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Some of the key takeaways are that animal cruelty can range from neglect to malicious killings, and that it can be an indicator of future violence towards humans. Cruelty to animals is also linked to certain psychological disorders.

Animal cruelty refers to harming animals intentionally or unintentionally. It can be passive through neglect, or active by directly abusing animals through actions like hitting or killing them. It includes a range of behaviors from neglect to brutal killings.

Exposure to animal cruelty can be linked to psychological disorders. Childhood abuse may also contribute to harming animals later in life. Animal cruelty has also been linked to future violent and antisocial behavior in some cases.

THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ANIMAL CRUELTY

A Term Paper Presented to Ms. Elizabeth M. Adao Good Shepherd School

In Partial Fulfillments of the Requirements For English IV

By: Florendo, Dalwin P.

March 2012

Acknowledgement

This term paper would not have been possible without the guidance and the help of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this study. First and foremost my gratitude to our Heavenly Father who showered me wisdom all throughout my working. Without Him this paper wouldnt be successful without His help. To my parents who had been undeniably supportive through my journey. The researcher wont forget how big contribution is to my paper. To my beloved teachers, T. Ruby Madrilejos and T. Beth Adao who explained the process on how to do this research paper. Lastly, I offer my regards and blessings to all of those who supported me in any respect during the completion of the project.

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Dedication

This project is dedicated to my parents who have never failed to give us financial and moral support, for giving all our needs during the time we developed our system and for teaching us that even the largest task can be accomplished if it is done one step at a time. The researcher also dedicates this to future researchers on this topic. This can serve as a guide for the completion of your paper.

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Chapter I The Problem and Its Background Introduction Cruelty to animals, also called animal abuse or animal neglect, is the infliction of suffering or harm upon non-human animals, for purposes other than self-defense. More narrowly, it can be harm for specific gain, such as killing animals for food or for their fur, although opinions differ with respect to the method of slaughter. Animal cruelty encompasses a range of different behaviors harmful to animals, from neglect to malicious, brutal killings. Active cruelty implies malicious intent, as when a person has deliberately and intentionally caused harm to an animal, and is sometimes referred to as NAI (Non-Accidental Injury). Animal cruelty is often broken down into two main categories: active and passive, also referred to as commission and omission, respectively. Dr. Randall Lockwood stated, "Violence directed at animals by young people is a sign that something is terribly wrong, and often acts as a warning of future violence, even killings directed against humans." We have seen seven school shootings. In each one, it was learned that the perpetrators had abuse, tortured, and killed animals before moving on to their human victims and our nation is wondering what happened. One of the most dangerous things that can happen to a child is to kill or torture an animal and get away with it. Our child must be taught young that it wrong to poke at puppy's eyes. We can't afford to ignore what we think of as childish exploration. Our children learn the most

important aspects of life young and if they're not aware of what is right and wrong, it could possibly lead to more dangerous attempts. As a society, we can not tolerate cruelty towards animals. People inclined to inflict pain and torture upon animals have a predisposition to violence against both animals and humans. The Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (MSPCA, 1997) reports that youngsters convicted of animal abuse are five times more likely to commit violence against other humans than are their peers, four times more likely to be involved in acts against property, and three times more likely to be drug offenders. Animals just like dogs or puppies and cats or kittens are more likely to be tripped by those merciless people. Other poor animals that are placed at risk to be tortured are mice and bunnies. They are burned alive, cut with pruning sheers, nailed to the floor, skinned alive, beaten, stabbed and most often, they have their limbs crushed and broken, just to invoke more screams of agony. One example of animal cruelty is the crushed videos. The majority of these videos share a common theme, the animals are incrementally crushed by scantily clad women in high heels. Those who purchase these videos, view them for sexual gratification. Basically speaking, the animal crush interest is an atypical sexual arousal toward the horrific torture and distress of another lifeform. The sick, twisted animal crush industry has become increasingly popular all over the world. It will continue to escalate the degradation of our society if

nothing is done to curtail the sadistic underground industry. Despite the bloody scene, someone can still be aroused. Another example is brutally done in Denmark. Every year in Denmark, specifically in Faroe Islands innocent and helpless calderon dolphins are being slaughtered brutally by the Danes. What points is there in killing another living being just to prove you have "evolved", you have transcended. There is simply no need. Laws were passed to protect the rights of animals. There are rights that not only humans possess but animals too. Republic Act 8485, an act to promote animal welfare in the Philippines, otherwise known as The animal welfare act of 1998 is subjected to many and heavy penalties. In Australia, many states have enacted legislation outlawing cruelty to animals; however, it is argued that welfare laws do not adequately extend to production animals. Whilst police maintain an overall jurisdiction in prosecution of criminal matters, in many states officers of the RSPCA and other animal welfare charities are accorded authority to investigate and prosecute animal cruelty offenses. In Japan the 1973 Welfare and Management of Animals Act (amended in 1999 and 2005) stipulates that "no person shall kill, injure, or inflict cruelty to animals without due course", and in particular, criminalizes cruelty to all mammals, birds, and reptiles possessed by persons; as well as cattle, horses, goats, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, pigeons, domestic rabbits, chickens, and domestic ducks regardless of whether they are in captivity.

