Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) This print-out should have 52 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. McCord CH302 1pm E = E E = E RT ln Q nF E = E

1 0.0257 ln Q n

0.05916 log Q n

I t = moles nF ln [A]0 [A] = kt t1/2 = t1/2 = t1/2 =

This exam is only for McCords MWF 1pm CH302 class.

ln 2 ak

R = 8.314 J/molK R = 0.08206 L atm/molK R = 62.36 Ltorr/molK 1 Latm = 101.325 J G = H T S Tf = kf m PA = xA PA,pure ln P2 P1 = Hvap R Tb = kb m = cRT 1 1 T1 T2 1 1 T1 T2

1 1 = kt [A] [A]0 [A]0 [A] = kt

1 ak[A]0 [A]0 2ak

001 10.0 points Consider ve generic acids (HA, HB, HC, HD, and HE) that have the following ionization constants. Ionization Constant Ka value 3.6 103 8.3 104 2.6 106 9.3 106 7.3 107

Acid HA HB HC HD HE

K2 ln K1 k2 ln k1

Hrxn = R Ea = R

Which of the following anions will be the WEAKEST base? 1. C 2. B 3. E 4. A correct 5. D Explanation: The larger the Ka , the greater the dissociation and the stronger the acid. In general, a conjugate base is opposite in strength from its parent acid strength. HA is the strongest

1 1 T1 T2 Kw =[H+ ][OH ]

pH = -log[H+ ]

Kw = 1.0 1014 at 25 C [A ] pH = pKa + log [HA] G = nF E G = RT ln K

anode | solution || solution | cathode

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) acid listed (largest Ka ), therefore A is the weakest base. 002 10.0 points We know that the rate expression for the reaction 2 NO + O2 2 NO2 at a certain temperature is Rate = k [NO]2 [O2 ]. We carry out two experiments involving this reaction at the same temperature, but in the second experiment the initial concentration of NO is doubled while the initial concentration of O2 is halved. The initial rate in the second experiment will be how many times that of the rst? 1. 2 correct 2. 4 3. 8 4. 1 Explanation: 1 [NO]2 = 2 [NO]1 ; [O2 ]2 = [O2 ]1 2 Rate = k[NO]2 [O2 ] Rate2 k2 [NO]2 [O2 ]2 2 = Rate1 k1 [NO]2 [O2 ]1 1 =
1 (2 [NO]1 )2 2 [O2 ]1 4 = =2 2 [O ] 2 [NO]1 2 1

Explanation:

5. 1.60 1010

004 10.0 points Consider two liquids A and B. The vapor pressure of pure A (molecular weight = 50 g/mol) is 225 torr at 25 C and the vapor pressure of pure B (molecular weight = 75 g/mol) is 90 torr at the same temperature. What is the total vapor pressure at 25 C of a solution that is 70% A and 30% B by weight? 1. 225 torr 2. 124 torr 3. 108 torr 4. 135 torr 5. 195 torr correct 6. 203 torr 7. 76 torr 8. 115 torr 9. 335 torr Explanation: For A, P 0 = 255 torr For B, P 0 = 90 torr

MW = 50 g/mol

003 10.0 points What is the concentration of OH ions in a 0.40 M solution of KCN? The ionization constant of HCN is 4.0 1010 . 1. 4.08 1012 2. 3.16 103 correct 3. 1.26 105 4. 6.25 10
5

MW = 75 g/mol 7 2 The mole fractions are for A and for B. 9 9 2 7 (225) + (90) = 175 + 20 = 195 torr 9 9

005 10.0 points The solubility product constant of barium sulte (BaSO3 ) is 8.0 107 . Will a precipitate of BaSO3 form if 100 mL of a 4.0 104 molar solution of BaCl2 is added to 100 mL of a 3.0 103 molar solution of Na2 SO3 ? 1. yes, because the solubility product constant is exceeded

