Master's Thesis Defense: Comparison of Noncoherent Detectors For SOQPSK and GMSK in Phase Noise Channels
Master's Thesis Defense: Comparison of Noncoherent Detectors For SOQPSK and GMSK in Phase Noise Channels
Master's Thesis Defense: Comparison of Noncoherent Detectors For SOQPSK and GMSK in Phase Noise Channels
Afzal Syed August 17, 2007 Committee Dr. Erik Perrins (Chair) Dr. Glenn Prescott Dr. Daniel Deavours
Publications
Resulting from this work A. Syed and E. Perrins, Comparison of Noncoherent Detectors for SOQPSK and GMSK in Phase Noise Channels, to appear in Proceedings of the International Telemetry Conference (ITC), Las Vegas, NV, October 22-25, 2007. Other A. Syed, K. Demarest, D. Deavours, Effects of Antenna Material on the Performance of UHF RFID Tags, In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on RFID (IEEE-RFID), Grapevine, TX, March 26-28, 2007.
Outline
Motivation for this thesis/Research Objectives Introduction Coherent Detection Reduced Complexity Coherent Detectors Noncoherent Detection Algorithm Serially Concatenated Systems Simulation Results Conclusions Future work
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Research Objectives
Develop reduced complexity noncoherent detectors for SOQPSK and GMSK. Quantify performance of SOQPSK and GMSK in channels with phase noise for uncoded and coded systems which use these schemes as inner codes. Determine which is to be preferred for a given requirement.
Outline
Motivation for this thesis/Research Objectives Introduction
CPM SOQPSK GMSK
Coherent Detection Reduced Complexity Coherent Detectors Noncoherent detection algorithm Serially Concatenated Systems Simulation Results Conclusions Future work
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Introduction : CPM
Q CPM Characteristics
Constant envelope Continuous phase Memory
Advantages
Simple transmitter Power efficient Bandwidth efficient Flexible Suitable for non-linear power amplifiers
Introduction : CPM
Signal representation
Introduction : CPM
Applications
Aeronautical telemetry Deep-space communication Bluetooth Wireless modems Satellite communication Battery-powered communication
Introduction : SOQPSK
Similar to OQPSK where I and Q bits are transmitted in offset fashion.
1 1
Q
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I
0 1 1
Q
0
00
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Introduction : SOQPSK
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Introduction : GMSK
GMSK is another widely used CPM. Can achieve tradeoff between bandwidth efficiency, power efficiency, and detector complexity by appropriately configuring the BT product. GMSK is binary (M = 2) with h = . We study 2 types of GMSK
GMSK with BT = 0.3 (L = 3) GMSK with BT = 0.25 (L= 4)
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Introduction : GMSK
GMSK has a Gaussian frequency pulse shape
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Outline
Motivation for this thesis/Research Objectives Introduction Coherent Detection
A closer look at the phase of the signal Maximum-Likelihood (ML) Decoding
Reduced Complexity Coherent Detectors Noncoherent detection algorithm Serially Concatenated Systems Simulation Results Conclusions Future work
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(t ) = 2h i q(t iT ) = h i + 2h
i =0
n L
q(t iT )
i
n L
(t )
Symbols older than L symbol times indicate the phase of the signal at the beginning of symbol interval (cumulative phase). Phase change depends on the most recent L symbols (correlative state). Thus the signal can be described with a finite state machine
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N S = pM L 1 N B = pM L
N MF = M L
Trellis example, GMSK with BT = 0.3. (h = , M = 2, L = 3 and p =4). 16 states, 32 branches and 8 matched filters.
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Metric update for each state is the sampled matched filter output. Serves as the benchmark detector for reduced complexity and noncoherent detectors.
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Outline
Motivation for this thesis/Research Objectives Introduction Coherent Detection Reduced Complexity Coherent Detectors
Why reduced complexity detectors? Reduced complexity approaches Frequency Pulse Truncation Decision Feedback
Noncoherent detection algorithm Serially Concatenated Systems Simulation Results Conclusions Future work
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Removing/reducing coordinates from this L-tuple is the key to state complexity reduction. Number of techniques discussed in literature
Frequency pulse truncation (PT) technique Decision feedback
PT and decision feedback applied to GMSK for the first time in this work.
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PT performance
SOQPSK-TG Pulse truncated from L=8 to Lr=1. Reduction in trellis states from 512 to 4. Loss in performance of 0.2 dB at Pb = 10 5
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Decision Feedback
Phase states chosen at run time. Since phase state is defined by
knowing an estimate of the past symbols the phase state for each trellis state can be updated. Using decision feedback to update phase for each trellis state reduces the number of trellis states by a factor p. The state now is S n = ( n L +1, L , n 2 , n 1 )
1444 444 2 3
M L1states
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Outline
Motivation for this thesis/Research Objectives Introduction Coherent Detection Reduced Complexity Coherent Detectors Noncoherent detection algorithm
Why Noncoherent? The Algorithm Phase Noise Model
Why Noncoherent?
r (t ) = s (t ; )e j (t ) + n(t ) Received signal model
Phase noise channels often encountered in practice Robust Easy to synchronize Can recover input bits in the presence of phase noise
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There is a complex-valued phase reference associated with each trellis stated and is recursively updated using
forgetting factor a is a real number in the range 0 < a < 1. Applied to GMSK for the first time in this work.