Animal Cruelty is an issue that must not be neglected. Actions must be taken to stop this brutality that is slowly causing pain not only to animal advocates but also to God who is their creator. If this problem will not be resolved animal extinction will be a major part of this world. The goal of the researcher is to convince everyone to stop harming animals. Animals are treated in a very painful and hurtful manner. Actions must be executed as soon as possible or else this will grow and will turn to a bigger problem in line with poverty and corruption. God gave us great dominion over animals not to abuse them.

Statement of the Problem This study entitled The Negative Effects of Animal Cruelty is sought to answer the following questions: 1. What is animal cruelty? 2. How does animal abuse lead to human abuse? 3. What are the psychological disorders related to animal abuse? 4. What are the probable solutions for animal cruelty? 5. What are the laws in the Philippines to suppress animal cruelty?

Significance of the Study This paper will be beneficial to all humans, especially animal lovers and admirers. For Students and Teachers. The result may help them to have a deeper understanding to the negative effects of animal cruelty.

For Animal Killers. The result of this study will help them to make shift and stop doing horrible things such as killing God given animals. For the Government. The result may serve as a guide to all lawmakers to do something to prevent or end animal abuse. For Future Researchers. The result of this paper will also help the future researchers in conducting the same study as their reference and guide.

Scope and Limitation The study will only focus on the negative effects of animal cruelty to some aspects of life. The possible causes of animal abuse will also be discussed in this research paper. The laws and the psychological disorders pertaining in this global issue will also be mentioned. Possible solution for this problem will also be argued to deflect the belief of all animal slayers. Generally, the aim of the researcher is to find possible solutions for this worldwide problem.

Methodology The researcher used different kinds of materials for the completion of this paper. The researcher used thesaurus, dictionaries and the internet to look for all the definitions and additional information regarding this problem. The researcher also watched videos on YouTube. Social networking site like Facebook played a great role for the finishing of my research paper. With the great help of technology, the researcher gained tons of wisdom and knowledge about this issue.

Definition of Terms The words below were defined in order to provide a greater understanding. Absurd. It is something ridiculous and unreasonable. The condition or state in which humans exist in a meaningless, irrational universe wherein people's lives have no purpose or meaning. (www.thefreedictionary.com) Agony. This refers to the suffering of intense physical or mental pain or the struggle that precedes death. (Oxford Dictionary, 2002) Cruelty. It is the quality or condition of being cruel. The infliction of physical or mental distress, especially when considered a determinant in granting a divorce . (www.thefreedictionary.com) Crushed Videos. These are videos which are sexually aroused when usually someone of the opposite sex crushes objects, food and sometimes small animals or insects with/under their foot. (Oxford Dictionary, 2002) Degradation. It is a decline to a lower condition, quality, or level: The act or process of degrading. (Oxford Dictionary, 2002) Escalate. This refers to the increase, enlarge, or intensify. To increase in extent, volume, number, amount, intensity, or scope. (http://www.merriam-webster.com) Incrementally. This refers to the process of increasing in number, size, quantity, or extent. (Oxford Dictionary, 2002) Satiate. This refers to as being satisfied to the fullest. (Oxford Dictionary, 2002)

Chapter II Review of Related Literature Animal cruelty encompasses a range of different behaviors harmful to animals, from neglect to malicious, brutal killings. Animal abuse sometimes is used as a form of intimidation in domestic disputes. Each animal has their role in our ecosystem. If an animal is fully extinct the balance will be matted. Millions and millions of animals are living with us. If humans continue on doing their bad practices such as killing them, no doubt all of them disappear like a bubble. Animal cruelty is often broken down into two main categories: active and passive, also referred to as commission and omission, respectively. Passive cruelty is typified by cases of neglect, in which the cruelty is a lack of action rather than the action itself. Examples of neglect are starvation, dehydration, parasite infestations, allowing a collar to grow into an animals skin, inadequate shelter in extreme weather conditions, and failure to seek veterinary care when necessary. In more severe cases, exigent circumstances may require that the animal be removed for veterinary care. Active cruelty implies malicious intent, as when a person has deliberately and intentionally caused harm to an animal, and is sometimes referred to as NAI (Non-Accidental Injury). Acts of intentional animal cruelty may be indicators of serious psychological problems. Bull fighting and training animals for circuses is an example of active animal cruelty. Another example is poisoning

