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    Introduction Tor He Ology 2

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    Benni Wewok
    The document provides an introduction to rheology, the study of material flow. It discusses key concepts such as viscoelastic behavior, oscillatory rheology using techniques like strain sweeps and frequency sweeps, and linear vs nonlinear rheological measurements. Specific measurement techniques are described, including microrheology to probe material properties at small length scales. Nonlinear rheological behavior is emphasized along with methods to study its microscopic origins.

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    Introduction Tor He Ology 2

    Uploaded by

    Benni Wewok
    27 views31 pages
    The document provides an introduction to rheology, the study of material flow. It discusses key concepts such as viscoelastic behavior, oscillatory rheology using techniques like strain sweeps and frequency sweeps, and linear vs nonlinear rheological measurements. Specific measurement techniques are described, including microrheology to probe material properties at small length scales. Nonlinear rheological behavior is emphasized along with methods to study its microscopic origins.

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    The document provides an introduction to rheology, the study of material flow. It discusses key concepts such as viscoelastic behavior, oscillatory rheology using techniques like strain sweeps and frequency sweeps, and linear vs nonlinear rheological measurements. Specific measurement techniques are described, including microrheology to probe material properties at small length scales. Nonlinear rheological behavior is emphasized along with methods to study its microscopic origins.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views31 pages

    Introduction Tor He Ology 2

    Uploaded by

    Benni Wewok
    The document provides an introduction to rheology, the study of material flow. It discusses key concepts such as viscoelastic behavior, oscillatory rheology using techniques like strain sweeps and frequency sweeps, and linear vs nonlinear rheological measurements. Specific measurement techniques are described, including microrheology to probe material properties at small length scales. Nonlinear rheological behavior is emphasized along with methods to study its microscopic origins.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 31

    10 5 strain 0 -5 -10x10

    -3 strain stress

    10 5 0 stress [Pa]

    -5 -10

    6 time [s]

    10

    12

    Introduc)ontoRheology
    D.Vader,H.Wyss Weitzlabgroupmee)ngtutorial

    Whatisrheology?
    RheologyisthestudyoftheowofmaBer:mainly liquidsbutalsosoEsolidsorsolidsundercondi)onsin whichtheyowratherthandeformelas)cally.It appliestosubstanceswhichhaveacomplexstructure, includingmuds,sludges,suspensions,polymers,many foods,bodilyuids,andotherbiologicalmaterials.
    Cheese Emulsions

    Biopolymers Foams

    Whatisrheology?
    Thetermrheologywascoinedin1920s,and wasinspiredbyaGreekquota)on,"pantarei", "everythingows". Inprac)ce,rheologyisprincipallyconcerned withextendingthe"classical"disciplinesof elas)cityand(Newtonian)uidmechanicsto materialswhosemechanicalbehaviorcannot bedescribedwiththeclassicaltheories.

    Basicconcepts
    L area A F L + L F

    area A F

    F x

    Simplemechanicalelements
    Elastic solid: force (stress) proportional to strain

    Viscous fluid: force (stress) proportional to strain rate

    Viscoelastic material: time scales are important Fast deformation: solid-like Slow deformation: fluid-like

    Responsetodeforma)on
    Step strain time stress

    time stress

    time stress

    time

    Oscillatoryrheology
    10 5 strain 0 -5 -10x10
    -3 strain stress

    10 5 0 stress [Pa]

    -5 -10

    6 time [s]

    10

    12

    Elastic solid: Viscous fluid: Viscoelastic material, use:

    Stress and strain are in phase Stress and strain are out of phase

    Lissajouplots
    10 5 strain 0 -5 -10x10
    -3 strain stress

    10 5 0 10 stress [Pa] stress [Pa] 5 0 -5


    -3

    Lissajou

    G'

    -5 -10

    6 time [s]

    10

    12

    -10 -10x10 -5 0 strain 5 10

    10 strain rate [1/s] 5 0 -5


    -3

    strain rate stress

    10 stress [Pa] 5 0 -5 stress [Pa]

