Pre TPS Dimensions and Units Tutorial Solutions

1. a. MLT-2; b. MLT-2; c. L; d. T; e. L3; f. ML2T-2

2. M-1L3T-2 a. metric nt.m2/kg2; b. imperial lbs.ft2/slug2 (note that these are not exhaustive)

3. a. yes; b. no; c. yes; d. yes; e. no; f. yes.

4. 42,320 kms

5. P = 52.76 lbs/sq.ft. = 0.37 lbs/sq.in. = 0.025 atmospheres

Name: _________________ Algebra Tutorial Solutions 1. Combine: a. 2x + (3x 4y) b. 4 x 2 + 5 x (3x 7) + (2 x 2 + 3)

5x 4y 2x2 + 2x + 10

c.

[(x + 2y) (x + 3y)] [(2x + 3y) (-4x + 5t)] -6x 4y + 5t

2. Add: a. x 2 + 2 x 1 + 3x 4 + 2 x 2 + 5

3x2 + 5x

b. 7 x + 3 y 3 4 xy , 3x 2 y 3 + 7 xy , 2 xy 5 x 6 y 3 5x 5y3 + 5xy

c. + + 2 + 3 + 4

7 + 3

3. Subtract: a. 2 x 2 3xy + 5 y 2 from 10 x 2 2 yx 3 y 2 8x2 +xy 8y2

4. Remove brackets and simplify: a. 2( x 2 4 x)

2x2 8x -2a2 3ab 2x2 -22x -14xy 6.8t2 10.6t

b. a(2a + 3b) c. 2x[-4(3 + 2y) + (x + y + 1)] d. 2(t 3 + 1.4t 2 2.7t ) 4(0.5t 3 t 2 + 1.3t )

5. Multiply and simplify: a. (x + y)(x + 4)

x2 + (4 + y)x +4y

b. (3 xy )(2 x 2 y + 3 y 2 x + 3 xy )

6x3y2 + 9x2y3 +9x2y2

c. ( x y )( x 2 + y + 3)

x3 + xy + 3x x2y y2 3y

d. ( p + 6q )( p 2 + 2 pq + q 2 )

p3 + 8p2q +13pq2 + 6q3

6. Divide: a. (24 x 4 y 2 z 3 ) (3x 3 y 4 z ) -8xz2/y2

b. x 2 + 2 x 4 3 x 3 + x 2 x 2 3 x + 2

] [

2x2 + 3x + 6 + (13x -14)/(x2 -3x + 2)

7. Factor: a. x 2 + xy x(x + y)

b. x 2 y 2

(x + y)(x y)

c. 4 x 2 y 2

(2x + y)(2x y)

d. x 2 7 x + 6 e. x 2 + 2 xy 8 y 2

(x 6)(x 1)

(x + 4y)(x 2y)

f. 6 x 2 y + 4 y 2 x + 2

2xy(3x + 2y) + 2

8. Simplify: a. x 2 xy x 2 3x (x y)/(x 3)

x2 y2 b. ( x + y) 2

(x y)/x + y)

x 2 3x + 2 c. 2 x

(1 x)

9. Express as a single fraction: 1 4 a. + x y

(4x + y)/xy

b.

4 5 3xy 6 yz

(8z 5x)/6xyz

c.

6 3x + 2 x 6 x +2
2

6(x2 + 2) + 3x(x2 6)/(x2 6)(x2 +2)

Name: _________________ Linear & Quadratic Equation Tutorial Solutions

1. Solve for x : a. 7x 3 = 25 b. 2x + 1 = 3x 3 c. 3(x + 7) 2(x + 13) = 0 x2 x4 = x+2 x+4

x=4 x=4 x=5

d.

x=0

2. Solve for x and y a. 3x + 6y = 11 14x y = 3 b. 3y + 2x = 2 3x + 5y = 41 c. 3x 1 = -y + 7 x + 3y = 0

x = 1/3; y = 5/3

x = 7; y = 4

x = 3; y = -1

3. Solve for x, y, and z

a.

