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C/C++ signal handling

C/C++signalhandling
CandC++signalhandlingandC++signalclassesandexamples.

TutorialTableofContents: #SignalDescription,Types #Csignalhandling #C++SignalClass #CManPages search

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Signals:
Description:Signalsaresoftwareinterruptsdeliveredtoaprocessbythe operatingsystem.Signalscanalsobeissuedbytheoperatingsystembasedon systemorerrorconditions.Thereisadefaultbehaviorforsome(i.e.aprocess isterminatedwhenitreceivesaninturruptSIGINTsignalbypressingkeystrokes ctrlC)butthistutorialshowshowtohandlethesignalbydefiningcallback functionstomanagethesignal.Wherepossible,thisallowsonetoclosefiles andperformoperationsandreactinamannerdefinedbytheprogrammer. Notethatnotallsignalscanbehandled. Typesofsignals: Signal SIGHUP Value 1 Description Hangup(POSIX) Reportthatuser'sterminalisdisconnected.Signal usedtoreporttheterminationofthecontrolling process. Interrupt(ANSI) Programinterrupt.(ctrlc) Quit(POSIX) Terminateprocessandgeneratecoredump. IllegalInstruction(ANSI) Generallyindicatesthattheexecutablefileis corruptedoruseofdatawhereapointertoa functionwasexpected. Tracetrap(POSIX) Abort(ANSI) IOTtrap(4.2BSD) Processdetectserrorandreportsbycallingabort BUSerror(4.2BSD) Indicatesanaccesstoaninvalidaddress. FloatingPointarithmeticException(ANSI). Thisincludesdivisionbyzeroandoverflow.The IEEEStandardforBinaryFloatingPointArithmetic (ANSI/IEEEStd7541985)definesvariousfloating pointexceptions.

LinuxandC++ C++Unions&Structures C++STL C++STLMap C++StringClass C++Singleton C++CodingStyle C++XMLBeans C/C++DynamicMemory C++MemoryCorruption C++CGI YoLinuxTutorialsIndex

SIGINT SIGQUIT SIGILL

2 3 4

SIGTRAP SIGABRT SIGIOT SIGBUS SIGFPE

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SIGKILL SIGUSR1 SIGSEGV

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Kill,unblockable(POSIX) Causeimmediateprogramtermination. Cannotbehandled,blockedorignored. Userdefinedsignal1 SegmentationViolation(ANSI) Occurswhenaprogramtriestoreadorwrite outsidethememorythatisallocatedforitbythe operatingsystem,dereferencingabadorNULL pointer.Indicatesaninvalidaccesstovalid memory. Userdefinedsignal2 Brokenpipe(POSIX) Errorconditionliketryingtowritetoasocketwhich isnotconnected. Alarmclock(POSIX) Indicatesexpirationofatimer.Usedbythealarm() function. Termination(ANSI) Thissignalcanbeblocked,handled,andignored. Generatedby"kill"command. Stackfault Childstatushaschanged(POSIX) Signalsenttoparentprocesswheneveroneofits childprocessesterminatesorstops. SeetheYoLinux.comFork,exec,wait,waitpid tutorial Continue(POSIX) Signalsenttoprocesstomakeitcontinue. Stop,unblockable(POSIX) Stopaprocess.Thissignalcannotbehandled, ignored,orblocked. Keyboardstop(POSIX) Interactivestopsignal.Thissignalcanbehandled andignored.(ctrlz) Backgroundreadfromtty(POSIX) Backgroundwritetotty(POSIX) Urgentconditiononsocket(4.2BSD) Signalsentwhen"urgent"oroutofbanddata arrivesonasocket. CPUlimitexceeded(4.2BSD) Filesizelimitexceeded(4.2BSD) VirtualTimeAlarm(4.2BSD) Indicatesexpirationofatimer. Profilingalarmclock(4.2BSD) Indicatesexpirationofatimer.Useforcode profilingfacilities. Windowsizechange(4.3BSD,Sun) I/Onowpossible(4.2BSD) Pollableeventoccurred(SystemV) Signalsentwhenfiledescriptorisreadytoperform I/O(generatedbysockets) Powerfailurerestart(SystemV)

