Che Lab Evaporator
Che Lab Evaporator
Che Lab Evaporator
action in the evaporator and the determination of capacity and economy as they are affected by operating pressure. Introduction: The experiment is the large glass evaporator. Water is evaporated in a long tube surrounded by a steam jacket. The boiling mixture of liquid and water vapor enters a spherical separator. The vapor flows on to a condenser whilst the water portion drops into the center section of the evaporator and is recirculated. A water-driven aspirator is used to evacuate the apparatus for reduced pressure runs. Steam used for heating has its pressure controlled with a pressure regulator (please do not change the set pressure). Water level in the evaporator is manually controlled by monitoring its level in the central glass column. Open the ball valve for not more than 5 seconds at a time to admit city water into the equipment and close it again Experimental: To set the operating pressure, first turn on the aspirator drive water valve. Adjust the position of three-way vacuum valve located on the evaporator top product accumulator section, and set the desired vacuum with the vacuum regulator. Starting with the highest vacuum, at least 3 data points including one for the atmospheric pressure is required to plot the graphs of efficiency, economy, and capacity versus pressure. Use a graduated cylinder and a stop watch to determine the volumetric flow rate of vapor product and the heating steam. The collection time is decided by the rate of the vapor condensed in the condenser, the lower the operating pressure, the higher is the rate of the vapor condensed. At the completion of the experiment notify the instructor to shut off the system. Do not leave the equipment before the shut off completed. Open and leave the evaporator drain valves on.
Sample Calculations: Heating Steam Pressure vs. Feed Temperature Plot Fahrenheit-Celsius Conversion T=212 deg. F T(deg C)=(5/9)*(212-32)=100 deg C Pressure Conversion from inHg gauge to KPa absolute PG = -7.2 inHg
Steam Capacity
Interpolated steam table values to obtain specific volume P= 76.8 KPa; T=92.8 C V=2140.8888887200005 cm3/kg **1 cm3=1mL** ( )
Capacity
1.6 1.4 Capacity (kg/h) 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 10 20 30 Vacuum (KPa) 40 50 Capacity Poly. (Capacity)
Steam Economy **For given steam condensate flow rate, conversion to kg/h is done in the same manner as for vapor condensate results are in table above** P= 76.8 KPa; T=92.8 C; capacity=0.187113927 kg/h; kg/h steam used =2.688183432 kg/h
Economy
0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0 10 20 30 Vacuum (KPa) 40 50
Economy
Efficiency
=Enthalpy of vapor= 2663KJ/kg =Enthalpy of saturated vapor = 2676KJ/kg = Temperature of saturated liquid =373.15 K =Temperature of liquid=365.9K = Enthalpy steam = 2703 KJ/kg =Enthalpy condensed steam = 495.2 KJ/kg ( )=
Heat Absorbed by Process Fluid Values in the numerator obtained from steam table Heat Supplied by Steam (@12 psig) 12 psig 620.6 mmHg gauge 29.9 inHg 759.5 mmHg atmosphere PABS= (620.6+759.5) mmHg gauge = 1380.1 mmHg abs
( ( ( )(
) ) )
TFsat (K)
373.15
Hs (KJ/kg ) 2702.6 66
Numerator (KJ)
5922.852115 0.000000
Highlighted Data was removed from plot Efficiency plotted is in fraction form
Efficiency
0.009 0.008 0.007 Efficiency 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 0 0 20 40 60 Vacuum (KPa) Efficiency Poly. (Efficiency)