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) 2. yes, because the solubility product constant is not exceeded 3. no, because the solubility product constant is not exceeded correct 4. no, because the solubility product constant is exceeded Explanation: 006 10.0 points 1.56 moles of a weak electrolyte is dissolved into 814 grams of water. The freezing point of the solution is 5.31128C. What is the percent ionization for this substance in this solution? Kf = 1.86C/m for water. Assume that the electrolyte is a simple 1:1 ratio. 1. 23.0 2. 48.0 3. 41.0 4. 52.0 5. 35.0 6. 49.0 7. 32.0 8. 45.0 9. 39.0 10. 25.0 Correct answer: 49%. Explanation: Tf = 5.31128 C mH2 O = 814 g Kf = 1.86 C/m =0 C n = 1.56 mol

MX ini, m 1.91646 , m x n, m 1.91646 x

M+ + X 0 0 x x x x

Total molality = 1.91646 m x + x + x = 1.91646 m + x

me = 1.91646 m + x = 2.85553 m x = 0.939066 m x 100% mini 0.939066 m 100% = 49% = 1.91646 m

% ionization =

007 10.0 points The energy (voltage) available in a galvanic cell depends upon the , whereas the current depends upon the 1. dierences in the chemical potential energy of the reactants; size of the cell. correct 2. Neither of these; voltage and current are inter-related and depend upon the details of the redox reaction as well as the cell design. 3. size of the cell; dierences in the chemical potential energy of the reactants. Explanation: The chemical potential energy of the two half reactions (reduction and oxidation) set the overall potential energy or voltage of the cell and are not aected by the physical size of the electrodes; however, the physical size does aect how many electrons are owing in a given time; i.e., the current. 008 10.0 points

Tf0

Tf = Tf0 Tf = 0.0 C (5.31128 C) = 5.31128 C Tf = Kf me Tf 5.31128 C = = 2.85553 m = Kf 1.86 C/m 1.56 mol MX 0.814 kg water = 1.91646 m

me

initial molality of solution =

Consider the reaction mechanism below:

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) Step 1 2 3 overall Reaction Cl2 + Pt 2 Cl + Pt Cl + CO + Pt ClCO + Pt Cl + ClCO Cl2 CO Cl2 + CO Cl2 CO 5. 250 kJ, 350 kJ 400 Energy (kJ) 300 Ea 50 2. Cl 3. ClCO 4. Pt, Cl 5. Cl, ClCO correct 6. Pt Explanation: Both Cl and ClO are produced in early steps and stiochiometrically consumed in subsequent steps and neither appear in the overall reaction. 009 10.0 points The graph describes the energy prole of a reaction. 400 Energy (kJ) 300 B H = 300 kJ 50 kJ = 250 kJ Ea = 400 kJ 50 kJ = 350 kJ A Time H B

Explanation:

Which species is/are intermediates? 1. Pt, ClCO

010 10.0 points What is the molal concentration m of NaCl, a strong electrolyte in water, if the observed boiling temperature of the solution is 100.361 C? (Kb = 0.515 C/m for water.) 1. 0.350 m correct 2. 0.175 m 3. 0.701 m 4. 0.186 m 5. 0.372 m Explanation: Tf = 100 C Tf0 = 100.361 C

50

Time What are the values for H and Ea , respectively, for the reaction in the direction written? 1. 250 kJ, 350 kJ correct 2. 250 kJ, 100 kJ 3. 250 kJ, 100 kJ 4. 250 kJ, 100 kJ

T = 100.361 C 100 C = 0.361 C T = Kb m T 0.361 C mtotal = = 0.700971 m = Kb 0.515C/m mtotal = mNa + mCl , so 1 mN aCl = mtotal = 0.350485 m 2 011 10.0 points How many seconds are required to produce 4.94 mg of chromium metal from an acidic solution of potassium dichromate, using a current of 0.234 A?

