Economics New

KANNUR UNIVERSITY KANNUR UNIVERSITY KANNUR UNIVERSITY KANNUR UNIVERSITY
BA ECONOMICS/DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS BA ECONOMICS/DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS BA ECONOMICS/DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS BA ECONOMICS/DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

Syllabus Syllabus Syllabus Syllabus and course contents and course contents and course contents and course contents under under under under credit and credit and credit and credit and
semester system semester system semester system semester system- -- -2009 2009 2009 2009

2

KANNUR UNIVERSITY

BOARD OF STUDIES IN ECONOMICS (UG)

RESTRUCTURED CURRICULUM IN ECONOMICS

2009 ONWARDS

Economics is considered as a young science among the disciplines that come under Social Sciences and its
traditional boundaries are getting redefined with advances of economic activities and operations at the local
and global levels. Inter disciplinary approaches to teaching, learning and research activities have added
another dimension to the growth of Economics, both as an academic subject and as an applied branch of
scientific knowledge for socio-economic enquiry. It is well accepted that the concepts, methods and
approaches of Economics have become quite familiar tools in management studies and have formed an
integral part of interdisciplinary approaches in teaching, training, research and formulation of socio-political
and economic policies. The higher education sector all over the world is undergoing tremendous changes in
order to meet the transformations in socio-economic environment. The present syllabi need modifications
and improvements in the light of latest development in thought, technique and analysis and the rapidly
changing socio-economic environment of the country. The human resources available in the catchment area
of our university have to be equipped to meet the challenge of the times. This task with regard to the study
of Economics has been undertaken by the Board of Studies in Economics (U G) of Kannur University with
the guidance and assistance of State Higher Education Council and Kannur University. The Board has
conducted a Five Day workshop to develop a new curriculum. The workshop managed to develop a
curriculum that can impart professionalism and give insight into the newly emerged field of activities. A
curriculum design committee was formed under the leadership of the Members of the Board of Studies. A
good number of teachers and academicians within and outside the state contributed their knowledge,
experience and service to this academic exercise. The deliberation of the experts from various fields and
existing syllabi of different universities have been immensely useful for framing a new curriculum for BA
Economics. Before finalizing the syllabi, experts from other universities were also consulted and their
suggestions incorporated. The present system is the result of a restructuring endeavor and its prominent
features are Semesterization, Choice based credit programs, interdisciplinarity, Continuous
Evaluation, Grading, and such student oriented academic innovations.
R.SATHIANATHAN
CHAIRMAN, BOARD OF STUDIES
ECONOMICS (U G), KANNUR UNIVERSITY

3

INDEX

Contents Pages

1 Restructured Curriculum in Economics 2

2 Index 3

3 Kannur University Rules and Regulations

4 Number of Courses -BA Economics/BA Development Economics 4
5 Core Courses -BA Economics/Development Economics 5
6 Complementary Courses 6
7 Open Courses 7
8 Semester wise Courses-Course Code-Credit-Contact Hour Per
Week and Exam Hours- BA Economics 8

9 Semester wise Courses-Course Code-Credit-Contact Hour Per
Week and Exam Hours-BA Development Economics 9

10 Complementary Courses-Credit and Contact Hours 10
11 Open Courses -Credit and Contact Hours 11
12 Course-Semester Wise- BA Economics/BA Development Economics 12-15
13 Syllabus 16-95
14 Evaluation 96
15 Pattern of Question Paper 97
16 Model Question Paper 98-158

4

B A ECONOMICS

Total number of Common courses : 10

Total Credit : 38

Total number of
a) Core courses : 15
b) Complementary Courses : 4
Total Credits

Total number of Open Courses : 2

Total Credits : 4

Total Credit for B A Programme : 120

B A DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

Total number of Common courses : 10

Total Credit : 38

Total number of

Total Credits

Total number of Open Courses : 2

Total Credits : 4

Total Credits for B A Programme : 120
5

CORE COURSES CORE COURSES CORE COURSES CORE COURSES

MICRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS I
MICRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS II
MACRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS I
MACRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS II
METHODOLOGY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ECONOMICS
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
BASIC TOOLS FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS- I
BASIC TOOLS FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS- II
ECONOMICS OF FINANCIAL MARKET
PUBLIC FINANCE
DEVELOPMENT ISSUES OF INDIAN ECONOMY- I
DEVELOPMENT ISSUES OF INDIAN ECONOMY- II
ECONOMICS OF DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING- I
ECONOMICS OF DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING-II
INFORMATICS IN ECONOMICS
MODERN BANKING
ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
PROJECT WORK

6

COMPLEMENTARY COMPLEMENTARY COMPLEMENTARY COMPLEMENTARY COURSES COURSES COURSES COURSES

ECONOMICS / NON ECONOMICS FACULTY

Each Complementary Course is independent and the Colleges have the freedom
to select any one of the Complementary Courses

MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS-I
MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS-II
MATHEMATICS FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS- I
MATHEMATICS FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS- II
INTRODUCTORY ECONOMICS- I (FOR NON FOR NON FOR NON FOR NON
ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS FACULTY ONLY FACULTY ONLY FACULTY ONLY FACULTY ONLY)
INTRODUCTORY ECONOMICS- II (FOR NON FOR NON FOR NON FOR NON
ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS ECONOMICS FACULTY ONLY FACULTY ONLY FACULTY ONLY FACULTY ONLY)
HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT-I
HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT-II
BASIC ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
POPULATION STUDIES
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
REGIONAL ECONOMICS

7

OPEN COURSES OPEN COURSES OPEN COURSES OPEN COURSES

Five open Courses are listed during the V Semester. The Colleges have the
freedom to select any one of the Open Courses.

Semester Semester Semester Semester-V

ECONOMICS OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM
ENERGY ECONOMICS
ECONOMETRICS
INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS
KERALA ECONOMY

Semester Semester Semester Semester- -- -VI VI VI VI

Five open Courses are listed during the VI Semester. The Colleges have the
freedom to select any one of the Open Courses.

HEALTH ECONOMICS
INSURANCE ECONOMICS
ENTREPRENEURIAL ECONOMICS
LABOUR ECONOMICS
ECONOMICS OF MARKETING

8

B A ECONOMICS

CORE COURSES

SI
No
Course code Name of the paper Semester
in which
the paper
is offered
Credits
for each
paper
Contact
hours
per week
Examin-
ation
Time
1 1BO1-ECO Micro Economic Analysis-I I

4 6 3hrs
2 2B02-ECO Micro Economic Analysis-II

II 4 6 3
3 3B03-ECO Methodology of Social Sciences with
special reference to Economics
III 4 4 3
4 3B04-ECO Macro Economic Analysis-I

III 4 5 3
5 4B05-ECO Macro Economic Analysis-II

IV 4 5 3
6 4B06-ECO International Economics

IV 4 4 3
7 5B07-ECO Basic Tools for Economic Analysis I

V 4 6 3
8 5B08-ECO
Economics of Financial Market

V 4 4 3
9 5B09ECO Modern Banking

V 4 4 3
10 5B10--ECO Development Issues of Indian
Economy-I
V 4 5 3
11 5B11-ECO Environmental Economics

V 4 4 3
12 6B12-ECO Basic Tools for Economic Analysis II

VI 4 6 3
13 6B13--ECO Development Issues of Indian
Economy-II
VI 4 5 3
14 6B14-ECO Informatics in Economics

VI 4 5 3
15 6B15-ECO Public Finance

VI 4 5 3
6 P-ECO Project work

VI 2 2

9

SUBJECT: B A DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

CORE COURSES

SI
No
in which
the paper
is offered
Credits
for each
paper
Contact
hours
per week
Examin-
ation
Time
1 1B01-ECO Micro Economic Analysis-I I

4 6 3hrs
2 2B02-ECO Micro Economic Analysis-II

II 4 6 3
3 3B03-ECO Methodology of Social Sciences with
special reference to Economics
III 4 4 3
4 3B04-ECO Macro Economic Analysis-I

III 4 5 3
5 4B05-ECO Macro Economic Analysis-II

IV 4 5 3
6 4B06-ECO International Economics

IV 4 4 3
7 5B07-ECO Basic Tools for Economic Analysis I

V 4 6 3
8 5B08-ECO
Economics of Financial Markets
V 4 4 3
9 5B09-ECO Modern Banking

V 4 4 3
10 5B10--
DEVECO
Economics of Development and
Planning - I
V 4 5 3
11 5B11-ECO Environmental Economics

V 4 4 3
12 6B12-ECO Basic Tools for Economic Analysis II

VI 4 6 3
13 6B13
DEVECO
Economics of Development and
Planning-II
VI 4 5 3
14 6B14-ECO Informatics in Economics

VI 4 5 3
15 6B15-ECO Public Finance

VI 4 5 3
6 P-ECO Project work

VI 2 2

10

SUBJECT: B A ECONOMICS/DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

COMPLEMENTARY COURSES
Each Complementary Course is independent and the Colleges have the freedom to select
anyone of the Complementary Courses

SI
No
in which
the paper
is offered
Credits
for each
paper
Contact
hours
per week
Examin-
ation
Time
1 C01-ECO-
MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS-I

4 6 3hrs
2 C02-ECO
MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS-II

4 6 3
3 C03-ECO MATHEMATICS FOR ECONOMIC
ANALYSIS- I

4 6 3
4 C04-ECO MATHEMATICS FOR ECONOMIC
ANALYSIS- II

4 6 3
5 C05-ECO INTRODUCTORY ECONOMICS- I

4 6 3
6 C06-ECO INTRODUCTORY ECONOMICS- II

4 6 3
7 C07ECO HISTORY OF ECONOMIC
THOUGHT-I

4 6 3
8 C08ECO HISTORY OF ECONOMIC
THOUGHT-II

4 6 3
9 C09-ECO BASIC ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS

4 6 3
10 C-10ECO POULATION STUDIES

4 6 3
11 C-11ECO DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

4 6 3
12 C-12-ECO REGIONAL ECONOMICS

4 6 3

11

SUBJECT: B A ECONOMICS/DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

OPEN COURSES
Five open Courses are listed during the V Semester. The Colleges have the freedom to select
any one of the Open Courses.

SEMESTER-V

SI
No
in which
the paper
is offered
Credits
for each
paper
Contact
hours
per week
Examin-
ation
Time
1 5D01-ECO ECONOMICS OF TRAVEL AND
TOURISM
V 2 2 3hrs
2 5D02-ECO ENERGY ECONOMICS V 2 2 3
3 5D03-ECO ECONOMETRICS V 2 2 3
4 5D04-ECO INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS V 2 2 3
5 5D05-ECO KERALA ECONOMY V 2 2 3

OPEN COURSES
Five open Courses are listed during the VI Semester. The Colleges have the freedom to select
any one of the Open Courses.
SEMESTER-VI

SI
No
in which
the paper
is offered
Credits
for each
paper
Contact
hours
per week
Examin-
ation
Time
1 6D01-ECO HEALTH ECONOMICS VI 2 2 3hrs
2 6D02-ECO INSURANCE ECONOMICS VI 2 2 3
3 6D03-ECO ENTREPRENEURIAL
ECONOMICS
VI 2 2 3
4 6D04-ECO LABOUR ECONOMICS VI 2 2 3
5 6D05-ECO ECONOMICS OF MARKETING VI 2 2 3

12

B.A.ECONOMICS/DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
COURSE STRUCTURE UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
(Effective from 2009-2010)
Semester I
Course Code Course Category Course Title Hour

Credit Examination
Time
Common Course I

Common Course II

Common Course III

I B01-ECO

Core
Micro Economic
Analysis I

6

4
3hrs
Complementary I
6

4

3

Semester II
Course Code Course Category Course Title

Hour Credit Examination
Time
Common Course IV

Common Course V

Common Course VI

2 B02-ECO

Core
Micro Economic
Analysis II

6

4

3hrs
Complementary II
6

4

3

13

Semester III
Course Code Course Category Course Title Hour Credit Examination
Time
Common Course
VII

Common Course
VIII

3 B03-ECO
Core
Methodology of
Social sciences with
Special reference to
Economics

4

4

3hrs
3 B04-ECO Core Macro Economic
Analysis I

5

4

3
Complementary
III

6

4

3

Semester IV

Course
Code
Course Category Course Title

Hour Credit Examination
Time
Common Course IX

Common Course X

4 B05-ECO

Core
Macro Economic
Analysis II

5

4

3hrs
4 B06-ECO

Core International
Economics

4

4

3
Complementary IV

6

4

3

B.A.ECONOMICS
14

Semester V
Course Code Course Category Course Title Hour Credit Examination
Time

5B 07-ECO

Core
Basic Tools for
Economic
Analysis I

6

4
Theory- 2
hour

5 B08ECO
Core Economics of
Financial Markets

4

4

3
5 B09-ECO Core Modern Banking
4

4

3

5 B10-ECO
Core Development
Issues of Indian
Economy I

5

4

3

5 B11-ECO
Core Environmental
Economics

4

4

3
Open Course I
(Outside Stream)

2

2

3

B.A.DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
Semester V
Course
Code
Course Category Course Title Hour Credit Examination
Time

5 B07-ECO

Core
Basic Tools for
Economic Analysis
I

6

4

3hrs

5 B08-ECO
Core Economics of
Financial Markets

4

4

3hrs
5 B09-ECO Core Modern Banking
4

4

3

5 B10-
DEVECO
Core Economics of
Development and
Planning-I

5

4

3

5 B11-ECO
Core Environmental
Economics

4

4

3
Open Course I
(Outside Stream)

2

2

3

B.A.ECONOMICS
15

Semester VI
Course
Code
Time

6 B12-ECO

Core
Basic Tools for
Economic Analysis
Paper II

6

4

6 B13-ECO
Core Development
Issues of Indian
Economy II

5

4

3hrs

6 B14-ECO
Core Informatics in
Economics

5

4
2 hour Theory
1hourPractical
6 B15-ECO Core Public Finance
5

4

3
Open Course I
(Main Stream)

2

2

3
Project
Work/Course
Work

2

2

B.A.DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
Semester VI
Course
Code
Time
6 B12-ECO Core Basic Tools for
Economic
Analysis Paper II

6

4

3hrs

6 B13-
DEVECO
Core Economics of
Development and
Planning-II

5

4

3hrs

6 B14-ECO
Core Informatics in
Economics

5

4
2 hour Theory

1hourPractical
6 B15-ECO- Core Public Finance 5 4 3
Open Course I
(Main Stream)

2

2

3

6P-ECO
Project
Work/Course
Work

2

2

16

BA ECONOMICS/BA DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS BA ECONOMICS/BA DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS BA ECONOMICS/BA DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS BA ECONOMICS/BA DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
SYLLABUS SYLLABUS SYLLABUS SYLLABUS- -- -2009 2009 2009 2009

17

CORE COURSES CORE COURSES CORE COURSES CORE COURSES

18

Course Title: MICRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS I
Course Category: CORE COURSE
Credit: 4 (108 contact hours)
Course code: I B01-ECO
Semester : I
Introduction
The decision making mechanism at the bottom of an economic system is studied by
students of economics by analysing the behaviour of economic agents in the market place. An
understanding of the strength and weakness of the existing microeconomic theories is essential for
the better understanding of the structure and working of an economic system. This course provides
the fundamental microeconomic theory to be learned by an under graduate student of economics.
Objectives
This course is designed to enable student to extend the microeconomic analysis learnt at the
higher secondary level and to appreciate the coherence and rigour of microeconomic theory. As a
foundation course, the student is expected to have the basic understanding of the different
microeconomic concepts, the behaviour of economic agent and the price variation in different
market structures.
Learning Outcome
On successful completion of the course the student is expected to get a thorough
understanding of the various theories behind pricing of products and factors in different market
environment; to identify and evaluate the main models of market structures and to appreciate the
theories behind policy prescriptions.

Module I Basic Concepts 10 hours
Scarcity and Choice Price system and alternatives Uses of price theory Economic Models
Classification of markets Market equilibrium Static, comparative static and dynamic
equilibrium
Watson and Getz (1986) Chapter 1, Koutsoyiannis (1982) Chapter 1 Varian H R (2006) Chapter I
Module II Theory of Demand 30 hours
Traditional Theory of demand: Theory of consumer behaviour Cardinal and Ordinal utility
approach, Revealed preference hypothesis Consumers surplus some application of
indifference curve analysis Derivation of individual demand curve market demand function
Elasticity of demand. Modern development in Demand theory: Linear Expenditure System
Watson and Getz (1986) Chapters 2 to 6, Koutsoyiannis (1982) Chapter 2, Varian H R
(2006)Chapter3 to8,14&15
19

Module III Theory of Production 30 hours
Firm and its decision Production function of single product short-run and long-run laws of
production Cobb-Douglas production function Equilibrium of firm isocost line - expansion
path Derivation of cost function from production function production decision and linear
programming
Watson and Getz (1986) Chapters 8 to 10 and 12; Koutsoyiannis (1982) Chapter 3 and 20;
Module IV Theory of Costs 38 hours
Concept of cost Traditional theory of cost: short-run and envelope cost curves Modern theory
of cost: short-run and L shaped cost curve- economies of scale and cost curves.
Watson and Getz (1986) Chapters 11; Koutsoyiannis (1982) Chapter 4; Varian H R (2006) Chapter
20 & 21

Books for Study
1.Watson D.S and Getz M (1986): Price Theory and its Uses 5 ed. Khosla Publishing House
New Delhi.
2.Koutsoyiannis A (1982): Modern Microeconomics 2 ed. Macmillan.
3.Varian H.R (2006): Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach, East West Press,
New Delhi.
Prerequisites
Microeconomic Theory at Higher Secondary level

20

Course Title: MICRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS II
Credit: 4(108 contact hours)
Course Code: 2B02-ECO
Semester: II
Introduction
The decision making mechanism at the bottom of an economic system is studied by
students of economics by analysing the behaviour of economic agents in the market place. An
understanding of the strength and weakness of the existing microeconomic theories is essential for
the better understanding of the structure and working of an economic system. This course provides
the fundamental microeconomic theory to be learned by an under graduate student of economics.
Objectives
This course is designed to enable student to extend the microeconomic analysis learnt at the
higher secondary level and to appreciate the coherence and rigour of microeconomic theory. As a
foundation course, the student is expected to have the basic understanding of the different
microeconomic concepts, the behaviour of economic agent and the price variation in different
market structures.
Learning Outcome
On successful completion of the course the student is expected to get a thorough
understanding of the various theories behind pricing of products and factors in different market
environment; to identify and evaluate the main models of market structures and to appreciate the
theories behind many policy prescriptions.
Module I Perfect competition and Monopoly 40 hours
Assumptions of perfect competition short run and long run equilibrium of firm under
competition supply curve of firm and industry optimal resource allocation changes in
industry equilibrium
Monopoly demand, revenue and cost functions under monopoly Equilibrium of monopoly
under short-run and long run Changes in equilibrium comparing monopoly and competition
bilateral monopoly price discrimination
Watson and Getz (1986) Chapter 13 and 14; Koutsoyiannis (1982) Chapters 5, 6 and7; Varian H R
(2006)
Module II Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly 38 hours
The model assumptions product differentiation concept of industry and group
equilibrium selling cost economic welfare- comparison with pure competition
Classical non-collusive Oligopoly models: Cournots model Bertrands model Chamberlines
model Sweezys model Stackleberg model
Watson and Getz (1986) Chapters 19 and 20, Koutsoyiannis (1982) Chapter 8 and 9; Varian H
R (2006)
21

Module III Factor pricing 20 hours
Factor pricing under perfect competition: Demand for and supply of factors factor pricing
under imperfect competition: Monopolistic power in the product market and in the factor market
Pricing of fixed factors rent and quasi rent non-homogeneous factors and wage differentials
Product exhaustion theorem
Watson and Getz (1986) Chapter 21; Koutsoyiannis (1982) Chapter21; Varian H R (2006)
Module IV Welfare Economics 10 hours
Criteria of Social Welfare Social welfare function Maximisation of social welfare -
determination of welfare maximising output welfare maximisation and perfect competition
Watson and Getz (1986) Chapters 23; Koutsoyiannis (1982) Chapter 23 [section E of the book
may be omitted]; Varian H R (2006)
Notes: No essay question may be asked from module IV.

Books for Study
1. Watson D.S and Getz M (1986): Price Theory and its Uses 5 ed. Khosla Publishing
House New Delhi.
2. Koutsoyiannis A (1982): Modern Microeconomics 2 ed. Macmillan.
3. Varian H.R (2006): Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach, East West
Press, New Delhi.
Prerequisites
Books for Study
4. Watson D.S and Getz M (1986): Price Theory and its Uses 5 ed. Khosla Publishing
House New Delhi.
5. Koutsoyiannis A (1982): Modern Microeconomics 2 ed. Macmillan.
6. Varian H.R (2006): Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach, East West
Press, New Delhi.
Prerequisites

22

Course Title: METHODOLOGY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO ECONOMICS
Course Code: 3 B03-ECO
Semester: III

Aim of the Course
The course intends to familiarize the students with the broad contours of Social Sciences
and their methodology. It also aims to examine the ways in which economists justify their theories
and the reasons for preferring one theory over the other.
Objectives of the course
Identify the main concerns of social science disciplines.
Articulate the basic terminology and theories prevalent across disciplines
Understand qualitative and quantitative models within the social sciences
To learn to apply the methods and theories of social science to contemporary issues
Critically read popular and periodical literature from a social science perspective.
To introduce selected themes in Economics.

MODULE- 1
Introduction to Social Science- Its emergence- Social Sciences: how they are related-
Relation of other fields of knowledge- Historical foundation of social sciences-Inter- disciplinary
approach in social sciences- Relevance of social sciences in solving contemporary problems at the
regional, national and global levels.

MODULE- 2
Objectivity in social sciences- Limits to objectivity in social sciences- Ethical issues in
social sciences.

MODULE- 3
Nature and significance of economic science- Understanding the methodology of
economics- objectivity and understanding in economicsNature of economic generalisaton -
deductive and inductive methods- Positive science and Normative Science.

MODULE- 4
Principles and significance of economic theory-Assumptions controversy in economics-
Analysis of theory and practice in Economics- Scientific nature of economic laws- Economic
models- Micro and Macro models- Variables in models.

23

References
Module 1 and 2
1. Hunt, Elgin F, Science and its Methods, in Social Science an Introduction to the Study of
Society: Allyn and Bacon, 2008
2. Perry John, Through the lense of science in contemporary society: an introduction to social
science, Allyn and Bacon, 2008
3. Porta, Donatella Della and Machael Keating, Approaches and Methodologies in the Social
Sciences: A Pluralistic Perspective, CUP, New delhi,2008
4. Natraj, V. K, et.al, Science: Dialogue for Revival, Economic and Political Weekly,
August 18, 2001, pp. 3128-3133
Module 3 and 4
1. Daniel M.Hausman (1984) Ed. The Philosophy of Economics: An Anthology, CUP,
Cambridge etc: 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,14
2. Jack Harvey & Erine Jowsey- Modern Economics 8
th
edn. Palgrave- MacMillan
3. Milton Friedman (1953)-Essay in Positive Economics- University of Chicago.
4. Mark Blaug (1999) Economic History and the History of Economics, Wheatsheat books
(ch: 14 PP: 265-279)
5. Mark Blaug (1994) The Methodology of Economics CUP.
6. Koutsoyiannis(2001) Modern Microeconomics, Macmillan
7. Meir T (1993) Truth Vs. Precision in Economics
8. Pheby (1982) Methodology and Economics: A Critical introduction.
9. Stewart Ian (1979) Reasoning and methods in Economics: an Introduction to Economic
methodology, Mc Graw Hill
10. Latsis, Spira Ed. (1976) Method and Appraisal in Economic, CUP
11. Samuelson, Paul A(1963) Problems of methodology-Discussions, American Economic
Review

24

Course Title: MACRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS- I
Semester: III

Introduction
Macroeconomics is that branch of economic theory which analyses and establishes the
functional relationship between the aggregates. The aggregate analysis has assumed such a great
significance in recent times that a prior understanding of macro economic theoretical structure is
considered essential for the proper comprehension of different issues and policies. It enables the
students to understand systematic facts and latest theoretical development for empirical analysis

Objectives:
To train students in basic macroeconomic concepts and theories in order to enable them to
understand the working of the economy at the aggregate level. It will also assist them to develop
suitable solutions for practical policy purpose which are very much expected by the society.

