Overview of HTML5
Overview of HTML5
Khuloud N. AlOdan
ABSTRACT
HTML 5 addresses the needs of Web Applications, an area previously not adequately covered by HTML. Also
it attempts to solve problems found in previous versions of HTML with a wide range of new features including
form controls, APIs, multimedia, structure and semantics.
In this paper I will talk about HTML 5 concepts, the difference between it and the older versions. Also
introduce some new features that will help Web developer and authors.
Keywords
HTML, API, XML, DOM, W3C.
1.INTRODUCTION
Hyper text markup language as known as HTML was introduced in early of 1990. The most known version of
it was HTML 4 which has been around for a decade now. But the main area that has not been addressed yet
is Web Application. To give authors more flexibility and enable more interactive websites, HTML 5 was
introduced [2].
The work on HTML 5 was started in late 2003 as a proof of concept to show how to support and enhance the
areas that are not covered by HTML 4, Also to provide new features.
In 2006, W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) and WHATWG (Web Hypertext Application Technology Working
Group) joined their forces on development of the HTML 5. And since that time the work is still in the process
and HTML 5 is not yet final.
2.OVERVIEW OF HTML 5
HTML 5 is about moving HTML away from document markup, and turning it into a language for web
applications [5].
3.FEATURES PRESENTED IN HTML 5
3.1New Elements [4]
New elements are introduced in HTML 5, like:
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• section represents a generic document or application section. It can be used together with h1h6 to
indicate the document structure.
• article represents an independent piece of content of a document, such as a blog entry or
newspaper article.
• aside represents a piece of content that is only slightly related to the rest of the page.
• header represents the header of a section.
• footer represents a footer for a section and can contain information about the author, copyright
information, et cetera.
• nav represents a section of the document intended for navigation.
• dialog can be used to mark up a conversation
• Audio and video for multimedia content. Both provide an API so application authors can script their
own user interface, but there is also a way to trigger a user interface provided by the user agent.
source elements are used together with these elements if there are multiple streams available of
different types
There are a lot of other elements which enhance websites (for more details please refer to the
references).
3.2New Attributes [4]
New global attribute:
• The contenteditable attribute indicates that the element is an editable area. The user can change
the contents of the element and manipulate the markup.
• The contextmenu attribute can be used to point to a context menu provided by the author.
• The draggable attribute can be used together with the new drag & drop API.
• The irrelevant attribute indicates that an element is not yet, or is no longer, relevant.
There are several new attributes to elements which were introduced in HTML 4.
3.3New Structure [1]
HTML 5 introduces a whole set of new elements that make it much easier to structure pages. Most HTML 4
pages include a variety of common structures, such as headers, footers and columns and today, it is fairly
common to mark them up using div elements, giving each a descriptive id or class (see Figure 1).
Figure 1. Diagram illustrates a typical two-column layout marked up using divs with id and class attributes.
The use of div elements is largely because current versions of HTML 4 lack the necessary semantics for
describing these parts more specifically. HTML 5 addresses this issue by introducing new elements for
representing each of these different sections (see figure 2).
Figure 2. The div elements can be replaced with the new elements: header, nav, section, article, aside, and footer.
The markup for that document could look like the following:
<body>
<header>...</header>
<nav>...</nav>
<article>
<section>
...
</section>
</article>
<aside>...</aside>
<footer>...</footer>
</body>
3.4New Document Representation [1]
Unlike previous versions of HTML and XHTML, which are defined in terms of their syntax, HTML 5 is being
defined in terms of the Document Object Model (DOM)—the tree representation used internally by browsers
to represent the document. For example, consider a very simple document consisting of a title, heading and
paragraph (see Figure 3).
Figure 3. The DOM tree includes a title element in the head and h1 and p elements in the body.
3.5Web Application APIs [5]
HTML 5 introduces several APIs that will drastically improve the clientside web development environment.
These APIs are what set HTML 5 apart as a proposal for a technology stack for Web Applications, rather
than simply a markup language for documents. It should be noted that the details of these APIs are being
worked out by the Web API working group, so they may be adopted with or without the rest of HTML 5. The
new APIs and corresponding elements are:
• A 2D drawing API using the canvas element.
• API for playing of video and audio which can be used with the new video and audio elements.
• Persistent storage on the clientside with support for both key/value and SQL databases.
• An API that enables offline Web applications (similar to Google Gears).
• An API that allows Web Applications to register themselves for certain protocols or MIME types.
• An editing API that can be used in combination with the global contenteditable attribute.
• A drag & drop API that can be used with the draggable attribute.
• A network API allowing Web applications to communicate using TCP.
• An API that exposes the browser history, allowing applications to add to it so they don’t break the
back button.
• A crossdocument messaging API.
• Serversent events in combination with the new eventsource element.
4.DISCUSSION
After this research, I thought that HTML 5 is much simpler to use than HTML 4. With the new elements,
attributes and structure that I mentioned above it looks like HTML 5 will make things easier. Audio and video
elements are native solution to embed multimedia content. Also there are some elements and attributes were
dropped from the specification such as center, font, frame, align, border ….etc, which are better handled by
CSS.
The APIs that introduced by HTML 5 such as the use of canvas element to introduce a 2D drawing API and
the other APIs made HTML to move away from document markup language and turning it into a language for
web applications.
5.CONCLUSION
HTML 5 looks promising, with lots of new features that address common web development problems. The
specification is under recommendation, and it’s likely to stay that way for some time. But with industry support
from the four major browser vendors: Apple, Mozilla, Opera, and Microsoft, it’s likely that this specification will
be implemented quickly and consistently once it’s reached a stable state.
6.REFERENCES
[1] A Preview of HTML 5 (http://www.alistapart.com/articles/previewofhtml5) by Lachlan Hunt
[2] HTML 5 (http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html) by W3C
[3] HTML 5 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_5) by Wikipedia
[4] HTML 5 differences from HTML 4 (http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WDhtml5diff20080122/)
[5] XHTML 2 vs. HTML 5 (http://immike.net/blog/2008/02/06/xhtml2vshtml5/) by Mike Malone