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) 1. 78 s 2. 274 s 3. 118 s 4. 196 s 5. 235 s correct 6. 157 s Explanation: I * t / n * F = moles moles = 0.00494/52 = 9.5105 mol Cr n = 6 because the Cr is in the +6 ox state in dichromate, Cr2 O2 . 7 9.5 105 (96485)(6)/0.234 = 235 s 012 10.0 points A buer solution is prepared by dissolving 0.50 mol HC2 H3 O2 and 1.00 mol NaC2 H3 O2 in enough water to make 1.00 L solution. What is the pH of the solution? (Ka = 1.8 105 .) 1. 7.00 2. 4.74 3. 5.04 correct 4. 4.44 5. 5.24 Explanation: [C2 H3 O ] = 1.00 M 2 Ka = 1.8 105 pH = pKa + log [HC2 H3 O2 ] = 0.50 M [CH3 COO ] [CH3 COOH] 1.0 0.5 N2 (g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) at this temperature? 1. 1128.75 2. 213.239 3. 4429.76 4. 385.658 5. 189.981 6. 44.5726 7. 240.444 8. 1567.87 9. 1344.74 10. 1071.27 Correct answer: 1071.27.

A reaction mixture that consisted of 0.2 mol N2 and 0.2 mol H2 was introduced into a 26 L reactor and heated. At equilibrium, 8% of the nitrogen gas had reacted. What is the value of the equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction

Explanation: Initially, 0.2 mol = 0.00769231. [N2 ] = [H2 ] = 26 L Analyzing the reaction using concentrations,

2 NH3(g N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) ini 0.00769231 0.00769231 0 x 3 x +2 x n 0.00769231 x 0.00769231 3 x +2 x

At equilibrium, 8% of the N2 had reacted, so 92% of the N2 remains: [N2 ] = (0.92) (0.00769231 mol/L) = 0.00707692 mol This can be set equal to the term for the nal concentration of N2 (g) in the table: 0.00769231 x = 0.00707692 x = 0.000615385 mol/L At equilibrium, [N2 ] = 0.00769231 mol/L 0.000615385 mol/L = 0.00707692 mol/L [H2 ] = 0.00769231 mol/L 3 (0.000615385 mol/L) = 0.00584615 mol/L

= log(1.8 105 ) + log = 5.04576 10.0 points

013

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) [NH3 ] = 2 0.000615385 mol/L = 0.00123077 mol/L The expression for the equilibrium constant Kc is [NH3 ]2 [N2 ] [H2]3 (0.00123077 mol/L)2 = (0.00707692) (0.00584615 mol/L)3 = 1071.27

What will be the concentration of A after 1 hour if the reaction started with a concentration of 0.400 M ? 1. 0.361 M 2. 0.236 M 3. 0.0843 M 4. 0.115 M correct 5. 0.384 M

Kc =

014 10.0 points You place two beakers into an evacuated chamber. One beaker has 100 mL of a 0.1 M solution of NaCl in water and the other has 100 mL of a 1.0 M sugar solution. When the system comes to equilibrium, 1. the beaker with the sugar solution will have a larger volume. correct 2. the beaker with the salt solution will have a larger volume. 3. the two beakers will have identical volumes. 4. all of the water will be in the sugar solution. 5. all of the water will be in the salt solution. Explanation: Both liquids will evaporate and condense from each beaker. The chamber will come to equilibrium when the two beakers have the same concentration (same vapor pressure). The salt solution will become more concentrated (lower volume) and the sugar solution will become less concentrated (higher volume). 015 10.0 points Consider the following reaction and its rate constant. AB k = 0.103 M 1 min1

6. 0.152 M 7. 8.28 104 M 8. 0.308 M Explanation: 1 1 = akt [A]t [A]0 1 1 = + akt [A]t [A]0 1 = + 0.400 (0.103 M1 min1 ) (60 min) = 8.68 [A]t = 0.115 M 016 10.0 points A solution prepared by adding 0.49 g of a polymer to 0.4 L of toluene (methylbenzene, a common solvent) showed an osmotic pressure of 0.543 Torr at 19 C. What is the molar mass of the polymer? 1. 24169.7 2. 22284.3 3. 11390.2 4. 5626.97 5. 42825.6 6. 25592.3 7. 7356.6 8. 15782.5 9. 41083.2 10. 39850.7