and shooting are the most common types of animal abuse we see in cases where a cat or dog was permitted to roam the neighborhood, either deliberately

or by accident. All animal cruelty is tragic, but cases involving the shooting or poisoning of a companion animal are often even more tragic because in most situations, the act could have been prevented. Animal cruelty has negative effects on the animal brain. Animals get scared and become more wary and lonesome. They get scared of humans, and it would seem like a painful life for them. When animals get scared of us, most probably they would attack or kill us. Animal cruelty is not fun; it does not affect animals only but also humans. It may lead to more serious forms of crime, like heavy drug use, violent outbursts, and most common, cold blooded murder. There are many reasons why individuals abuse animals. Animal cruelty covers a wide range of actions (or lack of action). Learning about animal abuse has revealed patterns of behavior employed by abusers. Most people who abuse animals don't do it on purpose. They hurt animals because they don't think about or realize what they are doing. Some people will try to keep their pet under control by using cruel types of discipline. They may think that punishment and intimidation are the best ways to solve problems. Other people are cruel because they don't pay attention. For example, someone might forget to give their cat water for a few days or leave their dog in a car on a hot day with the windows rolled up. Often these people know better, but they either forget or don't care enough to pay attention. Some people hurt animals even though they think they're helping them. For example, some people have so many pets that they can't care for them all. These people are called hoarders, and they take in so many animals because they love

them. Unfortunately, they can't care for all the animals they take in, and the animals end up living in a place that's cramped, dirty and unhealthy. The next biggest group of animal abusers does it on purpose. For example, a group of kids may decide to throw rocks at a nest of baby birds they happened to see, or they may hurt a stray cat in their neighborhood. Others simply enjoy pain and violence. Those who enjoy violence might also destroy inanimate objects as well as animals and people. Individuals who allow their animal companions to go outside unsupervised are putting those animals in very real danger of being harmed by people who are irritated by animals' barking, defecating in yards, digging in flowerbeds, or bothering other animals. Those who are left alone in fenced-in yards or tethered are at the mercy of cruel neighbors or passersby who may maliciously harm them. It is imperative that pet owners supervise animals' time outdoors and ensure the safety of the animals they care for by taking them for walks on a leash, visiting parks, or playing in a safe, secure yard together. Lockwood (2000) stated, "Violence directed at animals by young people is a sign that something is terribly wrong, and often acts as a warning of future violence, even killings directed against humans." It was learned that the perpetrators had abuse, tortured, and killed animals before moving on to their human victims and our nation is wondering what happened. One of the most dangerous things that can happen to a child is to kill or torture an animal and get away with it. Our child must be taught young that it wrong to poke at puppy's eyes. We can't afford to ignore what we think of as

childish exploration. Our children learn the most important aspects of life young and if they're not aware of what is right and wrong, it could possibly lead to more dangerous attempts. As a society, we can not tolerate cruelty towards animals. People inclined to inflict pain and torture upon animals have a predisposition to violence against both animals and humans. There is an intrinsic link between battered pets and battered women and children. The likelihood that women's shelter personnel will encounter women and children who have been threatened by batterers using animal abuse as a weapon is high. This is because more families in America have pets than have children. Secondly, the majority of pet owners are themselves parents with children. Thirdly, 64.1% of households with children under age 6, and 74.8% of households with children over age 6 also have pets. Lastly, as many as 71% of pet-owning women seeking shelter at safe houses have reported that their partner had threatened and/or actually hurt or killed one or more of their pets; 32% of these women reported that one or more of their children had also hurt or killed pets. Battered women report that they are prevented from leaving their abusers because they fear what will happen to the animals in their absence. (Wikipedia Encyclopedia) The Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (MSPCA 1997) reports that youngsters convicted of animal abuse are five times more likely to commit violence against other humans than are their peers, four times more likely to be involved.

