(i) Finding the nth highest salary of an employee.

Create a table named Employee_Test and insert some test data as:Collapse | Copy Code

CREATE TABLE Employee_Test ( Emp_ID INT Identity, Emp_name Varchar(100), Emp_Sal Decimal (10,2) ) INSERT INSERT INSERT INSERT INSERT INTO INTO INTO INTO INTO Employee_Test Employee_Test Employee_Test Employee_Test Employee_Test VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES ('Anees',1000); ('Rick',1200); ('John',1100); ('Stephen',1300); ('Maria',1400);
Collapse | Copy Code

It is very easy to find the highest salary as:--Highest Salary select max(Emp_Sal) from Employee_Test

Now, if you are asked to find the 3rd highest salary, then the query is as:Collapse | Copy Code

--3rd Highest Salary select min(Emp_Sal) from Employee_Test where Emp_Sal in (select distinct top 3 Emp_Sal from Employee_Test order by Emp_Sal desc)

The result is as :- 1200 To find the nth highest salary, replace the top 3 with top n (n being an integer 1,2,3 etc.)
--nth Highest Salary select min(Emp_Sal) from Employee_Test where Emp_Sal in (select distinct top n Emp_Sal from Employee_Test order by Emp_Sal desc)

Collapse | Copy Code

(ii) Finding TOP X records from each group

Create a table named photo_test and insert some test data as :Collapse | Copy Code

create table photo_test ( pgm_main_Category_id int, pgm_sub_category_id int, file_path varchar(MAX) ) insert into photo_test values (17,15,'photo/bb1.jpg'); insert insert insert insert insert insert insert into into into into into into into photo_test photo_test photo_test photo_test photo_test photo_test photo_test values(17,16,'photo/cricket1.jpg'); values(17,17,'photo/base1.jpg'); values(18,18,'photo/forest1.jpg'); values(18,19,'photo/tree1.jpg'); values(18,20,'photo/flower1.jpg'); values(19,21,'photo/laptop1.jpg'); values(19,22,'photo/camer1.jpg');

insert into photo_test values(19,23,'photo/cybermbl1.jpg');

insert into photo_test values (17,24,'photo/F1.jpg');

There are three groups of pgm_main_category_id each with a value of 17 (group 17 has four records),18 (group 18 has three records) and 19 (group 19 has three records). Now, if you want to select top 2 records from each group, the query is as follows:-

Collapse | Copy Code

select pgm_main_category_id,pgm_sub_category_id,file_path from ( select pgm_main_category_id,pgm_sub_category_id,file_path, rank() over (partition by pgm_main_category_id order by pgm_sub_category_id asc) as rankid from photo_test ) photo_test where rankid < 3 -- replace 3 by any number 2,3 etc for top2 or top3. order by pgm_main_category_id,pgm_sub_category_id

The result is as:-

Collapse | Copy Code

pgm_main_category_id 17 17 18 18 19 19

pgm_sub_category_id 15 16 18 19 21 22

file_path photo/bb1.jpg photo/cricket1.jpg photo/forest1.jpg photo/tree1.jpg photo/laptop1.jpg photocamer1.jpg

(iii) Deleting duplicate rows from a table

A table with a primary key doesnt contain duplicates. But if due to some reason, the keys have to be disabled or when importing data from other sources, duplicates come up in the table data, it is often needed to get rid of such duplicates. This can be achieved in tow ways :(a) Using a temporary table. (b) Without using a temporary table.

(a) Using a temporary or staging table

Let the table employee_test1 contain some duplicate data like:CREATE TABLE Employee_Test1 ( Emp_ID INT, Emp_name Varchar(100), Emp_Sal Decimal (10,2) ) INSERT INSERT INSERT INSERT INSERT INSERT INSERT INTO INTO INTO INTO INTO INTO INTO Employee_Test1 Employee_Test1 Employee_Test1 Employee_Test1 Employee_Test1 Employee_Test1 Employee_Test1 VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES (1,'Anees',1000); (2,'Rick',1200); (3,'John',1100); (4,'Stephen',1300); (5,'Maria',1400); (6,'Tim',1150); (6,'Tim',1150);
Collapse | Copy Code

Step 1: Create a temporary table from the main table as:-

Collapse | Copy Code

select top 0* into employee_test1_temp from employee_test1

Step2 : Insert the result of the GROUP BY query into the temporary table as:Collapse | Copy Code

insert into employee_test1_temp select Emp_ID,Emp_name,Emp_Sal from employee_test1 group by Emp_ID,Emp_name,Emp_Sal