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) Correct answer: 41083.2 g/mol. Explanation: m = 0.49 g V = 0.4 L T = 19 C + 273 = 292 K P = 0.543 Torr L atm R = 0.08206 K mol We assume the polymer to be a non electrolyte, so i = 1, and = iRT M V MWx iRT 1 = = M m P iRT m MWx = PV Latm 1 (0.08206 Kmol ) (292 K) (0.49 g) = (0.543 Torr) (0.4 L) 760 Torr 1 atm = 41083.2 g/mol . 017 10.0 points The lattice energy for MX is 505 kJ/mol and its heat of hydration is 345 kJ/mol. What is the heat of solution for MX? 1. +148 kJ/mol 2. 137 kJ/mol 3. +160 kJ/mol correct 4. 160 kJ/mol 5. 153 kJ/mol 6. +139 kJ/mol 7. 850 kJ/mol Explanation: Hsoln = Hhyd Hcryst Hsoln = 345 (505) Hsoln = +160 kJ/mol 018 10.0 points

The decomposition of cyclobutane is a rstorder reaction. At a certain temperature, the half-life for this reaction is 137 seconds. What fraction of a sample of cyclobutane would be left after 685 seconds at this temperature? 1. 0.125 2. 0.0312 correct 3. 0.25 4. 0.0156 5. 0.0625 Explanation: t1/2 = 137 s a=1 ln 2 t1/2 t = 685 s

k= ln

ln 2 [cyclobutane]0 = akt = at [cyclobutane]t t1/2 (685 s) ln 2 = 137 s = 3.4657 [cyclobutane]0 = e3.4657 [cyclobutane]t = 32 [cyclobutane]t 1 = = 0.03125 [cyclobutane]0 32

019 10.0 points A certain reaction has a Kc = 9.0 at 35 C. A(g) + B(g) 2 C(g) We have a mixture in which [A] = 2 M, [B] = 4 M, and [C] = 1.5 M. Which of the following is true of the mixture? 1. The mixture is at equilibrium. 2. More A and B will be formed to achieve equilibrium. 3. The reaction will go to the right. correct

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) 4. The reaction will go to the left. Explanation: Kc = 9.0 [B] = 4 M [A] = 2 M [C] = 1.5 M 2. Mn2+ 3. Sn 4. Ga+3 5. Mn

Q=

[C]2 (1.5 M)2 = = 0.28 [A] [B] (2 M) (4 M) < Kc = 9.0

Therefore, equilibrium will shift to the right. 020 10.0 points Write the equilibrium expression for the reaction 2 NO(g) + O2 (g) 2 NO2 (g) 1. K =
2 PNO PO2 2 PNO2 PNO 2. K = PNO2 PO2 2 PNO2

Explanation: Oxidizing agents get reduced. As E0 increases, the easier it is for the species to be reduced. Since Sn2+ has the biggest E0 , it is reduced the easiest, making it the strongest oxidizing agent. 022 10.0 points What is the pH at the half-stoichiometric point for the titration of 0.88 M HNO2 (aq) with 0.10 M KOH(aq)? For HNO2 , Ka = 4.3 104 . 1. 1.86 2. 2.01 3. 7.00

2 PNO PO2 2 PNO2 4. K = 2 PNO PO2

3. K =

correct 4. 3.37 correct 5. 1.71 Explanation: 023 10.0 points A 100 ml sample of 0.100 M NH3 solution is titrated to the equivalence point with 50 ml of 0.200 M HCl. What is the nal [H3 O+ ]? The ionization constant of NH3 is 1.8 105 . 1. 6.09 106 M correct 2. 1.10 103 M 3. 1.00 107 M 4. 3.70 1011 M 5. 8.61 106 M Explanation:

5. K =

PNO2 2 PNO PO2

Explanation: Since this is a gas phase reaction, K is the ratio of the partial equilibrium pressures of the products to the partial equilibrium pressures of the reactants. 021 10.0 points Consider the half-reactions Mn2+ + 2 e Mn E 0 = 1.029 V 3+ Ga + 3 e Ga E 0 = 0.560 V Fe2+ + 2 e Fe E 0 = 0.409 V 2+ Sn + 2 e Sn E 0 = 0.136 V Of the species listed, the strongest oxidizing agent is 1. Sn2+ correct