Learning outcome
This course in Macro economics is expected to develop skill in economic reasoning. By the
time, students complete this course, they will learn most of the issues and their suggested solutions
related to unemployment, inflation, poverty, inequality, stock market bubbles, interest and foreign
exchange fluctuations etc

MODULE I: Introduction [15 hours]
Definition-distinction between microeconomics and macroeconomics- Development of
Macroeconomics- variables-national income circulation-partial and general equilibrium analysis-
importance & limitations of macroeconomics.

MODULE II: Theories of Output & Employment [35 hours]
Classical theory-product market, labour, market, money market equilibrium-Says law-
quantity theory of money and restatement-full employment equilibrium. Keynesian theory-
aggregate supply and aggregate demand-under employment equilibrium- post Keynesian income
determination-IS-LM analysis-integration of real sector with monetary sector.
MODULE III: Theories Consumption [20 hours]
Theories of consumption-(absolute income, relative income, permanent income and life
cycle hypotheses)-implications and propositions of consumption function-subjective and objective
factors determining consumption-investment multiplier (balanced budget and foreign trade
multipliers)
25

MODULE IV: Theories of Investment [20 hours]
Definition of investment -Types of investment-Keynesian theory of investment-MEC, rate
of interest -NPV-Post Keynesian theory of investment (acceleration principle, Profit theory)

References

MODULE 1
1. Hess and Ross, Macro Economics, West Publishing Company, Ch: 1
2. Michael Edgmand, Macro Economics Theory and Practice, Prentice Hall inc. Ch: 2
3. M.C. Vaish, Macro Economic Theory. Wiley Eastern Ltd., Ch: 4,5

MODULE 2
1. Michael Edgmand, Macro Economics Theory and Practice, Prentice Hall Inc.,Ch: 3
2. Michael Parkins, Modern Macro Economics, Philip Allan publishers Ltd., Ch: 8
3. Shapiro E Macroeconomic Analysis Golgotha Publications Private Ltd., Ch:
4. Lavacic & Reblman Macro Economics
5. Disouza Erric- Macro Economics

MODULE 3
1. Michael Parkins, Modern Macro Economics, Philip Allan Publishers L.td Ch: 11,12,13
2. Dernberg and Mac Dougal, Macro Economics, Mc Graw Hill-Part 4

MODULE 4
1. Green Away and Shaw, Macro Economics Theory
2. Michael Edgmand, Macro Economics, Prentice Hall. Inc., Ch: 5
3. Froyen: Macroeconomics: Pearson Educations
4. Shapiro Edward: Macro Economic Analysis Golgotha Publications Private Ltd., Ch
5. Disouza Erric-Macro Economics

26

Course Title: MACRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS II
Course Code 4 B05-ECO
Semester: IV

MODULE I: Theory of Inflation and Growth[30hours]
Definition of inflation- Types of inflation-Demand Pull Inflation, Cost-Push inflation-
mark-up inflation -effect of inflation-Trade off between inflation and unemployment-Philips
Curve-Short run and Long-run Philips curve
Growth Concepts-difference between growth and development-factors determining growth.
Harrod-Domar growth model-Neo- Classical Theory of Growth by Solow-Kaldors theory of
distribution-Joan Robinsons golden rule of capital accumulation.

MODULE II: Theory of Business Cycle [35]
Concept of Business cycle-four phases of business cycle- Theories- Marxian theory of
economic instability- Hawtreys monetary approach-Von Hayeks approach-Schumpeters
Innovation theory- Kaldors Savings- Investment approach- Hicks Accelerator- Multiplier
Interaction- Samuelsons Acceleration approach to the theory of Business Cycle- Measures to
control Business cycle.

MODULE III: Stabilization Policy {10}
Monetary Policy-objectives and instruments -Fiscal policy-objectives & instruments

MODULE IV: The New Classical Macroeconomics {15}
New Classical Macroeconomics-Market Clearing Equilibrium- Rational Expectation
Hypothesis- Aggregate supply curves.- Policy Implications of New Classical macroeconomics-
Main Features of Supply side Economics.

27

References

MODULE 1
1. Michael Edgmand, Macro Economic Theory and Practice, Prentice Hall Inc, Ch: 12, 13
2. Edward Shapiro, Macro Economic Analysis, Golgotha Publications Private Ltd., Ch:
21
3. G.Ackley-Macroeconomic Theory & Policy

MODULE 2
1. Hywel Jones, Growth Economics, Mc Graw Hill Publishers Ch: 2,3,5,6
2. Amartya Sen, Growth Economics, Penguin Education Part 1,2,3
3. Rana and Verma- Macroeconomics
4. Amit Bhaduri, Macroeconomics: the Dynamics of Commodity Production, Macmillan.

MODULE 3

1. M.C.Vaish, Macro Economic Theory, Wiley Eastern Limited, Ch: 47
2. Edwin.C.Dollar- Macroeconomics
3. Mankiw-Macroeconomics

MODULE 4

1. Michael Parkins, Modern Macro Economics, Philip Allan Publishers, Ch 31,32,33
2. Michael Edgmand, Macro economics- Theory and Practice, Prentice Hall Inc. Ch:
17,18,19
3. Denberg & Mac. Dougal, Macro economics, Mac Graw Hill Publishers ch: Part III

28

Course Title: INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
Course Code: 4 B 06- ECO
Semester: IV

Introduction
International Economics analyses the economic and financial interdependence among
nations. It deals with the policy directed at regulating the flow of goods, services, payments and
money between a nation and rest of the world.

Objectives:
International Economics deals with the economic and financial interdependence among
nations. The economic actions of many of the business firms and Govt. organizations are affected
directly or indirectly by international economic events. Hence, this Course in International
Economics will present students with most of the questions and their answers related to
international economic problem. The Course will cover most of the theories of international trade,
international economic integration, trade and growth, balance of payments and international
monetary system etc:

Learning outcome

The students are expected to learn by the completion of the course most of the issues and
their solution with regard to international trade. It will also help those students who plan to go for
higher studies and research in the field of International Economics.

MODULE I: Introduction to International Economics[10hours]
Meaning, nature and contents of international economics. Importance of the study of
international economics, International and inter regional trade, Theories of absolute advantage,
comparative advantage, Heckscher Ohlin theory, Leontief paradox.

MODULE II: Terms of Trade [17hours]
Terms of trade & its importance, Doctrine of reciprocal demand- importance and
limitations in the theory of trade- Free trade Vs protection- methods of trade restrictions- tariff
barriers and new protectionism, import substitution and export promotions, tariffs and export
subsidies- trade liberalization and its implications.

MODULE III: Balance of Trade and Balance of Payments [10hours]
Meaning and definition of balance of trade and balance of payments--balance of payments
equilibrium and disequilibrium. Methods of correcting adverse balance of payments- Indias
balance of payments- recent trends.
29

MODULE IV: Foreign Exchange [20hours]
The foreign exchange rate-fixed & flexible Theories of exchange rate determination, the
Mint parity theory, the purchasing power parity theory, demand and supply analysis. Functions of
foreign exchange market, the forward market, the spot exchange rate, The EURO Dollar market.
MODULE V: International Financial System [15hours]
The Brettonwoods system, IMF & World Bank, European Monetary system, International
capital movements, foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, welfare implications-
gains from international policy coordination.

References:

1. Dominic Salvatore International Economics
2. Sodersten B.O & Geoffrey Reed International Finance
3. Francis Cherunilam- International Economics
4. Paul Krugman & Maurice Obstfeld International Economics
5. Dominic Salvatore Theory and Problems of International Economics.

30

Course Title: BASIC TOOLS FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS-I
Course Code : 5 B07- ECO
Semester : V
Introduction
Students of economics should be familiar with a variety of statistical and mathematical
tools with which they will be able to understand and analyse economic problems. Many economic
concepts have behind them well woven mathematical concepts, the knowledge of which will
enhance the understanding of economics and will enable the student to reach a level in which they
could quantify the magnitude of many economic variables. Understanding of statistical tools is
inevitable as economics is becoming increasingly empirical in nature. For empirical analysis
students should acquire skills of data analysis. Mastery over these tools will help them become
professionals and practicing economists in future.
Objectives
This course is expected to provide students with an elementary introduction to statistical
tools and mathematical concepts that are used in the study of economics at UG level. This course
will cover essential elementary topics in statistics and in mathematics. The basic aim of the course
is to develop skills in applying statistical techniques and mathematical concepts that are
indispensable for the in depth study of theoretical as well as empirical economics.
Learning Outcome
By the time student completes the course Basic Tools I. It is expected that he/she will be
able to develop skills in using elementary mathematical concepts in analysing economic issues.
Student is expected to conceptualise the probability elements involved in economic problems and
compute various descriptive statistical measures of data relating to economic variables.
MODULE I Elementary mathematics 28 hours
Number system, Laws of indices, logarithm, arithmetic and geometric series, compound
growth rate.
Equations: Single and System of linear equations, quadratic equations and their solution, Examples
from economics- market equilibrium.
Monga G.S (2000) Chapters1, 4 and5.
MODULE II Elementary Set theory 20 hours
Set theory: concept, types, operations, binary relation, properties, relations and functions,
graphs, application in economics. Cost, revenue, total product, marginal and average product,
demand and supply curves.
Monga G.S (2000) Chapter 3. Allen. R.G.D (1956) Chapter 3. Baruah (2001) Chapter 1.

31

MODULE III Description of Data 30 hours
Data types, Nature of data Population, Sample, Bar and Pie diagrams and Graphs, Tables,
Frequency distributions, histograms, polygon, frequency curves
Measures of Central Value, Dispersion, Partition values, Skewness, Kurtosis Lorenz curve, Gini
Coefficient. Examples from Economics
Gupta. S. P (2008): Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand, New Delhi. Chapter 5 to 9 Vol I
MODULE IV Probability and Probability Distributions (PDs) 30 hours
Meaning and approaches, rules of probability, Marginal and Conditional Probability
Discrete PDs Binomial and Poisson distributions summary measures of PDs, Continuous PDs
uniform, normal and standard normal PDs
Bowers (1991) Chapter 6, 7 and 8 Gupta SP (2008) I&2 Vol. II
Notes:
1. Concepts in statistics are to be related to economic issues where ever possible. All exercises
should invariably contain cases from economic events. Statistical tools are to be used in
such a way that students get full understanding of their implications in economics. Where
ever possible real data set relating to income, expenditure and so on may be used for
illustrations. Visit sites of RBI and CSO for real data relating to Indian economy and site of
Department of Economics and Statistics Kerala for data relating to Kerala economy.
2. For all exercises in mathematics examples and problems should be taken from economic
theory so that students will get a feel of the working of mathematics in economics.
3. No essay questions should be asked from module IV.
References:
1.Allen. R.G.D (1956): Mathematical Analysis for Economists Macmillan
2.David Bowers (1991): Statistics for Economics and Business ELBS with Macmillan.
3.Gupta. S. P (2008): Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand, New Delhi.
4.Monga. G.S (2000): Mathematics and Statistics for Economics Vikas Publishing House, New
Delhi
5.Srinath Baruah (2001): Basic Mathematics and its application in Economics Macmillan.
Prerequisites
Secondary School Mathematics and Statistics

32

Course Title: EONOMICS OF FINANCIAL MARKET
Semester: V

Introduction
Financial market is concerned with financial system and investment management. The
significance of the study of financial market is increasing in the light of globalisation and global
financial crises

Objectives
This course is aimed at training the students in the fundamentals of financial market. The
course will cover most of the relevant topics in financial market. It will supply skills to take up
positions in financial institutions including banks, brokerage, firms, stock exchanges, insurance
companies etc
Learning outcome
By the time the students complete the course, they will learn the fundamental models of
financial economics .They will also learn how financial markets work, how the values of financial
assets determined, how the derivative markets works..

MODULE I: Financial System
Introduction to financial system- Financial system and economy-Meaning, components
functions-structure of financial system-Nature and role of financial system-Importance of financial
system in India-Measures taken to liberalize financial system.

MODULE II: Financial Markets
Structure of financial markets- money market- primary market- secondary market-call
money market- treasury bill market- commercial bill market- market for commercial paper and
certificates of deposits- discount market- Market for financial guarantees- Govt Securities market.

MODULE III: Capital Market
Capital market structure-Industrial securities- market for futures, options and other
financial derivatives-SEBI and working of capital market in India, recent measures taken by RBI
and SEBI to regulate financial market in India, Dematerialization-concept and causes

MODULE IV: International Dimension of Financial Market
Introduction, nature, organization and participants, International financial institutions-IMF,
IBRD, Euro market, International money market, International capital market, Bond market,
Equity investments, GDR, ADR, Eurobonds

33

References:

MODULE I

L.M. Bhole-Financial Institutions and Markets, Tata M.C Graw Hill
Pathak.V.V - The Indian Financial System-Peasons education
Smith.P.J - Economics of Financial institutions and Markets-Irwin Homewood

MODULE II

M.K. Guptha, Monika Chopra - Financial market Institutions and Services -Anes
India
H.R. Machiraja - Indian financial system -Vikas publications
Jordan, Natarajan - Financial markets and services - Himalaya

MODULE III

D.K. Murthi, Venugopal - Indian financial system - J.K. International
Dr. S. Guruswami- capital market-Vijay- Nichole

MODULE IV

Alan. C. Shapalo-multinational financial markets - Prentice hall
Mouis.D -International finance - the markets & financial management of
multinational business M.C. Graw Hill

34

Course Title: MODERN BANKING
Course Category: CORE
Semester: V

Objectives:
To enable the students to grasp the basics of the theory and practice of modern banking
along with the recent developments in banking.

MODULE I [10 hours]

Introduction-Debt, Credit, financial instruments-financial intermediation-definition of
bank-functions of Commercial banks-credit creation-Investment policy of Commercial banks-
functions of Central Bank- Credit Control- Role and functions of RBI
MODULE II [20hours]

Bank accounts and advances- Types- Banker-Customer relations- Types of customers and
modes of operations-procedure and precautions for opening an account passbook and its
features-Duties and obligations of banker. Types of loans and advances-principles of sound
lending-(portfolio management)- Credit appraisals of loans- modes of creating charges against
securities-lien, pledge, mortgage and hypothecation-Merchant banking- Micro finance- priority
sector lending.
MODULE III[15hours]
Negotiable instruments-promissory notes-Bills of exchange-Treasury bills-Cheques-types-
crossing of cheques- paying banker- dishonouring-collecting banker-responsibilities and statutory
protection to collecting banker.

MODULE I\/[15 hours]

Banking reforms and regulation-Bank nationalization in India-its relevance in the present
global context-Global financial crisis and Indian Banking System-Deposit insurance and Credit
guarantee Schemes- Banking sector reforms with special reference to prudential norms, Capital
adequacy norms, income recognition norms-classification of assets and NPAs-Innovations in
banking-ATM, E-banking-Credit cards, debit cards and Smart cards-Internet banking, Mobile
banking and Core banking.
MODULE V[12hours]

Rural Banks and Development banks- Functions and objectives of Regional Rural Banks-
NABARDIFCI -IDBI-ICICI-SIDBI-SFC.

35

References:

1. Lester.V.Chandler Money & Banking
2. R.S.Sayers - Modern Banking
3. S.K.Basu Banking theory & practice
4. Maheswari & Varshni Banking theory & practice
5. Suraj.B.Guptha Monetary Economics
6. Decock Central banking

36

Course Title: DEVELOPMENT ISSUES OF INDIAN ECONOMY-I
Semester: V
Introduction
Indian economy already had undergone a serious transformation especially after the new
economic policy of the union government. This transformation has been there in all sectors of the
economy. The economy still faces the challenging issues like poverty, inequality, unemployment,
demographic problem, etc. A student must have a clear understanding of the issues, challenges and
performance of the economy.

OBJECTIVES
This course aims at providing students a reasonable introduction to Indian Economy. It will
throw light on the state of the Indian Economy in the past, on the course of its present condition
and on the future direction. The course may enable the student community to get in touch with the
burning issues of the Economy. It assists the students to analyze the issues and to develop solutions
for policy purposes, which are very much expected by the society. This course will be useful to
students who plan to carry out advanced studies and appear for competitive examinations.
Learning outcome
The student will, by the completion of the course, obtain a good understanding of the
achievements, problems and prospects of the Indian economy.
MODULE- I Over view of Indian Economy [10 hours]
An overview of the Indian Economy at the time of independence-Impact of the British rule-
colonialism and exploitation of India-Economic stagnation and underdevelopment- Dada Bhai
Naorojis concept of economic drain. Trends in National Income and Growth

MODULE-II Human resources and Economic Development [25hours]
Human resources and Economic development-Essential Components of human
development -Human development index-gender related development index-Human poverty
index-Physical Quality of Life Index [PQLI]. Demographic profile of India- population size and
growth- Effects- Demographic transition in India- Remedies for population explosion-National
population policy-- Occupational structure-work participation rates.

MODULE-III Economic Planning and Development Issues [30 hours]
Meaning and rationale of economic planning-objectives of economic planning in India
Current Five Year plan-Achievements of planning in India-A critical evaluation of the planning
process-Major development issues-Poverty- concepts, measurement- Inequality, unemployment-
concepts, measurement-Black money.

MODULE-IV Agriculture and Economic Development [25 hours]
Agriculture and Economic development-Role of agriculture in Indian economy-New
Agricultural Strategy and Green Revolution-post green revolution scenario-Land Reforms- Issues
related to Food Security-Public Distribution System-Rural Credit-Agricultural marketing-
Agricultural prices and policies- Recent Agricultural policies- Agriculture during post
Liberalization period-WTO and Indian Agriculture.
37

References:

1. I.C.Dhingra -Indian Economic Problems- (S.Chand and Company)-Module II, III, & IV
2. Misra and Puri -Indian Economy- [Himalaya]-Module II, III, & IV
3. Ruddar Dutt -Evolution of the Indian Economy- [S.chaud &Co.]-Module I
4. Pramit chaudhuri -The Indian Economy- [Vikas]-Module II
5. A.N. Agrawal -Indian Economy- [Vikas]- Module II, III, &IV
6. C.B. Mamoria & B.B. Tripathi -Agricultural problems in India- [Kitab Mahal]-Module
IV
7. R. Dutt and K.P.M. Sundaram- Development Issues of the Indian Economy- [S.chand &
Co.]- Module II, III, & IV
8. Uma Kapila -Indian economy since Independence- [Academic Foundation]-Module II,
III, & IV
9. J.S.Uppal -Indias Economic problems- [Tata M.C Graw-Hill]- Module III &IV
10. S.K.Mishra & V.K.Puri- Economics Development and Planning Theory and Practice-
[Himalaya] Module II&III
11 G.K.Chadha -WTO and the Indian Economy [Deep &Deep]-Module IV
12 N.P. Hariharan-Lights and shades of Indian Economy- [vishal publishing Co.]-Module III
13 B.H.P.Sing- Indian Economy Today-changing contours [Deep &Deep]-Module III &IV.
14 K.R. Gupta- Liberalization & globalization of Indian Economy- [Atlantic publications]
15 Bhagirath lal Das- An Introduction to the WTO agreements- [Earthworm Books]
16 B.S. Minhas -Planning and the poor- [S. Chaud &Co]
18 Dandekar and Nilakantha Rath -Poverty and India- V.M. [Indian school of political
Economy]
19.Bimal Jalan- The Indian Economy-
20 .C.T.Kurian -Global Capitalism and the Indian Economy-
21. Amarthyasen-Poverty and famine-An essay on Entitlement and deprivation
JOURNALS.
Issues of Southern Economist, EPW, Economic Survey, Kerala calling, Yojana & Economic
Affairs.

38

Course Title : ECONOMICS OF DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING I
Course Category : CORE COURSE
Credit : 4 credits (90 contact hours)
Course Code : 5 B10-DEV. ECO
Semester : V

Aim :
The main purpose of this paper is to offer a survey of mainstream theories of growth and
development to enable students to acquire an understanding of multi-dimensional
aspects of development issues .

MODULE I ; INTRODUCTION (15 hours)
Defining development; Development and Growth; Structure and characteristics of
developing nations- Explaining Under development-obstacles to growth and development
economic and non-economic factors- Vicious circle of poverty Basic requirements
of development Measuring Development and Development Gap; Human Development Index and
other indices of development and quality of life.

MODULE II ; THEORIES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (30 hours)
Adam Smith, Ricardo, Malthus, Marxs Theory of Economic Development Schumpeters
theory, Rostows Stages theory, Big push theory, Critical minimum effort thesis ,Balanced and
Unbalanced theories- Lewis Growth model - contributions of Nurkse, Vakil and Brahmananda in
using Disguised unemployment as saving potential.
Growth models: Harrod Domar and Solow-Swan.

MODULE III : DETERMINANTS OF DEVELOPMENT (25 hours)
Capital and Economic Development; Capital formation; sources of capital- capital output
ratio- Population and Economic development ; Theory of Demographic Transition- Human capital
formation and development Technological change and Economic Development; Intermediate
technology- Role of Industry and Agriculture in Development Role of Foreign capital and
foreign aid in Economic development-Foreign trade and Economic Development.

MODULE IV : POLICIES FOR DEVELOPMENT (20 hours)
Monetary policy and fiscal polices: Objectives and Limitations-Quantitative and qualitative
credit control measures- Taxation borrowings and public expenditure Deficit financing Policy
for Human resource development Trade policy inward looking and outward looking policies .
39

References:

1. Meir,Gerald ,M , Leading issues in Economic Development Oxford University Press,
Delhi (1990).
2. Thirwal,A.P., Growth and Development-ELBS/Macmillan, London (1994)
3. Todaro, Michael ,P; Economic Development in the Third World ,Orient
Longman,Hyderabad,(1993).
4. Adelman Irma : Theories of Economic Growth and Development , Stanford University
Press,Clifornia (1962).
5. Nurkse ,Ragner ; Problems of Capital formation in Under Developed Countries
,Monthly Review Press,Newyork (1957)
6. A.N.Agarwal and Kundan Lal ; Economics of Development and Planning. Vikas
Publishing House Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi
7. Misra and Puri ; Economics of Development and Planning Theory and Practice
,Himalaya Publishing House ,New Delhi( 2007)
8. R.C Agarwal ; Economics of Development and Planning Theory and Practice,
Lakshmi Narain Agarwal Educational Publishers ,Agra (2004)

40

Course Title: ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
Semester: V

Introduction
The study of environmental economics calls for a detailed understanding of various
environmental factors, their influence in the economy and environment. Environmental issues like
externality, pollution, damages, resource depletion, etc. are relevant in the modern world.