Step3: Truncate the original table as:Collapse | Copy Code

truncate table employee_test1

Step4: Fill the original table with the rows of the temporary table as:Collapse | Copy Code

insert into employee_test1 select * from employee_test1_temp

Now, the duplicate rows from the main table have been removed.
Collapse | Copy Code

select * from employee_test1

gives the result as:Collapse | Copy Code

Emp_ID 1 2 3 4 5 6

Emp_name Anees Rick John Stephen Maria Tim

Emp_Sal 1000 1200 1100 1300 1400 1150

(b) Without using a temporary table

Collapse | Copy Code

;with T as ( select * , row_number() over (partition by Emp_ID order by Emp_ID) as rank from employee_test1 ) delete from T where rank > 1

The result is as:Collapse | Copy Code

Emp_ID 1 2 3 4 5 6

Emp_name Anees Rick John Stephen Maria Tim

Emp_Sal 1000 1200 1100 1300 1400 1150

1. To 2. To 3. Find
e2.sal);

fetch

ALTERNATE

records

from

table.

(EVEN

NUMBERED)

select * from emp where rowid in (select decode(mod(rownum,2),0,rowid, null) from emp); select ALTERNATE records from a table. (ODD NUMBERED)

select * from emp where rowid in (select decode(mod(rownum,2),0,null ,rowid) from emp); the 3rd MAX salary in the emp table.

select distinct sal from emp e1 where 3 = (select count(distinct sal) from emp e2 where e1.sal <=

4. Find
e2.sal);

the

3rd

MIN

salary

in

the

emp

table.

select distinct sal from emp e1 where 3 = (select count(distinct sal) from emp e2where e1.sal >=

5. Select 6. Select

FIRST

records

from

table.

select * from emp where rownum <= &n; LAST n records from a table

select * from emp minus select * from emp where rownum <= (select count(*) - &n from emp);

7. List dept no., Dept name for all the departments in which there are no employees in
the select * from dept where deptno not in (select deptno department. from emp);

alternate solution: select * from dept a where not exists (select * from emp b where a.deptno = b.deptno); altertnate solution: select empno,ename,b.deptno,dname from emp a, dept b where a.deptno(+) = b.deptno and empno is null;

8. How

to

get

Max

salaries

select distinct sal from emp a where 3 >= (select count(distinct sal) from emp b where a.sal <= b.sal) order by a.sal desc;

9. How
b.sal);

to

get

Min

salaries

select distinct sal from emp a where 3 >= (select count(distinct sal) from emp b where a.sal >=

10.
>= b.sal);

How

to

get

nth

max

salaries

select distinct hiredate from emp a where &n = (select count(distinct sal) from emp b where a.sal

11.

Select

DISTINCT

RECORDS

from

emp

table.

select * from emp a where rowid = (select max(rowid) from emp b where a.empno=b.empno);

12. 13.

How

to

delete

duplicate

rows

in

table?

delete from emp a where rowid != (select max(rowid) from emp b where a.empno=b.empno); Count of number of employees in department wise.

select count(EMPNO), b.deptno, dname from emp a, dept b where a.deptno(+)=b.deptno group by b.deptno,dname; 14. Suppose there is annual salary information provided by emp table. How to

fetch monthly salary of each and every employee? select ename,sal/12 as monthlysal from emp; 15. Select all record from emp table where deptno =10 or 40.

select * from emp where deptno=30 or deptno=10; 16. Select all record from emp table where deptno=30 and sal>1500.

select * from emp where deptno=30 and sal>1500; 17. Select all record from emp where job not in SALESMAN or CLERK.

select * from emp where job not in ('SALESMAN','CLERK'); 18. Select all record from emp where ename in 'BLAKE','SCOTT','KING'and'FORD'.

select * from emp where ename in('JONES','BLAKE','SCOTT','KING','FORD'); 19. Select all records where ename starts with S and its lenth is 6 char.

select * from emp where ename like'S____'; 20. with R. select * from emp where ename like'%R'; 21. Count MGR and their salary in emp table. Select all records where ename may be any no of character but it should end

select count(MGR),count(sal) from emp; 22. In emp table add comm+sal as total sal .

select ename,(sal+nvl(comm,0)) as totalsal from emp; 23. Select any salary <3000 from emp table.

select * from emp where sal> any(select sal from emp where sal<3000); 24. Select all salary <3000 from emp table.

select * from emp where sal> all(select sal from emp where sal<3000); 25. Select all the employee group by deptno and sal in descending order.

select ename,deptno,sal from emp order by deptno,sal desc; 26. How can I create an empty table emp1 with same structure as emp?