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) [NH3] = 0.1 M [HCl] = 0.2 M Initially, for NH3 , (0.1 M)(100 mL) = 10 mmol for HCl, (0.2 M)(50 mL) = 10 mmol Neutralization: NH3 + HCl NH4 Cl ini 10 mmol 10 mmol 10 mmol 10 mmol 10 mmol n 0 mmol 0 mmol 10 mmol 10 mmol = 0.067 M 150 mL Equilibria re-established: [NH+ ] = 4 NH3 + H+ NH+ 4 0.067 M 0.067 x x x Kw = 1014 Ka = Kb = 1.8 105
Ka

025 10.0 points The Ksp of Cd3 (PO4 )2 at 18 o C is 1.08 1033 . What is its molar solubility at this temperature? 1. 2.5 109 M 2. 6.5 1011 M 3. 1.0 107 M correct 4. 3.3 1017 M Explanation: The equation for Ksp = (2x)2(3x)3 = 108x5 1/5 1.08 1033 x= = 1 107 M 108 026 The reaction N2 O4 (g) 2 NO2 (g) is at equilibrium. Increasing the pressure will have what eect on the equilibrium? 1. The equilibrium is shifted to the right. 2. The equilibrium remains unchanged. 3. The equilibrium is shifted to the left. correct Explanation: Increasing pressure shifts the equilibrium in the direction that produces fewer molecules of gas. 027 10.0 points Which of the following alcohols would be the least miscible with water? 1. pentanol (CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH) 2. propanol (CH3 CH2 CH2 OH) 3. methanol (CH3 OH) 10.0 points

Assumption:

Kw 1014 = 5.56 1010 = Kb 1.8 105 x2 Ka = 0.067 x x = [H ] = =

Ka 0.067

(5.56 1010 )(0.067)

= 6.09 106 024 10.0 points Which of the following statements describe a buered solution? 1. a solution containing a weak acid 2. a solution containing a conjugate base 3. a solution that resists pH change correct 4. a solution with pH = 7 Explanation: A buer contains comparative amounts of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid, and is able to prevent large changes of pH. The pH of the buer is determined by its composition.

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) 4. hexanol (CH3CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH) correct 5. ethanol (CH3 CH2 OH) Explanation: The polar OH group is miscible with water but as the nonpolar hydrocarbon chain lengthens, solubility decreases. 028 10.0 points Consider an insulated system containing 150 g of liquid water and 150 g of ice at equilibrium under atmospheric pressure. A total of 17 g of steam at 110 C is admitted to the system. What is the phase composition and temperature when equilibrium is reestablished? 1. 304 g of water and 13 g of ice at 0 C correct 2. 300 g of water and 17 g of ice at 0 C 3. 317 g of water at 6.8 C 4. 317 g of water at 3.2 C

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6. 31.6147 mol Vvessel = 10.0 L 30.4 mol nHI = 30.4 [HI]ini = = 3.04 M 10 L H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2 HI (g) ini, M 0 0 3.04 , M x x 2x eq, M x x 3.04 2x Kc = [HI]2 = 58 [H2 ] [I2] (3.04 2x)2 = 58 x2 3.04 2x = 58 x 3.04 2 x = 58 x x = 0.316147 Explanation: Kc = 58

nI2 = (10.0 L) [I2 ] = (10.0 L) 0.316147 = 3.16147 mol mol L

5. 317 g of water at 15.3 C 6. 310 g of water and 7 g of ice at 0 C Explanation: 029 10.0 points Kc = 58 at some temperature for the reaction H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2 HI(g) . If 30.4 mol of HI are introduced into a 10.0 liter vessel, how many moles of I2 are present at equilibrium? 1. 1.58074 mol 2. 4.74221 mol 3. 6.32294 mol 4. 3.79377 mol 5. 3.16147 mol correct