Objectives
The main objective of teaching this course is to make the students realize the causes and
consequences of environmental problems in the contemporary world. The aim of this course is to
equip the students to apply economic tools and methods to minimize environmental damages.
Learning outcome
By the completion of the course student will acquire a good understanding of the
interrelationship between the economy and environment.

MODULE I (15 hours)
Meaning and scope of environmental economics- Economy and environment inter
linkages- eco system, ecology, environment and economics- resource economics- renewable and
non-renewable resources-environment and ethics- biotic and non-biotic components of
Environment.

MODULE II (23 hours)
The subject matter of economics-scarcity of natural resources-classical, neoclassical and
contemporary views on natural resources and environment. Pricing of environment-marginal cost-
marginal benefit- market failure-why prices are not assigned to natural resources- public policy-
environmental externalities- environmental quality- Tragedy of commons- property rights-Coase
theorem-the market approach to environmental problems-internalization of external cost- pollution
charges-environmental subsidies.

MODULE III (22 hours)
Sustainable development as a tool of environmental management safe minimum standard
approach to sustainability- indicators of sustainable development-environment impact assessment-
origin and causes of environmental issues- .environmental damages-pollution-water, air, marine,
Noise, solid waste, plastic, nuclear waste, e-waste- Environmental policy- economic methods to
abate pollution issues.
Environmental issues of Kerala- causes, problems and case studies-solid waste-land
reclamation- forest denudation-sand mining-water pollution-River damages

MODULE IV (12 hours)
Global warming, green house effect, ozone depletion, climatic changes- International
Environmental Agreements-Kayoto protocol-agenda 21-earth summit- Doha conference.
41

References:

1. Charles D Kolstad, 2000, Environmental Economics, Oxford University Press (Module I
and III)
2. N. Rajalakshmi & Dhukasi Brinda, 1994, Evironomics-Economics of Environment Allied
Publication Ahmedabad (Module I & II)
3. Eugene T, 2006 Environment Economics, Vrinda Publication (Module I, II, & IV)
4. Thomas J Callan, Environmental Economics, Thomas Learning South Western Inc, Akash
Press, New Delhi
5. Barry C Field & Martha K Field, Environmental Economics-An Introduction McGraw Hill
(Module II & IV)
6. Nick Hanley, Jason F Shogren & Ben White, Environment Economics- in theory and
Practice, Macmillan India Ltd (Module I, II, III)
7. Guy Garrod & Kenneth G Willis, 1999 Economic Valuation of the Environment Edward
Elgar publishing Ltd, USA (Module III)
8. Eban S Goodstein, 2005 Economics and the Environment ISBN (Module I)
9 K V. Pavithran; A text book of environmental economics-New age international
publishers-New Delhi.
Journals
1. Down to Earth
2. Nagar lok.

42

Course Title: BASIC TOOLS FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS-II
Semester: VI

Introduction
Students of economics should master a variety of mathematical and statistical tools with
which they will be able to understand and analyse economic problems at their hand using real data
set. Understanding of mathematical concepts behind economic theory and skills in applying these
tools for economic analysis is inevitable as economics is becoming increasingly analytical in
nature. Skill in applying mathematical tools is helpful in business and in framing policies.
Objectives
This course is expected to provide students with an elementary introduction to
mathematical concepts and statistical tools that are used in the study of economics at UG level.
This course will cover all essential topics in mathematics and statistics. The basic aim of the course
is to develop skills in applying mathematical techniques and statistical tools that are essential for
the in depth study of theoretical as well as applied economics.
Learning Outcome
By the time students complete the course in basic tools II it is expected that they will be
able to develop skills in using mathematical and statistical data analysis techniques in analysing
economic issues. Student is expected to grasp the mathematical trait behind economic theory and
carry out data analysis.

MODULE I Matrices 20 hours
Concept, Types, Operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, inverse. Cramers rule,
Matrix inversion method, solving market equilibrium
Monga. G.S (2000) Chapter 7. Baruah (2001) Chapter 3.
MODULE II Differential Calculus 40 hours
Concept of limit and continuity, Differentiation of single variable function: rules, higher
order derivatives, sign and magnitude of derivatives and its interpretation, maxima and minima of
unbounded functions.
Differentiation of Two variable function: Partial derivates of first and second order, homogeneous
functions and their properties, Eulers theorem, Derivatives and the concepts of slope and margin,
Application in utility function, production and cost function, Cobb-Douglas production function.
Allen. R.G.D (1956) Chapters 4 to 10. Monga. G.S (2000) Chapter 9 and 10.

43

MODULE III Correlation and Regression 30 hours
Simple Correlation meaning, types and measurement properties interpretation Simple
Linear Regression meaning, OLS method of estimation. Relationship between correlation and
regression coefficients
Examples from economics: Estimation of consumption function, saving function, simple
production function and interpretation of result
Monga. G.S (2000) Chapter 23, Gupta. S. P (2008) Chapter 10&11
MODULE IV Time series Analysis and Index Numbers 18 hours
Components of time series, Detrending: semi average, moving average, method of least
squares, seasonal and cyclical variations
Types of index numbers weighted and un-weighted, Laspyers, Paasches, Fischers index
numbers, Price and Quantity Indices, Construction of Consumer Price Indices and Whole sale
price Indices, base shifting and splicing, Uses of Index numbers
Monga. G.S (2000) Chapters 28 and 29., Gupta. S. P (2008) Chapters13&14
Notes:
1. Concepts in statistics are to be related to economic issues where ever possible. All
exercises should invariably contain cases from economic events. Statistical tools are to be
used in such a way that students get full understanding of their implications in economics.
Where ever possible real data set relating to income, expenditure and so on may be used for
illustrations. Visit sites of RBI and CSO for real data relating to Indian economy and site of
Department of Economics and Statistics Kerala for data relating to Kerala economy.
2. For all exercises in mathematics examples and problems should be taken from economic
theory so that students will get a feel of the working of mathematics in economics.
References:
1. Allen. R.G.D (1956): Mathematical Analysis for economists Macmillan
2. David Bowers (1991): Statistics for Economics and Business ELBS with Macmillan.
3. Gupta. S. P (2008): Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand, New Delhi.
4. Monga. G.S (2000): Mathematics and Statistics for Economics Vikas Publishing House,
New Delhi
5. Srinath Baruah (2001): Basic Mathematics and its application in Economics Macmillan.
Prerequisites
Secondary School Mathematics and Statistics

44

Course Title: DEVELOPMENT ISSUES OF INDIAN ECONOMY-II
Semester: VI

MODULE- I Industry and Infrastructure [17 hours]
An overview of Industrial development in India-Recent Industrial policies-Industrial Policy
of 1991 and its appraisal-impact of NEP and LPG on Industrial development-Role of Small Scale
Industries in Indian Economy-Its problems and remedies-WTO and Indian Industrial Sector-
Infrastructure and Economic development.

MODULE- II Indias Foreign Trade [23hours]
Foreign Trade of India-Volume, Composition and direction of Indias Foreign Trade-
Recent Export Import Policies-Trends in Indias BOP- foreign capital in India- Role of MNCs-
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)- Globalization, WTO and foreign trade-Global Financial Crisis.

MODULE- III Kerala Economy Agriculture and Industry [20 hours]
Agricultural and Industrial Sectors-Features of Agriculture in Kerala-cropping pattern-
Land Reforms-Agricultural Stagnation-its causes and consequences. The structure and growth of
Keralas Industry-Industrial backwardness of Kerala-Traditional Industries-Problems and Policies.

MODULE- IV Kerala Economy-Service sector and General Issues [30 hours]
Kerala economy- Unique Features-Demographic transition- Economic empowerment of
women-Gender problems- Education and health sectors- current issues in health- morbidity-
ageing- Energy Sector and Energy crisis- micro finance- self employment and rural development-
Keralas fiscal crises- Development of commercial banking in Kerala- Unemployment and
poverty- migration and its impact- Decentralised planning and peoples plan in Kerala. Global
Economic crisis and Kerala.

45

References:

1. Misra and puri- Indian Economy- [Himalaya]-Module I&II
2. A.N.Agrawal -Indian Economy- [Vikas]-Module I&II
3. K.K.Dewatt and J.D. Varma- Indian Economy- [S.Chand & Co] Module I
4. K.P.H.Sundaram -Indian Economy- [S.Chand & Co] Module I
5. G.K.Chadha -WTO and Indian Economy- [Deep and Deep publications] Module II
6. K.R.Gupta -Liberalization & Globalization of Indian Economy-[Atlantic publications]-
Module II
7. Bhagirath Lal Das -An Introduction to WTO Agreements- [Earthworm Books]-Module
II
8. O.S.Shrivastava -Economics of growth,Development and Planning- [Vikas]- Module I
9. H.S. Agarwal -Simple Indian Economics- [Educational publications] -Module I & II
10. Misra & Puri-Economics of development and planning (Theory and practice)-Himalaya-
Module I&II
11. B.A. Prakash-Keralas Economic development [Ed] Module III & IV
12. B.A.Prakash -Keralas Economy [Ed] [sage] -Module III & IV
13. P.P.Pillai -Kerala Economy- -Module III & IV [John Mathew Foundations]
14. George.K.K -Limits to Kerala model of development- [CDS] -Module III & IV
15. Meera Bhai.M -Kerala Economy-slumber to performance -Module III & IV
16. M.A. Oomman. -Essays on Kerala Economy [Oxford & IBH] Module III & IV
17. M.A.Oommen -Kerala Economy since independence- [Oxford & IBH]- Module III &
IV
18. K.C. Sankara Narayanan & Dr.V.Karunakaran -Kerala Economy .
19. Dr. K.V. Pavithran -Economics of power generation,Distribution and Transmission in
Kerala Serial Publication New Delhi, module IV
20. A.Ashokan, Perspectives of Health Economics, Serial, Publications, New Delhi, 2009

21. Uma Kapila -Indian Economy since Independence- -vol. I, II &III [Academic
Foundation. New Delhi]

22. C.Rangarajan -Indian Economy- [UBS]
23. A.C.K. Nambiar Socio-Economic conditions of gulf migrants- [Common Wealth
publishers, New Delhi]
24. Bimal Jalan -Indian Economic Crisis- [Oxford University press, Delhi]
25. J.C. Dhingra -Indian Economic problems- [S.Chand &Co.]-Module
26. K.Rajan Kerala Economy: Trends during the Post Reform Period, Serial Publications,
New Delhi,2009

Journals

Various issues of EPW, Economic Review, Economic Survey, Southern Economist, Kerala
Calling, Yojana

46

Course title : ECONOMICS OF DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING II
Course category : CORE COURSE
Credits : 4 credits (90 contact hours)
Course Code : 6 B13-DEV. ECO
Semester : VI
MODULE: 1 INTRODUCTION TO DEVELOPMENT PLANNING (15hours)
Development planning : meaning and rationale of economic planning Under
developed countries and Planning, Types of planning-Long term, medium term and short term
plans regional, national and international planning ; indicative and imperative planning
,centralized and decentralized planning .Totalitarian and Democratic planning , Physical and
Financial planning, Rolling and fixed planning.
MODULE :II TECHNIQUES IN PLANNING( 30 hours)
Economic Controls in a planned economy-meaning, need, and types, Conditions of
success: Planning strategy,- Investment criteria capital Output ratio, Social Marginal
Productivity, Marginal Per capita Reinvestment Quotient,, Dobb-Sen criterion, Marginal Growth
contribution criterion : Choice of techniques- Project evaluation and Cost Benefit analysis Input
Output analysis- Linear Programming-Role of shadow prices in planning .
MODULE: III . ECONOMIC PLANNING IN INDIA AND KERALA (30 hours)
Planning in a mixed economy- Objectives and strategy of planning- Plan Models-
Mahalanobis model- resource mobilization, achievements and limitations of economic planning in
India Policies for eradication of poverty, unemployment and economic inequalities Objectives
and strategies of 11
th
five year plan (2007-2012). The experience of Peoples Planning in Kerala
Limits to Kerala model of development.
MODULE IV ; ENVIORNMENT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (15 hours)
Meaning ,forms ,effects, and causes of environmental degradation. Problems and Policies
for Sustainable development , Report of the Club of Rome, Brudtland Commission Report : The
Earth Summit at Rio De Genero and after . Sustainability weak form and strong form, Practical
policy implications. Methods for measuring sustainable development.
References:
1. A.N.Agarwal and Kundan Lal ; Economics of Development and Planning. Vikas
Publishing House Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi
2.. Misra and Puri ; Economics of Development and Planning Theory and Practice
,Himalaya Publishing House ,New Delhi( 2007)
3. R.C Agarwal ; Economics of Development and Planning Theory and Practice, Lakshmi
Narain Agarwal Educational Publishers ,Agra (2004)

47

4. M.A Oommen ; Essays on Kerala Economy ,Oxford 7IBH Publishing co.Pvt.Ltd. New
Delhi,(1993).
5. M.A. Oommen ; Rethiking Development Keralas Development Experience ,Vol I&II
,Institute of Social Sciences, Concept Publishing Company ,New Delhi(1999)
6. K.K.George ; Limits to Kerala Model of Development , Centre for Development Studies,
,Thiruvananthapuram (1988)
7. Donella H Meadows,et al ,The Limits to Growth ,A Report for the Club of Romes
Project on the Predicament of Mankind ; Universe Books ,Newyork ,(1972)
1. SteveHackett,Envioronment and Natural Resource Economics ,Theory Policy
and Sustainable Society; M.E Sharpe,New york(1998)
9. Ketar Singh and Viswa Bellah ,Co-operative Management of Natural Resources ,Sage
Publishers,New Delhi(1996)
10. Meir,Gerald ,M , Leading issues in Economic Development Oxford University Press,
Delhi (1990).
11. Thirwal,A.P., Growth and Development-ELBS/Macmillan, London (1994)
12. Todaro, Michael ,P; Economic Development in the Third World ,Orient
Longman,Hyderabad,(1993).
13. Ashok Rudra, India Plan Models, Allied Publishers, New Delhi.

48

Course Title: INFORMATICS IN ECONOMICS
Semester: VI

Introduction
To update and expand basic informatics skills and attitudes relevant to the emerging
knowledge society and also to equip the students to effectively utilize the digital knowledge
resources for the study of economics.

Objectives:
To review the basic concepts and functional knowledge in the filed of informatics
To create awareness about nature of the emerging digital knowledge society
To provide awareness about social issues and concerns in the use of digital technology
To impart skills to enable students to use digital knowledge resources in learning
To familiarize the Internet operations.

MODULE 1
Overview of Information Technology (20 hours)

Definition, characteristics and limitation of computers-Classification of computers-Hardware and
Software-CPU and its functions-Primary and Secondary Memory-Input and Out put devices-
Operating systems and major application software-Introduction to Mobile phone technology-An
Overview of IT applications in business, commerce, industry, defence, communication and media
MODULE II
Social Informatics (14 hours)

IT and society-Issues and concerns- IT & development, the free software debate-IT industry: new
opportunities and threats- cyber ethics, cyber crime, security privacy issues-cyber laws-Health
issues-guide lines for proper usage of computers- internet and mobile phones-E wastes and green
computing.

MODULE-III (20 hours)
Internet, E-commerce and Internet Banking

Internet Basics-Services available on internet using search engines-e mail-important websites on
economics.
E-commerce- meaning, advantage and limitation-application of e-commerce-trading stocks -online
ordering products-online travel and tourism services, employment placement and job market-
Internet banking.
49

MODULE IV (16 hours)
Word processing and Presentation Software (Practical with MS Word or Open office and
MS-PowerPoint)
Meaning and features of Word processing-toolbars-creating, saving, closing and opening a
document-formatting-mail merging-working with tables.
Features, advantages and application of presentation software-MS Power point parts-menus and
toolbars-inserting, editing and deleting slides-insertion of objects and charts in slides-custom
animation and transition.

MODULE V (20 hours)
Spread sheet and statistical package (Practical with MS-Excel and SPSS Statistics)

Spread sheet-features-Features of MS Excel-saving, opening and closing workbook-entering and
editing data in worksheet-formatting-formulas and its advantages-data sorting-charts and graphs-
functions-different types of functions in Excel- Application in economics and statistics.
Data entry/Database creation-operations- Descriptive Statistics, Graphs, correlation and regression
by using Excel (Analysis Tool Pack)/SPSS.

Lab work:
MS Windows
MS Word/Open office
MS Excel/SPSS
MS Power Point
Internet, e-commerce, and internet banking practical
Practical hours Practical hours Practical hours Practical hours: minimum 2 Hours per week
Description of Practical:
1. Important hardware components of a computer-BIOS (Basic Input Output System)
2) Features of Windows/Linux
3) Using various features of MS Word (Create, save, open a file with your
name - Use the page set up properties-execute find, replace and go to
button-creating a mail merge-create tables).
4) Features of MS-Excel
5) Power point-creating presentation (choose topics from Economics)-
present a seminar with power point presentation
6) Internet browsing and e mail- online trading stocks - Internet Banking
7) Generating Descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, graphs using
SPSS
The informatics for economics paper shall have theory and practical examination with 20
and 10 weightage respectively. The practical examination will conducted by external
examiner from economics faculty appointed by the University

50

References:
1. V.Rajaraman, Introduction to Information Technology, Prentice Hall
2. Alexis Leon & Mathews Leon, Computers Today, Leon Vikas
3. Peter Norton, Introduction to Computers, 6e (Indian Adapted Edition)
4. Greg Perry, SAMS Teach Yourself Open Office.org, SAMS
5. Alexis & Mathews Leon, Fundamentals of Information Technology, Leon Vikas
6. George Beekman, Eugene Rathswohl, Computer Confluence, Pearson Educaton,
7. Barbara Wilson, Information Technology: The Basics, Thomson Learning
8. John Ray, 10 Minute Guide t Linux, PHI, ISBN 81-203-1549-9
9. Ramesh Bangia, Learning Computer Fundamentals, Khanna Book Publishers
10 John Walken, PACH Favourate Excel Tips and Tricks, John Wiley, 2005.
11 Gene Weisskopf-Excel 2000 BPB Publications
12. Sander D H (1988) Computers today McGram Hills 3
rd
Edition

Web Resources:
1. www.fgcu.edu/support/office2000
2. www.openoffice.org Open Office Official web site
3. www.microsoft.com/office MS Office web site
4. www.lgta.org Office on-line lessons
5. www.learnthenet.com Web Primer
6. www.computer.org.history/timeline
7. www.computerhistory.org
8. htto://comuter.howstuddworks.com

51

Course Title: PUBLIC FINANCE
Credit: 4 Credit (90 contact hours)
Course Code: 6 B15- ECO
Semester: VI

Introduction:
The students of economics should get an opportunity to acquaint with the principles and
policies of federal, state and local finance.
Objectives:
The objective of the course is to provide an understanding of the basic issues relating to public
revenue, expenditure, debt management, budget preparation and centre state financial relations in
India.
Learning outcomes:
By the completion of the course students are expected to learn how the principles of
public finance can be applied to sound decision making. This learning will make them capable of
understanding the financial activities and policies of the government.

MODULE -1 Introduction [15 hours]
Meaning; nature and scope of Public Finance- Role of Government.-Changing dimensions-
Private and Public Finance-Principle of Maximum Social Advantage-Public Goods-Private Goods-
Externalities-concept of public choice

MODULE -II Public Revenue[25 hours]
Public Revenue-Meaning-Classification-Sources: Tax and Non-tax. Direct and Indirect
taxes- Progressive, Proportional, Regressive, Digressive, Specific, Advalorem and VAT- Sources
of Revenue -Canons of Taxation-Taxable Capacity-Incidence of Taxes-The impact, Incidence and
Effects of a Tax-forward and backward shifting-Theories of Taxation, Theories of tax shifting-
Supply and Demand theory, Musgraves theory of Incidence-Effects of Taxation on Production,
Growth and Distribution.

MODULE III Public Expenditure , Debt Management and Budget [25 hours]
Canons of Public Expenditure- Wagners law-Wiseman-Peacock hypotheses-Reasons for
the growth of Public Expenditure in India-Effects of Public Expenditure on Production,
Distribution, Stabilization and Growth.
Public Debt- Classification- Repayment of Public Debt.-Emerging issues in public debt
management.

Budget-Classification-Performance, Programme and Zero Base Budgeting-Preparation and
Presentation of Budget in India- Highlights of the current years Budget: India and Kerala-Deficit
financing in India and Kerala

MODULE IV Federal Finance [25 hours]
Federal Finance: Principles- Centre-State Financial Relations-Functions of Finance
Commissions-- A brief examination of the latest Finance Commission - Fiscal policy in India. .
Local Finance- Problems- Resource Mobilization; Performance.
52

References:

1. Agarwal, R.C: Public Finance, theory and practice
2. Bhatia, H.L: Public finance
3. Bhushan, Kul: Working with VAT
4. Dalton, Hugh: Principles of Public Finance
5. Gulati, I.S & George, K.K: Essays in federal financial relations
6. Hajela, T.N: Public Finance
7. Lekhi, R.K: Public Finance
8. Misra B: Economics of Public Finance
9. Mithani, D.M: Modern Public Finance: Theory and Practice
10. Rana, K.C & Varma, K.N: a study in Public and Practice Finance.
11. State planning board, Govt of kerala, Tvm: kerala Economic Review,
12. Raja j chelliah: Fiscal Policy for underdeveloped countries
13. Musgrave &Musgrave: Theory of Public Finance
14. Prest, A.R: Public Finance

53

Title of the Course: PROJECT/COURSE WORK
Nature of Course: CORE
Credit: 2 (2 hrs per week-36 contact hours)
Course Code: 6 P-ECO

Introduction
Generating new knowledge and updating existing knowledge from the day to day experience is
one of the aims of higher education. For this purpose a student is to be encouraged to search and
research for finding new knowledge. Student should be able to apply the theoretical knowledge
that they acquired in class room environment in the real world situations by taking up any issue as
a project that requires review, explanation or solution.
The theme of the project need not be restricted to any particular course. Instead, the topic may be
selected from any of the courses that the student is exposed to in various semesters.
Objectives
This course is designed to enable the student to approach socio-economic issue in a theoretical
perspective. Student is encouraged to collect and organise the existing information on the topic
and arrive at his/her own logical conclusion by following a methodology and applying the
analytical tools at his/her hand.
Learning Outcome
On successful completion of the course the student is expected to produce a written report on the
project in standard format.
Instructions
1. The project report should be in English.
2. When students prepare the report in a uniform style all project reports will have common
structure. A general format to be followed is given below.
3. The two hours allotted for the project work for class room instruction shall be utilized for:

a) equipping the students with methodology of project preparation,
b) familiarizing the basic nature and structure of a project,
c) preparing questionnaire,
d) collecting data,
e) analyzing data using Excel/SPSS software
4. Project work may be prepared by individual student or a group consisting of not more than
FIVE students.
5. The project report/work shall be evaluated by external examiner(s) from the faculty of
economics appointed by the University.
6. The evaluation of the project shall be on the basis of
54

Analytical aptitude of student
Overall performance of the work
Findings of the report
Contemporary relevance of the topic selected and a
VIVA VOCE conducted in respective colleges.

