. (Points: 4) An HSC6911 student has data that indicates the ownership status of all Florida hospitals.

The student sees that out of 200 acute care hospitals, 20 are private for-profit, 60 are governmentowned, and 120 are private not-for-profit. What measurement scale is this?

a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio e. none of the above.

Save Answer 2. (Points: 4) You have data on the ages of students in the hsc6911 class. The appropriate way to display and explore the data is:

a. a frequency table or bar graph. b. a histogram (bar graph with adjoining sides) c. a stem and leaf plot. d. B or C. e. none of the above.
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Save Answer 3.

(Points: 4) You have data on the ages of students in the hsc6911 class. Which measure of central tendency could you use?

a. mode. b. median. c. mean d. all of the above e. A & B only.

Save Answer 4. (Points: 4) An HSC6911 student administers a survey in which patients are to rate their satisfaction with hospital meals as very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied, very dissatisfied. The student finds that in one Florida hospital, out of 100 patients 20 are very satisfied, 20 are somewhat satisfied, 40 are somewhat dissatisfied, and 20 are very dissatisfied. What is the mode?

a. very satisfied. b. somewhat satisfied. c. somewhat dissatisfied. d. very dissatisfied. e. none of the above.
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Save Answer

5. (Points: 4) If a distribution has a long tail in the negative direction and the mean is less than the median, the distribution is said to be:

a. unimodal. b. bimodal. c. uniform. d. negatively skewed. e. positively skewed.

Save Answer 6. (Points: 4) You have data on the quality scores of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. The possible scores that hospitals can have are from 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 the highest. The data show the following scores: 1.5, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.6, 3.8, 3.9, 3.9, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.5, 4.6, 4.9, 4.9, 4.9. What is the range of these scores?

a. 0 to 5. b. 4 c. 3.4 d. 3
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Save Answer 7. (Points: 4)

You have data on the quality scores of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. The possible scores that hospitals can have are from 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 the highest. The data show the following scores: 1.5, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.6, 3.8, 3.9, 3.9, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.5, 4.6, 4.9, 4.9, 4.9. What is the mode of the scores?

a. 4.9 b. 4.1 c. 3.9 d. 3.5

Save Answer 8. (Points: 4) You have data on the quality scores of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. The possible scores that hospitals can have are from 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 the highest. The data show the following scores: 1.5, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.6, 3.8, 3.9, 3.9, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.5, 4.6, 4.9, 4.9, 4.9. What is the median of the scores?

a. 3.5 b. 3.9 c. 4.1 d. 4.9

Save Answer 9. (Points: 4) You have data on the quality scores of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. The possible scores that hospitals can have are from 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 the highest. The data show the following scores: 1.5, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.6, 3.8, 3.9, 3.9, 4,

4.1, 4.2, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.5, 4.6, 4.9, 4.9, 4.9. What is the mean of the scores?

a. 3.1 b. 3.5 c. 3.9 d. 4.1

Save Answer 10. (Points: 4) You have data on the quality scores of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. The possible scores that hospitals can have are from 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 the highest. The data show the following scores: 1.5, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.6, 3.8, 3.9, 3.9, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.5, 4.6, 4.9, 4.9, 4.9. What is the variance of the scores?

a. 0.32 b. 0.54 c. 0.79 d. 1.1

Save Answer 11. (Points: 4) You have data on the quality scores of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. The possible scores that hospitals can have are from 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 the highest. The data show the following scores: 1.5, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.6, 3.8, 3.9, 3.9, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.5, 4.6, 4.9, 4.9, 4.9. What is the standard deviation of the scores?

a. 0.56 b. 0.45 c. 0.75 d. 1.05

Save Answer 12. (Points: 4) You have data on the quality scores of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. The possible scores that hospitals can have are from 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 the highest. The data show the following scores: 1.5, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.6, 3.8, 3.9, 3.9, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.5, 4.6, 4.9, 4.9, 4.9. What is the Z score of 4.4?

a. 0.65 b. 0.86 c. 1.15 d. 1.75

Save Answer 13. (Points: 4) You have data on the quality scores of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. The possible scores that hospitals can have are from 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 the highest. The data show the following scores: 1.5, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.6, 3.8, 3.9, 3.9, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.5, 4.6, 4.9, 4.9, 4.9. Using the Z score, what percent of hospitals have a score GREATER THAN 4.4?

