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    Ewate

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    Jeyakannan Vithya
    The document discusses e-waste management in India. It notes that as electronic consumption increases globally and in India, e-waste is growing rapidly as well. In India, e-waste was estimated to be 146,180 tonnes in 2005 and is projected to exceed 800,000 tonnes by 2012. Sixty-five cities generate over 60% of India's e-waste, and ten states produce 70% of the national total. Common electronic components that end up as e-waste include plastic, circuit boards, batteries, and materials like mercury, lead, and flame retardants. However, India lacks formal e-waste recycling facilities to deal with rising quantities in an environmentally sound manner.

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    Ewate

    Uploaded by

    Jeyakannan Vithya
    78 views4 pages
    The document discusses e-waste management in India. It notes that as electronic consumption increases globally and in India, e-waste is growing rapidly as well. In India, e-waste was estimated to be 146,180 tonnes in 2005 and is projected to exceed 800,000 tonnes by 2012. Sixty-five cities generate over 60% of India's e-waste, and ten states produce 70% of the national total. Common electronic components that end up as e-waste include plastic, circuit boards, batteries, and materials like mercury, lead, and flame retardants. However, India lacks formal e-waste recycling facilities to deal with rising quantities in an environmentally sound manner.

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    The document discusses e-waste management in India. It notes that as electronic consumption increases globally and in India, e-waste is growing rapidly as well. In India, e-waste was estimated to be 146,180 tonnes in 2005 and is projected to exceed 800,000 tonnes by 2012. Sixty-five cities generate over 60% of India's e-waste, and ten states produce 70% of the national total. Common electronic components that end up as e-waste include plastic, circuit boards, batteries, and materials like mercury, lead, and flame retardants. However, India lacks formal e-waste recycling facilities to deal with rising quantities in an environmentally sound manner.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    78 views4 pages

    Ewate

    Uploaded by

    Jeyakannan Vithya
    The document discusses e-waste management in India. It notes that as electronic consumption increases globally and in India, e-waste is growing rapidly as well. In India, e-waste was estimated to be 146,180 tonnes in 2005 and is projected to exceed 800,000 tonnes by 2012. Sixty-five cities generate over 60% of India's e-waste, and ten states produce 70% of the national total. Common electronic components that end up as e-waste include plastic, circuit boards, batteries, and materials like mercury, lead, and flame retardants. However, India lacks formal e-waste recycling facilities to deal with rising quantities in an environmentally sound manner.

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    E-WASTE MANAGEMENT Introduction The Electronic industry is the worlds largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry, which

    shows that there is an increase of Electronic goods consumption. Thus the increase in consumption rates of electronic and electrical products are leading to growing rate of ewaste.

    E-waste scenario Globally, WEEE/ E-waste are most commonly used terms for electronic waste. At UNEP web site, it is cited that e-waste is a generic term encompassing various forms of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) that are old, end-oflife electronic appliances and have ceased to be of any value to their owners. There is no standard definition of WEEE/E-waste. A number of countries have come out with their own definitions, interpretation and usage of the term Ewaste/WEEE. The most widely accepted definition of WEEE/ E-waste is as per EU directive, which is followed in member countries of European Union and other countries of Europe. At first WEEE/E-waste definition as per EU directive has been described followed by description of definitions in Canada, Japan, USA, Basel Convention and OECD. Indian Scenario The electronics industry has emerged as the fastest growing segment of Indian industry both in terms of production and exports. The share of software services in electronics and IT sector has gone up from 38.7 per cent in 1998-99 to 61.8 percent in 2003-04. A review of the industry statistics show that in 199091, hardware accounted for nearly 50% of total IT revenues while software's share was 22%. The scenario changed by 1994-95, with hardware share falling to 38% and software's share rising to 41%. This shift in the IT industry began with

    liberalization, and the opening up of Indian markets together with which there was a change in Indias import policies vis--vis hardware leading to substitution of domestically produced hardware by imports. Since the early 1990s, the software industry has been growing at a compound annual growth rate of over 46% (supply chain management, 1999). Output of computers in value terms, for example, increased by 36.0, 19.7 and 57.6 per cent in 2000-01, 200203, and
    17

    2003-04, respectively. Within this segment, the IT industry is prime mover with an annual growth rate of 42.4% between 1995 and 2000. By the end of financial year 2005-06, India had an installed base of 4.64 million desktops, about 431 thousand notebooks and 89 thousand servers. According to the estimates made by the Manufacturers Association of Information Technology (MAIT) the Indian PC industry is growing at a 25% compounded annual growth rate. The e-waste inventory based on this obsolescence rate and installed base in India for the year 2005 has been estimated to be 146180.00 tonnes. This is expected to exceed 8,00,000 tonnes by 2012. There is a lack of authentic and comprehensive data on e-waste availability for domestic generation of ewaste and the various State Pollution Control Boards have initiated the exercise to collect data on e-waste generation. Sixty-five cities in India generate more than 60% of the total e-waste generated in India. Ten states generate 70% of the total e-waste generated in India. Maharashtra ranks first followed by Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab in the list of e-waste generating states in India. Among top ten cities generating ewaste, Mumbai ranks first followed by Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad,

    Hyderabad, Pune, Surat and Nagpur. There are two small e-waste dismantling facilities are functioning in Chennai and Bangalore. There is no large scale organized e-waste recycling facility in India and the entire recycling exists in unorganized sector. Basis for Defining e-waste E-waste definition is driven by three major drivers as given below: 1. Definition of electrical and electronic equipment 2. Description of its loss of utility 3. Way of disposal E-waste has been categorized into three main categories, Viz. Large Household Appliances, IT and Telecom and Consumer Equipment. Refrigerator and Washing Machine represent large household appliances, Personal Computer, Monitor and Laptop represent IT and Telecom, while Television represents Consumer Equipment. Large household appliance (refrigerator) may consist of electric motor, a circuit board, a transformer, capacitor, thermal insulation, switches, wiring, plastic casing that contain flame retardants etc. A typical washing machine may consist of the metal casing, concrete ballast, inner and outer drums, a motor, a pump, washing cycle controller unit, switches and other components. The latest trends in these appliances is the phase out of the use of ODS and improvement of energy efficiency. Old washing machines are likely to contain large capacitors, while in relatively new machines, variable speed motors are controlled from the circuit board. IT and Telecom equipments sector is observing a trend of micro miniaturization, while CRTs are being replaced by LCD screens. Table 5.1 indicates that the range of different items found in E-waste is diverse classifying it a waste of complex nature. However, it shows that E-waste from these items can

    be dismantled into relatively small number of common components for further treatments. The composition and hazard content of each of these components is being described in following section to establish the overall hazardousness of each item of E-waste. 1. Plastic, circuit board and external electric cables are present in majority of items. BFR containing plastic is present in refrigerator, laptop and television. 2. Refrigerators are unique items because of presence of CFC/HCFC/HFC/HC, cooling, insulation, incandescent lamp and compressor. 3. Heating element is found in washing machine, while thermostat is found in both refrigerator and washing machine. 4. Fluorescent lamp is found only in laptop 5. Metal and motor are found in majority of items except refrigerator 6. Transformer is not found in washing machine and refrigerator 7. CRT is found in personal computer and TV, while LCD is found in PC and TV 8. Batteries are found in PC and laptop 9. Concrete is found in washing machine 10. Rubber is found in refrigerator and washing machine 11. Wiring/ Electrical is found in all the items

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