FORMAT FOR PREPARATION OF PROJECT REPORT
1. Arrangement of contents:
The sequence in which the project report material should be arranged and bound should be as
follows:
1. Cover Page & Title Page
2. Bonafide Certificate
3. Abstract
4. Table of Contents
5. List of Tables
6. List of Figures
7. List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature
8. Chapters
9. Appendices
10. References
The table and figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places.
2. Page dimension and typing
instruction

The dimension of the project report should be in A4 size. The project report should be printed
in bond paper and bound using flexible cover of the thick white art paper or spiral binding. The
cover should be printed in black letters and the text for printing should be identical.
The impression on the typed copies should be black in colour. The general text of the
report should be typed with 1.5 line spacing. The general text shall be typed in the Font
style Times New Roman and Font size 12. Paragraphs should be arranged in justified
alignment with margins 1.25 each on top, bottom, left and right of the page with
portrait orientation.

55

The content of the report should vary between 25 and30 pages.
3. Preparation format
3.1 Cover Page & Title Page A specimen copy of the Cover page & Title page of the
project report are given in Appendix 1.
3.2 Bonafide Certificate The Bonafide Certificate shall be in double line spacing using
Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14, as per the format in Appendix 2.
The certificate shall carry the supervisors signature and shall be followed by the
supervisors name, academic designation (not any other responsibilities of administrative
nature), department and full address of the institution where the supervisor has guided the
student. The term SUPERVISOR must be typed in capital letters above the supervisors
name and academic designation.
3.3 Abstract Abstract should be one page synopsis of the project report typed double line
spacing, Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 12.
3.4 Table of Contents The title page and Bonafide Certificate will not find a place
among the items listed in the Table of Contents but the page numbers of which are in lower
case Roman letters. A specimen copy of the Table of Contents of the project report is
given in Appendix 3.
3.5 List of Tables The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear above the
tables in the text.
3.6 List of Figures The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear below
the figures in the text.
3.7 List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature Standard symbols, abbreviations
etc. should be used.
3.8 Chapters The chapters may be broadly divided into 3 parts (i) Introductory chapter,
(ii) Chapters developing the main theme of the project work (iii) and Conclusion.
Depending on the nature of the project selected by the student the introductory chapter
should invariably contain the background of study, the problem, objectives, limitations,
methodology and review of earlier studies.
The main text will be divided into several chapters and each chapter may be further divided
into several sub-divisions.
Each chapter should be given an appropriate title.
Tables and figures in a chapter should be placed in the immediate neighbourhood of the
reference where they are cited.
56

o Endnotes may be given at the end of each chapter They should be typed single
space, which refers to the material they annotate with font size of 11 points.
3.9 Appendices Appendices are provided to give supplementary information, which is
included in the main text may serve as a distraction and cloud the central theme.
o Appendices should be numbered using Arabic numerals, e.g. Appendix 1, Appendix
2, etc.
o Appendices, Tables and References appearing in appendices should be numbered
and referred to at appropriate places just as in the case of chapters.
o Appendices shall carry the title of the work reported and the same title shall be
made in the contents page also.
3.10 List of References The listing of references should be typed 4 spaces below the
heading REFERENCES in alphabetical order in single spacing with left aligned. The
reference material should be listed in the alphabetical order of the first author. The name of
the author/authors should be immediately followed by the year and other details.
A typical illustrative list given below relates to the citation example quoted above.
REFERENCES

A material in the text may be cited as in reference 1 and an article in a journal may be cited
as in reference 2.
1. Watson D. S. and Getz. M (1986): Price Theory and its Uses, Khosla Publishing
House. Chapters 1, 2 and 3
2. Brown and Deaton (1972): Models of Consumer Behaviour: A Survey, Economic
Journal, pp 1145-1236.
1. Table and figures - By the word Table, is meant tabulated numerical data
in the body of the project report as well as in the appendices. All other non-
verbal materials used in the body of the project work and appendices such as
charts, graphs, maps, photographs and diagrams may be designated as
figures.
4. No boarder line should be given to the pages.

57

APPENDIX I
(A typical Specimen of Cover Page & Title Page)

TITLE OF PROJECT REPORT
<1.5 line spacing>
A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by
<Italic>
NAME OF THE CANDIDATE

in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Arts degree in
<1.5 line spacing><Italic>
ECONOMICS

NAME OF THE COLLEGE

OF KANNUR UNIVERSITY
<1.5 line spacing>
MONTH & YEAR


58

APPENDIX II
(A typical specimen of Bonafide Certificate)


KANNUR UNIVERSITY

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report .TITLE OF THE PROJECT..
is the bonafide work of ..NAME OF THE CANDIDATE.
who carried out the project work under my supervision.
<<Signature of the Head of the Department>> <<Signature of the Supervisor>>
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
<<Name>> <<Name>>
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
<<Academic Designation>>
<<Department>> <<Department>>
<<Full address of the Dept & College >> <<Full address of the Dept &
College >>

59

APPENDIX III
(A typical specimen of table of contents)


TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT iii
LIST OF TABLE xvi
LIST OF FIGURES xviii
LIST OF SYMBOLS xxvii
1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 GENERAL 1
1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.1 General 5
1.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2.2.1 General 15
1.2.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.2.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.3 . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 28
1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 32
2.1 GENERAL 35
2.2 . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.3 2.2 .
..

60

CO CO CO COM MM MPLEMENTARY COURSES PLEMENTARY COURSES PLEMENTARY COURSES PLEMENTARY COURSES

61

Course Title: MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS I
Course Category: COMPLEMENTARY
Course Code: C01 ECO
Introduction
Today many economic concepts and theories are cast in mathematics. Students of
economics get an in-depth understanding of economic theory when it is expressed using
mathematics. Many economic concepts have behind them well woven mathematical concepts, the
knowledge of which will enhance the understanding of economics.
Objectives
This course is expected to provide students with an introduction to economic theory
through the use of elementary mathematics. This course will cover essential elementary topics in
micro economic theory. The basic aim of the course is to develop skills in applying mathematical
concepts in microeconomic theory so that he/she will appreciate the theory more clearly which will
help him/her apply them in real contexts.
Learning Outcome
By the time student completes the course it is expected that he/she will be able to develop
skills in using elementary mathematical concepts in analysing economic problems. Student is
expected to conceptualise many economic problems and apply the mathematical tools in economic
theory so that students will get an insight into economic theory.
MODULE I The theory of Consumer Behaviour 37hours
The role of theory and mathematics in economics the nature of utility function
indifference curve existence of utility function maximisation of utility Derivation of demand
curves properties of demand function ordinary and compensated demand curves elasticities,
types and measurements Slutsky equation direct and cross effects substitutes and
complements
Linear expenditure system homogeneous and homothetic utility function indirect utility
function and duality in consumption revealed preference theorem
Henderson and Quandt (1980) Chapter 1 and 2
MODULE II The theory of the firm 34hours
Production functions and product curves isoquants elasticity of substitution Cobb-
Douglas, CES and Translog production function Optimising behaviour of firms input demand
functions Cost function long run and short run Duality in production.
Henderson and Quandt (1980) Chapter 4 and 5. Heathfield and Wibe (1987) Chapters 3, 4, 5 and 6.

62

MODULE III Market Structures 37 hours
Demand and Supply functions under perfect competition Goods market and Factor
market equilibrium Monopoly price discrimination monopsony monopolistic competition.
Henderson and Quandt (1980) Chapter 6 and 7
References:

1. Henderson, James M and Quandt, R E (1980): Microeconomic Theory a mathematical
approach, McGraw Hill Book Company.
2. Heathfield D.F and Wibe, Soren (1987): An Introduction to Cost and Production
functions Macmillan.
Prerequisites
Basic tools for Economic Analysis I and II
Under Graduate level Microeconomic Theory

63

Course Title: MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS II
Course Code: C02-ECO

Introduction
Today many economic concepts and theories are cast in mathematics. Students of
economics get an in-depth understanding of economic theory when it is expressed using
mathematics. Many economic concepts have behind them well woven mathematical concepts, the
knowledge of which will enhance the understanding of economics.
Objectives
This course is expected to provide students with an introduction to economic theory
through the use of elementary mathematics. This course will cover essential elementary topics in
micro economic theory. The basic aim of the course is to develop skills in applying mathematical
concepts in microeconomic theory so that he/she will appreciate the theory more clearly which will
help him/her apply them in real contexts.
Learning Outcome

MODULE I Linear Programming 37 hours
Concept Formulation of LPP Solution of LPP, Graphical method, Simplex method
Duality economic interpretation of dual application and limitation of linear programming.
Chiang. A.C (1988) Chapters 19 and 20. Loomba (1971)
MODULE II Input- Output Analysis 37 hours
The Model transaction matrix Components of final demand and value added Solution
to three sector model open and closed model static and dynamic model technical viability -
Hawkins-Simons conditions application and limitation of the model.
Chiang. A.C (1988) Chapters 5. Kundu et.al (1976) Chapters 2, 3 and 4 Boumol (1987) Chapter
22.
MODULE III Game Theory 34 hours
Concept Two-person zero sum game Maximin and Minimax strategy Saddle point
Mixed strategies
Allen R.G.D (1976) Chapter 15; Boumol W. J (1987) Chapter 18
64

References:
1. Allen R.G.D (1976): Mathematical Economics 2 ed., Macmillan
2. Boumol. W. J (1987): Economic Theory and Operations Analysis, 4 ed., Prentice Hall of
India.
3. Chiang. A.C (1988): Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, 3 ed. McGraw
Hill
4. Amithabh Kundu, P.N Mathur, G. S. Bhalla and Chalapathi Rao (1976): Input Output
Framework and Economic Analysis, Centre for the Study of Regional Development
Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi.
5. Loomba N.P (1971): Linear Programming, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company.
Prerequisites
Basic tools for Economic Analysis I and II
Under Graduate level Microeconomic Theory

65

Course Title: MATHEMATICS FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS I
Introduction
Students of economics should master a variety of mathematical tools for the deeper
understanding of economic theory. Many economic concepts have behind them well woven
mathematical concepts, the knowledge of which will enhance the understanding of economics.
Objectives
This course is expected to provide students with an elementary introduction to
mathematical concepts that are used in the study of economics at UG level. This course will cover
essential elementary topics in mathematics. The basic aim of the course is to develop skills in
applying mathematical concepts that are indispensable for the in depth study of theoretical as well
as empirical economics.
Learning Outcome
MODULE I Functions and Graphs in Economics 30 hours
Concept of Function Classes and types of Functions, Single valued, multi-valued, single
variable, multi-variable, increasing, decreasing, convex and concave functions. Graph of functions,
linear, quadratic and cubic, logarithmic, exponential functions and their graphs.
Allen (1956) Chapter 3, Chiang. A.C (1988) Chapter 2
MODULE II Differentiation of Single Variable functions 38 hours
Limit and Continuity of Functions Some important limits Point continuity and interval
continuity Properties of continuous functions Rules of differentiation Higher Order
derivatives LHospitals rule Application of Derivatives Unconstrained Maxima and Minima
of functions
Allen (1956) Chapters 4 to 10. Yamane (2004) Chapter 2 and 3. Chiang. A.C (1988) Chapter 6,7,9
and 10.
MODULE III Differentiation of Several Variable functions 40 hours
Derivatives and Differentials Partial and total derivatives, Total differential Higher
order derivatives and differentials Homogeneous function properties Constrained
optimisation Lagrange multiplier method.
Allen (1956) Chapters 11 to 14. Yamane (2004) Chapters 4 and 5. Chiang. A.C (1988) Chapters
11 and 12.

66

Notes:
1. No essay questions should be asked from module I.
2. Weightage to the modules should be given according to the hours allotted for each.
References:
2. Yamane, Taro (2004): Mathematics for economists: an elementary survey, Prentice Hall
of India.
3. Chiang. A.C (1988): Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, 3 ed. McGraw
Hill

67

Course Title: MATHEMATICS FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS II
Introduction
Students of economics should master a variety of mathematical tools for the deeper
understanding of economic theory. Many economic concepts have behind them well woven
mathematical concepts, the knowledge of which will enhance the understanding of economics.
Objectives
This course is expected to provide an elementary introduction to mathematical concepts
that are used in the study of economics at UG level. This course will cover essential elementary
topics in mathematics. The basic aim of the course is to develop skills in applying mathematical
concepts that are indispensable for the in depth study of theoretical as well as empirical economics.
Learning Outcome
theory so that he/she will get an insight into economic theory.

MODULE I Integral Calculus 38 hours
Concept of integration Integral of single variable function Definite integral as area
under curve properties Indefinite integral as anti-derivative properties rules of integration
integration by substitution integration by parts application of integration in economics
relationship between total and marginal values consumers surplus and producers surplus
present and discounted values.
Allen (1956) chapter 15, Yamane (2004) Chapter 6. Chiang. A.C (1988) chapter 13.
MODULE II Matrix Algebra I 40 hours
Definition of matrix types of matrices operation on matrices determinants properties
inverse of a matrix Cramers rule Gauss elimination method solving a system of linear
equations
Yamane (2004) Chapter 10 Chiang. A.C (1988) Chapters 4 and 5.
MODULE III Matrix Algebra II 30 hours
Linear independence and rank of matrix characteristic root or eigen value quadratic
forms Sign definiteness Optimisation conditions of quadratic forms subject to linear
constraints.
Yamane (2004) Chapter 11. Chiang A.C (1988) Chapters 11 and 12.

68

References:
2. Yamane, Taro (2004): Mathematics for economists: an elementary survey, Prentice Hall
of India.
3.Chiang. A.C (1988): Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, 3 ed. McGraw
Hill

69

Course title: INTRODUCTORY ECONOMICS I
Course category: COMPLEMENTARY

Objectives:
This course is intended to provide students with the elementary ideas in Economic theory.
It focuses on providing students with the basic knowledge of terms and concepts related to
Economics. To people in every walk of life ,this basic knowledge in Economics is a prerequisite
for successful careers in both private and public sector enterprises. This course will arm the
students with the knowledge of fundamental of the subject that is extremely useful in both job
market and academic field.

MODULE I(15 hrs)
Exploring the subject matter of Economics- scope and method of Economics- The
Economic problem Scarcity and choice-Production possibility curve-Central problems of an
Economy-Role of price mechanism-Functions and limitations of price mechanism.

MODULE II(25 hrs)
Demand analysis-Cardinal Utility approach-Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility-
Consumers equilibrium-Derivation of Demand curve-Law of Demand-Elasticity of demand-price,
cross and Income elasticity of Demand-Measurement of elasticity of demand-consumers surplus-
Indifference curve Analysis-Scale of preference-Indifference Schedule- Properties of Indifference
Curve

MODULE III(25 hrs)
Theory of production and cost- production function-factors of production-Labour and
Capital-Capital formation-Labour- Organisation of labour and specialization- functions of
entrepreneurs- Laws of production-Law of variable proportions-Returns to scale-Economies of
Scale-Cost and Revenue function-Types of costs-Long run and short run-Revenue and Revenue
curves.

MODULE IV(25 hrs)
Market forms-perfect Competition- Equilibrium of the firm in short run and long run-
Imperfect competition- price and output determination under Monopoly-Features of Monopolistic
Competition-price and output determination under Monopolistic Competition.

MODULE V(18 hrs)
Theory of Distribution-Marginal productivity theory of distribution-Wages-Theories of
Wages-Rent-Ricardian and Modern theories of rent-Quasi rent Interest-Gross and Net interest-
classical, Neo-classical and liquidity preference theory of interest- profits-Gross and Net profits-
Theories of profits.

70

References:

1. K.K.Dewett : Modern Economic Theory (S.Chand)
2.I.G.Reynolds : Micro Economic Analysis and policy (UBS)
3. Ahuja H L :Advanced Economic Theory (S.Chand)
4. Watson : Price theory and its uses

71

Course Title: INTRODUCTORY ECONOMICS II

Objectives
With this course [Introductory Economics II] students are expected to learn the simple
relationship and ideas in the measurement of National income, banking, finance and development
issues of Indian economy. It is designed to introduce the fundamental concepts of Macro
economies. The course aims at developing basic principles of economic reasoning and there by
generating skills so that graduates can take up challenging careers in business firms and Govt.al
agencies

MODULE I(15 hrs)
National income Accounting- variants of National income [GNP,. NNP, NI, Personal
Income, Disposable Income, per-capita income]- Computation of NI- Difficulties and limitations-
National income as a development indicator.

MODULE II(28 hrs)
Money and Banking-Meaning of money-type, role and functions of money-Inflation and
deflation-functions of commercial banks-Mechanism of credit creation by commercial banks-
Modern trends in commercial banking-Functions of Central Banks-Instruments of credit control-
Quantitative methods [Bank rate, open market operations, Repo rate, Reverse repo rate, CRR,
SLR ]- Qualitative or selective credit control methods- Role and functions of RBI.

MODULE III( 25 hrs)
Public finance-Scope and subject matter-sources of public revenue-public expenditure-
Recent trends in the growth of public expenditure-public debt-purposes of public debt and methods
of debt redemption. Budget-Deficit budget and Deficit financing

MODULE IV(15 hrs)
International trade-Importance of International trade-Gains of trade-Balance of trade and
Balance of payments. Disequilibrium in Balance of payments-Measures to correct disequilibrium
in Balance of payments

MODULE V(25 hrs)
Development issues of Indian economy- Poverty, Inequality, Unemployment and Black
money
References:
1. K.K.Dewett- Essentials of Macro Economics (for Module I) S. Chand
2. K.K.Dewett- Modern Economic Theory (S.Chand)
3. Misra and puri- IndianEconomy
4. KPM Sundaram: Public Finance

72

Course title: HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT-I

Objectives:
This course is expected to develop a strong understanding among students in the
developments of major ideas in economics. It will shed light in the state of the science of
economics in the past, on the course of its present movement and on the future direction. The
branch of history of economic thought continues to grow as the science of economics matures.
New ideas, new concepts, terms, problems values make it necessary that the basic controversies
and major contributions are reviewed. Since this course provides them with a solid background to
the development of numerous theories and hypotheses in economics, it will provide them with a
good understanding of the contemporary economics

MODULE I: Ancient Economic Thought
Ancient Economic thought_ Hebrew, Greek and Roman- Medieval economic thought-
Islamic economic thought-Scholasticism-St.Thomas Acquinas-Basics of Mercantilism-
Physiocracy- Francois Quesnay.

MODULE II: Classicism:
Classicism:- Adam Smith: Naturalism and Optimism, productive and unproductive labour,
theory of value, theory of distribution, theory of taxation, theory of economic growth- Impact of
wealth of Nations. David Ricardo: Theory of value, theory of distribution, theory of rent, theory of
economic development, theory of money, theory of foreign trade: T.R.Malthus: Theory of
population, theory of glut-Says Law of market-Jeremy Bentham-J.S.Mill-- A critique of
classicism.

MODULE III: Socialist Economic Thought
Socialist economic thought-St. Simon and Sismondi-Utopian Socialists: Robert Owen,
Charles Fourier, Proudhon. State Socialists:- Rodbertus, Lassalle and Louis Blanc-Karl Marx and
scientific socialism-Historical materialism, Dialectical materialism Stages of social development-
Labour theory of value, theory of surplus value, theory of profit, theory of economic development-
Lenin and his theory of Imperialism-Democratic socialism.

73

References
1. L.H. Haney : History of Economic thought
2. Robert. B. Edelund : A History of Economic theory and method
3. Alexander Gray &Thomson :The Development of Economic Doctrines
4. Robert Lekachman : A History of Economic Ideas
5. Eric Roll : A History of Economic Thought
6. John Eatwell (ed) : The New Palgrave-Marxian Economics
7. B.N. Ghosh & Rama Ghosh : Concise History of Economic Thought
8. T.N. Hajela : A History of Economic Thought
9. Abdul Hassan M Sadiq : Readings in Economic Thought-Arab Muslim
Economic Thought-Lingman, Malaysia, 1992
10. Abdul Azhim Islahi : History of Economic Thought in Islam,
Department of Economics, Aligarh Muslim
University 1996.

74

Course title: HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT-II

MODULE I: Reconstruction of Economic Science(40 hrs)
Reconstruction of Economic Science:Subjective(Austrian) School:Carl Menger,Bohm
Bawerk,Frederich Von Wiser- Marginalist School: Gossen, Jevons, J.B.Clark, Leon Walras,
Vilfredo Pareto. Swedish School: Wicksell and wicksteed_ Thorstein Veblen and Institutionalism

MODULE II Neo-classical and Keynesian Economics (35 hrs)
Neo-classical school: Marshall, Pigou and Irving Fisher- Keynesian Revolution-.Great
Depression-Theory of Employment- Multiplier.

MODULE III (33 hrs)
Indian economic thought. Ancient Indian economic thought: Kautilyas Arthasastra-
Thiruvalluvar.- Modern Indian economic thought: Dadabai Naoroji, M.G. Ranade, M.K.Gandhi,
J.K.Mehta - Amartyasen

References
1.L.H. Haney : History of Economic thought
2.Robert. B. Edelund : A History of Economic theory and method
3.Alexander Gray&Thomson :The Development of Economic Doctrines
4.Robert Lekachman : A History of Economic Ideas
5.Eric Roll : A History of Economic Thought
6.John Eatwell (ed) : The New palgrace-Marxian Economics
7.B.Datta : Indian Economic Thought
8.B.N.Ganguly : Indian Economic Thought
9.B.N. Ghosh & Rama Ghosh : Concise History of Economic Thought
10.T.N. Hajela : A History of Economic Thought

75

Course Title: BASIC ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Introduction
Quantification of economic relationship is essential for understanding the direction and
magnitude of the variation of economic variables. Validation of economic theory through
empirical evidence gives theory a special status. Now-a- days economists allow economic data to
speak themselves. Econometrics, as an independent branch of knowledge has gained momentum in
this context and has become increasingly relevant and significant. Therefore, an understanding of
basic principles of econometric theory is inevitable for any serious study of economics. Mastery
over econometric tools helps the practitioner understand the problem at hand in its different
dimensions. Econometricians are widely demanded by those who are interested to know the facts
through figures. Hence, training in econometrics at UG level will enhance the analytical skill of
students thereby they will attract wider demand in professional fields.
Objectives
The course in econometrics is intended to give fundamentals of econometric theory. It is
aimed at developing critical thinking, creating problem solving, model building and analytical
capabilities in students.
Learning Outcomes
By the time students complete the course in basic econometrics it is expected that they will
be able to develop simple economic models and estimate models using real data set. Student is
expected to carry out research project in that regression techniques could be applied successfully.
MODULE I Introduction 8 hours
Econometric approach Econometric modelling, Data and Methodology Deterministic
and Stochastic model Causality and the ceteris paribus in Econometric analysis (No essay
question should be asked from this module)
Gujarati (2006) Chapter 1, Koutsoyiannis. A (1973), Chapter 1
MODULE II Statistical Inference 40 hours
Estimation and Hypothesis testing estimation of parameter Point and interval estimation
properties Hypothesis testing Confidence interval approach Test of Significance approach
Chi-square and F test of significance
Gujarati (2006) Chapter 4
MODULE III Simple Regression Model 30 hours
Two variable linear regression model Meaning of linearity Model assumptions
Functional forms OLS estimation Variance and standard error of OLS estimators Goodness
of fit Estimating functions in economics - Reporting and interpreting regression result.
Gujarati (2006) Chapter 5
76

MODULE IV Multiple Regression Model 30 hours
Multiple linear regression model assumptions OLS estimation variance and standard
errors Hypothesis testing goodness of fit Estimating three variable production functions, cost
functions and interpret the result. (No matrix algebra need be used).
Violation of Classical assumptions of regression model: Meaning, Causes and Consequence
Detection of: Multicolinearity Heteroscedasticity Autocorrelation (No detailed study is
expected. No essay question should be asked)
Gujarati (2006) Chapters 5, 6, 7 and 10

References:
Gujarati, D (2006): Essentials of Econometrics, 3. ed. McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
Koutsoyiannis, A (1973): Theory of Econometrics, Harper and Row Publishers, Inc, New York.
Supplementary reading:
Maddala, G.S. (1977): Econometrics, McGraw Hill Book Company, New

77

Course Title: POPULATION STUDIES

Objectives:
The modules incorporated in this course educate the students about the inter-
relationship between economic development and population, along with an exposition of the
established theories of population. The paper deals with an analysis of different demographic
techniques and basic sources of demographic data. Different aspects of population policy and
planning and study of social characteristics are important components.