a. 5 percent

b. 6 percent c. 10 percent d. 20 percent e. 30 percent

Save Answer 14. (Points: 4) An advantage of the stem-and-leaf plot compared to other methods for displaying data is that:

a. all of the original data are preserved. b. any skewing of the distribution will be evident. c. it takes up less space. d. all of the above. e. none of the above.
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Save Answer 15. (Points: 4) If two variables are negatively correlated they:

a. both move in a positive direction. b. both move in a negative direction.

c. one variable increases the other declines d. any of the above. e. none of the above.
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Save Answer 16. (Points: 4) If two variables are negatively correlated they are reflected graphically with:

a. an upward sloping line. b. a downward sloping line. c. a flat line fixed on their coinciding means. d. none of the above.
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Save Answer 17. (Points: 4) If a correlation coefficient is found to be -0.9, which of the following will be true of the scatter plot for those data?:

a. All of the points will be fairly close to one straight line. b. The points will be almost randomly scattered. c. The points will exhibit a strong relation, but not a linear one. d. All of the above.

e. Nothing can be said about the scatterplot from the information given.
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Save Answer 18. (Points: 4) The fraction of the variation in the values of y that is explained by the least squares regression of y on x is

a. The square of the correlation coefficient (the coefficient of determination) b. The correlation coefficient c. The slope of the least squares regression line d. The intercept of the least squares regression line e. None of the above.
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Save Answer 19. (Points: 4) The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression line is

a. The line which makes the square of the correlation in the data as large as possible b. The line that minimizes the sum of squared vertical differences between the predicted value (called y-hat) and the observed value of y c. The line which best cuts the data in half, with half of the points above the line and half below the line d. All of the above

e. None of the above

Save Answer 20. (Points: 4) In a statistics course a linear regression was computed to predict length of stay (LOS) from the quality score of the hospital. The equation of the least squares regression line was Y = 7 0.5X, where Y represents the LOS in days and X the quality score. In what direction do the dependent and independent variables run?

a. they move in the same direction. b. both move in a positive direction. c. they move in an opposite direction. d. any of the above. e. none of the above.
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Save Answer 21. (Points: 4) In a statistics course a linear regression was computed to examine the relationship between length of stay (LOS) and RN/pt ratio. The equation of the least squares regression line was Y = 8 - 2X, where Y represents the LOS in days and X the RN/pt ratio. What is the meaning of -2X?

a. When X = 0, Y = 8. b. For every 1 unit increase in X there is a 2 days increase in Y. c. For every 1 unit increase in X there is a 2 days decrease in Y.

d. For every 2 unit increase in X there is a 1 day decrease in Y. e. Cannot be determined from the information given.
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Save Answer 22. (Points: 4) In a statistics course a linear regression was computed to examine the relationship between length of stay (LOS) and RN/pt ratio. The equation of the least squares regression line was Y = 8 - 2X, where Y represents the LOS in days and X the RN/pt ratio. What is the meaning of the 8?

a. When X = 0, Y = 8. b. For every 1 percent increase in X there is a 2 percent increase in Y. c. For every 1 percent increase in X there is a 2 percent decrease in Y. d. For every 2 percent increase in X there is a 1 percent decrease in Y. e. Cannot be determined from the information given.
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Save Answer 23. (Points: 4) In a statistics course a linear regression was computed to predict length of stay (LOS) from the quality score of the hospital. The equation of the least squares regression line was Y = 7 0.5X, where Y represents the LOS in days and X the quality score. Referring to this equation, suppose a hospitals quality score is 4. What is the predicted value of the hospitals LOS?

a. 2 b. 5

c. 7 d. 9 e. Cannot be determined from the information given.

Save Answer 24. (Points: 4) You have data on the quality scores and the average patient/RN ratios of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. The data show the following quality scores and matching patient/RN ratio for each hospital (the first number in the parentheses is the quality score, the second number is the patient/RN ratio): (1.1, 8), (1.3, 8), (1.5,7), (1.8, 6), (1.9, 7), (2,7), (2.4,6), (2.5,7), (2.5, 5), (2.8, 6) (3.1, 5), (3.1, 6), (3.3,7), (3.6, 5), (3.7, 4), (3.7, 5), (3.8, 6), (3.9, 4), (3.9, 4), (3.9, 5), (4, 6), (4.2, 6), (4.3, 4), (4.4, 5), (4.9. 4). If XY = 419, x = 5.72, y = 3.104, x = 1.24 y = 1.06, what is the correlation coefficient (r)?.