x+ y+z =0 3x 3 y 3 z = 12 x y + 2 z = 7

x = -2; y = 3; z = -1

2 x y 3 z = 11

b. x 2 y z = 15 3x + 3 y + z = 26

x = 1; y = 7; z = 2

4. Solve for x by factorization: a. x 2 + 3x + 2 = 0 b. x 2 + 8 x + 15 = 0 c. x 2 6 x + 9 = 11

x = -1, -2

x = -3, -5 x = 3 11

5. Solve for x using the standard quadratic formula: a. 3x 2 5 x + 1 = 0 b. 2 x 2 6 x + 3 = 0

x = (5 13)/6 x = (6 12)/4

Name: _______________________
Trigonometry Tutorial

1. Given:

Solutions

20 A 17
Find: sin A cos A tan A 2. Given: sin A = 2/5 c=5

B 10

10/20=0.5 ________________________ 17/20=0.85 ________________________ 10/17=0.59 ________________________

c A b
Find: a b B

B a

2 ________________________
________________________
1 1

c 2 a 2 = 25 4 = 21
o

sin (b c ) = sin (0.92 ) = 66 ________________________

3 2

3. sin 45 =

1 2

sin 60 =

2 2 cos 45 = ______________
1 tan 45 = ______________ sin 0 = 0 ______________

1/2 cos 60 = _______________ 1/2 sin 30 = _______________

3 tan 60 = _______________

1 cos 0 = ______________

4. Given:
y

-x

-y

Find: sign of:

tan

+ ______ + ______ ______ ______

sin cos
sin

5. Given:
c A b B a C

a = 126
B = 60 o C = 65 o Find: A b c 180-60-65=55 _______ 0.87 sin(B ) = 126 = 133.2 b=a 0.82 sin(A) _______ 0.91 sin(C ) = 126 = 139.4 c=a _______ 0.82 sin(A)

[Recall the law of sines and/or the law of cosines]

6. Show that:
cos( + 2 ) = cos (cos cos sin sin ) sin (cos sin + sin cos )

cos( + 2 ) = cos cos(2 ) sin sin(2 ) = cos cos 2 sin 2 2 sin sin cos = = cos cos 2 sin sin cos cos sin 2 sin sin cos = = cos (cos cos sin sin ) sin (cos sin + sin cos )
7. Find the corresponding number of radians or degrees a. 315 degrees b. 120 degrees c. 100 degrees d. radians e. 5 radians 4 7/4 __________ 2/3 __________ 5/9 __________ 180 __________ 225 __________ 91.72 __________

f. 1.6 radians

8. Given an aircraft traveling north at 100 kts into a 20 knot headwind from 350 degrees.
10 o

c a

20 kts

b
100 kts

Ground speed

Cross track angle

Find: Ground speed and cross track angle

a2 = b2 +c2 - 2bc cos = 1002 + 202 2 (100)(20)(.985) = 6460 GS = a = 80.4 sin = (c/a) sin = (20/80.4) sin(10) = 0.043 CTA = sin-1() = 2.477 = 2 29

9. Given an aircraft flying at 181 ft/sec and climbing at 62 ft/sec.

181 ft/sec Climb angle Horizontal speed 62 ft/sec

Find: Horizontal speed and climb angle.

HS = 1812 62 2 = 170 ft / sec 62 o CA = sin 1 = 20 181

10. Given a 1000 lb aircraft in a 30 degree bank.

30 o

W = 1000 lbs Side force

Find: Side force. Side Force = 1000 sin (30) = 500 lbs

11. Given:
L FZ D FX

Assuming small angle theory ( is small), why is FZ L and FX D? sin 0 cos 1 FX = L sin + D cos D FZ = L cos + D sin L 12. During roll performance testing, the F-99A rolled from 60 degrees left wing down to 60 degrees left wing up in 0.4 seconds. Find the roll rate in: Degrees/second Radians/second /t = 120/0.4 = 300/sec _________________ 5.23 rads/sec _________________

13. Plot in the same graph the following trigonometric functions: y

a. b. c.

y = cos t 2 y = 3 cos t 2 y = 3 cos(t )

3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 1

b a t

d . y = 3 cos t + 2

What are the periods and frequencies (both in Hz and radians/sec) of those functions? a. and b. c. and d. T = 4 sec T = 2 sec = 0.25 Hz = /2 rad/sec = 0.5 Hz = rad/sec