MODULE I Introduction (20 hours)
Population study-meaning, nature, scope and importance-theories of population-
Malthusian Theory of Population- Optimum Theory of Population- Theory of Demographic
Transition-Components of Population Growth and their Interdependence-Population and
Economic Development.

MODULE II Measures and Quality of Population (30hours)
The Concept of Quality of Population-Factors affecting Quality of Population-
Measures of Crude Birth Rate-General Fertility Rate-Total Fertility Rate-Reproduction Rate-Gross
Reproduction Rate and Net Reproduction Rate- Crude Death Rate-Infant Mortality-Life
expectancy.

MODULE III Population in India (40 hours)
Population Trends in Recent Years in India- Population Policy-Ageing-Gender Issues-
Women Empowerment-Migration concepts and types-internal and international migration Its
effects on population growth and pattern- Theories of migration Urbanisation-Growth and
distribution of rural urban population in developed and developing countries Family Planning
strategies and their outcomes - Policies related to Health, Nutrition, Education, Training.

MODULE IV - Trends in World Population (18 hours)
Population Trends in Recent Years- Population Explosion- Growth of World
Population- Developed and Developing Nations- Pattern of Age and Sex Structure in Developed
and Developing Nations- Determinants of Age and Sex Structure-Age Pyramids and Projections.

78

References:

1. Agarwal S.N (1972), Indias Population Problem, Tata McGraw-Hill, Co,
Bombay
2. Bose.A (1996) Indias Basic Demographic Statitics, B.A .Publishing Corporation, New Delhi
3. Bouge.D.J (1971) Principles of Demography, John Wiley, New York
4. Chenery.H and T.N.Srinivasan (Eds) (1989), Hand Book of Development Economics, Vol. 1
& 2 Elsevier, Amsterdam, et
5. Choubey.P.K (2000), Population Policy in INDIA, Kanishka Publications, New Delhi
6. Coale.A.J and L.M.Hoover (1958), Population Growth and Economic Development in Low
Income Countries: A Case Study of Indias Prospects, Princeton University Press, Princeton
7. Gulati.S.C (1998), Fertility in India: An Econometric Study of a Metropolis Sage, New Delhi
8. Simon.J.L (1992), Population and Development in Poor Countries, Princeton University Press
9. Srinivasan K (1998), Basic Demographic Techniques and Application Sage, New Delhi
10. Srinivasan K and A.Shariff (1998), India: Towards Population and Demographic Goals,
Oxford University Press
11. Sryrock.H et.al (1973), The Methods and Materials of Demography, US Department of
Commerce, Washington D.C

79

Course Title: DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
Course Category: COMPLEMENTARY COURSE
Objectives
The main purpose of this course is to offer a survey of mainstream theories of growth and
development to enable students to acquire an understanding of the multi-dimensional aspects of
development issues.
MODULE I: Introduction [25 hours]
Defining development; Development and Growth-Structure and Characteristics of
developing nations- Explaining Under development- Obstacles to growth and development-
Economic and non-economic factors-vicious circle of poverty-Basic requirements of development-
Measuring Development and Development Gap; Human Development index and other indices of
development and quality of life.

MODULE 2: Theories of Development [28 hours]
Adam Smith, Ricardo, Malthus, Marxs Theory of Economic Development. Rostows
Stages theory, Big push theory, Critical minimum effort thesis, balanced and unbalanced theories-
Lewis Growth Model.

MODULE 3: Determinants of Development [40hours]
Capital and Economic Development; Capital formation; sources of capital, capital-output
ratio-Population and Economic development; Theory of Demographic Transition-Human capital
formation and Manpower planning- Technological change and Economic Development;
Intermediate technology-Role of Industry and Agriculture in Development- Role of Foreign
capital, Foreign trade and Foreign Aid in Economic Development.
MODULE 4: Development Planning [15 hours]
Meaning and rationale of Economic Planning; Types of Planning-Planning Strategy;
Investment Criteria and Cost benefit analysis.

References:
1. Meir, Gerald, M, Leading issues in Economic Development-Oxford University Press,
Delhi (1990)
2. Thirwal, A.P, Growth and Development-ELBS/Macmillan, London (1994)
3. Todaro, Michael, P; Economic Development in the Third World, Orient longman,
Hyderabad, (1993)
4. Adelman Irma: Theories of Economic Growth and Development. Stanford university
press, California (1962)
5. Nurkse, Ranger: Problem of Capital Formation in Under Developed Countries,
monthly review Press, New York (1957)
6. Misra and Puri; Economics of Development and Planning-Theory and Practice,
Himalaya publishing House, New Delhi (2007)

80

Course title: REGIONAL ECONOMICS
Credit: 4 credit (108 contact hours)
Course code :C I2-ECO

Objectives:

The purpose of the course is to impart understanding about the dynamics of regional development.
It aims to provide a broad overview of the techniques of regional analysis

Module I: Concepts

Definition of Regional Economics and region- Different types of regions- regional income,
Problems of estimation; indicators of regional development.

Module 2: Location of Firms

One market one input case; more generalized versions; locational interdependence; hotelling
phenomena; General Equilibrium; Uncertainty; Maximizing vs. Satisfying.

Module 3: Regional Growth and Techniques of Regional Analysis

Spatial price theory-price equilibrium in geographically separated and interlinked markets; Spatial
Macro Economics-inter regional income models. Regional Multiplier. Neo classical Growth
models-Cumulative causation models; Center Periphery Model; Growth pole analysis;
Convergence and Divergence of disparities in per capita regional income. Techniques of Regional
Analysis: Regional and inter regional input-output analysis; Attraction model; Gravity model;
shift-share Analysis; Impact studies

Module 4: Regional Policy

People Prosperity Vs. Place Prosperity; Formulation of inter regional objectives; Consistency
between national and regional objectives; Alternative regional policy measures; Historical
evidence; Inter-Regional differences in Indias development-Regional Policy in India.

81

Books for study:
1. Chand, M and V.K Puri; Regional Planning in India, Allied Publishers, New Delhi
(1983)
2. Hover, E.M, An Introduction to Regional Economics, Alfred P Knopf New York
(1974)
3. Isard W, Methods of Regional Analysis: MIT press, Cambridge, Mass (1960)
4. Nair, K.R.G. Regional Experience in a Developing Economy, Wiley-Eastern, New
Delhi (1982)
5. Richardson H.W, Regional Economics, Weidenfield and Nicholson, London (1969)
6. Brahmananada, P.R, and V.R Panchmukhi (Eds), Development Experience in the
India Economy, Inter state perspectives, Bookwell, Delhi (2001)

82

OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN COURSES COURSES COURSES COURSES

83

Course Title: ECONOMICS OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM
Course Category: OPEN COURSE
Credit: 2( 36 contact hours)
Course code: 5D 01-ECO

Objectives:
The Travel and Tourism Industry is widely recognized as the worlds number one industry
and the most dynamic and largest business in the world. India, particularly Kerala is not an
exception from this. Under this circumstance the important objective of this course is to make
awareness about the economic importance of Travel and Tourism to the students.

MODULE -I:
Introduction, Nature and scope of Tourism Management-Forms and Types- Major Tourism
centers in Kerala-Importance and motivation of Tourism-Impact of Tourism with special reference
to Kerala.

MODULE -II:
Planning and Development of Tourism in India- Techniques of Tourism Planning -
Designing and managing tourist resorts-Tourism marketing.

MODULE -III:
Travel and Tourism Guidance of Indian and Foreign Tourists- Basic skills essential for
guides-Guidance for special recruitment of Tourists-Cultural tourism: Theyyam and Kathakali-
Health tourism- Guidance through foreign Languages

MODULE -IV:
Recent Trends in Indian and International Tourism-Tourism Industry accounting -Receipt
and Expenditure Account-Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet.

References:
1. Tourism and Travel: Concepts and Principles: Jag Mohan Negri
2. Tourism Development: Bhatia
3. Successful Tourism Management: Pran Nath Seth
4. Geography for Tourism: Philip.G.David off.
5. Marketing for hospitability and tourism: kother Philip, Bowen John
6. Hospitability and Travel Marketing: Pearson & Education-Edu 2006, Morrison Alistair
Delmar (Thomson publications-2007)
7. International Tourism Management: A.K.Bhatia

84

Course Title: ENERGY ECONOMICS
Course code : 5 D 02-ECO

MODULE- I
Meaning and concept of energy- classification and sources of energy-Forms of energy-
Renewable and non-renewable energy-Solar to hydrogen-Methods of energy (power) generation-
Economics of energy-Energy parameters and Energy constraints- Energy ratios-Energy intensity
and Energy productivity-Energy Environment linkages-Energy and Economic development.

MODULE- II
Energy availability at the global and national levels. Availability of coal, oil, nuclear
sources-Recovery periods of non-renewable energy sources-Energy markets-Energy statistics and
energy determinants. The concept of MW, units, and nega watt-Energy price-Energy tariffing -
methods of energy pricing-pricing models- least cost analysis-Energy audit and energy savings.

MODULE -III
Determinants of Energy Demand - demand side management-methods to bring down
power consumption- Energy efficiency-demand side management in India-Power systems- Major
constraints of power system in India and Kerala. Kerala power system: features and issues. Energy
taxes and subsidies Energy planning at the micro level-Privatization of energy sector-global
energy demand and supply- Global energy crises- Alternative energy strategy.

85

References:

1. International Energy Initiative (IEI) World Energy Outlook 2008, and preceding
volumes.
2. Meir p; Munasinghe M. (1993) :Energy Policy Analysis and Modeling. CUP, New York.
3. Economic Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, UN (1999) Compendium of
Energy Conservation legislation in Countries of Asia & Pacific Region U.N. Bangok
4. D.W Pearce & R.Kerry Turner.Economic of Natural Resources & Environment, John
Hopkines Press, Balimore.
5. J.M. Griffin & H.B. Steele (1989) Energy Economics and Policy- Academic Press
6. Tom Tidenberg (1992) Environment & Natural Resource Economics Academic Press
7. Robert Hill, Reefe O Phil & Snap Colin (1993) Future of Energy Use Earth scan
Publication London.
8. J. Goldenberg et al (1988) Energy for a Sustain World Formerly Wiley Eastern- New
Delhi
9. D.W. Jorgenson, P.Wilcoxen (1983) Hand Book of Natural Resources and Energy
Economics Vol.III Elservier Science Publishers.
10. Meir p; Munasinghe M. Pricing of electricity in India,
11. P.R.Sukla U.A. Pandya (1992) a long term Energy an environment forecast for India
Modeling and policy analysis.
12. Pavithran K.V (2005) Economics of Power generation Transmission and distribution- a
Study of Kerala- Serial Publication New Delhi.
13. Madhuraj (2001) Environmental Economics IVY Publishing New Delhi
14. Bosselman (2006) Energy economics in environment. Foundation Press 2
nd
Edition
15. Vijayamohanan Pillai (2005) Plight of the power sector in Kerala,-CDS Publication
16. RVG Menon- Energy KSSP Publication

86

Course Title: ECONOMETRICS
Course code : 5 D 03-ECO

MODULE 1 Introduction
Definition and scope of econometrics: The methodology of econometrics - Specification
and estimation of an econometric model: Basic concepts of estimation: Desirable properties of
estimators.

MODULE 2: Simple Regression Analysis and Theoretical Distribution
Statistical vs. deterministic relationships: Correlation and regression: Coefficient of
determination: Estimation of an equation-Testing of hypothesis- Standard errors: Tests based on
Z, t and
2
(Chi-square) statistics.

MODULE 3: Estimation Theory
Ordinary least squares (OLS) method- assumptions: Gauss- Markov theorem- Testing of
regression coefficient. Problem in OLS Estimation Problems of heteroscedasticity: Auto-
correlation (first order) - Multicollinearity- test and remedies

MODULE 4: Application of Econometric Methods
Estimation of demand and supply functions- Production and cost functions- Consumption
function and investment function.

References:
1. Gujarati D (1995) Basic Econometrics, Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi
2. Koutsoyiannis A (1977) Theory of Econometrics, Macmillan, Hampshire
3. Intrilligator, M.D (1980) Econometric Models and Techniques, Prentice Hall, India

87

Course Title: INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS
Credit: 2(36contacthours)
Course code : 5 D04-ECO

Objectives:
This course intends to provide knowledge to the students regarding productivity, efficiency,
and capacity utilization and debates involved in the industrial development of India.

MODULE I: Introduction
Meaning, need, significance and scope of the study of industrial economics- Industrial
profile-private sector, large, medium and small-scale industries- village industries, public sector
industries- integration, industrial combinations, courses, merges and amalgamations.

MODULE II: Theories of Industrial Location
Factors influencing the location of industries- Theories of industrial location-
diversification, dispersion and problem of regional imbalance.

MODULE III: Industrial Productivity & Efficiency
Productivity-Norms and measurement- factors affecting productivity and capacity
utilization.

MODULE IV: Indian Industry in the International Context
Globalization and Indian Industry- International competitiveness of Indian industry, Issues
in industrial proliferation and environmental preservation.

References:

1. Kuchhal.S.C Industrial Economy of India - Chaithanya Publishing House, Allahabad-1980
2. Barthwal.R.R Industrial Economics An introductory Text Wiley Eastern Limited. New
Delhi-1992
3. Singh A and A.N.Sadhu Industrial Economics, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai-1988
4. Desai.P-Industrial Economy of India, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai-1999

88

Course Title: KERALA ECONOMY
Course code : 5D 05-ECO

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this course is to introduce some of the basic developmental issues of
Kerala economy.

MODULE-I Introduction
An overview of Kerala economy at the time of its formation-Unique features of Kerala
economy-Kerala in the National economy

MODULE II: Productive Sectors: Agriculture and Industry
Features of Agriculture in Kerala-cropping pattern-Land Reforms-Agricultural Stagnation:
causes and consequences. Industrial backwardness of Kerala- Traditional Industries: Problems and
Prospects. New growth sectors-ICT.

MODULE- III Service sector of Kerala
Role of service sector- Demographic transition- Education and health sectors- Energy
Sector and Energy crisis- Development of banking in Kerala: Commercial and Co-operative
Banks- Micro finance-Infrastructure development in Kerala- Unemployment and poverty- Gulf
migration and its socio-economic impact- Decentralised planning in Kerala. Global Financial crisis
and Kerala.

References:

1. G.K.Chadha -WTO and Indian Economy- [Deep and Deep publications]
2. B.A. Prakash-Keralas Economic development [Ed]
3. B.A.Prakash -Keralas Economy [Ed] ,sage.
4. P.P.Pillai -Kerala Economy-,John Mathew Foundations
5. George.K.K -Limits to Kerala model of development,CDS
6. Meera Bhai.M -Kerala Economy-slumber to performance
7. M.A. Oomman. -Essays on Kerala Economy,Oxford & IBH.
8. M.A.Oommen -Kerala Economy since independence,Oxford & IBH.
9. A.Ashokan, Perspectives of Health Economics, Serial, Publications, New Delhi, 2009
10. K.C. Sankara Narayanan & V.Karunakaran -Kerala Economy.
11. K.V. Pavithran -Economics of power generation, Distribution and Transmission in
Kerala, Serials Publication New Delhi,
12. A.C.K. Nambiar Socio-Economic conditions of gulf migrants, Common Wealth
publishers, New Delhi.
13. K. Rajan Kerala Economy: Trends during the Post Reform Period, Serials Publications,
New Delhi, 2009.

89

Course Title: HEALTH ECONOMICS

Objectives:
The objective of the course is to introduce basic issues of health economics. This course
will make the students familiar with the demand for and supply of health care and health transition
in Kerala

MODULE I Introduction
Definition of health economics-the nature of economics and health economics-Economic
issues in the health sector-demand for and supply of health-Factors affecting health-determinants
of health status. Health and economic development-impact of development policies on health-
current issues in health and development.

MODULE II Health Indicators
Health status indicators-birth rate, death rate, life expectancy- mortality-neonatal mortality,
postnatal mortality, under-five mortality, infant mortality, maternal mortality-chronic illness and
acute illness- incidence rate and prevalence rate of morbidity-fertility: meaning and measurement.

MODULE III Health Care System
Health care in India- Models of Health care-Urban and rural health care in India- utilization
of health care services in India impact of urbanization on health- Challenges to public health in
India- Malnutrition in India: causes and consequences- Population ageing and health.

MODULE IV Health Status of Kerala
Health status of Kerala- health, demographic and epidemiological transition in Kerala-
factors underlying health transition in Kerala-paradoxes of Keralas health sector

References:

1. Anne mills and Kenneth Lee (1993) Health Economics Research in Developing Countries,
Oxford University Press.
2. Anne Mills and Kenneth Lee (1985) The Economics of Health in Developing countries
Oxford University press.
3. Anand N.Kand shikha goel (2008): health economics, a.i.t.b.s publishers new Delhi
4. A.Ashokan (2009) Perspectives of Health Economics, Serial Publications, New Delhi.
5. David R Phillip and Yola Verhasset (ed.) (1994): Health and Development. Routledge,
London.
6. Gangadharan.k (2005): utilization of health services in urban kerala: a socio-economic
study, serials publications, New Delhi.
7. Himanshu sekhar rout and prasant Kumar panda (2007): health economics in India, new
century publications, New Delhi.
90

8. Government of Kerala (2006): human development report-kerala, state planning board,
Thiruvanthapuram.
9. Narayana.K.V. (1997) Health and development, Rawat Publications, New Delhi
10. James. W. Henderson (2007): health economics and policy, the Thomson Corporation,
New Delhi.
11. Kannan KP. Thankappan KK. Ramankutty V and KPAravindan (1991) Health and
development in rural kerala, Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad, Trivandrum
12. Krishnaswami. P (2004): morbidity study: incidence, prevalence, consequences and
associates, KRPLLD discussion paper no. 53, Center for development studies,
Thiruvanthapuram.
13. Kunhikannan.t.p and K.P aravindan (2000): changes in the health status of Kerala 1987-
1997, KRPLLD discussion paper no.20, center for development studies,
Thiruvanathapuram.
14. Kumar R (2008) Challenges of Health care in India. Economics and Administration, Deep
and Deep publications, New Delhi.
15. Osmani s.r (2000): nutrition and poverty, oxford university press, New Delhi
16. Panikar P.G.K and soman c.r (1984): health status of kerala: the paradox of economic
backwardness and health development, center for development studies, thiruvanthapuram.
17. Panikar pg.k (1999): health transition in kerala, KRPLLD discussion paper no. 10, center
for development studies, Thiruvanthapuram
18. Rexford E Santerre and Stephen P Neun (2000): Health economics, Theories, Insights and
Industry Studies, The Dryden press, Dryden
19. Svedberg. P (2000): poverty and under nutrition, oxford university press, London

91

Course Title: INSURANCE ECONOMICS

Objectives:
This course is expected to provide students with an introduction to the fundamental
principles of insurance and practices of insurance and financial sector

Definition of insurance- fundamentals of Insurance History of insurance-(Life and
Genral)-features of insurance contract-Insurance procedure-importance- Kinds of InsuranceRisk
and Risk and risk management

MODULE II:Principles of Insurance:
Principle of Insurance (a) Utmost good faith (b) Insurable Interest (c) Indemnity-
subrogation- contribution (d) Proximate cause- Distinction between life and general insurance-
Essentials of Insurance contract- Certificate of Insurance- renewal procedure- policies- premium-
claim- arbitration procedure- methods of settlement.

MODULE III: Essentials of different types of Insurance:
Life Insurance- features- kinds of insurance policies- premium determination- surrender
values- nomination assignment- loans- claims procedures- tax benefits- General insurance-
functions- basic principles. Fire insurance- Introduction- fire policy- Loss of Profit- Accounting
procedure. Marine Insurance- essentials- types of policies- marine policy conditions.
Miscellaneous Insurance- motor Insurance- Aviation Insurance- Burglary Insurance cattle
Insurance- crop Insurance

MODULES IV: Insurance & Economic development
Insurance institutions as financial intermediaries, insurance institution as investment
institutions, Insurance institutions in India

References:
1. Vaughan, E.J. and T.W.Vaughax, Fundamentals of Risk Insurance, Wiky, 2007
2. Dogman MS-Inbodutin to Risk Management & Insurance, Prentice Hall of India 2007
3. Tepathy, N.P.and P.Pal, Insurance: Theory and Practice prentice Hall of India 2005
4. Bikelhqpt.D.L-General Insurance, Irwin Inc, Bus Ridge III 1992
5. Black K Jr and H. D.Sheppa Jr Life & health Insurance prentice Hall, Uppa sddle
Rics New Jesay (200)
6. Tacchino K.B and D.A.Litta, Planning for Restatement Needs, The Amarican college,
Blyn Mawr (1993)

92

Course Title: ENTREPRENEURIAL ECONOMICS

Objectives
Entrepreneurial development is the key of economic development. The aim of this course is
to highlight the significance of entrepreneurship and to provide an insight into economics of
entrepreneurial development

MODULE 1
Entrepreneurial emergence of entrepreneurship- Entrepreneurship and CC development-
Role of entrepreneurship- concept of entrepreneurship- entrepreneurial traits and motivation-
factors affecting entrepreneurial growth- Obstacles to entrepreneurship in developing economy
like India- Theories of entrepreneurship- concept of women entrepreneurship- need scope and
problems

MODULE 2
Entrepreneurship development programmes (EDPs) need- objectives- importance-
course, contents and curriculum of EDPs- phases of EDPs- Institutional efforts and role of
government in developing entrepreneurship achievement- motivation.

MODULE 3
Starting new venture- search for a business idea- identifying a business opportunity
preliminary evaluation- project identification- project formulation- project appraisal

MODULE 4
Small scale business/industries- characteristics- objectives- importance of small business as
a seedbed entrepreneurship- role of small enterprises in economic development- problems of small
industry- institutional support- finance- taxation benefits to small enterprises

References:
1. S.S.Khanka-Entrepreneurial Development
2. Renu Arora and S.K. Sood Entrepreneurial Development and Project Managemant
3. Dr. C.B. Gupta and Dr. N.P. Sreenivasan Entrepreneurial Development in India

93

Course Title: LABOUR ECONOMICS
Course Code: 6 D 04- ECO
Credit: 2

Objectives:
This Course is intended to expose students to theoretical as well as empirical issues related
to the labour market with special reference to India.

Meaning, Concept, significance and peculiarities of labour- Nature, scope and importance
of labour economics.

