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    ChemQuest 2001 27

    Uploaded by

    Aaron Thai-Hung Pham
    This document provides information about molecular shapes and bond angles. It includes Lewis dot structures and 3D shapes for common molecules like methane, ammonia, and water. The number of electron regions around an atom determines its bond angle. Molecules with 4 electron regions have a tetrahedral shape with bond angles of around 109 degrees. Those with 3 electron regions have trigonal planar or pyramidal shapes with bond angles near 120 degrees. Molecules with 2 electron regions are linear with a bond angle of 180 degrees. Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory states that electron pairs repel each other and determine molecular geometry.

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    ChemQuest 2001 27

    Uploaded by

    Aaron Thai-Hung Pham
    5K views4 pages
    This document provides information about molecular shapes and bond angles. It includes Lewis dot structures and 3D shapes for common molecules like methane, ammonia, and water. The number of electron regions around an atom determines its bond angle. Molecules with 4 electron regions have a tetrahedral shape with bond angles of around 109 degrees. Those with 3 electron regions have trigonal planar or pyramidal shapes with bond angles near 120 degrees. Molecules with 2 electron regions are linear with a bond angle of 180 degrees. Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory states that electron pairs repel each other and determine molecular geometry.

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    This document provides information about molecular shapes and bond angles. It includes Lewis dot structures and 3D shapes for common molecules like methane, ammonia, and water. The number of electron regions around an atom determines its bond angle. Molecules with 4 electron regions have a tetrahedral shape with bond angles of around 109 degrees. Those with 3 electron regions have trigonal planar or pyramidal shapes with bond angles near 120 degrees. Molecules with 2 electron regions are linear with a bond angle of 180 degrees. Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory states that electron pairs repel each other and determine molecular geometry.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    5K views4 pages

    ChemQuest 2001 27

    Uploaded by

    Aaron Thai-Hung Pham
    This document provides information about molecular shapes and bond angles. It includes Lewis dot structures and 3D shapes for common molecules like methane, ammonia, and water. The number of electron regions around an atom determines its bond angle. Molecules with 4 electron regions have a tetrahedral shape with bond angles of around 109 degrees. Those with 3 electron regions have trigonal planar or pyramidal shapes with bond angles near 120 degrees. Molecules with 2 electron regions are linear with a bond angle of 180 degrees. Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory states that electron pairs repel each other and determine molecular geometry.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 4
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that the shape of a molecule is determined by the number of electron regions (bonding pairs and lone pairs) around the central atom and that lone pairs take up more space than bonding pairs, affecting bond angles.

    An electron region is the space around the central atom containing either bonding or lone pair electrons. The number of electron regions determines the shape of the molecule, with 4 regions giving tetrahedral, 3 regions bent or trigonal planar, and 2 regions linear. Bond angles are related to the number of regions.

    A lone pair electron region contains non-bonding electrons, while a bonding pair region contains electrons shared between atoms in a bond. Lone pairs take up more space than bonding pairs, causing smaller bond angles when lone pairs are present.

    ChemQuest 27

    Name: ____________________________ Date: _______________ Hour: _____

    Information: Shapes of Molecules


    Name Lewis Structure Methane, CH4
    H H C H H

    Ammonia, NH3
    H N H H

    Water, H2O
    H O H

    Tetrahedral shape

    Trigonal pyramidal shape

    Bent shape

    3-D Shape
    Bond angle =109.5o Total # of electron regions # of Bonding electron regions # of lone pair electron regions Bond angle =106.5o Bond angle =104.5o

    4 4 0 Carbonate, CO32-

    4 3 1 Ozone, O3

    4 2 2 Carbon dioxide, CO2

    Name Lewis Structure

    Trigonal planar shape

    Bent shape

    Linear shape

    3-D Shape
    Bond angle =120o Total # of electron regions # of bonding electron regions # of lone pair electron regions

    Bond angle =118.6o

    Bond angle =180o

    3 3 0

    3 2 1

    2 2 0

    Critical Thinking Questions


    1. What is an electron region? A place around the central atom where electrons (either bonding or lone pair) can be found. 2. What is a "lone pair electron region"? A place around the central atom where electrons not bonding with another atom can be found. 3. What is a "bonding electron region"? A place around the central atom where electrons are shared with another atom. 4. The number of electron regions determines the bond angle. With this in mind, complete the following sentence: "Any molecule that has bond angles of approximately 105-109o will have ____4_______ total electron regions; any molecule that has bond angles of approximately 120o
    how many?

    will have ____3______ total electron regions; and any molecule with bond angles of
    how many?

    approximately 180o will have ____2______ total electron regions."


    how many?

    5. The molecules in the above table are representative of many other molecules. Therefore, it can be said that any molecule with 3 bonding electron regions and 1 lone pair electron region has a geometrical shape called "trigonal pyramidal". Draw Lewis dot structures for the following structures and name the geometrical shape. A) NO3B) NF3 C) CF4 trigonal planar
    6.

    trigonal pyramidal

    tetrahedral

    A certain molecule has a bent shape with bond angles of about 119o. Is the molecule SO2 or SH2? Explain. (Hint: draw the Lewis structures for SO2 and SH2.) The molecule is SO2 because SO2 has 3 electron domains which corresponds to bond angles near 120o. SH2 has 4 electron domains which would correspond to bond angles near 109o.

    Information: VSEPR
    The geometry of molecules is based on a theory called "Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion" (VSEPR) theory. The word "repulsion" is the key word because this theory states that all the electron pairs repel each other and so they want to get as far away from each other as possible. The atoms in a tetrahedral molecule are as far apart as geometrically possible at bond angles of 109.5o. There is no way that the atoms can get farther apart.

    Critical Thinking Questions

    7. In the tables above, there are 3 molecules that have a total of 4 electron regions. The bond angles are slightly different because of lone pair electrons. What takes up more room--a lone pair of electrons or a bonding pair of electrons? Offer proof from the table above. A lone pair takes up more room, which squeezes atoms a little closer together and causes the smaller bond angles. If you know how many bonding regions and lone pair regions surround an atom you can predict the bond angles around the atom, even in complex situations. Examine the following "big" molecules. By each arrow that points to an atom, write the bond angle for that atom; you should write 109o, 120o, or 180o to represent the approximate bond angle. One of them is done for you.
    8.

    109o
    H N C H H H C O H

    H C C C H H H C H H C

    120o because of 3 bonding regions and no lone pair regions

    H H C H

    109

    120o

    109o
    H H H H C H C H C H H C H N H H C H O H C C N H O C O

    120o

    180o

    109o

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