S12 Physics 2B

CHAPTER 28 Solutions

Chapter 28 Easy
4. (a) We use Eq. 28-3: FB = |q| vB sin = (+ 3.2 1019 C) (550 m/s) (0.045 T) (sin 52) = 6.2 1018 N. (b) The acceleration is a = FB/m = (6.2 10 18 N) / (6.6 10 27 kg) = 9.5 108 m/s2.

(c) Since it is perpendicular to v , FB does not do any work on the particle. Thus from the work-energy theorem both the kinetic energy and the speed of the particle remain unchanged.
5. Using Eq. 28-2 and Eq. 3-30, we obtain

! F = q ( vx By ! vy Bx ) k = q ( vx (3Bx ) ! vy Bx ) k

where we use the fact that By = 3Bx. Since the force (at the instant considered) is Fz k where Fz = 6.4 1019 N, then we are led to the condition
q 3v x ! v y Bx = Fz "

Bx =

Fz q 3v x ! v y

Substituting vx = 2.0 m/s, vy = 4.0 m/s, and q = 1.6 1019 C, we obtain

Bx = Fz 6.4 "10!19 N = = !2.0 T. q(3v x ! v y ) (!1.6 "10!19 C)[3(2.0 m/s) ! 4.0 m]

! ! ! ! 14. For a free charge q inside the metal strip with velocity v we have F = q E + v ! B .

We set this force equal to zero and use the relation between (uniform) electric field and potential difference. Thus,

(3.90 "10!9 V) E Vx !Vy d xy v= = = = 0.382 m s. B B (1.20 "10!3 T) (0.850 "10!2 m)

875

S12 Physics 2B 17. (a) Using Eq. 28-16, we obtain

CHAPTER 28 Solutions

2 ( 4.50 !10 "2 m ) (1.60 !10 "19 C) (1.20 T ) rqB 2eB v= = = = 2.60 !10 6 m s . "27 m! 4.00 u ( 4.00 u) (1.66 !10 kg u)

(b) T = 2r/v = 2(4.50 102 m)/(2.60 106 m/s) = 1.09 107 s. (c) The kinetic energy of the alpha particle is

( 4.00 u) (1.66 !10"27 kg u) (2.60 !10 6 m s) 1 2 K = m! v = = 1.40 !10 5 eV . "19 2 2 (1.60 !10 J eV)
(d) V = K/q = 1.40 105 eV/2e = 7.00 104 V. 22. Using Eq. 28-16, the radius of the circular path is

r=

mv 2mK = qB qB

where K = mv 2 / 2 is the kinetic energy of the particle. Thus, we see that K = (rqB)2/2m q2m1. (a) K = q q p (b) K d = qd q p

) (m ) (m
2

m ) K p = ( 2 ) (1 4 ) K p = K p = 1.0MeV; md ) K p = (1) (1 2 ) K p = 1.0 MeV 2 = 0.50MeV.

2

39. (a) The magnitude of the magnetic force on the wire is given by FB = iLB sin , where i is the current in the wire, L is the length of the wire, B is the magnitude of the magnetic field, and is the angle between the current and the field. In this case = 70. Thus, FB = ( 5000 A ) (100 m ) ( 60.0 !10 "6 T ) sin 70 = 28.2 N .

(b) We apply the right-hand rule to the vector product FB = iL B to show that the force is to the west.

S12 Physics 2B

CHAPTER 28 Solutions

42. (a) From symmetry, we conclude that any x-component of force will vanish (evaluated over the entirety of the bent wire as shown). By the right-hand rule, a field in the k direction produces on each part of the bent wire a y-component of force pointing in the direction; each of these components has magnitude j

" | Fy | = i! | B | sin 30 = (2.0 A)(2.0 m)(4.0 T)sin 30 = 8 N.

Therefore, the force on the wire shown in the figure is (16 N . j) 45. The magnetic force on the wire is

! ! ! FB = iL! B = iL ! By Bz k = iL "Bz By k i j+ j+

) (

)
)

= 0.500A 0.500m #" 0.0100T 0.00300T k % j+ $ & = "2.50!10"3 j+0.750!10"3 k N.