MODULE II: Wage Determinations

Marginal productivity theory, Theory of collective bargaining, Modern theory of wages,
Concept of minimum wage and fair wage, Wage determination in various sectors-rural, urban,
organized, unorganized and informal sector. Wages in relation to cost and productivity, wage
policy in India.

MODULE III: Industrial Relations

Growth, pattern, structure, and achievements of labour unions in India- Causes of industrial
disputes, their settlement and prevention mechanism- role of tripartism, current trends in collective
bargaining.
MODULE IV: State and Labour

State and Social security of labour - appraisal of state policy with respect to social security
and labour welfare in India. Special problems of labour- child labour- Discrimination and gender
bias in treatment of labour- labour market reforms- Exit poles, need for safety nets- measures,
imparting and flexibility in labour markets, globalization in labour market.

References:

1. Datt- Bargaing power, wages. Employment & analysis of agricultural labour: Market in
India; sage publishers; New Delhi (1966)
2. Hayela.P.P- Labour Restructuring in India: A critique of the New Economic policies,
Commonwealth publishers, New Delhi (1988).
3. Jhabvala.R and R.K.Subhramanya (Edu). The Unorganized Sector; Work Security & Social
protection; Sage publication, New Delhi. (2000)
4. Lester.R.A, Economics of Labour (2
nd
Edition), Miacmillian, New York
5. McConnell, C.R and S.L. Blue, Contemporary Labour Economics McGraw- Hill, New York.
(1986).
94

6. Papola, T.S.P.P. Ghosh and A.N. Sharma (Edu) Labour, Employment and Industrial
Relations in India, B.R. Publishing Cooperation, New Delhi. (1993)
7. Rosenberg M.R, Labour Markets in Low Income Countries in Chenuy H.B.
8. T.N. Srinivasan (Ed.)- The Handbook of Development Economics North Holland, New York
9. Venkata Ratnam C.S, Globalization and Labour-Management Relations: Dynamics of
changes, Sage Publications/ Response Books, New Delhi (2001).

95

Course Title: ECONOMICS OF MARKETING
Course Code: 6 D 05- ECO
Credit: 2

Objective:
To impart knowledge of various aspects of markets and acquaint the students with applied
problems of marketing. The syllabus will also provide exposure to the students about the
marketing strategies of business concern.

MODULE I: Definition and Scope
Definition of marketing, Evaluation of marketing concept, Marketing and Economic
Developments.

MODULE II: Market Structures
Structure of marketing, Meaning and factors influencing consumer behavior, buying
motives, Buyer decision process, Business buying behavior, Customer value and customer
satisfaction. Customer relationship marketing.

MODULE III: Marketing Strategy
Marketing mix, Meaning and importance, Product planning and developments-PLC-
product mix branding-Brand equity-packaging-labeling-marketing of services-pricing and price
policy, Distribution policy-Functions of distribution channel, Marketing promotion and Marketing
research, advertisement, sales promotion, marketing information system.

MODULE IV: Global Marketing
Driving forces in Global marketing, products strategies for global market. Marketing
strategies for rural markets.

References:

1. Michel.J.Baker Marketing An Introductive Text, Macmillan Press- 1979
2. Michal.J.Baker: Marketing Theory & Practice (Ed), Marvellous Press Limited. 1976
3. Cotter Kevin and Koshi Marketing Management, Pearson Education, Delhi-2007

96

Evaluation :

The evaluation scheme for each course shall contain two parts
Continuous Evaluation
End Semester Evaluation
25% weight shall be given for Continuous Evaluation. The remaining 75% weight shall be given
for End Semester evaluation
Continuous Evaluation of a course shall be based on periodic written tests, assignments, seminars
and attendance
Components of Continuous Evaluation

SI.N o Component

Weight
a
Attendance
1
b
Assignment
1
c
Seminar
1
d Two test papers

2

Assignment: Each student shall be required to do two assignments for each course. Valued
assignments must be returned to the students.
Test :For each course there shall be two test in a semester. Valued answer scripts must be made
available to the students.
Seminar: Students shall be required to present a seminar on a selected topic in each course. The
evaluation of the seminar will be done by Teachers handling the paper.

Attendance:

Attendance 90% and above A.
85% to 89% B
80% to 84% C
75% to 79 % D
Below 75% E

97

PATTERN OF QUESTION PAPER

EXAMINATION TIME : 3 HOURS

WEIGHTAGE : 30

Type of questions and No. of questions Weightage
Objective types question in bunches of Two
8 objective type questions
1 (1x2) = 2
Very Short answer type questions
10 Very short answer type questions
1 (1x10)=10
Short answer type questions
5 Short answer questions
2 (2x5)= 10
Essay type questions
2 Essay type questions
4 (2x4)= 8
Total 30

* Informatics in Economics course shall have Theory examination for Two hours and One
hour Practical examination.

98

Model Question Papers Model Question Papers Model Question Papers Model Question Papers

99

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
B A DEGREE EXAMINATION - 2010
ECONOMICS/DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS MAIN
MICRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS-I (Core Course)
SEMESTER-1

TIME:3 hours TOTAL WEIGHTAGE : 30

Instruction: Answer may be written either in English or in Malayalam

PART A
Objective type questions (in bunches of two)

I. Choose the correct Answer

1. For two perfect substitutes, the MRS is
a) Constant b) Increasing c) Decreasing d) Zero

2. Cross elasticity of demand between petrol and automobiles is
a) Negative b) Zero c) High d) Infinite

3. An outward shift of PPC indicate
a) Inflation b) Overproduction
c) Overfull employment d) Economic growth

4. When output expands AFC remain
a) Fixed b) Falls c) Rises d) None of the above

(Weightage 1)
II. 5. Break even point indicates
a) TC = TR b) AC = AR c) MC = MR d) AVC = MC

6. Cobb Douglas production function shows
a) Increasing returns b)Diminishing returns
c) Constant returns d) Negative returns

7. If quantity of commodity demand remains unchanged as its price changes, the
Coefficient of elasticity of demand
a) greater than I b) less than I c) equal to I d) zero

8. The slope of the budget line indicates
a) MRS b) MRTS c) price ratio d) income ratio

(Weightage 1)
100

PART B
Short Answer questions: Answer any ten questions of the following not exceeding 50 words
each. Each question carries 1 weightage

9. What is comparative statics?
10. What is an Engel curve?
11. Explain consumers surplus.
12. What is Isoquant?
13. What is an optimum firm?
14. Explain cross elasticity of demand.
15. What is ridge line?
16. What is expansion path?
17. What is meant by economies of scale?
18. Why Marshall could not explain Giffen paradox
19. Explain relationship between MC and AC
20. Suppose the price of a commodity falls from Rs.10 to Rs.9 per unit and due to this
quantity demanded increases from 100 to 120 units. Find out price elasticity of
demand.

(Weightage 1x10)

PART C
Short Essay: Answer any five questions not exceeding 150 words each. Each question
carries 2 weightage

21. Price effect is a combination of income effect and substitution effect. Explain
22. Explain Cobb-Douglas production function
23. Examine scarcity and choice as the central problem of a free enterprise economy
24. Describe short run supply curve of a firm operating under perfect competition
25. How would you explain the following problems with the help of production
possibility curve?
a) The problem of unemployment
b) The problem of economic growth
26. Given the following market demand function of the commodity X
Qx = f ( Px Py Pz T I )
Px=Price of x commodity Py= Price of substitute commodity Y
Pz= Price of commodity Z which is complement of X
I= Level of income of consumer T= Taste and preference
How will the market demand for x commodity change?
a) If price of the commodity X rises
b) If price of substitute commodity Y rises
c) Price of complementary commodity Z falls
d) Income of the consumer rises
27. Explain how demand curve is derived from Price consumption curve

(Weightage 2x5)
101

PART- D
Long essay Answer any two questions not exceeding 450 words. Each question carries 4
weightage

28) Revealed preference theory makes a major advancement in the theory of demand-
Explain.
29) Explain Cobb-Douglus production function. What are its shortcomings?
30) With the help of Indifference curve technique, explain the following
a) How two individuals exchanging two goods will attain maximum satisfaction?
b) How a worker divides his time between work and leisure?
31) Explain producers equilibrium with least cost combination by Isoquant-Isocost
Analysis .How producer expand his volume of output

(Weightage 4x2)

102

MICRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS-II (Core Course)
SEMESTER-II
TIME: 3 hours TOTAL WEIGHTAGE : 30

PART A

I. Choose the correct Answer

1. The author of Economics of Imperfect competition was
a) Lionel Robbins b) E. Chamberline C) Joan.V. Robinson d) J.R.Hicks

2. The upper portion of the kinked demand curve is relatively
a) More inelastic b) Inelastic c) Less elastic d) more elastic

3. All of the solution possible in the face of existing constraints are called
a) Optimal solution b) Feasible solution c) Primal solution d) Dual solution

4. Kinked demand curve indicate
a) price flexibility b) price rigidity c) demand flexibility d) demand rigidity

II.5. Non price competition exist under
a) Bilateral monopoly b) Monopoly
c) Perfect competition d) Monopolistic competition

6. Under imperfect competition degree of monopoly power depends upon difference
between
a) MR&MC b) AC&MC c) MR&AC d) None of the above

7. The condition of Pareto optimality holds correct under
a) Perfect competition b) monopolistic competition c) oligopoly d) all the above

8. Nominal wage refers to the amount of wages in terms of
a) Goods b) services c) money d) utility
(Weightage: 1)

103

PART B

9. What is product differentiation?
10. Explain dumping.
11. Explain the concept of supply curve.
12. Explain the concept of scarcity rent.
13. What is Non price competition?
14. What is meant by equilibrium of an industry?
15. Distinguish risk & uncertainty.
16. What is normal profit?
17. Define selling cost.
18. Explain Dynamic theory of profit.
19. What is Collusive oligopoly?
20. Define economic efficiency.

( Weightage: 1x10)

PART C
carries 2 weightage

21. State marginal productivity theory of factor pricing
22. Explain the components of demand for and supply of loanable funds
23. Explain Cournots duopoly model
24. State different forms of price leadership
25. Explain the conditions of long run equilibrium of industry under perfect competition
26. Explain price discrimination
27. Explain group equilibrium

(Weightage: 2x5)

PART- D
weightage

28. Explain product exhaustion theorem
29. Critically explain liquidity preference theory of interest
30. Explain kinked demand curve hypothesis
31. How does allocation of resources under perfect competition help in the attainment of
maximum social welfare.
(Weightage: 4x2)
104

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
ECONOMICS/DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
MACRO ECONOMIC THEORY-I (Core Course)
SEMESTER III



PART A

I. Choose the correct answer.

1. An equilibrium which holds a particular position over time is
a) Unstable equilibrium b) Stable equilibrium
c) Partial equilibrium d) General equilibrium

2. Equation of exchange is converted into the quantity theory of money by
assuming the following variables as constant
a) M and V b) V and T c) M and P d) V and P

3. When MPC is 0.5 the value of the multiplier is
a) 5 b) 0.5 c) 2 d) 4

4. At liquidity trap
a) I/ r = 0 b) I/ r = 1 c) I/ r = d) I/ r = 0.1
(Weightage: 1).
II. 5. The idea that a general cut in wages will finally lead to a state of full employment
was suggested by
a) Marshall b) Keynes c) J.B.Say d) A.C.Pigou

6. If the values of MPS is 0.2, on investment of Rs.500 crores causes an expansion of
income by .
a) Rs.2500 crores b) Rs.1000 crore c) Rs.4000 crore d) no change

7. The permanent income hypothesis was developed by ..
a) Keynes b) Friedman c) Duesenberry d) Modigliani

8. Condition of equilibrium in a four sector model is
a) S = 1 b) S + T = I + G c) S + T+ M = I + G + X d) C + T = C + G

(Weightage: 1).
105

PART B

9. Distinguish between stock and flow variable.
10. Explain double counting.
11. Explain classical Dichotomy.
12. If in an economy, out of every additional Rs.100 of national income, Rs.20 is
taxed,Rs.20 is saved and Rs.10 is spent on imports, find out the value of multiplier.
13. What is Pigou Effect?
14. Explain Ratchet effect
15. Explain Paradox of Thrift.
16. What is liquidity trap?
17. What is secular stagnation?
18. Explain MEC
19. Explain the meaning of accelerator
20. What is invisible hand?

(Weightage: 1x10)

PART C
carries 2 weightage

21. Explain circular flow of income and expenditure in a two sector model.
22. Explain Says Law of Market.
23. Explain the Relative Income Hypothesis.
24. Explain Liquidity Preference Theory of interest.
25. Explain Fishers quantity theory of money.
26. Explain Macro economic variables.
27. Explain the concept effective demand.

(Weightage: 2x5
PART- D
weightage

28. Critically examine the Classical Theory of Employment.
29. Explain Keynes psychological law of consumption.
30. Explain general equilibrium of product and money market.
31. Explain investment functio

(Weightage: 4x2)

106

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
ECONOMICS/DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
MACRO ECONOMIC THEORY-II (Core Course)
SEMESTER IV



PART A

I. Choose the correct answer

1. Inflation cannot be caused by
a) Cost push factor b) Excessive money supply
b) Excessive production d) Demand pull factors

2. In a business cycle depression is followed by
a) Boom b) recovery c) recession d) prosperity

3. The equation of warranted rate of growth is
a) GwCr = S b) GnCr = S c)Gc = S d) Gw = Cr.S

4. Which of the following not an element of high powered money
a) Currency b) Repos c) Required reserves d) Excess reserves
(Weightage: 1).
II. 5. The equilibrium growth rate in the Harrod-Domar model is
a) natural growth rate b) warranted growth
c) actual growth rate d) full employment growth rate

6. The phenomenon of increase in money wages that leads to decrease in
unemployment is shown by
a) Speculative demand curve b) Phillips curve
c) Income consumption curve d) Aggregate supply

7. Which of the following is not an objective of monetary policy?
a) Price stability b) Economic growth
c) Balance of payment equilibrium d) Reduction in export

8. . is not a NBFI
a) SBI b) IDBI c) Post office d) HDFC

(Weightage: 1)

107

PART B

9. What is stagflation?
10. What is bottleneck inflation?
12. Explain warranted rate of growth
13. What is recession?
14. What are the phases of business cycle?
15. Explain Transmission mechanism.
16. Explain Bank rate policy.
17. What is inflationary gap?
18. Explain Reflation.
19. What is adaptive expectation?
20. What is growth model?

(Weightage: 1x10)

PART C
carries 2 weightage

21. Explain modified Phillips curve.
22. Examine Schumpeters Innovation Theory.
23. What are the various types of income policies?
24. What are the measures to control business cycle?
25. Discuss compensatory fiscal policy for controlling cyclical fluctuation.
26. Explain Cost push and Demand pull Inflation Theories.
27. Explain Hawtreys monetary approach.

(Weightage: 2x5)

PART- D
weightage

28. What are the causes of inflation and explain anti inflationary measures.
29. Explain Harrod-Domar growth model.
30. Explain monetary policy and what its important objectives are?
31. State the basic propositions of the rational expectation hypothesis.

(Weightage: 4x2)

108

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS (Core Course)
SEMESTER IV



PART A
I 1. The theory of Comparative advantage was formulated by
a)David Ricardo b)Adam smith C)Heckscher d)Ohlin

2. The highest form of economic integration is so called
a)Economic union b)Europian union c)Common market d)trade agreement

3. GATT was transformed into W T O in
a)1955 b)1948 c)1996 D)1949

4. Financial asset and liabilities dominated in U S Dollar but traded in Europe is
a)Euro dollar b)U S Dollar c)Pound d )Sterling
(Weightage: 1).
II 5. The ceiling on the volume of import or export is
a)Quotas b)protection C)Tariff d)Sterling

6 Net barter terms of trade can be expressed as
a)N=Px/Pm b)N=Qm/Qx c) N=PxQx/M d)None
7 Devaluation will result in decrease in total export earnings if price elasticity of demand
for export is
a)less than unity b)greater than unity c)equal to one d)none

8The rate of exchange effective for the spot transaction is known as
a)Spot rate b) forward rate c) fixed rate d) flexible rate

(Weightage: 1).

109

PART B
9.Define devaluation.
10.What is forward exchange rate?
11.Optimum tariff
12.Mint price.
13.Protection
14. Customs union .
15.Arbitrage
16.Leontief paradox
17.factor endowments
18.Gross barter terms of trade.
19.Offer curve
20.Quotas
(Weightage: 1x10).

PART C
carries 2 weightage

21 Examine the factors influencing the foreign exchange
22 Critically examine purchasing power parity theory.
23 Explain partial equilibrium effect of tariff
24 Discuss the advantages of free trade policy
25 Explain foreign capital in India
26 What are the effect of dumping in international market
27 Explain Ricardian theory of comparative cost
(Weightage: 2x5).
PART- D
weightage

28 Define balance of payments. What are the major methods of correcting balance of
payments disequilibrium?
29 Give an account of Hecksher Ohlin theory
30 Critically examine the functions of W T O
31 Explain the merits and demerits of fixed exchange rates.
(Weightage: 4x2).

110

PART III ECONOMICS/DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
BASIC TOOLS FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS I
SEMESTER -V


PART A
Choose the correct Answer

I
1. is equal to:
a) 4 b) 2 c) 3 d) 16
2. Given the solution set of a quadratic equation as , the equation is:
a) ; b) ; c) ; d)
3. When , the cross product
a) , b) , c) , d)
4. Data arranged in chronological order is:
a. Cross section; b) time series; c) panel; d) pooled data
(Weightage. 1)
II
5. Gini Coefficient is a measure of
a) Income b) inequality c) poverty d) unemployment
6. The probability mass function represents a distribution of type:
a) Binomial; b) Poisson; c) Multinomial d) Geometric
7. Logarithm of to the base 2 is:
a) 4 b) 4 c) 2 d) 2
8. When the coefficient of kurtosis the distribution is:
a) Platykurtic b) Leptokurtic c) Mesokurtic d) Normal
(Weightage 1)

111

PART B
Short Answer questions: Answer any ten questions of the following not exceeding 50
words each. Each question carries 1 weightage
9. Define geometric series.
10. What is Lorenz curve?
11. Define market equilibrium
12. What is an irrational number?
13. Distinguish between relation and function.
14. Distinguish between population and sample
15. When the 50
th
percentile of a distribution is 25 find the 2
nd
quartile.
16. What does skewness of a distribution measure?
17. Define conditional probability
18. What is binary relation?
19. Define variance of a distribution
20. What is the difference between a polygon and a frequency curve?
(Weightage 1)
PART C
carries 2 weightage
21. Simplify Find the sum of first 100 digits of the series 1, 2, 3,
4Given the demand and supply equations of a single commodity
respectively as: ; , where p is the unit price, find the
equilibrium price and quantity.Given the sets , find ,
and

22. Find the sum of first 100 digits of the series 1, 2, 3, 4
23. Given the demand and supply equations of a single commodity respectively
as: p 3 20 D = ; p 2 10 S + = , where p is the unit price, find the equilibrium price and
quantity.
24. Given the sets } e , d , c , b , a { A = , } , 4 , 3 , 2 { B = find B A , B A and
( ) ( ) B A B A
25. Represent the diagram of the function for Explain the
characteristics of standard deviation Define coefficient of variation. What does it measure?
Find it for the following data set 20, 25, 21, 24, 26, 26, 28
26. Explain the characteristics of standard deviation
27. Define coefficient of variation. What does it measure? Find it for the following data set
20, 25, 21, 24, 26, 26, 28

(Weightage 2)

112

PART- D
weightage

28. What are the advantages of diagrammatic representation of data? Represent the
following balance of payment data relating to five countries by a suitable diagram
Country A B C D E
Balance of Payment
(Rs. million) 612 524 825 987 475
29. Three commodities are related by their prices in a market by a set of demand-supply
equations as given below:

Find the equilibrium price.

30. The national income data of an economy for 9 consecutive years is given under:
Year: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Income 21 25 28 29 31 35 38 34 37
(in million Rupees)
Compute and interpret the compound growth rate of income.
31. Explain the different measures variation. Which is the most stable measure of dispersion?
(Weightage 4x2)

113

BASIC TOOLS FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS II
SEMESTER-VI

PART A
I
1. Matrix is said to be idempotent if :
a) b) c)
d)
2. A singular matrix is one whose determinant is:
a) Zero b)greater than zero c) less than zero d) One
3. Derivative of is:
a) b) c) d)

4. A continuous function has a maximum point if and only if the second derivative is;Data
arranged in chronological order is:
a)zero b) positive c) negative
d) one
(Weightage. 1)
II
5. The Pearsons correlation coefficient is:
a) more than one b)less than one c) between zero and one d) more
than zero
6. Given the consumption function where C and Y are aggregate
consumption and aggregate income respectively, the marginal propensity to save is:
a) 0.25 b) 0.75 c) 200
d) 200
7. When data are arranged in chronological order it is called:
a) Cross-section b) time series c) pooled d) panel
8. Which of the following index number is an ideal index number?
a) Marshall-Edgeworth b)Laspeyers c) Paasches
d)Fishers
(Weightage 1)

114

PART B
9. Define a square matrix.
10. What do you mean by continuity of a function?
11. Explain the concept of convex function
12. Distinguish between homogenous and non-homogeneous function
13. What does coefficient of determination indicate?
14. When regression coefficients of a bivariate data set are 0.56 and 0.35 what is the
correlation coefficient?
15. What is the additive model of a time series data?
16. What are the uses of consumer price index?
17. Find the slope of the demand curve .What does it indicate?Show that
matrix addition is commutative. Given the cost function find the average and
marginal cost functions. Define minimum value of a function.

(Weightage 1)
PART C
carries 2 weightage

21. Find ABwhen
(
=
2 0 4
0 1 3
A and
(
(
(
=
2 4
0 1
1 0
B
22.Evaluate
|
|
\
|
9 x
27 x
Lt
2
3
3 x

23. Find the derivative of
2
x
xe y =
24.Examine the extreme value of the function 9 x 4 x 2 y
2
+ + = .
25.Show that the function

=
1
y Ax Q is linear homogeneous
26.
27.Given the demand and supply equations of a single commodity respectively
as: p 3 20 D = ; p 2 10 S + = , where p is the unit price, find the equilibrium price and
quantity.

(Weightage 2)

115

PART- D
weightage

28. A firm has the following total cost and demand functions:
and
Find the profit maximum output and the level of maximum profit.
29. Three commodities are related by their prices in a market by a set of demand-supply
equations as given below:

Solve the equations using Cramers rule to find the market-clearing price.

