Quantitative

TITLE:
Work Sampling: A quantitative analysis of nursing activity in a neurorehabilitation setting. Keywords: neuro-rehabilitation, nursing activity, quantitative analysis, rehabilitation nursing, work sampling.
The title is a good one and can easily be understood by readers specially us novice ones. The title leaves curiosity to the readers minds which in return will let the reader read the article.
ABSTRACT:
Title: Work Sampling: A quantitative analysis of nursing activity in a neuro-rehabilitation setting. Aim: The aim of this investigation was to establish the distribution and proportion of nursing activity represented by patient-related care activities (direct & indirect), and other nursing activities (unit-related and personal0 within one impatient neurological rehabilitation unit. Background: A set of tools has been developed for estimating the care/nursing hours required for direct hands-on patient care in hospital rehabilitation settings. However, to apply this information to estimate the actual staffing requirements in relation to a given caseload, it is necessary to know the proportion of nursing workload assigned to other activities and how this may vary throughout the day. Method: A work sampling study was conducted during 2004. A snapshot of nursing activity was recorded at 5-minute intervals from 06:00 to 23:55 spread over two weeks, with one session from 06:00 to 15:25 and the second from 15:30 to 23:55. Results: A total of 8883 nursing activities were observed and recorded over 126 hours and categorized as follows: 4060 (46%) direct patient care, 2218 (25%) indirect patient care, and 874 (10%) unit-related and 1731 (19%) personal time. The proportions of direct care fluctuated throughout the day, with direct care activities mainly concentrated in early mornings and to a lesser extent evenings.
Conclusion: Direct patient care accounted for less than half of the nursing activity in a rehabilitation setting. Estimates of staffing requirement must also take account of the time required for indirect care and non-patient related activity. The abstract concisely summarizes the main features of the article and gives an overview about the research article.
INTRODUCTION:
Statement of the purpose:
The aim of this investigation was to establish the distribution and proportion of nursing activity represented by patient-related care activities (direct & indirect), and other nursing activities (unit-related and personal0 within one impatient neurological rehabilitation unit. Three objectives: 1. To identify the relative proportion of observed workload in four different categories of activity. (Direct care, indirect care, unit-related, personal time) 2. To identify any trends of variation in nursing activities throughout the day and to map these on to the care timetables derived from the NPCNA. 3. To identify which, if any nursing activities are regularly performed by the RNs. The stated statement of purpose is good because it lets the readers specially nurses have an idea about nursing activities regarding the said area.
Research Problem:
1. What proportion of nurses workload is taken up with other activities. 2. How nursing activities are distributed throughout the day. 3. The relative proportion of activities requiring qualified staff. The stated problem can also be found at the abstract section and is easy to identify. The problems also have significance to the nursing profession.
Literature review:
I could say that the review provide a state-of-the-art synthesis of evidence. The research leans heavily on recent information and only a few references are used.
METHODS:
Protection of human rights:
Appropriate procedures were used to protect the rights of the participants. Maintenance of confidentiality was maintained during the analysis of data.
Research design:
Quantitative approach is used because it is appropriate to the research topic. The research design used was observational study (descriptive) because the study summarizes the status of phenomena.
Population and Sample:

The exact number of the population was not mentioned rather it was being categorized. The category of the population was detailed sufficiently.
Data collection and measurement:

Data were collected using a non participant observational work sampling or activity analysis technique. A snapshot of nursing activity was collected every 5 mins because it was suggested that shorter time intervals between data collection points provides greater accuracy of actual workload. Some instruments were also described.
Procedures:
Procedures were adequately described and were implemented rigorously. The data were collected in a manner that bias was minimized.

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