 Text1.Text DataReport2.Show End Sub Private Sub DTPicker1_Change() Text1.Text = DTPicker1 End Sub
Welcome Form
Authentication Form
MDI FORM
Hawker Detail
Paper Detail
Press Invoice
Hawker Invoice
Papers Price
Profit/Loss
Expenses
Search By Hawker Id
Search By Paper Id
System Testing
TESTING
TESTING PRINCIPLES
All tests should be traceable to customer requirments. As have have seen, the objective of software testing is to uncover errors. It follows that the most severe defects (from the customers point of view) are those that cause the program to fail to meet its requirements. Tests shiuld be planned long before testing begins. Test planning can begin as soon as the requirments madel is complete.Detailed defination of test cases can begin as soon as the design model has solidified. Therefore ,all tests can be planned and designed before any code has been genrated. The pareto principle applies to software testing.stated simply, the Pareto principle implies that 80 percent of all errors uncoved during testing will likely be traceable to 20 percent of all program modules. The problem, of course, is to isolate these suspect modules and to thoroughly test them.
Testing should being in the small and progress toward testingin the large. The first tests planned and executed generally focus on individual program modules. As testing progress, testing shifts focus in as attempts to find errors in integrated clusters of modules and ultimately in the entire system. Exhaustive testing is not possible. The number of path permutations for even a moderately sized program is exceptionally large .for this reason, it is impossible to execute every combination of paths during testing.it is possible,however, to adequalety cover program logic and to ensure that all conditions in the procedural design have been exercised. To be most effective,testing should be conducted by an independent third party.Bymost effective have mean testing that has the highest probability of finding errors(the primary objective of testing).
ATTRIBUTES OF A GOODTEST: 1. A good test has a high probability of finding an error. 2. A good test is not redundant. 3. A good test should be :best of breed 4. A good test should be neither too simple nor too complex.
that all independent paths within a module have been exercised at least once;(2) exercised all logical decisions on their true and false sides;(3) execute all loops at their boundaries and within their operational bounds;and(4) exerise internal data structures to assure their validity.
BLACK-BOX TESTING
Black-Box_Testing focuses on the funtional requirments of the software.That is,black-box testing enables the software engineer to derive sets of input conditios that will fully exercise all funtional requirments for a program.Blac-box testing is not an alternative to white-box techniques. Rather, it is a complementary approach that is likely to uncover a different class of errors than white-box methods. Black-box testing attempts to find errors in the errors in the following categories:1. Incorrect or missing funtions 2. Interface errors, 3. errors in data structures or external data base access, 4. Performance errors, and 5. Initialization and Termination errors.
TESTING STRATEGIES
Unit Testing (White-Box Testing) Unit Testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software design-the module. Using the procedural design description as a guide, important control paths are tested to cover errors within the boundary of the module. The relative complexity of tests and uncovered errors is limited by the constrained scope established for unit testing. The unit test is normally white-box oriented, and the step can be conducted in parallel for multiple modules. Integeration Testing Integeration Testing is a systematic technique for constructing the program structure while conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing. The objective is to take unit test modules and build a program structure that has been dictated by design. Alpha and Beta Testing The alpha test is conducted at the developers site by a customer. The software is used in a natural setting with the developer looking over the shoulder of the user and recording errors and usage problems. Alpha Tests are conducted in a controlled environment.
The Beta Test is conducted at one or more customer sites by the end user(s) of the software. Unlike alpha testing, the developer is generally not present. Therefore, the Beta test is a live application of the software in an environment that cannot be controlled by the developer. The customer records all problems(real or imagined) that are encountered during beta testing and reports these to the developer at regular intervals.
System Testing System Testing is actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully exercise the computer-based system. Although each test has a different purpose, all work to verify that all system elements have been properly integerated and perform allocated functions.
Recovery Testing Recovery testing is a system test that forces the software to final in a variety of ways and verifies that recovery is properly performed. Security Testing Security testing attempts to verify that protection mechanisms built into a system will in fact protect it from improper penetration. During security testing, the tester plays the role(s) of the individual who desires to penetrate the system. Stress Testing
Stress testing executes a system in a that demands resources in abnormal quantity, frequency or volume. For example, (1) special tests may be designed generate 10 interrupts per second, when one or two is sthe average rate. Performance Testing Performance testing is designed to test run-time performancve of software within the context of an integrated system. Performance testing occurs throughout all steps in the testing process. Even at the unit level, the performance of an individual module may be assessed as while box tests are conducted. However, it is not until all system elements are fully integrated that the true performance of a system can be ascertained.
The main advantage for user, he/she can handle this project that little know about the computer.
Disadvantages:
The main disadvantages of this project is the high initial implementation cost, which includes the purchasing of hardware, and software required for running the project. Everybody cannot buy the computer, and so it is not in the reach of every person. The knowledge of computer to run the project.
Bibliography
1. System Analysis & Design, Awad, Galgotia 2. System Analysis & Design Methods, Whitten, Bentley, Galgotia 3. Software Engineering Pressman, TMH 4. VB-6 Tech-Media Publication 5. Database Management System, C.J.Date, Navathe. 6. Visual Basic Reference Guide, Tech-media Publication. 7. Language Refrence (Microsoft Visual Basic), Microsoft Corporation 8. Mastering Visual Basic 6, Evengelos Petroutsos
9. Visual Basic 6 COMPLETE, BPB Publications