a. 0.55 b. 0.75 c. -0.55 d. -0.75 e. -0.90

Save Answer 25. (Points: 4) An HSC6911 student has data that indicates the ownership status of all Florida hospitals. The student groups the ownership types into 2 groups: for-profit and non-profit (includes both government and private non-profit). For each hospital, the student also has information about whether the hospital is JCAHO certified. This is indicated as a yes or no. The student wishes to know if a hospitals certification status is related to whether it is for-profit or nonprofit. Which of the following correlation methods could the student use?:

a. Pearsons r b. Point-biserial (rpbi) c. Spearman rank-order (rs) d. Phi () e. Gamma ()

Save Answer 26. (Points: 4) When creating a scatter plot, one should

a. Use the horizontal axis for the response (dependent) variable b. Use the horizontal axis for the explanatory (independent) variable c. Use a different plotting symbol if the explanatory variable is categorical than if the response variable is categorical d. Use a plotting scale that makes the overall trend roughly linear e. None of the above.
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Save Answer 27. (Points: 4) The table below shows the least squares regression output for a study on the impact of JCAHO certification on the number of deficiencies per nursing home resident. If the regression results below correspond to the regression equation with the form Y = a + bX, what is b?

a. 0.735 b. 0.540 c. 0.030 d. 0.177 e. -0.065

Save Answer 28. (Points: 4) The table below shows the least squares regression output for a study on the impact of nursing home ownership on the number of deficiencies per nursing home resident. If the regression results below correspond to the regression equation with the form Y = a + bX, what is a?

a. 0.314 b. 0.099 c. 0.042 d. 0.123 e. 0.018

Save Answer

29. (Points: 4) The table below shows the least squares regression output for a study on the impact of nursing home ownership on the number of deficiencies per nursing home resident. What is the proportion of the total variance accounted for by the regression?

a. 0.314 b. 0.099 c. 0.042 d. 0.123 e. 0.018

Save Answer 30. (Points: 4) The table below shows the least squares regression output for a study on the impact of average patient/RN ratios on the quality scores of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. If a hospital has a patient/RN ratio of 8, what quality score is predicted?

a. 1.577 b. 3.344 c. 5.368 d. 6.945 e. Not enough information to say

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Save Answer 31. (Points: 4) You have data on the quality scores of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. Nationally, hospital quality scores have a mean of 3.1 with a standard deviation of 0.79. What is the standard error of the mean for samples of 25 taken from this population (use the population standard deviation)?

a. 0.158 b. 0.204 c. 1.02 d. 1.05 e. cannot be determined from the information given
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Save Answer 32. (Points: 4) You have data on the quality scores of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. The possible scores that hospitals can have are from 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 the highest. The data show the following scores: 1.5, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.6, 3.8, 3.9, 3.9, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.5, 4.6, 4.9, 4.9, 4.9. You want to compare the mean of these scores to the national average score of 3.1 with a standard deviation of 0.79. Conduct a z test for this sample (use the standard error of the mean calculated from the population standard deviation). What is the z value? Note that this question builds on results from question #31.

a. 0.0154 b. 0.0505 c. 1.1515

d. 2.7089 e. cannot be determined from the information given.

Save Answer 33. (Points: 4) You have data on the quality scores of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. The possible scores that hospitals can have are from 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 the highest. The data show the following scores: 1.5, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.6, 3.8, 3.9, 3.9, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.5, 4.6, 4.9, 4.9, 4.9. You want to compare the mean of these scores to the national average score of 3.10 with a standard deviation of 0.79. (Note that the Florida sample score is higher than the national average). What is the probability that a random sample of hospitals across the U.S. could have an average score as high or higher than the average score in the Florida sample? Note that this question builds on results from questions #31 & 32.

a. 0.0034 b. 0.034 c. 0.88 d. 0.9966 e. cannot be determined from the information given.
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Save Answer 34. (Points: 4) You have data on the quality scores of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. The possible scores that hospitals can have are from 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 the highest. The data show the following scores: 1.5, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.6, 3.8, 3.9, 3.9, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.5, 4.6, 4.9, 4.9, 4.9. You want to compare these scores to the national average score of 3.10 with a standard deviation of 0.79. Further, you want to statistically test whether the Florida scores are significantly higher than the national average (alternative hypothesis). Your null hypothesis is that the Florida scores are not higher. What

type of null hypothesis testing will you conduct?