Pre-TPS Co-ordinate Systems and Graphs Solutions

1. a. +8; b. 1; c. +3 2. L1 is y = 2x; L2 is y = x + 1; P1 is (1, 2) 3. a. Slope P2 P1 = -1. Slope P1 P3 = -1. Equation of line through P1P2 is y = -x + 1. This is satisfied by P3, (2, -1). Therefore all lie on same straight line. b. Slope P1 P2 = 2. Slope P2 P3 = 2. Slope P3 P4 = 2. Equation of line through P2 with slope = 2 is y = 2x + 3. P1, P3 and P4 all satisfy this. Therefore all are on same straight line. 4. Slope P1 P2 = . Slope P2 P3 = -4. m1.m2 = -1. Therefore P1P2, P2P3 are perpendicular. Therefore P1P2P3 is a right-angled triangle. 5. a. 3. b. -1. c. - . 6. 2y = x + 3 7. y = 3.x + (4 - 3) 8. a. Slope of both is A/B therefore both are parallel. b. Slope of one is A/B, slope of other is -B/A. Product of slopes is -1, therefore they are perpendicular. 9. C = 5/9(F 32). The scales are numerically equal at 40o. 10. a. Center at (0, 1), radius = 2 b. Center at (-1, 0), radius = 3 c. Center at (-1, 2), radius = 2 11. a. x2 = 8y b. x2 + 4x = 4y 16; c. x2 2x = 12y + 35.

Logarithms, Radicals and Exponents Tutorial 1. Evaluate the following:

1 1 a. = 2 2
3 2

(1/2)3+2 = (1/2)5

a10 b. 4 = a
c. a n + 2 a m + 3 = d. a 2 e.

a10 4 = a6

)(

a(m + n + 5) a2x5 = a10 a6n

( )= (a ) =
5 2n 3

f. a 3 + b 5

2. Evaluate the following: a. 4

2 3

4 2 = 3 16
1 = 1
3

b. 8

82

64

c. (x 5 )

x-20 = 1/x20
3 4

2 d. a 3

a
7

e. Expand f. Simplify

x2 y5

x2 7 y5

27

9 3 =3 3

3. Write the following in logarithmic form: a. 7 2 = 49 b. 32 = 27 c. 2 3 = d.

3

Log749 = 2 Log327 = 3 Log2(1/8) = -3 Log82 = 1/3

1 8

8=2

4. Write the following in exponential form: a. log 3 81 = 4 b. log 9 27 = 3 2 34 = 81 93/2 = 27 101.699 = 50

c. log10 50 = 1.699

5. Simplify the following:

log10 (5)(9) + log10 25 log10 5 9 Log5 + Log9 + Log25 Log9 Log5 = Log25

6. Find: a. log10 3860 b. log10 5.46 c. log10 .00235 d. log10 .0000129 e. log10 72800 3.5866 0.7372 -2.6289 -4.8894 4.8621

7. Solve for x: a. (3)(10 x ) = 27 0.9542

b. e 2( x 5) = 30

6.7

c. 2e x = 8

1.3863

d. ln x ln (x-1) = 2

1.156

Complex Numbers Tutorial Solutions 1. Perform the indicated operations: a. (3 4i) (-5 + 7i) b. (4 + 2i) + (-1 + 3i) c. (2 + i)(3 + 2i) d. (3 4i)(3 + 4i) e. 1 + 3i 2i 3 2i 2 + 3i 8 11i _______________ 3 + 5i _______________ 4 + 7i _______________ 25 _______________ 1/5 + (7/5)i _______________ i _______________

f.

2. Find the conjugate of the following: a. 2 + i b. 2 3i c. 4 + 2i d. 4 3i e. 3i 7 2i ________________ 2 + 3i ________________ 4 2i ________________ 4 + 3i ________________ ________________ 7 3i

3. Graph the following: a. 3 + 2i b. 2 + i c. 2 i d. 1 + 3i Imaginary Axis

Real Axis

4. Graphically add the following: a. (3 + 4i) + (2 3i) b. (3 4i) + (2 + i) c. (3 + 3i) (2 + i) Imaginary Axis

a Real Axis

5. Express the following in polar form: a. + 1 + i 3 2 ( cos60+ i sin60 ) _______________

r = 1+ 3 = 2

= tan 1 3 1 = 60 o
b. 6 3 + 6i 12 ( cos30+ i sin30 ) _______________
r = 36 3 + 36 = 12

( (

= tan 1 6 6 3 = 30 o
c. 0 + 4i 4 ( cos90+ i sin90 ) _______________
r = 0 + 16 = 4

= tan 1 (4 0 ) = 90 o
d. -1 + i 2 ( cos135+ i sin135 ) _______________
r = 1+1 = 2

= tan 1 (1 1) + 180 o = 45 o + 180 o = 135 o

6. Express the following in rectangular form: a. 4(cos 60 + i sin 60)
2 + 2 3i _______________

b. 3(cos 90 + i sin 90)

0 + 3i ________________

c. 2(cos 45 + i sin 45)

2 + 2i ________________

7. Use De Moivres theorem to evaluate the following and express results in a + bi form: a. 1 + 3i

16 16 3i _______________
5

(1 + 3i )

5 5 = 2 cos + i sin = 32 cos + i sin = 3 3 3 3 1 3 = 32 2 i 2 = 16 16 3i

b.