)(

) (

) (

49. The applied field has two components: Bx > 0 and Bz > 0. Considering each straight segment of the rectangular coil, we note that Eq. 28-26 produces a nonzero force only for the component of B that is perpendicular to that segment; we also note that the equation is effectively multiplied by N = 20 due to the fact that this is a 20-turn coil. Since we wish to compute the torque about the hinge line, we can ignore the force acting on the straight segment of the coil that lies along the y axis (forces acting at the axis of rotation produce no torque about that axis). The top and bottom straight segments experience forces due to Eq. 28-26 (caused by the Bz component), but these forces are (by the right-hand rule) in the y directions and are thus unable to produce a torque about the y axis. Consequently, the torque derives completely from the force exerted on the straight segment located at x = 0.050 m, which has length L = 0.10 m and is shown in Figure 28-44 carrying current in the y direction. Now, the Bz component will produce a force on this straight segment which points in the x direction (back towards the hinge) and thus will exert no torque about the hinge. However, the Bx component (which is equal to B cos where B = 0.50 T and = 30) produces a force equal to NiLBx that points (by the right-hand rule) in the +z direction. Since the action of this force is perpendicular to the plane of the coil, and is located a distance x away from the hinge, then the torque has magnitude

! = ( NiLBx ) ( x ) = NiLxB cos! = ( 20) (0.10 A) (0.10 m) (0.050 m) (0.50 T) cos30 = 0.0043 N ! m .
! ! ! Since ! = r ! F, the direction of the torque is y. In unit-vector notation, the torque is ! ! = (!4.3"10!3 N# m) . j

S12 Physics 2B

CHAPTER 28 Solutions

Medium
10. (a) The net force on the proton is given by

! ! ! ! ! ! F = FE + FB = qE + qv ! B = 1.60 !10"19 C # 4.00 V m k+ 2000 m s "2.50 !10"3 T % j! i& $ = 1.44 !10"18 N k.

)(

) (

) (

(b) In this case, we have

! ! ! ! ! ! F = FE + FB = qE + qv ! B = 1.60 !10"19 C # "4.00 V m k + 2000 m s "2.50 mT % j! i& $ = 1.60 !10"19 N k.

( (

)( )

) (

) (

(c) In the final case, we have

! ! ! ! ! ! F = FE + FB = qE + qv ! B = 1.60 !10"19 C # 4.00 V m 2000 m s "2.50 mT % i+ j! i& $ = 6.41!10"19 N 8.01!10"19 N k. i+

( (

)( ) (

) (

) (

15. (a) We seek the electrostatic field established by the separation of charges (brought on by the magnetic force). With Eq. 28-10, we define the magnitude of the electric field as

! ! | E | = v | B | = 20.0 m/s 0.030 T = 0.600 V/m .

)(

Its direction may be inferred from Figure 28-8; its direction is opposite to that defined by v B . In summary, ! E = !(0.600 V m)k

! ! ! ! which insures that F = q E + v ! B vanishes.

(b) Equation 28-9 yields V = Ed = (0.600 V/m)(2.00 m) = 1.20 V .

S12 Physics 2B

CHAPTER 28 Solutions

26. We consider the point at which it enters the field-filled region, velocity vector pointing downward. The field points out of the page so that v B points leftward, which indeed seems to be the direction it is pushed; therefore, q > 0 (it is a proton).

! (a) Equation 28-17 becomes T = 2! mp / e | B | , or

2# 1.67!10"27 = ! 1.60!10"19 | B |

2 130!10

"9

which yields B = 0.252 T .