a. a one-tailed z test b. a two-tailed z test c. either one- or two-tailed z test, it doesnt matter. d. cannot be determined from the information given.
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Save Answer 35. (Points: 4) You have data on the quality scores of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. The possible scores that hospitals can have are from 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 the highest. The data show the following scores: 1.5, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.6, 3.8, 3.9, 3.9, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.5, 4.6, 4.9, 4.9, 4.9. You want to compare these scores to the national average score of 3.10 with a standard deviation of 0.79. Further, you want to statistically test whether the Florida scores are significantly higher than the national average (alternative hypothesis). Your null hypothesis is that the Florida scores are not higher. Can you reject your null hypothesis (and support your alternative hypothesis?) Test your null hypothesis at a p value of 0.05. Note that this question builds on results from questions #31, 32, 33 & 34.

a. Yes. b. No. c. cannot be determined from the information given.

Save Answer 36. (Points: 4) You have data on the quality scores of 25 hospitals in the state of Florida. The scores range from 1 to 5. The mean of the scores in the 25 hospitals is 3.4. The average national quality score has a standard deviation of 0.79. What is the 95% confidence interval (CI) for this

sample? (Use the population standard deviation for the standard error of the mean and use a two-tailed Z critical value.) Note that this question builds on results from question #31.

a. (2.7042, 3.4385) b. (2.099, 3.9560) c. (3.268, 3.544) d. (3.091, 3.709) e. cannot be determined from the information given.
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Save Answer 37. (Points: 4) The z score that falls on the borderline for the alpha level is called:

a. a Type I error b. a Type II error c. the critical z score d. the central limit theorem e. none of the above.
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Save Answer 38. (Points: 4) The standard deviation of the sampling distribution is called:

a. the standard error of the mean b. the sampling distribution of the mean c. a normal distribution d. the central limit theorem e. none of the above.
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Save Answer 39. (Points: 4) A smaller z score for a one-sample test indicates

a. a larger p. b. a smaller p. c. p remains the same, but alpha gets larger. d. p remains the same, but alpha gets smaller. e. none of the above.
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Save Answer 40. (Points: 4) The main advantage of a one-tailed test over a two-tailed test is that:

a. there is only half the risk of a Type 1 error.

b. only half the calculation is required to reject the null hypothesis. c. a smaller critical value is required to reject the null hypothesis. d. all of the above. e. A & B only.
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Save Answer 41. (Points: 4) A student in HSC6911 studied the effect of diabetic disease management on patients A1C blood test results. The student placed 25 new diabetic patients that presented at a local clinic into two groups: 15 were placed in a group in which the patients received the usual treatment plus they additionally received disease management care; 10 were placed in a group in which the patients received the usual treatment only. After 6 months the student measured the A1C levels of the patients in both groups. The mean A1C blood level for the 15 patients in the treatment group was 6, with an unbiased variance of 0.25. The mean A1C blood level for the 10 patients in the control group was 9 with an unbiased variance of 0.25. What is the pooled variance for these two samples?

a. 0.20 b. 0.25 c. 0.35 d. d. 0.40 e. e. cannot be determined from the information given.
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Save Answer 42. (Points: 4) A student in HSC6911 studied the effect of diabetic disease management on patients A1C blood test results. The student placed 25 new diabetic patients that presented at a local clinic into two groups: 15 were placed in a group in which the patients received the usual treatment

plus they additionally received disease management care; 10 were placed in a group in which the patients received the usual treatment only. After 6 months the student measured patients A1C levels. The mean A1C blood level for the 15 patients in the treatment group was 6, with an unbiased variance of 0.25. The mean A1C blood level for the 10 patients in the control group was 9 with an unbiased variance of 0.25. The student wishes to know whether there is a difference in A1C levels between the 2 groups (the null hypothesis is that there is no difference in A1C levels). Using the pooled variance you calculated in question # 41, what is the t value for the t test that compares the AIC levels of the treatment group to the control group?

a. 2.5689 b. 4.7845 c. 8.6633 d. 14.6999 e. 16.4383

Save Answer 43. (Points: 4) A student in HSC6911 studied the effect of diabetic disease management on patients A1C blood test results. The student placed 25 new diabetic patients that presented at a local clinic into two groups: 15 were placed in a group in which the patients received the usual treatment plus they additionally received disease management care; 10 were placed in a group in which the patients received the usual treatment only. After 6 months the student measured patients A1C levels. The mean A1C blood level for the 15 patients in the treatment group was 6, with an unbiased variance of 0.25. The mean A1C blood level for the 10 patients in the control group was 9 with an unbiased variance of 0.25. The student wishes to know whether there is a difference in A1C levels between the 2 groups (the null hypothesis is that there is no difference in A1C levels). What is the critical t value for a t test that is testing the difference between the two groups at a 0.05 level of significance?

a. 1.708 b. 1.714 c. 2.060

d. 2.069 e. cannot be determined from the information given.

