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    Kidney Anatomy & Physiology Modified. Anas Elian

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    Anas Abu Elian
    The kidney is a paired retroperitoneal organ located on the posterior abdominal wall that functions in the urinary system to filter and concentrate urine. The kidney regulates fluid volume and electrolyte, acid-base, and hormone balance by filtering blood and reabsorbing and secreting necessary substances while removing waste. Through processes like glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, the kidney maintains homeostasis and produces important hormones like renin, erythropoietin, vitamin D, aldosterone, and anti-diuretic hormone.

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    Kidney Anatomy & Physiology Modified. Anas Elian

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    Anas Abu Elian
    30 views11 pages
    The kidney is a paired retroperitoneal organ located on the posterior abdominal wall that functions in the urinary system to filter and concentrate urine. The kidney regulates fluid volume and electrolyte, acid-base, and hormone balance by filtering blood and reabsorbing and secreting necessary substances while removing waste. Through processes like glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, the kidney maintains homeostasis and produces important hormones like renin, erythropoietin, vitamin D, aldosterone, and anti-diuretic hormone.

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    The kidney is a paired retroperitoneal organ located on the posterior abdominal wall that functions in the urinary system to filter and concentrate urine. The kidney regulates fluid volume and electrolyte, acid-base, and hormone balance by filtering blood and reabsorbing and secreting necessary substances while removing waste. Through processes like glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, the kidney maintains homeostasis and produces important hormones like renin, erythropoietin, vitamin D, aldosterone, and anti-diuretic hormone.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    30 views11 pages

    Kidney Anatomy & Physiology Modified. Anas Elian

    Uploaded by

    Anas Abu Elian
    The kidney is a paired retroperitoneal organ located on the posterior abdominal wall that functions in the urinary system to filter and concentrate urine. The kidney regulates fluid volume and electrolyte, acid-base, and hormone balance by filtering blood and reabsorbing and secreting necessary substances while removing waste. Through processes like glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, the kidney maintains homeostasis and produces important hormones like renin, erythropoietin, vitamin D, aldosterone, and anti-diuretic hormone.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Kidney Anatomy and Physiology

    Prepared By : Mr. Anas Abu Elian (MCN,BSN,RN) Clinical Nurse Educator. CCD,KSMC.

    *Retroperitoneal, paired organs. *Posterior abdominal wall, largely under cover of costal margin *Key organ of urinary system

    *Filtration/ concentration of urine


    *Biochemical balance, hormone production

    Functions of the Kidney: Maintaining balance


    Regulation of body fluid volume and osmolality Regulation of electrolyte balance Regulation of acid-base balance Excretion of waste products (urea, ammonia, drugs, toxins) Production and secretion of hormones Regulation of blood pressure

    Filtration

    Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)


    Measure of functional capacity of the kidney Dependent on difference in pressures between capillaries and Bowmans space Normal = 120 ml/min =7.2 L/h=180 L/day!! (99% of fluid filtered is reabs.)

    Reabsorption and secretion

    Hormones Produced by the Kidney


    Renin:
    Released from juxtaglomerular apparatus when low blood flow or low Na+. Renin leads to production of angiotensin II, which in turn ultimately leads to retention of salt and water.

    Erythropoietin:
    Stimulates red blood cell development in bone marrow. Will increase when blood oxygen low and anemia (low hemoglobin).

    Vitamin D3:
    Enzyme converts Vit D to active form 1,25(OH)2VitD. Involved in calcium homeostasis.

    Aldosterone
    Secreted by the adrenal glands in response to angiotensin II or high potassium Acts in distal nephron to increase resorption of Na+ and Cl- and the secretion of K+ and H+ NaCl resorption causes passive retention of H2O

    Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)


    Osmoreceptors in the brain (hypothalamus) sense Na+ concentration of blood. High Na+ (blood is highly concentrated) stimulates posterior pituitary to secrete ADH. ADH upregulates water channels on the collecting ducts of the nephrons in the kidneys. This leads to increased water resorption and decrease in Na concentration by dilution

    THANK YOU

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