030 10.0 points What is the molar solubility of Zn(OH)2 in a solution buered at pH of 8.0? (Zn(OH)2 , Ksp = 3.0 1017 ) 1. 5.0 106 2. 2.0 106 3. 4.0 109 4. 8.0 104 5. 3.0 105 correct Explanation: pH=8 means that pOH=6 and [OH ]=106 Ksp = [Zn2+ ][OH ]2 (solve for Zn2+ ) [Zn2+ ] = 3.0 1017 /(106)2 [Zn2+ ] = 3.0 105 M

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) 031 10.0 points A 0.20 M solution of Cu(NH3 )4 SO4 contains [Cu+2 ] = 9.2 104 M, [NH3 ] = 3.7 103 M, [Cu(NH3 )2+ ] = 0.20 M, and [SO2 ] = 0.20 4 4 M. What is the dissociation constant for the Cu(NH3 )2+ complex ion? 4 1. 3.4 1014 2. None of the other answers is correct 3. 4.4 1011 4. 1.7 1013 Explanation: 5. 8.6 1013 correct 2. 8.2 1019 correct 3. 2.7 1019 4. 9.1 1020 5. 3.0 1020 6. 4.2 1025 7. 5.9 1018 Explanation:

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034 10.0 points Four of the following factors can aect the forward rate of a chemical reaction. Which one cannot aect this rate? 1. concentration of reactants 2. particle size of solid reactants 3. temperature 4. removal of some of the products correct 5. presence of a catalyst Explanation: As long as reactants are present, the forward reaction can occur; the higher the reactant concentration, the faster the reaction can proceed. Other factors which increase reaction rates are increased temperature, increase in surface area of solid reactants and the presence of a catalyst. 035 10.0 points Calculate the potential for the cell indicated: Fe | Fe2+ (102 M) || Cu+ (102 M) | Cu Cu+ + e Cu E 0 = +0.210 V Fe2+ + 2 e Fe 1. 0.650 V 2. 0.591 V correct E 0 = 0.440 V

032 10.0 points The hydronium ion concentration of 0.05 M acetic acid is 9.4104 mol/L. What is of the pH of the solution? 1. 11.45 2. 1.30 3. 3.00 4. 4.97 5. 1.12 6. 3.03 correct 7. 1.00 Explanation: By denition, pH = log [hydrogen ion molarity]. = log 9.4 104 = 3.03 033 10.0 points A saturated solution of BiI3(s) is found to have an I concentration of 3.96 105 M. What is the value of Ksp for BiI3 ? 1. 6.6 1017

3. 0.709 V

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) 4. 0.620 V 5. 0.000 V Explanation: The overall reaction is Fe + 2Cu+ Fe2+ + 2Cu Please notice that since the concentrations are not 1 M, the Nernst equation must be used. In this cell notation, the anode is located on the left of the salt bridge || and the cathode on the right. So rst calculate
0 Ecell

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What are the main species in the solution after the addition of 35 mL of HClO4 ? 1. HCO , Na+ , and ClO . 4 3 2. H2 CO3 , Na+ , and ClO . 4 3. CO2 , Na+ , and ClO . 4 3 4. HCO , H2 CO3 , Na+ , and ClO . 4 3 5. CO2 , HCO3 , Na+ , and ClO . cor4 3 rect Explanation: 037 A reaction 3 A2+ + 2 B 3 A + 2 B3+ is used to make a battery. The standard Gibbs free energy change for the given reaction is 655 kJ. What is the standard potential (E 0) for the battery? 1. 1.532 2. 1.47 3. 1.107 4. 1.313 5. 1.131 6. 1.363 7. 1.662 8. 1.054 9. 1.696 10. 1.401 Correct answer: 1.131 volts. Explanation: 038 10.0 points A solution with a higher pH is more acidic. 1. False correct 2. True 10.0 points

= Ecathode = +0.210 V (0.440) V = 0.65 V 0.05916 = log Q n [Fe2+ ] 0.05916 log = 0.65 V 2 [Cu+ ]2 102 0.05916 log = 0.65 V 2 104 = 0.59084 V
0 Ecell