(b) Doubling the kinetic energy implies multiplying the speed by 2 . Since the period T does not depend on speed, then it remains the same (even though the radius increases by a factor of 2 ). Thus, t = T/2 = 130 ns. 33. (a) If v is the speed of the positron then v sin is the component of its velocity in the plane that is perpendicular to the magnetic field. Here is the angle between the velocity and the field (89). Newtons second law yields eBv sin = me(v sin )2/r, where r is the radius of the orbit. Thus r = (mev/eB) sin . The period is given by

2! 9.11"10#31 kg 2!r 2!me T= = = = 3.58"10#10 s. #19 v sin ! eB 1.60"10 C 0.100T

)(

The equation for r is substituted to obtain the second expression for T. (b) The pitch is the distance traveled along the line of the magnetic field in a time interval 1 of one period. Thus p = vT cos . We use the kinetic energy to find the speed: K = 2 me v 2 means

2 2.00!103 eV 1.60!10"19 J eV 2K v= = = 2.65!107 m s . "31 me 9.11!10 kg

Thus,
p = 2.65!107 m s 3.58 !10"10 s cos 89 = 1.66 !10"4 m .

)(

)(

(c) The orbit radius is

9.11!10"31 kg 2.65!107 m s sin89 me v sin ! R= = = 1.51!10"3 m . "19 eB 1.60 !10 C 0.100 T

)(

)(

S12 Physics 2B 34. (a) Equation 3-20 gives = cos 1(2/19) = 84.

CHAPTER 28 Solutions

(b) No, the magnetic field can only change the direction of motion of a free (unconstrained) particle, not its speed or its kinetic energy. (c) No, as reference to Fig. 28-11 should make clear. (d) We find v = v sin = 61.3 m/s, so r = mv /eB = 5.7 nm.

52. The insight central to this problem is that for a given length of wire (formed into a rectangle of various possible aspect ratios), the maximum possible area is enclosed when the ratio of height to width is 1 (that is, when it is a square). The maximum possible value for the width, the problem says, is x = 4 cm (this is when the height is very close to zero, so the total length of wire is effectively 8 cm). Thus, when it takes the shape of a square the value of x must be of 8 cm; that is, x = 2 cm when it encloses maximum area (which leads to a maximum torque by Eq. 28-35 and Eq. 28-37) of A = (0.020 m)2 = 0.00040 m2. Since N = 1 and the torque in this case is given as 4.8 10 4 N m , then the aforementioned equations lead immediately to i = 0.0030 A.

S12 Physics 2B

CHAPTER 28 Solutions

! 63. The magnetic dipole moment is = 0.60 ! 0.80 , where i j

= NiA = Nir2 = 1(0.20 A)(0.080 m)2 = 4.02 103 Am2.

Here i is the current in the loop, N is the number of turns, A is the area of the loop, and r is its radius. (a) The torque is

! ! ! ! = ! B = 0.60 " 0.80 ! 0.25 + 0.30 k i j i

) (

) ( )

= #( 0.60 ) ( 0.30 ) ! k " ( 0.80 ) ( 0.25) " ( 0.80 ) ( 0.30 ) k % i j! i j! & $ = #"0.18 + 0.20 k " 0.24 %. j i& $

( )

Here k = = k, and k = are used. We also use = 0 . Now, we i j, j i j i i i substitute the value for to obtain
! ! = !9.7 "10!4 ! 7.2 "10!4 8.0 "10!4 k N # m. i j+

(b) The orientation energy of the dipole is given by

! ! U = ! " B = ! 0.60 ! 0.80 " 0.25 i j i+0.30k

)(

= ! ( 0.60 ) ( 0.25) = !0.15 = !6.0 #10 !4 J.

Here = 1, k = 0, = 0, and k = 0 are used. i i i j i j 79. (a) Since K = qV we have K p = 1 K as q = 2K p , or K p / K = 0.50. 2 (b) Similarly, q = 2 K d , K d / K = 0.50. (c) Since r = 2mK qB mK q , we have

rd =

md K d q p rp = m p K p qd

( 2.00u ) K p r = 10 (1.00u ) K p p

2 cm = 14 cm.

(d) Similarly, for the alpha particle, we have

r! =

m! K! q p rp = m p K p q!

(4.00u ) K er =10 (1.00u ) ( K 2) 2e

!
p

2 cm =14 cm.

