BAROQUE

AntonioVivaldi
Their life:
- Born in Venice, March 4th 1678 - Vivaldi inherited musical ability from his father, Giovanni Battista Vivaldi, who is also a violinist in the Cathedral of San Marco - Due to poor family conditions, Vivaldi joins the priest training which in 17th centuries, they give free education for the priest training. - He become a priest and began to preach at 1703 and resign in 1706. - There are 4 stages of his life: 1. When he was recognized as a brilliant instrumental music. 2. When he began teaching at Ospedalle della Pieta. 3. Began to explore the world of theater with opera. 4. Development activities as a composer his music personally. - In 1725, He created Four Season in a series of twelve concertos, titled Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione (Exam Harmony and Invention). - In addition to writing music compositions for music lovers nobles, Vivaldi also produced a number of musical compositions intended for the church. He is expected to start writing church music composition at the beginning of the 18th century. - Throughout his career, Vivaldi has occupied a position of honor. In Ospedalle della Pieta he was a maestro at Violino. In 1716, he was promoted to maestro de'concerti. Then in 1717, also served as the Vivaldi Chamber Capellmeister the Landgrave Philips van Hessen-Darmstadt. - After the downturn in the economy in 1740, resigned from Vivaldi Ospedalle della Pieta. He plans to settle in Vienna under the respected patron, Charles VI. However, he did not linger longer at Vienna. Because on July 28, 1741, he died. It is estimated that asthma is caused by prolonged illness, which continues suffered since his youth.

Their music and composition

- Opus 1, 12 Sonatas for 2 violins and basso continuo - Opus 2, 12 Sonatas for violin and basso continuo - Opus 3, L'estro armonico (Harmonic inspiration), 12 concertos for various combinations (4 violins, 4 violins and violoncello, etc.) - Opus 4, La stravaganza (The extraordinary), 12 violin concertos - Opus 5, (2nd part of Opus 2), 4 sonatas for violin and 2 sonatas for 2 violins and basso continuo - Opus 6, 6 violin concertos ( - Opus 7, 2 oboe concertos and 10 violin concertos - Opus 8, Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione (The Contest between Harmony and Invention), 12 violin concertos, the first 4, in E, G minor, F, and F minor being known as The Four Seasons (Le quattro stagioni) - Opus 9, La cetra (The lyre), 2 violin concertos and 1 for 2 violins - Opus 10, 6 flute concertos - Opus 11, 5 violin concertos, 1 oboe concerto - Opus 12, 5 violin concertos and 1 without solo - Opus 13, Il pastor fido (The Faithful Sheperd), 6 sonatas for musette, viela, recorder, oboe or violin, and basso continuo

Oratorio
- Moyses Deus Pharaonis - Juditha triumphans devicta Holofernes barbarie - L'adorazione delli tre re magi al bambino nella capanna di Betlemme - La vittoria navale predetta dal S Pontefice Pio V Ghisilieri

Opera
- Bajazet (Tamerlano) (1735) - Catone in Utica (1737) - Dorilla in Tempe (1726) - Ercole sul Termodonte (1723) - Farnace (1727) - La fida ninfa (1732) - l Giustino (1724) - Griselda (1735) - L'incoronazione di Dario (1716) - L'Olimpiade (1734) - Orlando finto pazzo (1714) - Orlando furoiso (1727) - Ottone in villa (1713) - Rosilena ed Oronta (1728) - Rosmira (1738) - Siroe, re di Persia (1727) - l Teuzzone (1719) - Tito Manlio (1719) - La verit in cimento (1720)

Solo Concerto
- Opus 3, Concerto in A minor - Concerto for Strings and Harsicord in G Major - Opus 3, Concerto in B minor - Concerto in C major - Concerto in A major - Concerto per archi e cembalo in C major - L'estro Armonico Concerto for Mandolin - La Primavera, op. 8 no. 1, RV 269 -- E Mayor -ll favorito, op. 11 no. 2, RV 277 -- e minor - ll corneto da posta, RV 363 -- B flat Mayor - L'autunno, op. 8 no. 3, RV 293 -- F Mayor - Concerto for Two Trumpets in D Major

Sacred Song
- Gloria, RV 588, RV 589 - Beatus vir, RV 597

Their Style
Vivaldi's music was innovative. He brightened the formal and rhythmic structure of the concerto, in which he looked for harmonic contrasts and innovative melodies and themes; many of his compositions are flamboyantly, almost playfully, exuberant.