Create table emp1 as select * from emp where 1=2;

27.

How

to

retrive

record

where

sal

between

1000

to

2000?

Select * from emp where sal>=1000 And sal<2000

28.

Select all records where dept no of both emp and dept table matches.

select * from emp where exists(select * from dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno)

29.
can I

If there are two tables emp1 and emp2, and both have common record. How fetch all the recods but common records only once?

(Select * from emp) Union (Select * from emp1)

30.

How to fetch only common records from two tables emp and emp1?

(Select * from emp) Intersect (Select * from emp1)

31.

How can I retrive all records of emp1 those should not present in emp2?

(Select * from emp) Minus (Select * from emp1)

32.
SELECT FROM GROUP

Count the totalsa deptno,

deptno wise where more than 2 employees exist. sum(sal) As totalsal emp BY deptno

HAVING COUNT(empno) > 2

Interview Questions - Part 5

Write SQL queries for the below interview questions: 1. Load the below products table into the target table.
CREATE TABLE PRODUCTS ( PRODUCT_ID INTEGER, PRODUCT_NAME VARCHAR2(30) ); INSERT INTO INSERT INTO INSERT INTO INSERT INTO INSERT INTO INSERT INTO COMMIT; PRODUCTS PRODUCTS PRODUCTS PRODUCTS PRODUCTS PRODUCTS VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES ( ( ( ( ( ( 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 'Nokia'); 'IPhone'); 'Samsung'); 'LG'); 'BlackBerry'); 'Motorola');

SELECT * FROM PRODUCTS; PRODUCT_ID PRODUCT_NAME ----------------------100 Nokia 200 IPhone 300 Samsung 400 LG 500 BlackBerry 600 Motorola

The requirements for loading the target table are:

Select only 2 products randomly. Do not select the products which are already loaded in the target table with in the last 30 days. Target table should always contain the products loaded in 30 days. It should not contain the products which are loaded prior to 30 days.

Solution: First we will create a target table. The target table will have an additional column INSERT_DATE to know when a product is loaded into the target table. The target table structure is
CREATE TABLE TGT_PRODUCTS ( PRODUCT_ID INTEGER, PRODUCT_NAME VARCHAR2(30), INSERT_DATE DATE );

The next step is to pick 5 products randomly and then load into target table. While selecting check whether the products are there in the
INSERT INTO TGT_PRODUCTS SELECT PRODUCT_ID, PRODUCT_NAME, SYSDATE INSERT_DATE FROM ( SELECT PRODUCT_ID, PRODUCT_NAME FROM PRODUCTS S WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM TGT_PRODUCTS T WHERE T.PRODUCT_ID = S.PRODUCT_ID ) ORDER BY DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE --Random number generator in oracle. )A WHERE ROWNUM <= 2;

The last step is to delete the products from the table which are loaded 30 days back.
DELETE FROM TGT_PRODUCTS WHERE INSERT_DATE < SYSDATE - 30;

2. Load the below CONTENTS table into the target table.

CREATE TABLE CONTENTS ( CONTENT_ID INTEGER, CONTENT_TYPE VARCHAR2(30) ); INSERT INTO INSERT INTO INSERT INTO INSERT INTO INSERT INTO INSERT INTO COMMIT; CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES (1,'MOVIE'); (2,'MOVIE'); (3,'AUDIO'); (4,'AUDIO'); (5,'MAGAZINE'); (6,'MAGAZINE');

SELECT * FROM CONTENTS; CONTENT_ID CONTENT_TYPE ----------------------1 MOVIE 2 MOVIE 3 AUDIO 4 AUDIO 5 MAGAZINE 6 MAGAZINE

The requirements to load the target table are:

Load only one content type at a time into the target table. The target table should always contain only one contain type. The loading of content types should follow round-robin style. First MOVIE, second AUDIO, Third MAGAZINE and again fourth Movie.