(1 3i )
(1 3i ) = (1 3i )
12

6 2i ________________
= 2 cos + i sin 3 3
12

= 2 cos + i sin = 6 6 3 1 6 2 = 2 2 i 2 = 2 2 i

8. Express the following in the alternate forms requested: a. 4(cos 60 + i sin 60) 4ei/3 exponential form: ______________

b. 6 3 + 6i

r = 36 3 + 36 = 12

12ei/6 exponential form:_______________

= tan 1

6 = 6 3 6

e. 4e 2

i 4 e 2 = 4 cos + i sin = 2 2 = 4(0 + i )

polar form:

4 (cos90 + i sin90) _________________

0 + 4i rectangular form:_______________

Determinant & Matrix Tutorial 1. Solve the following determinants: a. 2 4 3 5 -2

b.

3 4 2 7

-13

c. 3 3 3 1 1 2

-18

3 1 1

d. 5 0

6 1

4 2

39

2. Solve the following using Cramers Rule x+y+z=0 3x 3y - 3z = 12 x y + 2z = -7 x=2 y = 5/3 z = -11/3

3. Add or subtract the following matrices

2 4 3 4 1 0 a. = + 7 3 5 2 5 12

1 3 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 b. 3 3 3 5 6 4 = 2 9 7 1 1 2 0 1 2 1 2 0

4. Multiply the following

3 1 5 6 4 42 51 30 3 = 0 1 1 1 2 3 3 6

5. Transpose
3 1 T 2 4 = 3 2 7 1 4 5 7 5

6. Write the following set of equations in matrix form 2x + 7y = 26 5x 2y = 14

2 7 x 26 5 2 y = 14

7. Solve for x, y, and z

[Hint: Cramer]
70 35 95 y= 35 120 z= 35 x=

1 x 4 1 2 3 4 2 y = 2 5 3 5 z 1

Vector Algebra Tutorial Solutions

1. Length of vector

1 1 1 = + + 3 3 3
= 1 + 1 + 1 =1 3 3 3

2.

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 4 + 9 + 1 = 14 unit vector is

2 3 1 i+ j k 14 14 14
UNEQUAL

3. Length of A = 14 Length of B = 56
4.

FR = 2i j

FR = 5
8k 2 A B + 3C = 11i

5. a. b. 6. a. b.
7.

A + B + C = 93
A = 26 AB = 2 B = 29 B = 56

A B = 28 A = 14

28 = 14 56 cos 28 cos = =1 14 56 8. 3

= 0o

9. ax = 3, ay = 1, az = 4; i j k

bx = 2, by = 4, bz = 3

3 4 3 1 1 4 + ( 1) A B = 3 1 4 = i j+ k 4 3 2 3 2 4 2 4 3

+ 17 j + 10k = 19i 10. Proceed as in 9 11. And again 6k 8i 12. a. b. 2i j

Pre-TPS Differentiation Solutions

1. a. f(x) = 2x2 + x b. f(x) = 3x2 + 2x + 1

4x + 1 6x + 2

2.

a. d 2 x 2 + x dx b. d 3 x 3 4 x 2 + 5 x 2 dx c. d 2u 2 v where u and v are functions of x dx

( ) ( ( )
(

4x + 1
9x2 - 8x + 5 2u2(dv/dx) + 4uv(du/dx) 2x3 + 5

d.

d 1 / 2 x 4 + 5x dx

e.

d 2u 2 / v 3 where u and v are functions of x dx

dy = (4z + 1).1 dx

4uv

du dv 6u 2 dx dx 4 v

3. y = 2z2 + z and z = (x 2); chain rule gives 4. y = x3 + 4x + 3;

dy = 3x2 + 4 dx

2 x 2 + 8x + 3 dy = 5. y = x 3 ; x+4 dx ( x + 4) 2

6. y2 + x 4 = 0;

dy = -1/2y dx

7. x2 + 2xy 3y2 + 11 = 0;

