LINES AND ANGLES

ANGLES
An angle is an inclination between two rays with the same initial point. The initial point is the vertex and the two rays are the arms of the angle. It is also thought of as the figure formed by rotating a single ray about its vertex.

TYPES OF ANGLES
ACCORDING TO THEIR MEASUREMENTS

OBTUSE ANGLE ACUTE ANGLE REFLEX ANGLE ANGLES ROUND A POINT

OBTUSE ANGLE: AN ANGLE BETWEEN 900 AND 1800 IS CALLED OBTUSE ANGLE. ACUTE ANGLE: AN ANGLE BETWEEN O0 AND 900 IS CALLED AN ACUTE ANGLE. REFLEX ANGLE: AN ANGLE BETWEEN I800 AND 3600 IS CALLED A REFLEX ANGLE.

THE SUM OF ALL THE ANGLES AT A POINT EACH BEING ADJACENT TO THE NEXT IS 3600 .

OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS OF ANGLES

ADJACENT ANGLES LINEAR PAIR VERTICALLY OPPOSITE ANGLES COMPLEMENTERY ANGLES SUPLEMENTERY ANGLES

ADJACENT ANGLES: IF TWO ANGLES IN THE SAME PLANE HAVE A COMMON VERTEX AND A COMMON SIDE; BUT HAVE INTERIORS WITH NO POINT IN COMMON, THE ANGLES ARE ADJACENT.

LINEAR PAIR: ADJACENT ANGLESWHOSE TWONON-COMMON ARMS AREOPPOSITE RAYS,FORM A LINEAR PAIR.

THE SUM OF ADJACENT ANGLES ON ONE SIDE OF IS 1800.

COMPLEMENTERY ANGLES: TWO ANGLES WHOSE SUM IS 900 ARE CALLED COMLEMENTERY ANGLES. EACH ANGLE IS CALLED COMPLEMENT OF THE OTHER.

SUPPLEMENTERY ANGLES:TWO ANGLES WHOSE SUM IS 180 ARE CALLED SUPPLEMENTERY ANGLES. EACH ANGLE IS CALLED SUPPLEMENT OF THE OTHER. NOTE:COMLEMENTERY ANGLES AND SUPPLEMENTERY ANGLES MAY OR MAY NOT BE ADJACENT.

VERTICALLY OPPOSITE ANGLES :THE ANGLES FORMED BY TWO INTERSECTING LINES HAVING NO COMMON ARMSARE SAID TO BE VERTICALLY OPPOSITE ANGLES. VERTICALLY OPPOSITE ANGLES ARE EQUAL.

PARALLEL LINES AND ANGLES

PARALLEL LINES: TWO LINES OR LINE SEGMENTS IN A PLANE WHICH DO NOT INTERSECT AND THE PERPENDICULAR DISTANCE BETWEEN THEM REMAINS CONSTANT ARE CALLED PARALLEL LINES. SYMBOL FOR PARALLEL IS || AND IS READ AS PARALLEL TO. TRANSVERSAL: A TRANSVERSAL IS A LINE THAT CUTS ACROSS(INTERSECTS) TWO OR MORE LINES IN DISTINCT POINTS. WHEN 2 PARALLEL LINES ARE CUT BY A TRANSVERSAL, SPECIAL PAIRS OF ANGLES ARE FORMED.

ANGLES FORMED BY THE TRANSVERSAL AND TWO PARALLEL LINES

WHEN PARALLEL LINES ARE CUT BY A TRANSVERSAL, ANGLES FORMED HAVE SPECIAL PROPERTIES!!!!!! LET l || m BE CUT BY TRANSVERSAL t. .. THEREFORE ANGLES FORMED; ALTERNATE ANGLES CORRESPONDING ANGLES CO-INTERIOR ANGLES

ALTERNATE ANGLES
THE ANGLES WHICH LIE BETWEEN THE TWO LINES AND ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE TRANSVERSAL ARE CALLED ALTERNATE ANGLES. X AND y ARE ALTERNATE ANGLES. IN CASE OF PARALLEL LINES ALTERNATE ANGLES ARE EQUAL.THESE ANGLES CAN BE RECOGNISED BY THE FACT THEY FORM THE LETTER F IN MANY WAYS.

CORRESPONDING ANGLES
THESE ANGLES ARE SO NAMED BECAUSE THEY CORROSPOND IN POSITION.THEY BOTH LIE EITHER ABOVE OR BELOW THE LINES ON THE SAME SIDE OF TRANSVERSAL. THE ANGLES IN THE PAIR OF ALTERNATE ANGLES WITH PARALLEL LINES ARE EQUAL.THESE ANGLES CAN BE RECOGNIZED BY THE FACT THAT

THEY FORM THE LETTER Z.

CO-INTERIOR ANGLES
THESE ANGLES ARE SO NAMED BECAUSE THEY LIE ON THE SAME SIDE OF THE TRANSVERSAL(CONSECUTIVE) AND INSIDE THE LINES(INTERIOR). IF A TRASVERSAL CUTS TWO PARALLEL LINES THEN THE SUM OF THE ANGLES ON THE SAME SIDE OF THE TRANSVERSAL IS EQUAL TO 180,i.e. , THESE ANGLES ARE SUPPLEMENTERY. LOOK FOR SHAPE C FOR CO-INTERIOR ANGLES.