Solution: First we will create a lookup table where we mention the priorities for the content types. The lookup table Create Statement and data is shown below.
CREATE TABLE CONTENTS_LKP ( CONTENT_TYPE VARCHAR2(30), PRIORITY INTEGER, LOAD_FLAG INTEGER ); INSERT INTO CONTENTS_LKP VALUES('MOVIE',1,1); INSERT INTO CONTENTS_LKP VALUES('AUDIO',2,0); INSERT INTO CONTENTS_LKP VALUES('MAGAZINE',3,0); COMMIT; SELECT * FROM CONTENTS_LKP; CONTENT_TYPE PRIORITY LOAD_FLAG --------------------------------MOVIE 1 1 AUDIO 2 0 MAGAZINE 3 0

Here if LOAD_FLAG is 1, then it indicates which content type needs to be loaded into the target table. Only one content type will have LOAD_FLAG as 1. The other content types will have LOAD_FLAG as 0. The target table structure is same as the source table structure. The second step is to truncate the target table before loading the data
TRUNCATE TABLE TGT_CONTENTS;

The third step is to choose the appropriate content type from the lookup table to load the source data into the target table.
INSERT INTO TGT_CONTENTS SELECT CONTENT_ID, CONTENT_TYPE FROM CONTENTS WHERE CONTENT_TYPE = (SELECT CONTENT_TYPE FROM CONTENTS_LKP WHERE LOAD_FLAG=1);

The last step is to update the LOAD_FLAG of the Lookup table.

UPDATE CONTENTS_LKP SET LOAD_FLAG = 0 WHERE LOAD_FLAG = 1; UPDATE CONTENTS_LKP SET LOAD_FLAG = 1 WHERE PRIORITY = ( SELECT DECODE( PRIORITY,(SELECT MAX(PRIORITY) FROM CONTENTS_LKP) ,1 , PRIORITY+1) FROM CONTENTS_LKP WHERE CONTENT_TYPE = (SELECT DISTINCT CONTENT_TYPE FROM TGT_CONTENTS) );

Interview Questions - Oracle Part 1

As a database developer, writing SQL queries, PLSQL code is part of daily life. Having a good knowledge on SQL is really important. Here i am posting some practical examples on SQL queries. To solve these interview questions on SQL queries you have to create the products, sales tables in your oracle database. The "Create Table", "Insert" statements are provided below.
CREATE TABLE PRODUCTS ( PRODUCT_ID PRODUCT_NAME ); CREATE TABLE SALES ( SALE_ID PRODUCT_ID YEAR Quantity PRICE ); INSERT INSERT INSERT INSERT INTO INTO INTO INTO PRODUCTS PRODUCTS PRODUCTS PRODUCTS SALES SALES SALES SALES SALES SALES SALES SALES SALES

INTEGER, VARCHAR2(30)

INTEGER, INTEGER, INTEGER, INTEGER, INTEGER VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 100, 200, 300, 400, 100, 100, 100, 200, 200, 200, 300, 300, 300, 'Nokia'); 'IPhone'); 'Samsung'); 'LG'); 2010, 2011, 2012, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2010, 2011, 2012, 25, 16, 8, 10, 15, 20, 20, 18, 20, 5000); 5000); 5000); 9000); 9000); 9000); 7000); 7000); 7000);

INSERT INTO INSERT INTO INSERT INTO INSERT INTO INSERT INTO INSERT INTO INSERT INTO INSERT INTO INSERT INTO COMMIT;

VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES VALUES

The products table contains the below data.

SELECT * FROM PRODUCTS;

PRODUCT_ID PRODUCT_NAME ----------------------100 Nokia 200 IPhone 300 Samsung

The sales table contains the following data.

SELECT * FROM SALES; SALE_ID PRODUCT_ID YEAR QUANTITY PRICE -------------------------------------1 100 2010 25 5000 2 100 2011 16 5000 3 100 2012 8 5000 4 200 2010 10 9000 5 200 2011 15 9000 6 200 2012 20 9000 7 300 2010 20 7000 8 300 2011 18 7000 9 300 2012 20 7000

Here Quantity is the number of products sold in each year. Price is the sale price of each product. I hope you have created the tables in your oracle database. Now try to solve the below SQL queries. 1. Write a SQL query to find the products which have continuous increase in sales every year? Solution: Here Iphone is the only product whose sales are increasing every year. STEP1: First we will get the previous year sales for each product. The SQL query to do this is
SELECT P.PRODUCT_NAME, S.YEAR, S.QUANTITY, LEAD(S.QUANTITY,1,0) OVER ( PARTITION BY P.PRODUCT_ID ORDER BY S.YEAR DESC ) QUAN_PREV_YEAR FROM PRODUCTS P, SALES S WHERE P.PRODUCT_ID = S.PRODUCT_ID; PRODUCT_NAME YEAR QUANTITY QUAN_PREV_YEAR ----------------------------------------Nokia 2012 8 16 Nokia 2011 16 25 Nokia 2010 25 0 IPhone 2012 20 15 IPhone 2011 15 10 IPhone 2010 10 0