SIGUSR2 SIGPIPE

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SIGALRM

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SIGTERM

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SIGSTKFLT 16 SIGCHLD SIGCLD 17

SIGCONT SIGSTOP
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SIGTSTP

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SIGTTIN SIGTTOU SIGURG

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SIGXCPU SIGXFSZ

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SIGVTALRM 26 SIGPROF 27

SIGWINCH SIGIO SIGPOLL

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SIGPWR

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SIGSYS 31 Badsystemcall See:/usr/include/bits/signum.h Signalswhichcanbeprocessedinclude:SIGINT,SIGABRT,SIGFPE,SIGILL,

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SIGSEGV,SIGTERM,SIGHUP

Listallsignalsavailabletothesystem: Usethecommand:killl
$killl 1)SIGHUP2)SIGINT3)SIGQUIT4)SIGILL 5)SIGTRAP6)SIGABRT7)SIGBUS8)SIGFPE 9)SIGKILL10)SIGUSR111)SIGSEGV12)SIGUSR2 13)SIGPIPE14)SIGALRM15)SIGTERM17)SIGCHLD 18)SIGCONT19)SIGSTOP20)SIGTSTP21)SIGTTIN 22)SIGTTOU23)SIGURG24)SIGXCPU25)SIGXFSZ 26)SIGVTALRM27)SIGPROF28)SIGWINCH29)SIGIO 30)SIGPWR31)SIGSYS34)SIGRTMIN35)SIGRTMIN+1 36)SIGRTMIN+237)SIGRTMIN+338)SIGRTMIN+439)SIGRTMIN+5 40)SIGRTMIN+641)SIGRTMIN+742)SIGRTMIN+843)SIGRTMIN+9 44)SIGRTMIN+1045)SIGRTMIN+1146)SIGRTMIN+1247)SIGRTMIN+13 48)SIGRTMIN+1449)SIGRTMIN+1550)SIGRTMAX1451)SIGRTMAX13 52)SIGRTMAX1253)SIGRTMAX1154)SIGRTMAX1055)SIGRTMAX9 56)SIGRTMAX857)SIGRTMAX758)SIGRTMAX659)SIGRTMAX5 60)SIGRTMAX461)SIGRTMAX362)SIGRTMAX263)SIGRTMAX1 64)SIGRTMAX

Sendingaprocessasignal: Aprocesscanbesentasignalusingthe"kill"command:killssignal
numberpid

Wherethepid(processid)canbeobtainedusingthe"ps"command.

CSignalhandlerandExample:
BasicCsignalcallbackfunctionexample: File:signalExample.cpp

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#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<signal.h>

//Definethefunctiontobecalledwhenctrlc (SIGINT)signalissenttoprocess void signal_callback_handler(intsignum) { printf("Caughtsignal%d\n",signum) //Cleanupandcloseupstuffhere

//Terminateprogram exit(signum) }

intmain() { //Registersignalandsignalhandler signal(SIGINT,signal_callback_handler)

while(1) { printf("Programprocessingstuffhere.\n") sleep(1) } returnEXIT_SUCCESS }

Exampletohandlectrlc Compile:gccsignalExample.cpp

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Run:a.out Results:
Programprocessingstuffhere. Programprocessingstuffhere. Caughtsignal2

Thefunctionprototype:void(*signal(intsig,void(*func)(int)))(int)

C++SignalRegistrationandHandlingClass:
File:signalHandler.hpp

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#ifndef__SIGNALHANDLER_H__ #define__SIGNALHANDLER_H_ #include<stdexcept> usingstd::runtime_error

classSignalException:publicruntime_error { public: SignalException(conststd::string&_message) :std::runtime_error(_message) {} }

classSignalHandler { protected: staticboolmbGotExitSignal

public: SignalHandler() ~SignalHandler()

staticboolgotExitSignal() staticvoidsetExitSignal(bool_bExitSignal) voidsetupSignalHandlers() staticvoidexitSignalHandler(int_ignored) } #endif

File:signalHandler.cpp

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#include<signal.h> #include<errno.h>

#include"signalHandler.hpp boolSignalHandler::mbGotExitSignal=false /** *DefaultContructor. */ SignalHandler::SignalHandler() { }

