Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 562 views

    IB Geography Oceans Case Studies

    Uploaded by

    Marc Wierzbitzki
    These are case studies that can be used to answer long response questions in the IB Geography exam.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    IB Geography Oceans Case Studies

    Uploaded by

    Marc Wierzbitzki
    562 views6 pages
    These are case studies that can be used to answer long response questions in the IB Geography exam.

    Original Title

    IB Geography Oceans case studies

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    These are case studies that can be used to answer long response questions in the IB Geography exam.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    562 views6 pages

    IB Geography Oceans Case Studies

    Uploaded by

    Marc Wierzbitzki
    These are case studies that can be used to answer long response questions in the IB Geography exam.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 6
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The document discusses several case studies of coastal erosion along the coasts of England, including the geological features that contribute to erosion, the defence measures that have been implemented, and different management approaches that have been taken.

    Some of the major geological features that contribute to coastal erosion along the Holderness coast include soft, boulder clay cliffs that are exposed to destructive waves from the North Sea, narrow beaches that do not protect the coastline, and one of the fastest erosion rates in Europe of about 2 meters per year.

    Coastal defence measures such as rock groynes and steel piles have been implemented at Barton-On-Sea to absorb wave energy and build up beaches. However, this has visual impacts and displacement of erosion further along the coast. Maintaining the defences is also very costly.

    Holderness coast: Location: - Located at east coast of England - 60km long

    Major features:

    Tourism and recreation Fishing and aquaculture Agriculture and forestry (high quality agricultural land) Energy: gas terminals (Easington and Dimlington) account for approx. 20% of Britains gas supply

    Geological features:

    - Mainly cliffs (20-30m high) consisting of soft, boulder clay in bands (horizontally) - Coast is exposed, approaching waves have a long fetch over the North Sea - Mainly destructive waves eroding the base of the cliff by hydraulic action, freeze thaw, abrasion, solution, slumping

    - Narrow beaches that do not protect the coastline (further threatened by sealevel rise, 6mm per year) - One of Europes fastest eroding coastlines (2m per year), 4km of land have disappeared since Roman times - About 2 million tonnes of material eroded per year, some villages have completely disappeared - 3% deposited at spit (Easington) - Mappleton under threat: main road running through the village was 500m from cliff (1998), now only 50m Response / defence: - Cost-benefit analysis: costal defences cheaper than building a new road - Hard defences: concrete seawall, timber groynes (encourage the build up of beach in front of Mappleton by trapping longshore drift) - Possible solution: large underwater reef made of tyres (costly to build, but they would reduce the amount of energy that approaching waves carry) - Only most valuable areas of land are protected, much of the farmland is given back to the sea (?managed retreat?) - Construction of groyne caused erosion of about 20m per year further along the coast (spit), spit is still being eroded, but no new material can arrive - Loss of beaches for tourists use

    Problems:

    Barton-On-Sea: Location:

    - Located at south coast of England Major features: Geological features: - First place in England to try rock groynes

    - Problems with coastal erosion (1m per year, several buildings have been lost) - Longshore drift from west to east - Bournemouth (further west) built sea defences no new sediment could arrive at Barton to protect the cliffs - High energy waves approaching from SW - Cliff is undercut and slumping occurs - Cliff geology: sandstone (porous) on clay (impermeable) water collects between those two layers, causing sliding Response / defence: - 1960s: council decided to protect cliff foot by rocks and steel piles (approximate costs: 1 million GBP) (to absorb wave energy) - 1974: wooden groynes were replaced by rock groynes (they extend 1.8km along the cliff toe) (to trap sand and build a beach to protect the cliffs) - Costs since 1987 are estimated at 4.5 million GBP - Who will pay? - Visual problems it doesnt look natural - Rock groynes at Barton trap sand so coast further east is now more easily eroded

    Problems:

    Porlock bay: Location:

    - Bristol channel, Somerset (England) Major features: - Much of the coastline under care of the National Trust - Saltmarsh is a 185 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) - Coastline includes single ridges, salt marshes and a submerged forest - Shingle ridge which protects the marsh from the sea was weakened due to high water levels and stormy weather - Cost-benefit analysis showed that protecting the threatened land was no longer cost efficient (last rebuild of ridge took place in 1990), since then managed retreat - A new salt marsh developed provides new habitat to animals and protects the land behind from further erosion - Some land that was previously used for agricultural purposes is no longer used for farming as it is inundated by the sea at high tides

    Geological features:

    Response / defence:

    Problems:

    You might also like