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where are independent and identically distributed Gaussian random variables with zero mean and variance Phase noise is modeled as a first order Markov process with Gaussian transition probability distribution.
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Outline
Motivation for this thesis/Research Objectives Introduction Coherent Detection Reduced Complexity Coherent Detectors Noncoherent Detection Algorithm Serially Concatenated Systems
Introduction System Description SISO Algorithm Performance
Coded systems improvement in energy efficiency, large gains. Concatenated codes developed by Forney Multistage coding with inner and outer codes. Probability of error decreases exponentially while decoding complexity increases only linearly. We discuss SCC systems with CPM (SOQPSK and GMSK) as the inner code. Reduced complexity GMSK SCC systems studied for the first time.
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PRECODER
CPM MODULATOR
AWGN CHANNEL
r(t )
SOQPSK SISO
r(t )
CC SISO
an {0, 1}
Outer code: rate-1/2 convolutional code Inner code: SOQPSK and GMSK Block length N=2048 and Ni=5
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Serially Concatenated Systems :SISO Algorithm In case of noncoherent detection where is the phase reference associated with each state and is updated only during the forward recursion. The output probability distribution for the bit/code word for symbol time k is computed as
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Outline
Motivation for this thesis/Research Objectives Introduction Coherent Detection Reduced Complexity Coherent Detectors Noncoherent Detection Algorithm Serially Concatenated Systems Simulation Results
Performance of Noncoherent detectors Performance of Noncoherent (Coded) systems
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GMSK (BT = 0.3) has the best performance. SOQPSK MIL and GMSK (BT = 0.25) are comparable.
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GMSK (BT = 0.3) has the best performance. SOQPSK TG performs significantly worse. Lower values of a enable faster carrier phase tracking.
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a chosen to be 0.875 for all cases as Eb/N0 is low. SOQPSK and GMSK have comparable performance when = 2 /sym. GMSK is marginally better than SOQPSK for the severe phase noise case i.e. = 5 /sym.
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Outline
Motivation for this thesis/Research Objectives Introduction Coherent Detection Reduced Complexity Coherent Detectors Noncoherent Detection Algorithm Serially Concatenated Systems Simulation Results Conclusions
Key contributions
Future work
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Conclusions
Noncoherent (uncoded) detectors for GMSK and SOQPSK have comparable performance for low to moderate phase noise, for severe phase noise GMSK performs significantly better. For coded systems noncoherent GMSK detectors have marginally better performance than SOQPSK. SOQPSK TG has the highest coding gain (it is also the most bandwidth efficient).
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Outline
Motivation for this thesis/Research Objectives Introduction Coherent Detection Reduced Complexity Coherent Detectors Noncoherent Detection Algorithm Serially Concatenated Systems Simulation Results Conclusions Future work
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Future Work
Noncoherent coded SOQPSK and GMSK performance with other convolutional codes as outer codes. Investigation of GMSK with lower BT values (more bandwidth efficient). Other complexity reduction techniques such as the PAM decomposition for GMSK.
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References
J. B. Anderson, T. Aulin, and C.-E. Sundberg. Digital Phase Modulation. Plenum Press, New York, 1986. S. Benedetto, D. Divsalar, G. Montorsi, and F. Pollara. A soft-input soft-output APP module for iterative decoding of concatenated codes. IEEE Communication Letters, Jan. 1997. G. Colavolpe, G. Ferrari, and R. Raheli. Noncoherent iterative (turbo) decoding. IEEE Transactions on Communication, Sept. 2000. M. K. Howlader and X. Luo. Noncoherent iterative demodulation and decoding of serially concatenated coded MSK. In Proc. IEEE Global Telecommunications Confernce, Nov./Dec. 2004. L. Li and M. Simon. Performance of coded OQPSK and MIL-STD SOQPSK with iterative decoding. IEEE Transactions on Communication, Nov. 2004. P. Moqvist and T. Aulin. Serially concatenated continuous phase modulation with iterative decoding. IEEE Transactions on Communication, Nov. 2001. A. Svensson, C.-E. Sundberg, and T. Aulin. A class of reduced-complexity Viterbi detectors for partial response continuous phase modulation. IEEE Transactions on Communication, Oct. 1984. J.Wu and G. Saulnier. A two-stage MSK-type detector for Low-BT GMSK signals. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, July 2003.
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Questions/Thanks
The End Thank you for listening!
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