Save Answer 44. (Points: 4) A student in HSC6911 studied the effect of diabetic disease management on patients A1C blood test results. The student placed 25 new diabetic patients that presented at a local clinic into two groups: 15 were placed in a group in which the patients received the usual treatment plus they additionally received disease management care; 10 were placed in a group in which the patients received the usual treatment only. After 6 months the student measured patients A1C levels. The mean A1C blood level for the 15 patients in the treatment group was 6, with an unbiased variance of 0.25. The mean A1C blood level for the 10 patients in the control group was 9 with an unbiased variance of 0.25. The student wishes to know whether there is a difference in A1C levels between the 2 groups (the null hypothesis is that there is no difference in A1C levels). Are the A1C blood levels of the treatment group significantly different than those of the control group at a 0.05 level of significance? (Use the t value that you calculated in question # 42 and the critical t value you found in question #43.)

a. Yes. b. No. c. cannot be determined from the information given.

Save Answer 45. (Points: 4) You need to use the t distribution as your null hypothesis distribution whenever

a. the population mean and variance are unknown. b. the population mean is unknown and the sample size is small.

c. the population mean is small and the sample size is unknown. d. the population variance is unknown and the sample size is small.
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Save Answer 46. (Points: 4) Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is an indicator of the amount of competition among firms in the local market. The normalized index ranges from 0 to 1. A small index indicates a competitive industry with no dominant players; a large index indicates oligopoly or monopoly conditions. A UCF professor matched data on HHI for all local markets for the state of Florida with the hospitals in those markets. Her alternative hypothesis was that the quality scores of hospitals were higher in the more competitive markets (low index). A regression analysis resulted in the output in the table below. What proportion of the total variance is accounted for by the regression?

a. 1.025 b. 2.111 c. 1.816 d. 0.113

Save Answer 47. (Points: 4) Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is an indicator of the amount of competition among firms in the local market. The normalized index ranges from 0 to 1. A small index indicates a competitive industry with no dominant players; a large index indicates oligopoly or monopoly conditions. A UCF professor matched data on HHI for all local markets for the state of Florida with the hospitals in those markets. Her alternative hypothesis was that the quality scores of hospitals were higher in the more competitive markets (low index). A regression analysis resulted in the output in the table below. If the HHI is 0.5, what quality score would you predict?

a. 1.686 b. 2.257 c. 3.041 d. 3.344 e. 4.737

Save Answer 48. (Points: 4) Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is an indicator of the amount of competition among firms in the local market. The normalized index ranges from 0 to 1. A small index indicates a competitive industry with no dominant players; a large index indicates oligopoly or monopoly conditions. A UCF professor matched data on HHI for all local markets for the state of Florida with the hospitals in those markets. Her alternative hypothesis was that the quality scores of hospitals were higher in the more competitive markets (low index). A regression analysis resulted in the output in the table below. If the HHI is 0.8, what quality score would you predict?

a. 1.686 b. 2.257 c. 3.041 d. 3.344 e. 4.737

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Save Answer 49. (Points: 4) Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is an indicator of the amount of competition among firms in the local market. The normalized index ranges from 0 to 1. A small index indicates a competitive industry with no dominant players; a large index indicates oligopoly or monopoly conditions. A UCF professor matched data on HHI for all local markets for the state of Florida with the hospitals in those markets. Her alternative hypothesis was that the quality scores of hospitals were higher in the more competitive markets (low index). A regression analysis resulted in the output in the table below. Interpret the results based on the indicated coefficient and the p-value.

a. Hospitals in markets with high HHI (less competitive) have higher quality scores. b. Hospitals in market with high HHI (less competitive) have lower quality scores. c. There is no relationship between HHI and quality scores. d. There is not enough information to say whether there is a relationship or not.
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Save Answer 50. (Points: 4) The table below shows the least squares regression output for a study on the impact of nursing home ownership on the number of deficiencies per nursing home resident. Ownership was coded as 1 = private non-profit; 2 = private for-profit, 3 = government. Given these results, should the researcher reject the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the number of nursing home deficiencies related to nursing home ownership? (Use a p-value of 0.05 to make your assessment.)

a. yes

b. no c. cannot be determined from the information given.

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