/** *Destructor. */ SignalHandler::~SignalHandler() { }

/** *Returnstheboolflagindicatingwhetherwereceived anexitsignal

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C/C++ signal handling

*/ *@returnFlagindicatingshutdownofprogram boolSignalHandler::gotExitSignal() { returnmbGotExitSignal }

/** *Setstheboolflagindicatingwhetherwereceivedan exitsignal */ voidSignalHandler::setExitSignal(bool_bExitSignal) { mbGotExitSignal=_bExitSignal }

/** *Setsexitsignaltotrue. *@param[in]_ignoredNotusedbutrequiredbyfunction prototype *tomatchrequiredhandler. */ voidSignalHandler::exitSignalHandler(int_ignored) { mbGotExitSignal=true }

/** *SetupthesignalhandlersforCTRLC. */ voidSignalHandler::setupSignalHandlers() { if(signal((int)SIGINT, SignalHandler::exitSignalHandler)==SIG_ERR) { throwSignalException("!!!!!Errorsettingup signalhandlers!!!!!") } }

File:test.cpp

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#include<iostream> #include"signalHandle.hpp" usingnamespacestd

main() { intiret

try { SignalHandlersignalHandler

//Registersignalhandlertohandlekillsignal signalHandler.setupSignalHandlers() //Infiniteloopuntilsignalctrlc(KILL) received while(!signalHandler.gotExitSignal()) { sleep(1) }

iret=EXIT_SUCCESS } catch(SignalException&e) { std::cerr<<"SignalException:"<<e.what()<< std::endl iret=EXIT_FAILURE } return(iret) }

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Compile:g++signalHandle.cpptest.cpp

CSignalManPages:
Cfunctions: signalANSICsignalhandling raisesendasignaltothecurrentprocess strsignalreturnstringdescribingsignal(GNUextension) psignalprintsignalmessage sigactionPOSIXsignalhandlingfunctions sigsetopsPOSIXsignalsetoperations sigvecBSDsoftwaresignalfacilities alarmsetanalarmclockfordeliveryofasignal Commands: killterminateaprocess psreportasnapshotofthecurrentprocesses.

Books:
C++HowtoProgram byHarveyM.Deitel,PaulJ.Deitel ISBN#0131857576,PrenticeHall Fifthedition.Thefirsteditionofthis book(andProfessorSheelyatUTA) taughtmetoprogramC++.Itis completeandcoversallthenuances oftheC++language.Italsohas goodcodeexamples.Goodforboth learningandreference. "AdvancedUNIXProgramming" SecondEdition byMarcJ.Rochkind ISBN#0131411543,Addison WesleyProfessionalComputing Series

"AdvancedProgramminginthe UNIXEnvironment"FirstEdition byW.RichardStevens ISBN#0201563177,Addison WesleyProfessionalComputing Series ItistheCprogrammersguideto programmingontheUNIXplatform. Thisbookisamustforanyserious UNIX/Linuxprogrammer.Itcoversall oftheessentialUNIX/LinuxAPI's andtechniques.Thisbookstarts wherethebasicCprogramming bookleavesoff.Greatexamplecode. Thisbooktravelswithmetoevery jobIgoto.

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"UNIXNetworkProgramming, Volume1:NetworkingAPIs SocketsandXTI"SecondEdition byW.RichardStevens ISBN#013490012X,PrenticeHall PTR ThisbookcoversnetworkAPIs, sockets+XTI,multicast,UDP,TCP, ICMP,rawsockets,SNMP,MBONE. Indepthcoverageoftopics. "UNIXNetworkProgramming Volume2:Interprocess Communications" byW.RichardStevens ISBN#0130810819,PrenticeHall PTR Thisbookcoverssemaphores, threads,recordlocking,memory mappedI/O,messagequeues, RPC's,etc. "AdvancedUnixProgramming" byWarrenW.Gay ISBN#067231990X,SamsWhite BookSeries Thisbookcoversalltopicsin general:files,directories,date/time, libraries,pipes,IPC,semaphores, sharedmemory,forkedprocesses andI/Oscheduling.Thecoverageis notasindepthastheprevioustwo books(StevensVol1and2)

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