Arluke, Levin and Carter Luke conducted the study which is the first to examine the relationship between violence against animals and crime in the general. Results indicate that 70% of those who committed crimes against animals had also been involved in other violent, property, drug, and disorderly crimes. A person who has committed animal abuse is five times more likely to commit violence against people, four times more likely to commit property crimes like robbery or theft and three times more likely to be involved in drunken or disorderly offenses. An animal abuser is more often a potential danger to society and more likely to be involved in other crimes than had been heretofore recognized by society. Persons involved in animal abuse are often involved in committing other types of crimes as well. This observation was recently validated in a study done by Northeastern University and the MSPCA. Below are concrete evidences showing that animal cruelty may lead to immoral and disorderly offenses on humans. Patrick Sherrill, who killed 14 coworkers at a post office and then shot himself, had a history of stealing local pets and allowing his own dog to attack and mutilate them. Earl Kenneth Shriner, who raped, stabbed, and mutilated a 7-year-old boy, had been widely known in his neighborhood as the man who put firecrackers in dogs. Rectums and strung up cats.

Brenda Spencer, who opened fire at a San Diego school, killing two children and injuring nine others, had repeatedly abused cats and dogs, often by setting their tails on fire. Albert DeSalvo, the "Boston Strangler" who killed 13 women, trapped dogs and cats in orange crates and shot arrows through the boxes in his youth. Carroll Edward Cole, executed for five of the 35 murders of which he was accused, said his first act of violence as a child was to strangle a puppy. Many studies in psychology, sociology, and criminology during the last 25 years have demonstrated that violent offenders frequently have childhood and adolescent histories of serious and repeated animal cruelty. The FBI has recognized the connection since the 1970s, when its analysis of the lives of serial killers suggested that most had killed or tortured animals as children. Other research has shown consistent patterns of animal cruelty among perpetrators of more common forms of violence, including child abuse, spouse abuse, and elder abuse. In fact, the American Psychiatric Association considers animal cruelty one of the diagnostic criteria of conduct disorder. Laws were passed to oppose the act of cruelty to animals. Enacted August 24, 1966, Public Law 89-544 is what commonly is referred to as The Animal Welfare Act although that title is not mentioned within the law. It authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to regulate transport, sale, and handling of dogs, cats, nonhuman primates, guinea pigs, hamsters, and rabbits intended to be used in research or "for other purposes."

It requires licensing and inspection of dog and cat dealers and humane handling at auction sales. The complete amended act can be found in United States Code, Title 7, Section 2131-2156. Here in the Philippines, Republic Act 8485, an act to promote animal welfare in the Philippines, otherwise known as The animal welfare act of 1998 is subjected to many and heavy penalties. Animal Cruelty is very upsetting and wrong. Animal Right Laws apply to all sorts of animals from dogs to farm animals. Animal laws are passed all over the world. As of currently in our country, animals off the street are suffering for no reason. Dogs, farm animals, circus animals deserve better than this. Do something about. Stand up for those who cant speak.

Chapter III Summary and Findings of the Study This chapter summarizes the data presented in the previous chapters and it will also state the findings.

Summary This research paper entitled The Negative Effects of Animal Cruelty obtained the information about the negative effects of animal abuse. Specifically, it produced answers to the following questions.

1. What is animal cruelty? 2. How does animal abuse lead to human abuse? 3. What are the psychological disorders related this problem? 4. What are the probable solutions for this problem? 5. What are the laws in the Philippines to suppress this merciless act?

Findings of the Study Based on the results of the study, the following findings are drawn: 1. What is animal cruelty? Cruelty to animals, also called animal abuse or animal neglect, is the infliction of suffering or harm upon non-human animals, for purposes other than self-defense. More narrowly, it can be harm for specific gain, such as killing animals for food or for their fur, although opinions differ with respect to the

method of slaughter. Animal cruelty encompasses a range of different behaviors harmful to animals, from neglect to malicious, brutal killings. Active cruelty implies malicious intent, as when a person has deliberately and intentionally caused harm to an animal, and is sometimes referred to as NAI (Non-Accidental Injury). 2. How does animal abuse lead to human abuse? The FBIs investigation into the childhood of serial killers, and their discovery of juvenile animal abuse in most of these cases, drew the publics attention to this link initially. Less well known is the fact that many of the recent school shooters also engaged in animal cruelty before turning their aggression against their classmates, teachers, and parents. According to Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) and Northeastern University (1997), a person who has committed animal abuse is five times more likely to commit violence against people, four times more likely to commit property crimes like robbery or theft and three times more likely to be involved in drunken or disorderly offenses. 3. What are the psychological disorders related this problem? One of the known warning signs of certain psychopathologies,

including antisocial personality disorder, also known as psychopathic personality disorder, is a history of torturing pets and small animals, a behavior known as zoo sadism. According to the New York Times, the FBI has found that a history of cruelty to animals is one of the traits that regularly appears in its computer records of serial rapists and murderers, and the standard diagnostic

