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    Osteoarthritis

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    eaboulola
    Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis characterized by articular cartilage loss and periarticular bone changes in synovial joints. It typically affects older adults over 50 and is more prevalent in females. While the primary cause is unknown, risk factors include obesity, joint trauma, and other diseases. Common symptoms include pain worsened by movement and relieved by rest, morning stiffness, and joint deformities. Diagnosis is based on x-rays showing narrowed joint spaces, osteophyte formation, and bone changes in advanced cases.

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    Osteoarthritis

    Uploaded by

    eaboulola
    847 views3 pages
    Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis characterized by articular cartilage loss and periarticular bone changes in synovial joints. It typically affects older adults over 50 and is more prevalent in females. While the primary cause is unknown, risk factors include obesity, joint trauma, and other diseases. Common symptoms include pain worsened by movement and relieved by rest, morning stiffness, and joint deformities. Diagnosis is based on x-rays showing narrowed joint spaces, osteophyte formation, and bone changes in advanced cases.

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    Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis characterized by articular cartilage loss and periarticular bone changes in synovial joints. It typically affects older adults over 50 and is more prevalent in females. While the primary cause is unknown, risk factors include obesity, joint trauma, and other diseases. Common symptoms include pain worsened by movement and relieved by rest, morning stiffness, and joint deformities. Diagnosis is based on x-rays showing narrowed joint spaces, osteophyte formation, and bone changes in advanced cases.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    847 views3 pages

    Osteoarthritis

    Uploaded by

    eaboulola
    Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis characterized by articular cartilage loss and periarticular bone changes in synovial joints. It typically affects older adults over 50 and is more prevalent in females. While the primary cause is unknown, risk factors include obesity, joint trauma, and other diseases. Common symptoms include pain worsened by movement and relieved by rest, morning stiffness, and joint deformities. Diagnosis is based on x-rays showing narrowed joint spaces, osteophyte formation, and bone changes in advanced cases.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
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    At a glance
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    Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage loss and new bone growth. It commonly affects weight bearing joints and is more prevalent in females and the elderly.

    Pain that worsens with use and improves with rest, morning stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes, and involvement of joints like the hands, feet, spine, hips and knees.

    Conditions like hip dysplasia, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, Paget's disease, fractures and certain metabolic disorders.

    Osteoarthritis

    Definition:
    It is a disease of synovial joint characterized by articular cartilage loss with
    an accompanying periarticular bone response.

    Note  it’s the most common form of arthritis.

    Epidemiology:
    • World wide.

    • Its twice as common in females as in males.

    • There is marked familial tendency (35-65% from multiple genes).

    • Primary OA uncommon before the age of 50 years.

    Etiology:
    • Primary  Unknown but affect elderly (more then 50
    year old) and obese.

    • Secondary  when degenerative joint change occur in


    response to a recognizable local or systemic factor.

    Causes of secondary OA:


    • Hip dysplasia.

    • RA.

    • SLE.

    • SCA.

    • Gout.

    • Paget's disease.

    • Goucher's disease.

    • Wilson's disease.

    • DM.

    • Tebes dorsalis.

    • Syringomyelia.

    • Peripheral nerve lesions.

    1 Dr. julianajulie
    • Intra-articular fracture.

    • Occuoational.

    • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

    • Mesicectomy.

    • Hemophilia.

    • Alkatonuria.

    • Hemochrmatosis.

    • Chondrocalcinosis.

    • Acromegaly.

    Pathology and Pathogenesis:


    Different insult can start the degenerative process but the most
    obvious:

    • Mechanical insult  trauma.

    • Biochemical abnormalities  chondrocytes release enzymes that


    degrade collagen and protoglycan.

    Progressive distruction and loss of articular cartilage  exposed


    subchondral bone become sclerotic  ↑ vascularity + cyst formation.

    Repair process produce cartilaginous growth at the margins of the joint 


    clacified  osteophtes.

    Clinical Features:
    • Pian  wores with motion and relieved by rest.

    • Stiffness  after rest, there is transient morning stiffness for less


    then 30 minutes.

    • Joints involved  distal interphalangeal joint, first carpometacarpal


    joint of the hand, first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot, weight
    bearing joints, vertebra, hip and knee.

    Note  elbow, wrist and ankle joint rarely affected.

    On Examination:

    • Deformity.

    • Bony enlargement.

    2 Dr. julianajulie
    • Limited joint movement.

    • Crepitus  common finding  due to disruption of normal smooth


    articulating surfaces of the joint  effusion maybe present.

    • Muscle wasting.

    • Heberden's nodes  swelling at DIPJ.

    • Bouchard's nodes  swelling at PIPJ.

    Note  type of swelling is hard swelling due to osteophtes formation.

    • In knee, cartilage loss due to OA results in  Varus or Valgus


    angulation.

    • Fluctuant swelling along posterior aspect of the knee, popliteal or


    Baker's cyst occur in some patients with knee effusion.

    Note  Asymmetrical joint involvement.

    Differential Diagnosis:
    • RA.

    • Pyrophosphate arthropathy.

    • Chronic tophaceous Gout.

    • Psoriatic arthritis.

    Investigations:
    • CBC and ESR  Normal.

    • X-ray  only abnormal in advanced disease, shows narrowing of the


    joint space (due to loss of cartilage), ostoephytes, subchondral
    sclerosis and cyst formation.

    3 Dr. julianajulie

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