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    En0175 03

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    lsatchithananthan
    This document provides examples of using the finite element method (FEM) to solve problems and compares the solutions to exact solutions. It presents two cases of using FEM to solve a 1D problem of displacement due to a distributed load. The first case uses one node, resulting in a simple algebraic solution matching the exact solution. The second case uses two nodes, providing a slightly more sophisticated solution also matching the exact solution. It then briefly discusses extending FEM to 2D and 3D, involving element connectivity and different element types.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    En0175 03

    Uploaded by

    lsatchithananthan
    38 views8 pages
    This document provides examples of using the finite element method (FEM) to solve problems and compares the solutions to exact solutions. It presents two cases of using FEM to solve a 1D problem of displacement due to a distributed load. The first case uses one node, resulting in a simple algebraic solution matching the exact solution. The second case uses two nodes, providing a slightly more sophisticated solution also matching the exact solution. It then briefly discusses extending FEM to 2D and 3D, involving element connectivity and different element types.

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    EN0175-03

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    This document provides examples of using the finite element method (FEM) to solve problems and compares the solutions to exact solutions. It presents two cases of using FEM to solve a 1D problem of displacement due to a distributed load. The first case uses one node, resulting in a simple algebraic solution matching the exact solution. The second case uses two nodes, providing a slightly more sophisticated solution also matching the exact solution. It then briefly discusses extending FEM to 2D and 3D, involving element connectivity and different element types.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    38 views8 pages

    En0175 03

    Uploaded by

    lsatchithananthan
    This document provides examples of using the finite element method (FEM) to solve problems and compares the solutions to exact solutions. It presents two cases of using FEM to solve a 1D problem of displacement due to a distributed load. The first case uses one node, resulting in a simple algebraic solution matching the exact solution. The second case uses two nodes, providing a slightly more sophisticated solution also matching the exact solution. It then briefly discusses extending FEM to 2D and 3D, involving element connectivity and different element types.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    of 8

    EN0175

    09 / 12 / 06

    Intro to FEM (continued) Examples of using FEM to solve a problem and comparison with exact solution: We consider a problem already discussed in the previous class:

    x
    g

    Solution by exact method:

    x (L x ) 2E g (L 2 x ) = 2 u=

    u
    gL
    2

    0
    0
    L 2

    L 2

    gL
    2

    Now we will solve the same problem by FEM: In FEM, the displacement is discretized as u ( x) = reduced to algebraic equation:

    u
    k =1

    wk ( x) and the governing equation is

    KU = F or
    where K jk =

    K
    k =1

    jk

    uk = Fj
    L

    L 0

    ' (x )dx , F j = f w j (x ) dx = g w j (x ) dx (see notes of E w'j ( x )wk L 0 0

    EN0175

    09 / 12 / 06

    previous lecture). FEM nodes:

    wj
    1

    j 1 j j + 1

    x x j 1 , x x j 1 , x j x x j j 1 x j +1 x , x x j , x j +1 w j (x ) = x j +1 x j 0, otherwise

    ] ]

    Case study 1: In the simplest possible case, we choose only one node, i.e. n = 1 . In this case, we have one node and 2 elements.

    L/2

    u ( x ) = u1w1 ( x )
    x ,0< x< L 2 L2 w1 ( x ) = Lx ,L 2< x< L L2

    2 L,0< x< L 2 w1' ( x ) = 2 , L 2 < x < L L 0, otherwise


    2

    EN0175

    09 / 12 / 06

    K11u1 = F1
    L L 2 E 2 K11 = E w1' ( x )dx = E dx = 4 0 0 L L 2

    F1 = g w1 ( x ) dx =
    L 0

    gL
    2

    u1 =

    gL2 F1 = K11 8E

    u=

    g
    2E

    x(L x )

    0
    Exact solution:

    L 2
    g L
    L gL2 L = 2E 2 2 8E

    u (x = L 2) =

    FEM solution for stress:

    ( x ) = Eu ' (x ) = Eu1 w1' ( x ) =


    =

    2 Eu1 / L, 0 < x < L 2 2 Eu1 / L, L 2 < x < L

    gL 1, 0 < x < L 2

    4 1, L 2 < x < L

    EN0175

    09 / 12 / 06

    integration points

    Remarks: 1.

    FEM = (x ) element (Stress calculated using FEM corresponding to an average of stress over

    an element). 2. Stress is not well defined at the nodal points (taking on different values depending on which side of the node). It is better to evaluate stress at integration points. Case study 2: With slightly more sophistication and still within the possibility of doing calculation by hand, we can choose two nodes n = 2 .

    L 3

    2L 3

    u ( x ) = u1w1 ( x ) + u2 w2 ( x )
    x 0, 2 L / 3 < x < L ,0< x<L 3 L3 x L 3 , L 3 < x < 2L 3 w1 ( x ) = 2 L 3 x , L 3 < x < 2 L 3 , w2 ( x ) = L 3 L3 Lx , 2L 3 < x < L 0, 2 L / 3 < x < L L3

    EN0175

    09 / 12 / 06

    3 L , (0, L 3) 3 w1' (x ) = , (L 3 , 2 L 3) , L 0 , (2 L 3 , L )

    0, (0, L 3) 3 ' (x ) = w2 , ( L 3 , 2 L 3) L 3 , (2 L 3 , L ) L

    w1

    w2

    K K = 11 K 21
    L

    K12 K 22
    '2 1 2L 3 0

    K11 = E w ( x )dx =
    0 L 2

    6E 3 E dx = L L 6E 3 E dx = L L
    2L 3 L3 2

    ' (x )dx = K 22 = E w2 0

    L L3

    ' (x )dx = K12 = E w1' ( x )w2 L 0

    3E 3 3 = K 21 E dx = L L L

    K=

    3E 2 1 L 1 2

    (Comment: The stiffness matrix is highly banded and sparse, and in some cases can be easily determined. If n = 100 for the present problem, we can extract the above calculations to determine

    EN0175

    09 / 12 / 06

    2 1 1 2 1 K = Cn 1 2 O 1 O O 1 2

    Nodal forces: F1 = F2 =

    gL
    3

    KU = F
    3E 2 1 u1 gL 1 = 3 1 L 1 2 u 2 2 u1 gL 1 2 1 1 gL2 1 = = 9 E 1 9E 3 1 2 1 u 2

    u1 = u2 =

    gL2
    9E

    Exact solution:

    u ( x = L 3) =

    g L

    L gL2 L = 2E 3 3 9E

    u ( x = 2 L 3) =

    g 2L

    2 L gL2 = L 2E 3 3 9E

    EN0175

    09 / 12 / 06

    u=

    g
    2E

    x(L x )

    0
    FEM solution for stress:

    ' (x ) (x ) = Eu ' (x ) = Eu1w1' (x ) + Eu2 w2

    gL 2 gL 3

    integration points

    Brief overview of FEM in 2D and 3D (read course notes Section 1.2 on the web):

    EN0175

    09 / 12 / 06

    Node number (integer); Nodal displacement (vector); (can also include other physical quantities e.g. temperature, pressure, etc.) Elements: associated with a number of nodes; Element connectivity; Type of elements: Linear elements: Quadratic elements:

    3 nodal triangle (linear)

    6 nodal triangle

    w( x, y ) = a1 + a 2 x + a3 y

    w( x, y ) = a1 + a 2 x + a34 y + a 4 xy + a 5 x 2 + a 6 y 2

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