0 Eanode

Using the Nernst Equation Ecell

036 10.0 points The titration curve for the titration of 0.5 M Na2 CO3 (aq) with 0.5 M HClO4 (aq) is given below. 14 12 10 8 pH 6 4 2 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Volume of acid (mL)

3. The answer cannot be determined without additional information. Explanation:

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) pH = log [H3 O+ ], so as [H3 O] increases, pH decreases. 039 10.0 points The phase diagram for a pure substance is given below. 300 Pressure, atm 250 200 150 100 50 Vapor 100 200 300 Temperature, K 400 Solid 041 10.0 points What is the conjugate base of ammonia? 1. NH+ 4 2. NH3 3. NH2 OH 4. OH 5. NH correct 2 Explanation: Liquid 4. yellow-green 5. blue-green correct

13

Explanation: The pKa is 7.60 so that is where you would see green (50/50 blend of yellow and blue). You would see all yellow for pH 6.60 and lower, and all blue for pH 8.60 and above. The pH 8.1 given is on the basic side of the middle so it would have a blue-green color.

The substance is stored in a container at 150 atm at 25 C. Describe what happens if the container is opened at 25 C. 1. The liquid in the container freezes. 2. The vapor in the container escapes. 3. The solid in the container melts. 4. The solid in the container sublimes. 5. The liquid in the container vaporizes. correct Explanation: 040 10.0 points An indicator changes from yellow to blue going from its acidic (nonionized) form to its basic (ionized) form. The indicator has a Ka of 2.5 108 . At pH 8.1, this indicators color would best be discribed as which color? 1. blue 2. green 3. yellow

042 10.0 points The vapor pressure of water at 37 C is 47.1 torr and its enthalpy of vaporization is 44.0 kJmol1. Estimate the vapor pressure of water at 87 C. Assume the enthalpy of vaporization of water is independent of temperature. 1. 112 torr 2. 713 torr 3. 503 torr correct 4. 256 torr 5. 52 torr Explanation: T1 = 37 C + 273.15 = 310.15 K T2 = 87 C + 273.15 = 360.15 K Hvap = 44.0 kJ mol1 P1 = 47.1 torr Using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation,

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) P2 P1

14

ln

[Ba(OH)2] = 0.000158489/2 = 7.92447 105 M Note that the volume of 555 L is just some extra information not needed in the calculation. 044 Oxidation occurs 10.0 points

P2 = e2.36896 P1 P2 = P1 e2.36896 = (47.1 torr) e2.36896 = 503.323 torr 043 10.0 points What is the molarity of 555 L of a Ba(OH)2 solution if the pH is 10.20? 1. 7.92 105 M correct 2. 6.31 1011 M 3. 2.26 105 M 4. 1.58 104 M 5. 3.15 1011 M 6. 4.40 10
2

1. at both anode and cathode. 2. in the electrolyte. 3. at the cathode. 4. at either, depending on whether the cell is electrochemical or electrolytic. 5. at the anode. correct Explanation: 045 10.0 points Consider the reaction 2 Fe2 O3 (s) + 3 C(s) 4 Fe(s) + 3 CO2 (g) , H = 462 kJ, S = 558 J K1 . Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 525 C. 1. 2.18 102 2. 3.04 103 3. 1.9 106 4. 5.20 107 Explanation: 5. 8.07 102 correct

7. 3.14 104 M Explanation: pH = 10.2 VBa(OH)2 = 555 L First we need to calculate the concentration of OH : pOH = 14 pH = 14 10.2 = 3.8 [OH ] = 0.000158489 M OH The Ba(OH)2 delivers 2 hydroxides for every 1 Ba(OH)2 so the concentration of the Ba(OH)2 is 1/2 the overall hydroxide concentration. pOH = log[OH ] 8. 5.15 107 M

046 10.0 points The rate of formation of oxygen in the following reaction is 2.28 M/s. 2 N2O5 (g) 4 NO2 (g) + O2 (g)

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) What is the rate of formation of NO2 ? 1. 1.14 M/s 2. 4.56 M/s 3. 0.57 M/s 4. 9.12 M/s correct 5. 2.28 M/s Explanation: The NO2 forms at 4 the rate of the O2 . 047 10.0 points

