Ijaiem 2012 12 23 029
Ijaiem 2012 12 23 029
Ijaiem 2012 12 23 029
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 1, Issue 4, December 2012 ISSN 2319 - 4847
ABSTRACT
In the manufacturing science and technology field, the revolutionary changes are taking place. Nanotechnology stands for supporting these developments. The information age came into being on a wave of creativity in materials research. The term nanotechnology refers to a broad class of manufacture of compounds that have characteristic features in the manometers. Nanotechnology is the processing of materials into microelectromechanical structures and devices whose sizes from hundredths to hundredths of a micrometer. Combining science and technology, nanotechnology builds at the atomic and molecular levels. The materials involved include diamond films, organic films, dielectrics, ferroelectric films and piezoelectric films. Processing techniques involved include ion implantation, optical and e- beam lithography, plasma and wet etchings and physical and chemical vapour deposition. These processes are producing flat panel display, microelectronics, optoelectronics and solid-state sensors. This technology can be well employed right from nuclear physics to biotechnology. Nanotechnology is referred to as Molecular nanotechnology describes the field, as a whole comprising molecular manufacturing together with its techniques, its products and their design and analysis. Nanotechnology is the fabrication of devices with precision to the scale yield precision on the atomic or molecular scale. The basis of nanotechnology is the fact that atoms making all things our physical world. These atoms can be manipulated to produce almost everything. Nanotechnology marks a drastically different approach to manufacturing than previous technologies have taken. Instead of scaling materials down to create some thing, nanotechnology produces things by building them up piece by piece on a molecular level. This process will allow us to feasibility create a variety of complex molecular machines capable of performing a broad scope of functions. In recent years, properties and structures of nano size materials have attracted many peoples attention. Their unique properties and small dimensionally give very promising future for various potential applications. Molecular nanotechnology describes the field, as a whole comprising molecular manufacturing together with its techniques, its products and their design and analysis. The nanotechnology supports innovative, fundamental research in the science and technology of such fabrication of nanostructural materials, components, devices and systems, leading to potential break through in manufacturability of new industrial products, or in enabling useful services and new applications.
1. INTRODUCTION
It is well known to the scientific world about four physical States of substances, viz. solid, liquid and plasma. Astonishingly nanotechnology has proved that surface is the fifth physical state of substance. Free movement of atoms in molecules determines the physical state of substances. Based on this fact, nanotechnology field has set trilliondollar market for these products nanoscience and nanotechnology is concerned with study of properties of a few tens of atoms in a space of less than say 50nm[1]. We now have atomic resolutions microscope, which not only image individual atoms but also some times called molecular Nanotechnology. One can in principle, build things atoms by atom. From the nanotechnology properly arrange the atoms in coal , it can make diamond and rearrange the atoms in sand and add new trace element it can make a silicon chip. However this is a big challenge to technology as to how to build material in bulk from this way. The pictorial representation of the future growth through nanoscience and nanotechnology in the area of manufactutring [2] shown in the fig.1 Synthesis of material starting from constituent atoms and molecules to have desired characteristics is the basic theme of nanotechnology. This is known as the bottom-up approach in, in principle there are number of advantages like optimal use of building block, no wastage of materials, minimum use of energy, and better surface finish of the product at atomic level and many more. The concept of molecular assembler is simply a marvelous one, as it will open up immense opportunities in the field of life sciences. To take a few examples, one can look at the possibility of entering into the living cell and doing repair of the damages caused by the disease and modifies the functional ligand in molecules so that the cell retains the benign and healthy form. On the same lines, toxic compounds in the environment
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Figure 1 View of nanoscience and nanotechnology in the field of manufacturing Nanoscience is concerned with nano materials i.e. materials that have at least one of the three dimensions of about 1 to 10 nanometer[3]. The word nano comes from the Greek word nanos meaning dwarf. The term nano is the feeling of the site we note the dimension of one hydrogen atom is 0.1nm. Five atoms of carbon will combine to occupy a space of about 1 nanometer. It would take five million carbon atoms to take a dot as big as the period at the end of this sentence. The width of a DNA molecule is 2.5nm. These reduced dimensional systems have novel electronic, chemical, mechanical and optical properties. The nano world can be considered as the borderland between the femtoworld (10-15m) of nuclei and Pico world (1012m) of atoms and molecules where quantum laws operate and the macro world where the properties of materials emerge from the collective behaviour of trillions of atoms[4].The properties of materials made of clusters of few tens to a few thousand atoms (nano particles are drastically different from the normal materials. The properties depend upon the size of the nanaoparticles constituting the material. The unique properties of the nano structured materials relative to the conventional materials result from an inter play among three fundamental features as atomic domains (cluster, layer), environments (grain boundaries) and interaction between their constituent domains.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author (Dr.R.Uday Kumar) thanks the management and principal of Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology for encouraging and granting permission to carry out this work.
REFERENCES
[1] Eric Drexler.K, Molecular Engineering [2] Ahmed. S, Nanomechanical systems [3] Hocker and Lucca, The mechanics of nanometric analysis [4] Grishick.S.,Minn.U,Synthesis of nonstructured films for friction and wear resistance AUTHOR Dr.R.Uday Kumar working as Assistant Professor in Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. He obtained B.E in Mechanical Engineering from Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam, Andhrapradesh and M.Tech in Production Engineering from JNTUH, Hyderabad, A.P. He did his Ph.D in Mechanical Engineering in the field of Metal Forming from JNTUH, Hyderabad, A.P. He published 30 Technical papers in various international journals and conferences. He taught 12 subjects in the field of Mechanical Engineering. He published one book with LAP Lambert academic publishing, Germany. His areas of interest include Nanotechnology, Sheet metal forming, Bulk Metal Forming, Finite Element Analysis, Special manufacturing processes, Stress analysis, and computational fluid dynamics. He is a reviewer and editorial board member for International journals such as IRJESTI, IJPRET, IJTE and IJMMS.
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