Their Major Composition

Four Seasons
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The Four Seasons Spring I Allegro The Four Seasons Spring II Largo The Four Seasons Spring III Allegro The Four Seasons Summer I Allegro non molto The Four Seasons Summer II Adagio The Four Seasons Summer III Presto

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

The Four Seasons Autumn I Allegro The Four Seasons Autumn II Adagio molto The Four Seasons Autumn III Allegro The Four Seasons Winter I Allegro non molto The Four Seasons Winter II Largo The Four Seasons Winter III Allegro

Important Years
- In September 1703, Vivaldi became maestro di violino (master of violin) at an orphanage called the Pio Ospedale della Piet (Devout Hospital of Mercy) in Venice. Vivaldi was only 25 when he started working at the Ospedale della Piet. - In 1704, the position of teacher of viola all'inglese was added to his duties as violin instructor. - In 1705, the first collection (Connor Cassara) of his works was published by Giuseppe Sala - In 1709, a second collection of 12 sonatas for violin and basso continuo appeared, his Opus 2. - A real breakthrough as a composer came with his first collection of 12 concerti for one, two, and four violins with strings, L'estro armonico Opus 3, which was published in Amsterdam in 1711 - It was followed in 1714 by La stravaganza Opus 4, a collection of concerti for solo violin and strings - In February 1711, Vivaldi and his father traveled to Brescia, where his setting of the Stabat Mater (RV 621) was played as part of a religious festival. - In 1715, he presented Nerone fatto Cesare - in 1716, Vivaldi wrote and produced two more operas, L'incoronazione di Dario (RV 719) and La costanza trionfante degli amori e degli odi (RV 706). - In 1717 or 1718, Vivaldi was offered a new prestigious position as Maestro di Cappellaof the court of prince Philip of Hesse-Darmstadt, In 1722 he moved to Rome, where he introduced his operas' new style. - Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione, Opus 8, published in Amsterdam by Le Cne in 1725. - Accompanied by his father, Vivaldi traveled to Vienna and Prague in 1730, where his opera Farnace (RV 711) was presented. - 27 or 28 July he died at 63 years old

Classical
FranzJosephHaydn
Their Life
- Born in March 31, 1732 at Rohrau, Austria - Franz Joseph Haydn was recruited at age 8 to the sing in the choir at St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna. - After he left the choir, he supported himself by teaching and playing violin, while studying counterpoint and harmony. - In 1761 he was named Kapellmeister, or "court musician," at the palace of the influential Esterhzy family. - While Haydn rose in the Esterhzy family's esteem, his popularity outside the palace walls also increased - In 1791, when a new Esterhzy prince let Haydn go, he quickly accepted an invitation to go to England to conduct new symphonies. - Haydn returned to Vienna in 1795 and took up his former position with the Esterhzys, although only part-time. - With his health failing, his creative spirit outlasted his ability to harness it, and he died at age 77 in May 31, 1809

His Music and Composition

He created Concerto, Masses, Operas, Solo Pianos, Trio pianos, String quartet, symphonies.

His Style
The development of larger structures out of very short, simple musical motifs, often derived from standard accompanying figures. The music is often quite formally concentrated, and the important musical events of a movement can unfold rather quickly.

His Major Composition

- Paris symphonies (1785-1786) and the original orchestral version of "The Seven Last Words of Christ" (1786). - Farewell (no. 45), Surprise (no. 94), Hen (no. 83) and his final four; Military, Clock, Drum Roll, and London (no. 100-103). His famous chamber pieces include Lark (op. 64, no. 5), Quinten (op. 76, no. 2), and Sunrise (op. 76, no. 4) - The Creation (1798) and The Seasons (1801). - "Trauer" (Mourning) Symphony No. 44, "Farewell" Symphony No. 45, the piano sonata in C minor (Hob. XVI/20, L. 33), and the six string quartets of Op. 20 (the "Sun" quartets)

His Important Years

- 1749 to 1802 In the late 1760s and early 1770s Haydn entered a stylistic period known as "Sturm und Drang" (storm and stress). Some of the most famous compositions of this time are the "Trauer" (Mourning) Symphony No. 44, "Farewell" Symphony No. 45, the piano sonata in C minor (Hob. XVI/20, L. 33), and the six string quartets of Op. 20 (the "Sun" quartets), all from ca. 17711772. In 1779, an important change in Haydn's contract permitted him to publish his compositions without prior authorization from his employer. This may have encouraged Haydn to rekindle his career as a composer of "pure" music.

 The change made itself felt most dramatically in 1781, when Haydn published the six string quartets of Opus 33 Paris symphonies (1785-1786) and the original orchestral version of "The Seven Last Words of Christ" (1786). In the 1790s, stimulated by his England journeys, Haydn developed what Rosen calls his "popular style" The return to Vienna in 1795 The Creation (1798) and The Seasons (1801)