30. The data set relating to aggregate saving and level of income are given below:
Saving: 11 13 13 13 15 16 17 14 19

Income 21 25 28 29 31 35 38 34 37
(in million Rupees)
Estimate the saving function using OLS method and interpret the result.
31. Explain the methods of constructing consumer price index in India.
(Weightage 4x2)

116

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
ECONOMICS OF FINANCIAL MARKET( Core Course)
SEMESTER-V



PART A

I. Answer the following objective type questions (group weightage is 1)
1) An example for guilt edged security is
(Treasury bill, Bank deposit, Cheque, Demand draft )
2) Pick out the odd man out
(Bank rate, Cash reserve ratio, Moral suasion, Statutory liquidity ratio)
3) 364 days treasury bills are introduced in India in
( 1992, 1997, 1982,1986 )
4) Which is considered as a medium for community saving
( Current deposits, Fixed deposits, Post office saving deposits,
None of these)
(Weightage 1)
II 5) The price in financial markets is known as
a)rate of interest b)bank rate c)commission d)none of these
6) RBI was set up in the year
a)1947 b)1935 c)1951 d)1952
7) The secondary securities are financial claims issued by
a)financial institutions b)R B I c)stock exchange d)public
8) The treasury bills market deals in the bills issued by
(Business houses, Government, Firms, Private individuals)

(Weightage 1)

117

PART B

9) What do you mean by call money market
10) Comment on the statement household sector is the major saving
sector in India
11) What are the dangers of currency convertibility
12) Distinguish between primary market and secondary market
13) What are the SEBI guidelines for right issues
14) Discuss the features of Venture capital
15) Write a note on listing of securities
16) What do you mean by stock market indexes
17) What is debenture?
18) Differentiate the Exercise date and Expiry date of an option
19) Write a note on foreign exchange regulation act
20) What are the different types of exchange rates used in India

(Weightage 1x10)
PART C
Short Essay: Answer any five questions not exceeding 150 words each. Each question carries
2 weightage
IV. Answer any Five questions ( Each carries 2 Weightage)
19) Differentiate the concepts real sector and financial sector
20) Compare Euro bond and Euro Currency
21) Explain the components of Indian Money market
22) Explain the concept security grouping
23) What are the important functions of financial system
24) What do you mean by discounting a bill of exchange
25) What are the major institutions functioning in money market as lenders
(Weightage 2x5)
PART- D
weightage
V. Answer any two ( Each carries 4 weightage)
28) How does financial development influence the Economic
development
29) Explain the functioning of stock markets in India
30) Explain the various instruments commonly used in Capital market
31) Explain the features and defects of Indian money market
(Weightage 4x2)

118

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
MODERN BANKING (Core Course)
SEMESTER V

TIME: 3 hours TOTAL WEIGHTAGE: 30


PART A

I Choose the correct Answer

1. A bank deposit is ____________ to a banker
A) Debt B) Credit C) Asset D) None of these
2 .Crossing of a cheque gives _________ to the holder
(A) income (B) safety (C) risk (D) liquidity
3. The period for Call Money is ________
(A) 10 to 15days (B) 1 to15(C) 15 to 30 Days (D) One Month
4. Who regulates the money circulation in India?
(A) State Bank of India (B)Reserve Bank of India (C)NABARD
(D) Commercial Banks
(Weightage 1)
II 5. Which of the following is not an organized sector in India?
(A) Nationalized Banks (B) Regional Rural Banks
(C) Cooperative Banks (D) Chits and Money lenders
6. Who will settle the grievances of customers of banks?
(A) Reserve Bank of India (B) State Bank of India
(C) Local Courts (D) Ombuds Men
7. Who introduced the Banking Ombudsmen Scheme?
(A) RBI (B) SBI
(C) Ministry of Finance (D) NABARD
8. When was OMBUDS MEN SCHEME first introduced?
(A) November 2006 (B) October 1981
(C) June 1995 (D) January 1998

(Weightage 1)

119

PART B

9. What are the risks in advances against document of title to goods?
10. What is opening of crossing?
11. What is a promissory note?
12. Give two arguments for bank nationalization
13. What is hypothecation?
14. What are the objectives of Deposit Insurance Corporation?
15. What is plastic money?
16. What is core banking?
17 What is sub prime lending?
18. Give two features that distinguish a bank from a NBFC
19. What is a pass book?
20. What do you mean by a collecting banker?

(Weightage 1x10)

PART C
2 weightage

21. What are the functions of a modern commercial bank?
22. Explain the general relationship between a banker and a customer
23. What is a holder in due course? What are his/her rights and privileges?
24. What are selective credit controls?
25. Explain the basic principles of bank asset management.
26. Explain the recent trends in commercial banking in India.
27. What is Lead Bank Scheme?
(Weightage 2x5)

PART- D
weightage

28. Explain the relation between financial intermediation & economic development.
29. Illustrate the process of multiple expansion of bank deposits.
30. Explain the features of Indian money market along with the recent trends.
31. Explains the functions of a Central bank.

(Weightage 4x2)

120

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
ECONOMICS MAIN
DEVELOPMENT ISSUES OF INDIAN ECONOMY I(Core Course)
SEMESTER V



PART A


1. In India the concept of poverty is related to
a) Minimum per-capita per month consumption expenditure for existence
b) Calorie consumption per-capita per day
c) Minimum standard of living
d) Nobody is employed in a family

2. Who introduced the Drain theory?
a) Kautilya b) Jawaharlal Nehru c) Dadabhai Navaroji d) Gandhiji

3. Name the Indian economist who got Nobel Prize in Economics
a) Dr.V.K.R.V.Rao b) Brahmananada c) Mahalanobis d) Amartyasen

4. The population of India as per 2001 census
a) 200 crores b) 84 crores c) 102.7 crores d) 110 crores
(Weightage: 1).
II. 5. As per 2001 census the density of population in the country was .
a) 267 b) 324 c) 819 d) 904

6. An important defect in agricultural marketing in India is..
a) Long chain of middlemen b) Land reforms
c) Mechanization d) Dependence on monsoons

7. .is the author of Planning and the Poor
a) D.R.Gadgil b) Dandekar c) Montek Singh Ahluwalia d) B.S.Minhas

8. ..is the programme associated with Green Revolution in India
a) IRDP b) NREGA c) JRY d) HYVP
(Weightage: 1)

121

PART B

III.9. Define Human Development Index.
10. What do you mean by Economic Drain?
11. Define PQLI
12. What is Poverty line?
13. What do you mean by Work participation rate?
14. Define Economic planning
15. Define the term Green Revolution
16. What do you mean by Regulated Market?
17. What are the different stages of Demographic Transition?
18. Define Disguised unemployment
19. Define the term Density of population
20. What do you mean by Mahalanobis strategy?

(Weightage: 1x10)

PART C
2 weightage

21. Give a brief account of the impact of British rule on the Indian Economy
22. Explain the main features of population census 2001
23. What are the main objectives of Indian planning?
24. What are the causes for inequality in India?
25. What are the sources of Black money in India?
26. Explain the post Green Revolution Scenario of Indian Agriculture.
27. Give an account of the present public distribution system in India.

(Weightage: 2x5)
PART- D
weightage

28. Explain the impact of WTO and Liberalization policies in Indian Agriculture
29. Critically evaluate the planning process of India.
30. Explain the important poverty eradication programmes with emphasis on NREGA
& Bharat Nirman.
31. Explain the effects of population growth and population policy of the Govt.of India.

(Weightage: 4x2)

122

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
ECONOMICS MAIN
DEVELOPMENT ISSUES OF INDIAN ECONOMY II (Core Course)
SEMESTER VI



PART A


1. The main objection against the Industrial Policy resolution of 1991
a) Govt. Control b) Complete departure from Nehruvian model
c) Bureaucratization d) Neglect of private sector

2. Indias largest single item of import
a) Fertilizers b) Food grains c) Petroleum products d) Iron & Steel

3. The state with highest human development index
a) Kerala b) Goa c) Punjab d) Tamil Nadu

4. Which state has the highest literacy rate in India?
a) Jammu & Kashmir b) West Bengal c) Kerala d) Karnataka
(Weightage: 1).
II. 5. .is the important traditional industry of Kerala
a) Iron & steel b) Cotton textile c) Sugar industry d) Handloom

6. unemployment is the major form of unemployment in Kerala
a) Educated b) Disguised c) Technological d) Cyclical

7. .is the biggest public sector undertaking of India
a) Post & Telegraph b) Railways c) Shipping d) Water supply

8. The New Economic Policy was initiated in the year .
a) 2001 b) 1985 c) 1990 d) 1991

(Weightage: 1)

123

PART B

9. Define infrastructure.
10. Define the term Liberalization.
11. List out two important features of the Industrial Policy of 1991.
12. What do you mean by Foreign Direct Investment?
13. What do you mean by balance of payments?
14. Define terms of trade.
15. Explain Keralas demographic transition.
16. State the main problems of Keralas Coir industry
17. What is peoples plan..
18. What do you mean by Self help groups?
19. Define Tertiary sector.
20. Give a brief account of cropping pattern in Kerala.

(Weightage: 1x10)

PART C
2 weightage

21. Explain the role of Cottage and Small scale industries.
22. Comment on the impact of WTOs policies in the industrial sector of India.
23. Point out the major gender issues existing in Kerala.
24. Examine the structure of BOP behavior in India.
25. Explain the current issues related to Keralas agricultural situation.
26. What are the main causes for energy crisis in Kerala?
27. Give an account of the impact of Gulf money on Kerala economy.

(Weightage: 2x5)

PART- D
weightage

28. Critically examine the Industrial Policy of 1991.
29. Examine the development issues of Kerala.
30. What are the major measures of Land Reforms in Kerala? Explain its impact?
31. What are the main features of Indias foreign trade? Explain the current Export and
Import policies.

(Weightage: 4x2)

124

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS MAIN
ECONOMICS OF DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING I (Core Course)
SEMESTER V



PART A


1. Poverty is defined as entitlement failure by :
a) Lewis b) R.Nurkse c) Amartya Sen d) M.D.Morris
2. The concept of vicious circle of poverty was developed by :
a) A.K.Sen b) R.Nurkse c) A.Lewis d) G.Myrdal
3. With economic growth the share of Primary sector usually :
a) Increases b) Remains constant c) Declines d) Uncertain
4. According to W.W.Rostow the stages of economic growth are :
a) 2 b) 3
c) 5 d) 7
(Weightage 1)
II . 5. In demographic transition theory population explosion is the feature of
Stage .a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth
6. Mahabub Ul Haq is associated with the development of
a. G.E.M b. H.D.I c. I.B.R.D d. PQLI
7. Un balanced growth theory was propounded by ..
a. R.Nurkse b. A.K.Sen c. A.Hirschman d. Lebenstein
8. authored the bookSmall is beautiful narrating the virtues of
intermediate technology .
a. G.Myrdal b. E.F.Schumacher c. Mrs Joan Robinson d. Kaldor

(Weightage 1)
PART B
Short Answer questions: Answer any ten questions of the following not exceeding 50 works

9. Explain H.D.I
10. What is Intermediate technology ?
11. Define dualism.
12. What is demonstration effect ?
13. What do you mean by development gap ?
125

14. What is disguised unemployment ?
15. Explain dualism?
16. Define Capital output ratio
17. What is stationary state ?
18. Explain any three non economic determinants of development .
19. What is surplus value ?
20. Explain demographic transition theory

(Weightage 1x10 )

PART C
2 weightage

21. Explain the big push theory .
22. Distinguish between growth and development .
23. Explain the concept of vicious circle of poverty .How can we break it ?
24. What are advantages of Foreign direct investment ?
25. Explain the role of external factors in economic development .
26. Explain advantages and disadvantages of Inward looking policy
27. Discuss Leibensteins Critical Minimum Effort Thesis .

(Weightage 2x5 )

PART- D
weightage

28.Critically examine the theory of Unbalanced Growth.
29. Discuss the role of foreign capital in economic development
30. Explain the major developments in the measurement of economic development with
special emphasis on H.D.I
31. Discuss Lewis theory of Economic development with unlimited supplies of
labour.

(Weightage 4x2 )

126

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS MAIN
ECONOMICS OF DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING II (Core Course)
SEMESTER VI
PART A
1. Shadow prices are also known as
a) fair prices b) subsidized prices c) accounting prices d) support prices
2. A.E Kahn and Chenery developed
a) ICOR criterion b) S.M.P c) M.R.Q d) M.G.C
3. In India Janatha Government introduced a special type of economic planning known as
a) Five year plan b) Perspective plan c) Rolling plan d) Peoples plan
4. Period of 10
th
Five year plan
a) 2002-2007 b) 2002-2006 c) 2007-2011 d)2008-20012
(Weightage 1)
II . 5. .prepared second five year plan model
a) A.K.Sen b) K.N.Raj c) P.C Mahalanobis d) Asok Rudra
6. Galenson and Leibenstein developed the . criterion
a) S.M.P b) M.R.Q c) M.G.C d) I.C.O.R
7. During Five year plan poverty alleviation was given priority for the
first time . a) first b) third c) fourth d) fifth
8. According to Mahalanobis committee Report ,the gap between rich and poor have ..
a. Reduced b. Widened c. Stationary d. Narrowed
(Weightage 1)
PART B

9. Explain Poverty line.
10. Define investment criteria?
11. What is TRYSEM?
12. Explain Disguised unemployment ?
13. Give any three reasons for the growing unemployment in India ?
14. What is indicative planning ?
15. Explain shadow prices ?
16. Define Capital output ratio criterion
17. What is population explosion ?
18. Define economic planning .
19. Explain labour saving technology .
20. Explain the rolling plan
(Weightage 1x10 )
127

PART C
2 weightage

21. Critically explain the Marginal Reinvestment Quotient criterion .
22. Distinguish between Physical and Financial planning.
23. Explain Economic controls
24. What are the advantages of Democratic planning?
25. Explain the concept of perspective planning .
26. Explain advantages and disadvantages of capital intensive technology
27. What is sustainable development ?

(Weightage 2x5 )

PART- D
weightage

28.Evaluate the role of five year plans in Indias economic development.
29. Discuss merits and demerits of popular types economic plans
30. Discuss the major types of investment criteria
31. What is Cost-Benefit analysis ? explain its role in economic planning .

(Weightage 4x2 )

128

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS (Core Course)
SEMESTER V


PART A

I 1. Environmental Economics is defined as
A) Inter-relationship between environment and economic development.
B) Study the impact of inter-relation between men and nature.
C) Study of the economic growth of nations without causing environmental damages.
D) all of the above points.

2. The word ecology and economics stem from the Greek root Oikos means
A) household B) Habitation
C) Public D) Taxes

3. A public good means
A) non-rival B) Non-excludable
C) Rival and excludable D) Non-rival and non-excludable

4. Tragedy of commons is developed by
A) Garret Hardin B) Marshall
C) Keynes D) Amartya Sen
(Weightage 1)
II.5. Anthropogenic pollutants are the result of
A) Human activity B) Animal activity
C) Energy generation D) Solid wastes

6. Ozone is
A) O
3
B) NO
3

C) SO
3
D) CO

7. Water accounts of ______% of the weight of human beings
A) 70% B) 50%
C) 5% D) 20%

8. Water is considered as polluted, if the level of dissolved oxygen is
A) Below 4 6 ppm B) Above 6 ppm
C) Between 10 15 ppm D) None of the above
(Weightage 1)
129

PART B
Short Answer questions: Answer any ten questions of the following not exceeding 50 words each.
Each question carries 1 weightage

9. Ecosystem
10. Biotic components
11. Classification of natural resources
12. Marginal social cost
13. Plastic pollution
14. Property rights
15. Pigouvian fees
16. Poverty and environment
17. Solid wastes
18. Environmental subsidies
19. Tragedy of commons
20. BOD
(Weightage 1x10)

PART C
Short Essay: Answer any five questions not exceeding 150 words each. Each question carries 2
weightage

21. Difference between environmental economics and resource economics
22. Environment and ethics
23. The growth function of replenishable resources
24. Meaning of environmental externality
25. Sustainable development
26. Economic tools of pollution abatement
27. Air pollution
(Weightage 2x5)
PART- D
Long essay Answer any two questions not exceeding 450 words. Each question carries 4 weightage

28. Explain the origin and causes of environmental damages
29. Explain the classical, neoclassical and contemporary views on natural resources and environment.
30. Examine sustainable development as a tool of environmental management;
31. How external costs of environmental damages can be internalised
(Weightage4x2)

130

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
INFORMATICS FOR ECONOMICS (Core Course)
SEMESTER-VI



PART A

1. Who is considered as the father of modern digital computers?
(A) Adam Smith (B) Alfred Marshall
(C) Charles Babbage (D) Bill Gates
2. The Control Unit of a computer:
(A)Performs logical operations (B) An input device
(C) Directs the other units of the computer (D) All the above
3. Which of the following is a spread sheet?
(A) MS-Excel (B) MS-Word
(C) MS-PowerPoint (D) None of the above
4. Which is the technology used in the evaluation of aptitude tests?
(A)OCR (B) OMR
(C) MMS (D) MICR
II. 5. A group of 8 bits is called:
(A) Bit (B) Byte (C) Word (D) Base
6. The Worlds largest computer network.
(A) Intranet (B) Extranet (C) LAN (D) Internet
7. LAN stands for:
(A) Large Area Network (B) Local Area Network (C) Long Area Network
(D) Lab Area Network
8. The memory unit that holds instructions for starting up the computer is :
(A)RAM (B) ROM (C) DVD (D) Hard Disk

(Weightage 1)

131

PART B
Short Answer questions: Answer any Six questions of the following not exceeding 50 words
9. Define the term byte. What is the difference between a bit and a byte?
10. What is cache memory?
11. Give the full forms of:
i) FTP ii) URL iii) OCR iv) HTML
12. Explain the difference between downloading and uploading
of information.
13. What is a file?
14. What is a spreadsheet package?
15. Distinguish between hardware and software.
16. Distinguish between application software and system software.
(Weightage 1x6)

Part-C
Short Essay: Answer any five questions not exceeding 150 words each. Each question carries 2
weightage

17. Differentiate between RAM and ROM.
18. Describe the benefits of e-commerce.
19. What is secondary storage? How does it differ from primary storage ?
20. What do you mean by cyber laws? Discuss the major provisions of the
Information Technology Act relating to Information Security?
21. What is an input device? Name some of the commonly used input devices.
22. What is Internet? Briefly discuss the various benefits offered by it.
(Weightage 2x4)
Part-D
Long essay Answer any two questions not exceeding 450 words. Each question carries 4 weightage

23. What is an operating system? What are the functions of an
operating system?
24. What is a word processing package? List out some of the key
features supported by modern word processing packages.
(Weightage 4xI)

132

Practical Examination (External)
Time:1 Hour Total Weightage:10

1. One practical work from MS Word/Open office (10 minutes)
Weightage-2
2. One practical work from MS-Excel /SPSS(Generating Charts and
Graphs) (10 minutes)
Weightage-2
3. One practical work from MS-Excel/SPSS (Descriptive
statistics/correlation/regression )(10 miutes)
Weightage-2
4. Seminar presentation with power point slides (30 minutes)
Weightage-4

Model Questions-Practical
Time:1 Hour Total Weightage:10

1. Create a mail merge using MS-Word (10 minutes)
Weightage-2
2. Generate a Histogram in MS-Excel /SPSS(10 minutes)
Weightage-2
3. Generate Descriptive Statistics using MS-Excel/SPSS package for
the data given (10 minutes)
Weightage-2
4. Present a seminar using Power Point slides(30minutess)

133

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
PUBLIC FINANCE (Core Course)
SEMESTER VI



PART A

I 1.Non rivalry is seen in the case of
a) Public goods b) private goods
c) Merit goods d) Mixed goods
2. Zero base budgeting was first used in
a) America b) Germany
c) India d) England
3. Entertainment Tax is imposed by
a) Union Govt b) State Govt
c) Local Govt d) Excise officer
4. Expenditure tax of India was recommended by
a) Keynes b) Nicholas Kaldor
c) J.B.say d) Adam Smith
(Weightage 1)

II 5.___________ is a statutory organization
a) Planning commission b) Finance commission
c) Agricultural price commission d) Planning board
6. Formation of a ________________ is the actual method of debt redemption
a) Capital levy b) Repudiation
c) Sinking fund d) Conversion
7. The chairman of 12
th
finance commission is
a) A.M. Khusru b) Bimal Jalan
c) Yaswant Singh d) Rangarajan
8. Elastic the demand for a commodity, the tax burden will be on the __________
a) Buyers b) Sellers
c) Both buyers and sellers d) None of the above

(Weightage 1)

134

PART B

9. What is deficit financing
10. What is zero base budgeting
11. State benefit theory of Taxation
12. Explain Laffer curve
13. Explain contra cyclical fiscal policy
14. What is externalities
15. Distinguish excise duty and customs duties
16. Explain the working of built in stabilisers
17. State Wagners hypothesis
18. Explain Taxable capacity
19. Explain the double taxation
20. What is Tax capitalization
(Weightage 1x10)
PART C
2 weightage
21. Compare allocative aspect of direct and Indirect tax
22. What are the function of finance commission in India
23. State the role of fiscal policy in developing economies
24. Explain the feature of Indian tax structure
25. Explain the method of debt redemption
26. What are the sources of non tax revenue of the Govt
27. Explain VAT
(Weightage 2x5)
PART- D
weightage
28. State the principle of federal finance. Examine the centre state financial relation
in India
29. Explain Musgraves Theory of Incidence
30. Explain the nature and impact of public debt in India
31. Explain the role of budget as an instrument of economic policy
(Weightage 4x2)

135

Complementary Course
MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS I
PART A
I
1. Utility function (with no constraint) is maximised when the first order derivative of the
utility function is:
(a) Zero (b) Positive(c) Negative (d) Either positive or negative
2. Marginal rate of substitution is the ratio of:
(a) price to income(b) income to price(c) marginal utility to price(d) marginal utilities
3. The function , where is fixed output, K and L are variable inputs,
represents:
(a) isocline (b) isoprofit curve (c) isoquant (d) engineering curve
4. The slope of the cost constraint is the ratio of:
(a) quantities (b) product prices (c) costs. (d) input prices
II
5. When the marginal and average product of labour at a point are respectively APL = 2.5;
MPL= 0.5. The output is -------------- with respect to labour.
(a) elastic (b) perfectly elastic (c) inelastic (d) perfectly
inelastic
136

6. When the area below the demand curve is 20 square units and the area of the rectangle
representing consumers expenditure is 10 square units, consumers surplus in square units
is:
(a) 2 (b) 200 (c) 10 (d) 30
7. The demand curve faced by a monopolist is . The slope of the Marginal
revenue curve is: In simplex method the variables subtracted from the inequality
constraints to convert it into equality are:
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 4
8. Given the cost function the elasticity of cost function with respect to output is:
(a) 10 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 1/5

(Weightage 1)
PART B

9. Define own price elasticity of demand. Obtain the own price elasticity from the demand
curve m 10The indifference
curve is defined by . Obtain the marginal rate of substitution of x for y11.State the
Slutsky equation given the utility function and the budget
constraint 12.Find the average and marginal products of inputs given the
production function where and are variable inputs.13Define marginal
rate of technical substitution. How is it related to marginal products14Explain the relation
ship among price elasticity of demand with marginal revenue and average revenue?15Find
the equilibrium price from the demand and supply
equations.Given the linear expenditure system , interpret the
each of the components. Where Pi, the price of i
th
group of good, Xi and M, income.Show
that slope of isoquant is negative.The total cost function is . Obtain the
average cost, average fixed cost and marginal cost.Explain the types of discriminating
monopoly.How would you measure the degree of monopoly power using price elasticity?