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of H2 (g), and 1 mol of I2 (g) in a 2.0 liter reaction vessel and the following equilibrium is established: 2 HI(g) H2 (g) + I2 (g) If Kc = 10 for this reaction at the temperature of the equilibrium mixture, compute the equilibrium concentration of HI. 1. 0.240 M 2. 0.071 M 3. 0.295 M 4. 0.260 M 5. 0.145 M 6. 0.205 M correct 7. 0.429 M 8. 0.102 M Explanation: 1 mol [HI]ini = = 0.5 M 2L 1 mol = 0.5 M [H2 ]ini = 2L 1 mol [I2 ]ini = = 0.5 M 2L [H2 ] [I2 ] Q= [HI]2 (0.5) (0.5) = (0.5)2 = 1 < Kc = 10 Therefore equilibrium moves to the right. H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2 HI ini, M 0.5 0.5 0.5 , M 2x x x eq, M 0.5 2x 0.5 + x 0.5 + x (0.50 + x) (0.50 + x) = 10 (0.50 2x)2 0.5 + x = 10 0.50 2x 0.5 + x = 0.50 10 2 10 x x = 0.148

If one added 130 mL of 2 M NaOH to 1 L of a buer composed of 2.3 M NH3 and 3.2 M NH4 Cl, what would be the pH of the resulting solution? The Kb of NH3 is 1.8 105 . 1. 2.2 2. 9.2 correct 3. 11.8 4. 10.0 5. 4.8 Explanation: The general reaction that takes place is: BH+ + OH B + H2 O Initial amounts of each species are 3.2, 0.26 and 2.3 moles respectively. After the reaction goes to completion, the equilibrium amounts are 2.94, 0 and 2.56 moles respectively. There is no need to calculate the nal concentrations. For a buer composed of a weak base and its conjugate acid, [OH ] = Kb (Cb /Ca ) = 1.57 10 pOH = 4.8 pH = 9.2 = 1.8 105 (2.56 moles/2.94 moles)
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048 10.0 points Suppose we put 1.0 mol of HI(g), 1.0 mol

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) Explanation: [HI] = 0.5 2 x = 0.205 M 049 10.0 points What is the activation energy for a reaction if its rate constant is found to triple when the temperature is raised from 300 K to 310 K? 1. 84,900 J/mol correct 2. 20,300 J/mol 3. 195,600 J/mol 4. 418,400 J/mol 5. No other choice is within 3 percent. Explanation: T1 = 300 K k2 = 3 k1 k2 ln k1 T2 = 310 K = Ea R 1 1 T1 T2 051 10.0 points What is the Ecell of Zn(s) | Zn2+ (aq) || Ce4+ (aq) | Ce3+ (aq) Zn2+ + 2 e Zn Ce4+ + e Ce3+ 1. +2.37 correct 2. +0.85 3. 2.37 4. 0.85 5. +1.61 Explanation:

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Ered = 0.76 Ered = +1.61

k2 R ln k1 Ea = 1 1 + T1 T2 The rate constant tripled, so k2 = 3 k1 : (8.314 J/mol K) ln 3 Ea = 1 1 300 K 310 K = 84944 J/mol 050 10.0 points Choose the eective pH range of a pyridinepyridinium chloride buer. For pyridine, the value of Kb is 1.8 109 . 1. 10.3 to 12.3 2. 9.1 to 11.1 3. 1.4 to 3.4 4. 4.3 to 6.3 correct 5. 7.7 to 9.7

052 10.0 points The following gure represents the progress of a given reaction at 298 K. A B G E C D rxn progress At point B on this gure, what is the relationship of Q to K? 1. Q < K correct 2. Cannot be determined 3. Q = K 4. Q > K Explanation: Point B is on the reactants-heavy side of equilibrium, so Q is less than K. Note also

Version 056 Final Mccord (52450) that dG (slope) is negative here which means the reaction would be spontaneous in the forward direction. Spontaneous in a forward direction corresponds to Q being less than K.

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