Samsung Samsung Samsung

2012 2011 2010

20 18 20

18 20 0

Here the lead analytic function will get the quantity of a product in its previous year. STEP2: We will find the difference between the quantities of a product with its previous years quantity. If this difference is greater than or equal to zero for all the rows, then the product is a constantly increasing in sales. The final query to get the required result is
SELECT PRODUCT_NAME FROM ( SELECT P.PRODUCT_NAME, S.QUANTITY LEAD(S.QUANTITY,1,0) OVER ( PARTITION BY P.PRODUCT_ID ORDER BY S.YEAR DESC ) QUAN_DIFF FROM PRODUCTS P, SALES S WHERE P.PRODUCT_ID = S.PRODUCT_ID )A GROUP BY PRODUCT_NAME HAVING MIN(QUAN_DIFF) >= 0; PRODUCT_NAME -----------IPhone

2. Write a SQL query to find the products which does not have sales at all? Solution: LG is the only product which does not have sales at all. This can be achieved in three ways. Method1: Using left outer join.
SELECT P.PRODUCT_NAME FROM PRODUCTS P LEFT OUTER JOIN SALES S ON (P.PRODUCT_ID = S.PRODUCT_ID); WHERE S.QUANTITY IS NULL PRODUCT_NAME -----------LG

Method2: Using the NOT IN operator.

SELECT P.PRODUCT_NAME FROM PRODUCTS P WHERE P.PRODUCT_ID NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT PRODUCT_ID FROM SALES); PRODUCT_NAME -----------LG

Method3: Using the NOT EXISTS operator.

SELECT P.PRODUCT_NAME FROM PRODUCTS P WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM SALES S WHERE S.PRODUCT_ID = P.PRODUCT_ID); PRODUCT_NAME -----------LG

3. Write a SQL query to find the products whose sales decreased in 2012 compared to 2011? Solution: Here Nokia is the only product whose sales decreased in year 2012 when compared with the sales in the year 2011. The SQL query to get the required output is
SELECT P.PRODUCT_NAME FROM PRODUCTS P, SALES S_2012, SALES S_2011 WHERE P.PRODUCT_ID = S_2012.PRODUCT_ID AND S_2012.YEAR = 2012 AND S_2011.YEAR = 2011 AND S_2012.PRODUCT_ID = S_2011.PRODUCT_ID AND S_2012.QUANTITY < S_2011.QUANTITY; PRODUCT_NAME -----------Nokia

4. Write a query to select the top product sold in each year? Solution: Nokia is the top product sold in the year 2010. Similarly, Samsung in 2011 and IPhone, Samsung in 2012. The query for this is
SELECT PRODUCT_NAME, YEAR FROM

( SELECT P.PRODUCT_NAME, S.YEAR, RANK() OVER ( PARTITION BY S.YEAR ORDER BY S.QUANTITY DESC ) RNK FROM PRODUCTS P, SALES S WHERE P.PRODUCT_ID = S.PRODUCT_ID ) A WHERE RNK = 1; PRODUCT_NAME YEAR -------------------Nokia 2010 Samsung 2011 IPhone 2012 Samsung 2012

5. Write a query to find the total sales of each product.? Solution: This is a simple query. You just need to group by the data on PRODUCT_NAME and then find the sum of sales.
SELECT P.PRODUCT_NAME, NVL( SUM( S.QUANTITY*S.PRICE ), 0) TOTAL_SALES FROM PRODUCTS P LEFT OUTER JOIN SALES S ON (P.PRODUCT_ID = S.PRODUCT_ID) GROUP BY P.PRODUCT_NAME; PRODUCT_NAME TOTAL_SALES --------------------------LG 0 IPhone 405000 Samsung 406000 Nokia 245000

Interview Questions - Oracle Part 2

This is continuation to my previous post, SQL Queries Interview Questions - Oracle Part 1 , Where i have used PRODUCTS and SALES tables as an example. Here also i am using the same tables. So, just take a look at the tables by going through that link and it will be easy for you to understand the questions mentioned here. Solve the below examples by writing SQL queries. 1. Write a query to find the products whose quantity sold in a year should be greater than the average quantity of the product sold across all the years?