(Weightage 1)
137

PART C
carries 2 weightage
21. Define own price and cross price elasticity of demand. Obtain the two elasticity
coefficients from the demand function. Interpret the result.
.Show that the demand curve is
homogeneous of degree zero when From utility function and the
budget constraint
express the conditions for equilibrium.
24. Obtain the output elasticity of labour and capital from the production function,
where L is labour and K, capital inputs respectively.Explain how a homogeneous
production function is used to know the returns to scale. Specify and explain the CES
production function.Explain mathematically the price output determination under
monopoly.
(Weightage 2)
PART- D
Long essay Answer any two questions not exceeding 450 words. Each question
carries 4 weightage
28. Derive Slutsky equation. Interpret the result.
29. Derive the input demand functions given the production function
and the cost constraint .
30. Given the average cost and demand function, obtain the
profit function and the optimal level of output that maximises profit. What is the level of
output that minimises average cost? How the price and output are determined by a firm
and industry under perfect competition?
(Weightage 4)

138

Complementary Course
MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS II
TIME: 3 hours TOTAL WEIGHTAGE: 30
PART A
I
1. Who among the following first developed the simplex method and solved Linear
programming problem:
(a) L. V. Kantrovitch (b) G. B. Dantzig (c) T. C. Koopmans (d) Von
Nuwmann
2. In simplex step-by-step method, the variable with which we start is called:
(a) positive variable (b) basic variable (c) slack variable (d)
surplus variable.
3. The structural coefficients in input output matrix are assumed to be:
(a) either constant or variable (b) constant (c) varying(d) neither constant nor
variable
4. Hawkins-Simons condition for viability states that economy does not generate a surplus
when all the principal minors of I A, where A is the structural coefficient matrix, are:
(a) one (b) positive (c) negative (d) zero

139

II
5. Which of the following is not an assumption of linear programming?
(a) linearity (b) finite number of constraints (c) divisibility (d) flexible prices
6. Input output analysis is based on
(a) general equilibrium (b) partial equilibrium (c) disequilibrium (d) stable equilibrium
7. The term dominant strategy is associated with
(a) linear programming (b) Integer programming (c) input output analysis (d) game theory
8. When the payoff of one player is equal to the losses of the other, the game is called
(a) zero-sum game (b) non-zero sum game (c) saddle point (d)
mixed strategy game

(Weightage 1)
PART B
9. Define linear programming
10. Explain the concept of linearity.
11. What is the significance of non-negativity constraints in linear programming?
12. Distinguish between slack and surplus variable in the context of linear programme.
13. What is a Leontief matrix?
14. Explain static input output model.
15. Point out one limitation of input output technique.
16. Explain structural coefficient matrix.
17. Explain pay-off matrix.
18. What do you mean by mixed strategy?
19. What is sequential game?
20. What is Nash equilibrium?

(Weightage 1)

140

PART C
carries 2 weightage
21. What are the components of a typical linear programme?
22. Explain the relationship between primal and dual in linear programme.
23. Briefly explain simplex method of solving a linear programming problem.
24. Find the gross output level when the technological coefficient matrix given
A = and the final demand vector D = .
25. Explain technological viability. Is the model given by the structural coefficient matrix A
= viable?Examine the assumptions of input-output analysis.Explain Prisoners
Dilemma. (Weightage 2)
PART- D
Long essay Answer any two questions not exceeding 450 words. Each question
carries 4 weightage
28. A simple model of 3-sector economy is given in the following table.
Sales/
purchase
AgricultureIndustryServicesFinal
Demand
Total
Output
Agriculture 25 40 35 30 130
Industry 15 35 10 40 100
Services 20 25 45 0 90
Obtain the structural coefficient matrix. Find the level of output to be delivered by each
sector if the final demand from agriculture changes to 45
29. Formulate the dual of the following linear programme consisting of 3 activities and 5
constraints. Interpret the coefficients of the dual programme.
30. Explain the application of Input output system.
31. Explain dominant strategy and Nash equilibria. Are dominant strategy equilibria always
Nash equilibria?

141

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
FOR NON ECONOMICS FACULTY
INTRODUCTORY ECONOMICS I(Complementary Course)


PART A

I. Choose the Correct answer.
1. Scarcity definition in economics is associated with
(A) Keynes (B) Samuelson (C) Adam Smith (D) Lionel Robbins

2. With an increase in the consumers income, the demand for the commodity will
(A) Increase (B) Decrease (C) Remain the Same (D) None of these

3. Which one of the following laws constitutes the basis of Ricardos theory of rent?
(A) Law of Constant returns (B) Law of increasing returns (C) Law of variable
proportions (D) Law of Diminishing returns

4. Of the following factors which is the gift of nature.
(A) Capital (B) Land (C) Labor (D) Organization
(Weightage 1)
II. 5. The theory of Consumers Surplus is developed by ____________
(A)Alfred Marshall (B) Adam Smith (C) Pigou (D) J.M. Keynes.
6. When total amount spent increases with a rise in price it is called _____________
a. Unity elasticity (B) perfectly elastic (C) Less than unity (D) perfectly
inelastic
7. Quasi rent means the ____________
a. Earning received from all factors of production (B) Earnings received in the
short run (C) Earnings received for machines only (D) Earnings received in
the long run
8. Production possibility frontier is ____________ to the origin
a. Convex (B) Concave (C) Vertical (D) Horizontal
Weightage 1
142

PART B

9. What is meant by deductive method?
10. Explain scarcity and choice.
11. Define production possibility curve.
12. Define Consumer surplus.
13. Distinguish between Total utility and Marginal Utility.
14. Define opportunity cost.
15. What is capital formation?
16. What is equilibrium?
17. Define production function.
18. Distinguish between personal and functional distribution.
19. Define quasi rent.
20. Distinguish between normal and supernormal profit.
(Weightage 1x10)

PART C
2 weightage

21. What are the central problems of an economy?
22. Explain the different types of price elasticity of demand
23. Explain the law of Diminishing returns.
24. What are the features of perfect competition?
25. Explain law of Supply.
26. Examine wage Fund theory.
27. Explain Returns to Scale.
(Weightage 2x5)

PART- D
weightage 28.Explain the law of
Diminishing Marginal Utility.
29.Explain the law of demand. What are its exceptions?
30.Explain how price and output is determined under Monopolistic Competition.
31.Critically examine the Liquidity preference theory of interest.
(Weightage 4x2)

143

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
FOR NON ECONOMICS FACULTY
INTRODUCTORY ECONOMICS II(Complementary Course)


PART A
I. Choose the Correct answer.
1. The first estimate on National income for India was prepared by
(A) V.K.R.V. Rao (B) Prof. P.C. Mahalanobis
(C)National Income Committee (D) Dadabhai Navaroji.
2. Which is an example of qualitative credit control policy
(A) Direct action (B) Bank Rate
(C) CRR (D) Open market operations
3. Which is the compulsory payment without any direct benefit
(A) Special assessment (B) Fine
(C) Tax (D) Fee
4.. ________________ is National income divided by population
(A) GNP (B) NNP
(C) Personal income (D) Per-capita income
(Weightage 1)
II. 5.An official reduction in the value of home currency in terms of foreign currency is knows as
(A)Devaluation (B) Revaluation
(C) Depreciation (D) Appreciation
6. The term quid-pro-quo means
(A) Consumer surplus (B) Simultaneous
(C) Direct return (D) Voluntary payment
7. According to planning Commission, poverty line in the rural area is defined in terms of a
minimum per-capita calorie in take of
(A) 2400 (B) 2100
(C) 2200 (D) 2500
144

8. Disposable income means
(A) Personal Income-Direct Taxes (B) Personal Income-Indirect Taxes
(C) GNP-NNP (D) GNP-Net factor income form abroad

(Weightage 1)

PART B

9. Distinguish between GNP and NNP
10. Define money
11. Define Bank rate
12. What is meant by statutory Liquidity ratio?
13. Define a tax
14. What is meant by Sinking Fund?
15. Define deficit financing
16. What is meant by balance of trade
17. Define international trade
18. What is poverty line?
19. What are the causes for inequality in India?
20. Define disguised unemployment.
(Weightage 1x10)

PART C
2 weightage

21. What are the functions of money?
22. Explain the functions of commercial banks.
23. What are the important sources of public revenue?
24. Explain the causes for the growth of public expenditure.
25. Explain the measures to correct the disequilibrium in the balance of payments.
26. What are the causes of unemployment in India?
27. Mention the causes for the growth of black money in India.
(Weightage 2x5)

145

PART- D
weightage

28.What are the different methods used for the computation of national income
29.Explain the quantitative and qualitative methods used by the central bank for credit
control.
30.Explain purposes for public debt and different methods of debt redemption.
31.What are the causes of poverty in India? Explain important poverty eradication
programs implemented in India.
(Weightage 4x2)

146

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
FOR ECONOMICS AND NON ECONOMICS FACULTY
HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT-I(Complementary Course)



PART A


1. The method followed by the Hebrews to prevent the concentration of wealth in the
form of landed property.
a) Jubilee year b) The Sabath c) Seventh year d) All the above

2. Trusteeship theory is associated with name of
a) Ranade b) Sismondi c) Gandhiji d) Saint Simon

3. The chief representative of Physiocratic School
a) Thomas Mun b) Antonio Serra c) Von Hornick d) Francis Quesnay

4. The Theory of Leisure Class is the contribution of
a) Veblen b) Gossen c) Marx d) Mitchel
(Weightage: 1).
II 5. Utopian Socialism is associated with
a) Robert Owen b) Marx c) Harold Laski d) Sidney Webb

6. Father of Indian Nationalism
a) Gandhiji b) Dadabhai Navaroji c) Ranade d) Gokhale

7. In Germany, mercantilism is known as
a) Bullionism b) Kameralism c) Imperialism d) Colbertism

8. Bohn-Bawerk is the grand architect of
a) Capital Theory b) Demand Theory c) Game Theory d) Quantity Theory

(Weightage: 1)

147

PART B

9. Scientific Socialism.
10. Keynesian Revolution.
11. Says Law of Markets.
12. What is mercantilism?
13. Explain the theory of market glut.
14. What is just price?
15. Explain Lists view on protection.
16. Give a brief account of neo-classical school.
17. Explain the ideas of historical critics of classicism.
18. Give an account of Benthams hedonist psychology.
19. Trace out Smiths idea of naturalism and optimism.
20. Explain Gosssens Second Law related to consumption.

(Weightage: 1x10)

PART C
2 weightage

21. Discuss Navarojis contribution to modern Indian economic thought.
22. What are the main ideas in Kautilyas Arthasastra?
23. Give a brief account of Physiocracy.
24. Explain the contributions of Institutional School.
25. Explain Smiths view on economic growth.
26. Analyze the theory of general equilibrium of Leon Walras.
27. Examine Keynes departure from Classicism.

(Weightage: 2x5)

PART- D
weightage

28. Explain the features and contributions of ancient economic thought.
29. Summarize Marxian analysis of capitalist development and crisis.
30. What are the contributions of Alfred Marshall to economic theory?
31. Trace out the features of Gandhian economic ideas.

(Weightage: 4x2)

148

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
POPULATION STUDIES (Complementary Course)



PART A
I Choose the correct answer

1. Indian Decadal population growth during 1991-2001 was:
a) 24 b) 21.34
c) 18.10 d) 30.14
2. Population growth rate is low in
a) Bihar b) U.P
c) Kerala d) Karnataka
3. Number of Mega cities having population more than one million in India is
a) 75 b) 4
c) 35 d) 48
4. Literacy rate in India as per 2001 census is:
a) 75.2% b) 81.00%
c) 65.28% d) 55.0%
I weightage 1
5. Number of female for 1000 male in India as per 2001 census was:
a) 1010 b) 950
c) 933 d) 999
6. Density of population indicate
a) Capital land ratio b)Land output ratio
c) Land labour ratio d) Man land ratio
7. In the second stage of the theory of demographic transition
a) A high birth ratio meets with high death rate
b) Low birth rate meets with low death rate
c) Low birth rate meets with high death rate
d) High birth rate meets with low death rate
8. Infant mortality rate refers to reaching
a) The number of children dying before reaching the school going age
b) The number of children dying before reaching 3 years of age
c) The proportion of children dying with a year of their birth
d) None of the above
Weightage 1

149

PART B

9. Discuss the sources of population data
10. Analyse the world population growth trend
11. Write a note on unemployment
12. What do you mean by urbanisation?
13. Discuss the economic consequences of out migration
14. Evaluate Indias population growth on environment
15. Write a note on Male Female Ratio
16. Discuss family Planning Programme in India
17. Birth rate, Death rate and Net Migration are the three components of population
growth
18. Explain population density
19. Discuss fertility and age at marriage
20. Define sex ratio
Weightage 1x10
PART C
2 weightage

21. Explain the nature and scope of population studies
22. Discuss the important methods of measuring population growth
23. Analyse the impact of population growth on environment
24. Discuss the theory of demographic transition
25. Discuss the population census in India
26. What are the causes of urbanisation?
27. What are the weaknesses of population policy of India?
Weightage 2x5
PART- D
weightage
28. Bring out the impact of economic development on the growth and age structure of
population in the developing countries
29. Trace the increase in population in India since 1951 and comment on the concept of
population explosion
30. Compare and contrast the Optimum theory of population with the Malthusian theory
31. Discuss the causes and consequences of Rural to Urban Migration in India

Weightage 4x2

150

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
ECONOMICS OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM (Open Course)
Semester -V


PART A
I Choose the correct answer:
1. World tourism day is on
a) August 27 b) September 27
c) October 27 d) January 26
2. World Tourism Organisation (WTO) came into existence on
a) 1
st
January b) 2
nd
January
c) 26
th
April d) 25
th
May
3. Which state received the best tourism state award from government of India in the year
2007-2008?
a) Kerala b) Karnataka
c) Jammu and Kashmir d) Orissa
4. Thenmala, the famous ecotourism centre in Kerala, is situated in
a) Kollam district b) Kottayam district
c) Thiruvananthapuram district d) Palakkad district
Weightage 1
II
5. Name of the government agency that conducts and regulate the tourism activities of Kerala
state
a) DTPC b) KTDC
c) PATA d) IUOTO
6. Which of these not a geographical resource for tourism
a) Coastal resources b) Wildlife and wilderness resources
c) Landscape resources d) Advertisement
7. Asia pacific heritage awards for heritage conservation is given by the organisation
a) UNDP b) WTO
c) UNESCO d) WTTC
8. Which of the following countries rank first in the top ten source countries in the foreign
tourist arrivals to India in the year 2007?
a) UK b) USA
c) Russia d) France
Weightage 1

151

PART B

9. Define ECO tourism
10. Distinguish between a tourist and excursionist
11. Write a brief note on the function of KTDC
12. Distinguish between internal and international tourism
13. Write a note on travel motivation
14. Define mass tourism
15. Define tourism product
16. Bring out the role of transport systems in the development of tourism
17. Write a brief note on the evolution of tourism
18. What are the basic components of tourism industry?
19. What are the main climatic resources for tourism?
20. Give a note on customer care on tourism in India
Weightage 1x10
PART C
2 weightage

21. What is the importance of tourism planning?
22. What are the functions of ITDC?
23. Write a short note on the important international tourism organisations?
24. What do you mean by travel agent? What are the important functions of a travel agent?
25. Define any three of the following
a) Cultural tourism
b) Medical tourism
c) Adventure tourism
d) Wildlife tourism
26. Bring out the specific features of tourism marketing?
27. Illustrate the salient features of tourism legislation
Weightage 2x5

152

PART- D
weightage

28. Briefiy explain the characteristics of ecotourism centers in the state of Kerala
29. What are the economical and environmental impacts of tourism?
30. Bring out the importance of the concept of profit and loss account and the preparation of
balance sheet in the tourism industry accounting
31. Bring out the major drawbacks of tourism in a developing country
Weightage 4x2

153

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
ENERGY ECONOMICS (Open Course-Semester V)



PART A

I 1. Energy is defined as
A) Capacity to do work B) Calorie intake per day
C) Power consumption per day D) Kilo Watt Hour

2. Per Capita coal consumption in India
A) 200 kg B) 500 kg
C) 900 kg D) 100 kg

3. Nuclear power accounts for _______ of total energy mix
A) 7.5 % B) 5 %
C) 2 % D) 10 %

4. World electricity production in 2006 is_____
A) 12500 TWH B) 10000 TWH
C) 1000 TWH D) 100 TWH
(Weightage 1)
II 5. Hydro electric power accounts for ________ of total electricity generation in the world
A) 18.1 % B) 15 %
C) 2 % D) 25 %

6. Per capita electricity consumption in Kerala is
A) 300 units B) 240 units
C) 600 units D) 80 units

7. Nega watt energy means
A) Unit of energy saved through DSM B) Unit of energy generated through solar
C) Unit of power saved through load shedding. D) Commercial savings of power consumption

8. Energy audit means
A) Energy accounting B) Energy savings
C) Analysis of power demand and supply in each premise
D) Identifying energy waste through scientific and technical analysis. (Weightage 1)

154

PART B

9. Forms of energy
10. Significance of solar energy
11. Energy and determinants
12. Demand side management
13. Least cost energy planning
14. Commercial energy production at the world level
15. Features of Kerala power system
16. What is meant by energy taxes?
17. Micro level energy planning
18. Energy auditing
19. Global power demand
20. Meaning of energy intensity
(Weightage 1x10)

PART C
2 weightage

21. Different types of renewable energy.
22. What are energy constraints?
23. Different methods of energy pricing
24. Major constraints of power system in Kerala
25. Alternative energy strategy
26. Importance of energy economics
27. Energy environment linkages
(Weightage 2x5)

PART- D
weightage

28.. Explain the roles of energy in economic development. what are the impacts of excess energy
consumption?
29. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of privatization of the energy sector.
30.. What are the different methods of energy conservation? Is DSM an effective tool of energy
conservation?
31. Explain the extend of availability of coal, oil and nuclear energy at the global level. Examine the
recovery periods of these non renewable energy sources.
(Weightage 4x2)

155

KANNUR UNIVERSITY
ECONOMICS OF INSURANCE- Open Course
SEMESTER VI


PART A

I 1.Sale of Goods Act was introduced in the year
(A) 1830 (B) 1730
(C) 1930 (D) 1935
2. TAC means
(A) Traffic Advisory Committee (B) Trade and Commerce
(C) Tariff Advisory Committee (D) Transport Advisory Committee
3. The year in which the first insurance company established in India is
(A) 1818 (B) 1918
(C) 1919 (D) 1817
4. IRDA was established to regulate and develop
(A) Insurance (B) Theft
(C) Education (D) Health

(Weightage 1)
II 5. Qui Facit Alium, Facit Perse means
(A) One who does not act (B) Action is very important
(C) One who acts through others, acts to himself (D) One who acts himself acts for
nobody
6. The Regulation of Insurance Act, enacted in the year
(A) 1948 (B) 1884
(C) 1984 (D) 1938
7. IAD means
(A) Insurance Advertisement and Disclosure
(B) Insurance Advance and Delivery
(C) Insurance Act and Discretion
(D) Insurance Advertisement and Deposits
8. One of the two types of Assignment is
(A) Perfect (B) Conditional
(C) Direct (D) Indirect
(Weightage 1)

156

PART B

9. Insurance is an essential investment in todays world. Justify this statement.
10. What is the need and purpose of investment?
11. How many types of agents are commonly followed.
12. Explain the importance of underwriting in insurance?
13. Discuss the various aspects of a life insurance contract?
14. How is a premium evaluated?
15. Discuss the different policy riders.
16. What is Cropus Fund
17. Write a note of PASS.
18. What is an indemnity?
19. Describe a solatierm fund.
20. Discuss the life cycle needs.
(Weightage 1x10)

PART C
2 weightage

21. Analyse insurance as (a) Social Security (b) Financial Security
22. Describe the business of insurance.
23. What are the different types of life insurance policies?
24. Explain risk and risk management.
25. What is fire policy?
26. Explain crop insurance
27. Discuss the relevance of cattle insurance
(Weightage 2x5)
PART- D
weightage

28. Bring out the different aspects of Marine Insurance.
29. What are the fundamental principles of insurance?
30. What are the Major exclusions in Health Insurance? Are they justified?
31. Programme of insurance helps both the Government and the society Discuss.

(Weightage 4x2)

157

KANNUR UNIVERSITY


Entrepreneurial Economics (Open course)

SEMESTER VI

Time: 3 Hours Total Weightage: 30
PART A
Objective type questions
(Two Bunches)

Answer all questions. Each bunch of question carries 1 weightage.
I. Choose the correct answer:
1. The main functions performed by an entrepreneur are risk-bearing, organisation and:
a) Planning b) innovation c) raising of funds d) supervision
2. Who developed the concept of 'achievement motivation'?
a) Abraham Maslow b) Dalton E McFarland c) David C M Clelland d) A.H.Cole
3. Small industries help to improve the standard of living of the people in:
a) Urban areas b) Rural areas c) Sub-urban areas d) None of the above
4. Industrial Estates help in the rapid industrialisation and balanced:
a) regional development b) functional development c) external development d) None of the
above
II. (weightage - 1)
5. Entrepreneurs play a vital role in the ______________ development of a country.
a) Social b) Cultural c) Economic d) Political
6. The word 'entrepreneurship' typically means to _____________
a) undertake b) motivate c) distribute d) invent
7. _____________ is the main figure in the literature of entrepreneurship.
a) Robert Park b) Mark Granovetter c) Joseph A Schumpeter d) S.M.Lipset
8. Innovative entrepreneur is creative while imitative entrepreneur is ________________
a) adoptive b) perceptive c) future-oriented d) responsive to situations
(weightage - 1)
PART B
Short answer questions: Answer any ten questions
(Maximum of fifty words)

III. Short answer questions. Answer any ten questions of the following in 50 words each. Each
question carries 1 weightage.
9. Distinguish between entrepreneur and enterprise.
10. What is 'need for achievement'?
11. Distinguish between entrepreneur and entrepreneurship
12. What are the risks involved in entrepreneurship?
13. What are the obstacles which inibit the entrepreneurship developments?
14. Write a note on entrepreneurship in Kerala.
158

15. What is legitimacy of entrepreneurship?
16. Distinguish between innovative entrepreneurs and adoptive entrepreneurs.
17. What is the need for EDP?
18. What is the need for women entrepreneurship?
19. How small scale industries are classified?
20. What are the taxation benefits available to SSI units?
(weightage -1X 10)

PART C
Short essays: Answer any five questions
(Maximum of 150 words)

Answer any five questions in not exceeding 150 words each. Each question carries 2 weightage.

21. Discuss the common entrepreneurial traits and qualities required for a successful entrepreneur.
22. Give an account of different types of entrepreneurs.
23. Mention the important problems of women entrepreneurs in establishing and developing their
enterprises?
24. "Entrepreneurs are made not born". Comment and give reasons for your view.
25. Briefly explain the various institutions engaged in the training and development of
entrepreneurs in India.
26. Discuss the role of small scale sector in the industrialisation of a developing economy..
27. Analyse the basic problem faced by small scale sector in India. Also suggest suitable remedies
to solve such problems.
(weightage 2X5)
PART D
Long essays: Answer any two questions
(Maximum of 450 words)

Answer any two questions in not exceeding 450 words. Each question carries 4 weightage.
28. Discuss the role and importance of entrepreneur in the economic development of a country.
29. What factors influence entrepreneurial development?
30. Explain briefly the procedure of setting up of a small scale industrial unit?
31. What measures are taken by the government for the promotion of SSI sector in India? Discuss
the role of KFC and KSIDC in the entrepreneurial growth of Kerala?
(weightage -4X2 )

159

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KANNUR UNIVERSITY KANNUR UNIVERSITY KANNUR UNIVERSITY KANNUR UNIVERSITY

BA ECONOMICS/DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS BA ECONOMICS/DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS BA ECONOMICS/DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS BA ECONOMICS/DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

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