and treatment manual for psychiatric and emotional disorders lists cruelty to animals a diagnostic criterion for conduct disorders. 4. What are the probable solutions for this problem? Harsher punishment to offenders must be implemented. Or more importantly, something needs to be done about people getting dogs and cats in the first place. There needs to be a way to disallow inept, irresponsible, and abusive people from ever getting an animal. Obviously, our present system does not address this, as people are allowed to buy, use, and abuse animals as they please. The first step towards a progressive stance in pet ownership is to make a legal distinction between pet and property. With that distinction made, we could build a better system for animal welfare. Another probable solution is to teach your children earlier about the bad effects of hurting an animal. Strict adoptation rules will also help resolve this dilemma. 5. What are the laws in the Philippines to suppress this merciless act? Here in the Philippines, laws were made to punish animal offenders. Below are is an example: [Republic Act No. 8485]-AN ACT TO PROMOTE ANIMAL WELFARE IN THE PHILIPPINES OTHERWISE KNOWN AS "THE ANIMAL WELFARE ACT OF 1998. This law is subjected to high and heavy penalties.

Many jurisdictions around the world have enacted statutes which forbid cruelty to some animals but these vary by country and in some cases by the use or practice. In Australia, many states have enacted legislation outlawing cruelty to animals; however, it is argued that welfare laws do not adequately extend to production animals. Whilst police maintain an overall jurisdiction in prosecution of criminal matters, in many states officers of the RSPCA and other animal welfare charities are accorded authority to investigate and prosecute animal cruelty offenses. In Japan, the 1973 Welfare and Management of Animals Act (amended in 1999 and 2005) stipulates that "no person shall kill, injure, or inflict cruelty to animals without due course. Animal experiments are regulated by the 2000 Law for the Humane Treatment and Management of Animals, which was amended in 2006.

Chapter IV Conclusions and Recommendations This chapter presents the conclusion and recommendation in accordance with the findings. Conclusions 1. The researcher therefore concludes that animal cruelty is something that hurts or harms animals intentionally or unintentionally. Passive cruelty is through neglecting your pet by simply not feeding or taking care of them while active abuse is by directly hitting or killing animals like shooting them with guns or spears. 2. The researcher found out that someone who is guilty of killing or offending animals may think that killing a person is as simple as killing as a cat or dog. 3. The researcher therefore concludes that many psychological disorders are related on animal cruelty. Childhood trauma due to early abuse also contributes for them to harm animals. 4. The researcher found out that the problem of animal cruelty can be

eliminated. However, it will take time, money and combined effort of many people to reduce or better yet, totally remove this dilemma. 5. The researcher also found out that different institutions and the government of different countries are trying their very best to resolve animal abuse. They are implementing statutes to settle down this fast growing problem.

Recommendations 1. Animal cruelty is not a joke. We must take a stand against it. Either passive or active cruelty, we shall not offend animals for they are living things just like us humans. If this problem wont be stopped as soon as possible, it will be a domino effect to all aspects of nature and our life. 2. Children who are exposed to animal cruelty can be future serial killers. So, as soon as possible, parents must teach their child good manners and right conduct towards animals. 3. Psychological disordered persons have the guts to kill animals without any doubt. Parents must not abuse their child for they are the ones who are affected the most. If they are abused during their childhood, probably they will turn to human offenders. 4. Stop harming animals. The true key to totally stop animal cruelty is just simply love animals. 5. Laws in accordance to animal abuse should be abided by everyone. 6. We cannot deny that animal cruelty is chronic all over the world. The government must be harsher to convict animal killers so that they can be scared away.

Chapter V Bibliography A. Books Perez-Merz, Linda et. al (2004). Animal Cruelty: Pathway to Violence against People: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc. United States of America. Zilney, Lisa Anne (2007). Linking Animal Cruelty and Family Violence: Cambria Press United States of America. B. Hand Books Collins Thesaurus (2002) Oxford American College Dictionary (2002) C. Webliography http://eelink.net/~asilwildlife/phil_animal_act.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruelty_to_animals http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crush_fetish http://touslesanimaux.easydiscussion.net/t229-solutions-to-stop-animal-cruelty http://www.21stcenturycares.org/orlinks.htm http://www.customessaymeister.com/customessays/Issues/5388.htm http://www.dictionary.com http://www.facebook.com/pages/Stop-Animal-Cruelty/309604583304 http://www.thefreedictionary.com http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7Gzp0aPMpk

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