    10 5 0 -5
    -3

    G''/

    -10x10

    -10 0 2 4 6 time [s] 8 10 12

    -10 -10x10 -5 0 5 strain rate [1/s] 10

    Straincontrolvsstresscontrol
    Strain-controlled Stress-controlled

    ARES

    Bohlin, AR-G2, Anton Paar

    Straincontrolvsstresscontrol
    Straincontrolledstatetypicallyconsidered be2erdened StresscontrolledrheometershavebeBer torquesensi)vity Straincontrolledrheometerscanprobehigher frequencies BUTnowadays,feedbackloopsarefast enoughthatmostrheometerscanoperateOK inbothmodes

    Rheometergeometries
    Cone-plate
    uniform strain / strain-rate fixed gap height

    Plate-plate
    non-uniform strain adjustable gap height good for testing boundary effects like slip

    Couette cell
    good sensitivity for low-viscosity fluids

    Linearviscoelas)city
    Acquire data at constant frequency, increasing stress/strain

    storage modulus G loss modulus G

    strain amplitude 0

    Typicalprotocol
    Limitsoflinearviscoelas)cregimeindesired frequencyrangeusingamplitudesweeps =>yieldstress/strain,cri)calstress/strain Testfor)mestability,i.e)mesweepatconstain amplitudeandfrequency Frequencysweepatvariousstrain/stress amplitudeswithinlinearregime Studynonlinearregime

    Nonlinearrheology(ofbiopolymers)
    Unlikesimplepolymergels,manybiologicalmaterials includingbloodvessels,mesentery<ssue,lungparenchyma, corneaandbloodclotss<enastheyarestrained,thereby preven<nglargedeforma<onsthatcouldthreaten<ssue integrity.(Stormetal.,2005)

    stiffening

    weakening

    Oscillatorystrainsweeps(collagengels)

    LissajouplotsfromtheG2Rawdatatool
    Lissajouplot,1%strain

    Nonlinear Lissajou plot


    4

    2 stress [Pa]

    -2

    -4
    -3

    -40x10

    -20

    0 strain

    20

    40

    Nonlinear Lissajou plot


    4
    RAW DATA ' (elastic stress) fit to '

    2 stress [Pa]

    -2

    -4
    -3

    -40x10

    -20

    0 strain

    20

    40

    2.4mg/mLconeplate

    2.4mg/mLconeplate

    MITLAOSMATLABpackage

    Creepringing

    Creepringing
    Norman&Ryansworkhere(brin,jamming) GoodtutorialbyEwoldt&McKinley(MIT)

    Creepringingresults

    I:bulkproper)es

    Morenonlinearrheology
    Stress/strainrampswithconstantrate Prestressmeasurements,i.e.smallstress oscilla)onsaroundaconstant(pre)stress Prestrainmeasurements TransientresponsesinLAOS(talktoStefan) Fourierdomainanalysis SRFS(talktoHans) Linear behavior

    Originofnonlinearbehavior
    Distribu)onoflengthscales/inhomogenei)es Rearrangementofpar)cles/laments Nonanemo)on Howdowendout?
    Observation at the microscopic scale: Microrheology Microscopy

    Microrheologybasics
    Generalidea:lookatthethermallydriven mo)onofmicronsizedpar)clesembeddedina material Meansquaredisplacementofpar)clesasa func)onof)meprovidesmicroscopic informa)ononlocalelas)candviscousmaterial proper)esasafunc)onoffrequency MasonandWeitz,PRL,1995

    Shortandlong)mescales
    Short time scales: diffusive Long time scales: spring-like

    r: position vector D: diffusion constant : lag time kT: thermal energy a: particle size : viscosity

    K: effective springconstant, linked to elastic properties

    What about intermediate times?

    GeneralizedStokesEinstein

    Take Laplace transform of () numerically, to get (s) with s=i. From earlier, we know:

    We can then get the generalized complex modulus, by analytically extending:

    i.e.

    2pointvs1pointmicrorheology
    2-point microrheology calculates a mean-square displacement from the correlated pair-wise motion of particles, rather than the singleparticle MSD.

    Black: bulk rheology Red: 2-point microrheology Blue: 1-point microrheology Open symbols: G

    Otherconsidera)ons
    Nonlinearregimenontrivial,butmore interes)ng. Surfaceeectscanbeimportant. Imagingtogureoutmechanisms. Richnessofeects,mechanisms,)me,length andenergyscalespresentinsoEmaBer/ complexuids. MoretoexploreonWeitzlabwebpage. MoreatComplexFluidsmee)ngs.

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