S12 Physics 2B

CHAPTER 28 Solutions

80. (a) The largest value of force occurs if the velocity vector is perpendicular to the field. Using Eq. 28-3, FB,max = |q| vB sin (90) = ev B = (1.60 10 19 C) (7.20 106 m/s) (83.0 10 3 T) = 9.56 10 14 N. (b) The smallest value occurs if they are parallel: FB,min = |q| vB sin (0) = 0.
(c) By Newtons second law, a = FB/me = |q| vB sin /me, so the angle between v and B is

) , "ma% (9.11(10!31 kg) 4.90 (1014 m s2 !1 + e . = 0.267. ' = sin ! = sin $ $ q vB ' + (1.60 (10 !16 C) ( 7.20 (10 6 m s) (83.0 (10 !3 T ) . # & * !1

! ! ! 86. (a) We are given B = Bx = (6 !10"5T) , so that v ! B = "vy Bx k where vy = 4104 m/s. i i

We note that the magnetic force on the electron is (!e) !vy Bx k and therefore points in

the + k direction, at the instant the electron enters the field-filled region. In these terms, Eq. 28-16 becomes me v y r= = 0.0038 m. e Bx
(b) One revolution takes T = 2r/vy = 0.60 s, and during that time the drift of the electron in the x direction (which is the pitch of the helix) is x = vxT = 0.019 m where vx = 32 103 m/s. (c) Returning to our observation of force direction made in part (a), we consider how this is perceived by an observer at some point on the x axis. As the electron moves away from him, he sees it enter the region with positive vy (which he might call upward) but pushed in the +z direction (to his right). Hence, he describes the electrons spiral as clockwise.

S12 Physics 2B

CHAPTER 28 Solutions

Hard
! ! 12. (a) The force due to the electric field ( F = qE ) is distinguished from that associated ! ! ! with the magnetic field ( F = qv ! B ) in that the latter vanishes when the speed is zero and the former is independent of speed. The graph shows that the force (y-component) is negative at v = 0 (specifically, its value is 2.0 1019 N there), which (because q = e) implies that the electric field points in the +y direction. Its magnitude is

E=

Fnet, y |q|

2.0 1019 N = 1.25 N/C = 1.25 V/m . 1.6 1019 C

(b) We are told that the x and z components of the force remain zero throughout the motion, implying that the electron continues to move along the x axis, even though magnetic forces generally cause the paths of charged particles to curve (Fig. 28-11). The exception to this is discussed in Section 28-3, where the forces due to the electric and magnetic fields cancel. This implies (Eq. 28-7) B = E/v = 2.50 10 2 T.

! ! ! ! ! ! ! For F = qv ! B to be in the opposite direction of F = qE we must have v ! B in the ! opposite direction from E, which points in the +y direction, as discussed in part (a). Since the velocity is in the +x direction, then (using the right-hand rule) we conclude that ^ ^ ^ the magnetic field must point in the +z direction ( i k = j ). In unit-vector notation, we ! have B = (2.50!10"2 T) k .

S12 Physics 2B

CHAPTER 28 Solutions

16. We note that B must be along the x axis because when the velocity is along that axis there is no induced voltage. Combining Eq. 28-7 and Eq. 28-9 leads to

d=

V V = E vB

! ! ! where one must interpret the symbols carefully to ensure that d , v, and B are mutually perpendicular. Thus, when the velocity if parallel to the y axis the absolute value of the ! voltage (which is considered in the same direction as d ) is 0.012 V, and

d = dz =

0.012 V = 0.20 m . (3.0 m/s)(0.020 T)

On the other hand, when the velocity is parallel to the z axis the absolute value of the appropriate voltage is 0.018 V, and

d = dy =
Thus, our answers are

0.018 V = 0.30 m . (3.0 m/s)(0.020 T)

(a) dx = 25 cm (which we arrive at by elimination, since we already have figured out dy and dz ), (b) dy = 30 cm, and (c) dz = 20 cm.

48. We use dFB = idL B , where dL = dx and B = Bx + By . Thus, i j i

! ! ! FB = ! i dL " B = = #5.0A

xf xi

xf i dx " Bx + By = i ! By dxk i i j

xi

) ( ! (8.0x dx) ( m$ mT)) k = (#0.35N)k.

3.0 2 1.0