TEST FOR PARALLEL LINES THE PROPERTIES OF PARALLEL LINES CAN BE USED TO FIND WHETHER THE GIVEN LINES ARE PARALLEL OR NOT. TWO LINES THAT ARE CUT BY A TRANSVERSAL ARE PARALLEL IF: ALTERNATE ANGLES ARE EQUAL CORROSPONDING ANGLES ARE EQUAL CO-INTERIOR ANGLES ARE SUPPLEMENTARY

EXERCISE
IN THE GIVEN FIGURE SHOW THAT AB || CD. GIVE REASONS.

FIND THE COMPLEMENT AND SUPPLEMENT OF 60. Ans. COMPLEMENT OF 60=30(.90-60=30) SUPPLEMENT OF 60=120(.180-60=120) NAME 2 PAIRS OF: 1. V.O.A. 2. ADJACENT ANGLES 3. SUPPLEMENTERY ANGLES ANSWER; 1. ANGLES 1 AND 4, ANGLES 2 AND 32. ANGLES 5 AND 6 , ANGLES 6 AND 8. 3. ANGLES 7 AND 8 AND ANGLES 1 AND 2.

FIND ANGLES a, b, c AND d. ANSWER. ANGLE c =55 (CORROSPONDING ANGLES) ANGLE d =ANGLE c (CORROSPONDING ANGLES) ANGLE d=55 ANGLE 1+(ANGLE c+ 45 )=180 (ADJACENT ANGLES ON STRAIGHT LINE) ANGLE 1 +(55 +45)=180 ANGLE 1 + 100 = 180 ANGLE 1 = 180 -100 ANGLE 1=80 ANGLE1=ANGLE b 80 = ANGLE b ANGLE 2 = ANGLE d ANGLE 2 = 55

ANGLE a + (ANGLE b + ANGLE 2)=180 (ANGLE SUM PROPERTY) ANGLE a + (80 + 55 )=180 ANGLE a + 135 = 180 ANGLE a = (180-135) ANGLE a = 45
THEREFORE; ANGLE a =45, ANGLE b=80, ANGLE c = 55 AND ANGLE d =55 .

FIND THE VALUE OF x. ALSO FIND ANGLE AOC AND ANGLE BOC (2x-10)+(3x+20) =180(LINEAR PAIR) 2x- 10 + 3x + 20 = 180 2x + 3x 10 + 20 = 180 5x + 10 = 180 5x =180 - 10 5x =170 x =170/5 x =34 ANGLE AOC=2x-10=2(34)-10= (68-10) = 58 ANGLE BOC=3x+20=3(34)+20=(102+20) =120

CONCLUSION
AN ANGLE IS AN INCLATION BETWEEN TWO RAYS WITH THE SAME INITIAL POINT. THE INITIAL POINT IS THE VERTEX AND THE TWO RAYS ARE THE ARMS OF THE ANGLE AN ANGLE IS ALSO THOUGHT OF AS THE FIGURE FORMED BHY ROTATING A SINGLE RAY ABOUT ITS VERTEX. TWO ANGLES ARE SAID TO BE SUPPLEMENTARY IF THE SUM OF THEIR MEASURES IS 180.

TWO ANGLES ARE SAID TO BE COMPLEMENTARY IF THE SUM OF THEIR MEASURES IS 90 TWO ANGLES WITH THE SAME VERTEX,ONE ARM COMMON AND OTHER ARMS LYING ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE COMMON ARM ARE CALLED ADJACENT. TWO ADJACENT ANGLES ARE SAID TO FORM A LINEAR PAIR OF ANGLES IF THEIR NON-COMMON ARMS ARE TWO OPPOSITE RAYS. IF A RAY STANDS ON A LINE THEN THE SUM OF THE ADJACENT ANGLES SO FORMED IS 180. THE SUM OF ALL ANGLES FORMED ON THE SAME SIDE OF A LINE AT A GIVEN POINT ON THE LINE IS 180. THE SUM OF ALL ANGLES AROUND A POINT IS 360. TWO ANGLES ARE CALLED A PAIR OF VERTICALLY OPPOSITE ANGLES IF THEIR ARMS FORM TWO PAIRS OF OPPOSITE RAYS. IF TWO LINES INTERSECT EACH-OTHER THEN THE VERTICALLY OPPOSITE ANGLES ARE EQUAL.

TWO LINES ARE SAID TO BE PARALLEL IF THEY LIE IN THE SAME PLANE AND THEY DONOT INTERSECT,HOWEVER FAR THEY ARE EXTENDED. THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL LINES REMAINS THE SAME EVERYWHERE. A LINE WHICH INTERSECTS TWO OR MORE LINES AT DISTINCT POINTS IS CALLED TRANSVERSAL. IF TWO PARALLEL LINES ARE INTERSECTED BY A TRANSVERSAL THEN THE ANGLES OF EACH PAIR OF CORRESPONDING ANGLES ARE EQUAL; THE ANGLES OF EACH PAIR OF ALTERNATE INTERIOR ANGLES ARE EQUAL; THE SUM OF THE CONSECUTIVE ANGLES IS 180;

CONVERSELY: IF TWO LINES ARE INTERSECTED BY A TRANVERSAL SUCH THAT I. THE ANGLES OF ANY PAIR OF CORRESPONDING ANGLES ARE EQUAL; II. OR THE ANGLES OF ANY PAIR OF ALTERNATE INTERIOR ANGLES ARE EQUAL III. OR THE SUM OF THE CONSECUTIVE INTERIOR ANGLES IS 180 THEN THE TWO LINES ARE PARALLEL

THANK YOU!!!!!!

VIII-A ROLL NO. 2

ADITI MANN