Solution: This can be solved with the help of correlated query. The SQL query for this is
SELECT P.PRODUCT_NAME, S.YEAR, S.QUANTITY FROM PRODUCTS P, SALES S WHERE P.PRODUCT_ID = S.PRODUCT_ID AND S.QUANTITY > (SELECT AVG(QUANTITY) FROM SALES S1 WHERE S1.PRODUCT_ID = S.PRODUCT_ID ); PRODUCT_NAME YEAR QUANTITY -------------------------Nokia 2010 25 IPhone 2012 20 Samsung 2012 20 Samsung 2010 20

2. Write a query to compare the products sales of "IPhone" and "Samsung" in each year? The output should look like as
YEAR IPHONE_QUANT SAM_QUANT IPHONE_PRICE SAM_PRICE --------------------------------------------------2010 10 20 9000 7000 2011 15 18 9000 7000 2012 20 20 9000 7000

Solution: By using self-join SQL query we can get the required result. The required SQL query is
SELECT S_I.YEAR, S_I.QUANTITY IPHONE_QUANT, S_S.QUANTITY SAM_QUANT, S_I.PRICE IPHONE_PRICE, S_S.PRICE SAM_PRICE FROM PRODUCTS P_I, SALES S_I, PRODUCTS P_S, SALES S_S WHERE P_I.PRODUCT_ID = S_I.PRODUCT_ID AND P_S.PRODUCT_ID = S_S.PRODUCT_ID AND P_I.PRODUCT_NAME = 'IPhone' AND P_S.PRODUCT_NAME = 'Samsung' AND S_I.YEAR = S_S.YEAR

3. Write a query to find the ratios of the sales of a product?

Solution: The ratio of a product is calculated as the total sales price in a particular year divide by the total sales price across all years. Oracle provides RATIO_TO_REPORT analytical function for finding the ratios. The SQL query is
SELECT P.PRODUCT_NAME, S.YEAR, RATIO_TO_REPORT(S.QUANTITY*S.PRICE) OVER(PARTITION BY P.PRODUCT_NAME ) SALES_RATIO FROM PRODUCTS P, SALES S WHERE (P.PRODUCT_ID = S.PRODUCT_ID); PRODUCT_NAME YEAR RATIO ----------------------------IPhone 2011 0.333333333 IPhone 2012 0.444444444 IPhone 2010 0.222222222 Nokia 2012 0.163265306 Nokia 2011 0.326530612 Nokia 2010 0.510204082 Samsung 2010 0.344827586 Samsung 2012 0.344827586 Samsung 2011 0.310344828

4. In the SALES table quantity of each product is stored in rows for every year. Now write a query to transpose the quantity for each product and display it in columns? The output should look like as
PRODUCT_NAME QUAN_2010 QUAN_2011 QUAN_2012 -----------------------------------------IPhone 10 15 20 Samsung 20 18 20 Nokia 25 16 8

Solution: Oracle 11g provides a pivot function to transpose the row data into column data. The SQL query for this is
SELECT * FROM ( SELECT P.PRODUCT_NAME, S.QUANTITY, S.YEAR FROM PRODUCTS P, SALES S WHERE (P.PRODUCT_ID = S.PRODUCT_ID) )A PIVOT ( MAX(QUANTITY) AS QUAN FOR (YEAR) IN (2010,2011,2012));

If you are not running oracle 11g database, then use the below query for transposing the row data into column data.

SELECT P.PRODUCT_NAME, MAX(DECODE(S.YEAR,2010, S.QUANTITY)) QUAN_2010, MAX(DECODE(S.YEAR,2011, S.QUANTITY)) QUAN_2011, MAX(DECODE(S.YEAR,2012, S.QUANTITY)) QUAN_2012 FROM PRODUCTS P, SALES S WHERE (P.PRODUCT_ID = S.PRODUCT_ID) GROUP BY P.PRODUCT_NAME;

5. Write a query to find the number of products sold in each year? Solution: To get this result we have to group by on year and the find the count. The SQL query for this question is
SELECT YEAR, COUNT(1) NUM_PRODUCTS FROM SALES GROUP BY YEAR; YEAR NUM_PRODUCTS -----------------2010 3 2011 3 2012 3