( x + y) dy = ; and so at the point (2,3) = 5/7 dx (3 y x)

8.

d2y dx 2

for the following are:

a. y = 3x4 2x3 + 6 b. y = 4ax1/2

12(3x2 x) -ax-3/2

c. y = (x + 2) (x 3) d. y x2 12 = x7 + 3x4 + 4x2 x + 10
9. s = 120t 16t2 velocity, ds/dt = 120 32t; velocity at t = 2 = 56 acceleration, d2s/dt2 = -32

2 42x5 + 36x2 +10

; acceleration at t = 2 = -32

10. maximum and minimum values for x and y below are:

a. y = x3 + 2x2 15x 20 b. y = x2 10

x = -3 or +5/3; y = +16 or -34.81 x = 0; y = -10

PreTPS Integration Solutions

1. Integrate the following non-definite integrals a.

3 2 x + 6 x + 7 dx

x4/4 + 2x3 +7x + C

b.

dx x2

-1/x + C

c.

2 x + 1 dx x2 + x

Ln(x2 + x) + C

d.

sin 3x dx
2 cos 4 x + sec x dx

1 cos 3x + C 3

e.

1 sin 4 x + tan x + C 4 1 3x e +C 3

f.

3x

dx

2. Evaluate the following definite integrals:

a. b. c.

3 sin x dx
0
+

+3 0

2 cos x dx

3 0

2 x + 7 x + 6 dx

117/2

3. Integrate by parts: x sin x dx 4. Integrate by substitution: Sinx xCosx + C

sin

x cos x dx

Sin4x + C

5. Find the area under the curve y = x3 + 3x2 + 2 between x = 0 and x = 2.

16 sq units

Statics and Friction Tutorial Solutions 1. Given: 15 lbs 45 30 R 50 lbs

70 lbs

Find the resultant force (magnitude and angle) 3 2 R X = 50 cos 30 o 15 cos 45 o = 50 15 = 32.7 lbs 2 2 1 2 RY = 50 sin 30 o + 15 sin 45 o 70 = 50 + 15 70 = 34.4lbs 2 2
2 R = RX + RY2 = 47.5lbs

= tan 1
2. Given:

RY RX

o = 46.5
Datum L = 2500 lbs

Distance from datum Wing center of lift = 15 ft Inboard engine = 10 ft Outboard engine = 30 ft Wing cg = 20 ft 1000 lbs 500 lbs 500 lbs

Find: M around datum

M = 10 500 + 20 1,000 + 30 500 15 2 ,500 =

= 5 ,000 + 20 ,000 + 15 ,000 37 ,500 = = 2 ,500 ft lbs

3. Given:
Datum 35 ft 20 ft 30 ft 50 ft

1000 lbs 30,000 lbs

1000 lbs 200,000 lbs

Find: a) Resultant force

F = 1,000 + 30 ,000 + 200 ,000 + 1,000 = 232 ,000lbs

b) Distance from datum to resultant force
d=

M F

20 1,000 + 30 30 ,000 + 35 200 ,000 + 50 1,000 = 34 ,35 ft 232 ,000

4. Given: T LW 30 in D 200 lbs 50 in M 4000 inlbs W 2000 lbs Find the following to keep the aircraft balanced. a. T b. LT c. LW
T = D = 200lbs

LT

50 LT = 30 T + 4 ,000 LT = 4000 + 30 200 = 200lbs 50

LW = W + LT = 2 ,200lbs

5. Given:
500 lbs 200 lbs 200 lbs 100 lbs

20 in

40 in

60 in

80 in

a. Find the resultant force ( FR )

FR = F = 1,000lbs

b. Find the distance from the leading edge to the resultant force ( x ).
d=

M F

20 200 + 40 500 + 60 200 + 80 100 = 44in 1,000

c. Transfer the resultant force to the 25 inch point and determine the resultant moment .
M R = FR d = 1,000 (44 25 ) = 19 ,000lb in

6. Given:
F

Weight of block = 112 lbs s= 0.25

Find the minimum force required to move the block.

F = s N = 0.25 112 = 28lbs

7. Given:
F

30 Weight of block = 150 lbs s= 0.3

Find: a) Minimum force required to hold the block at rest. 3 = 130lbs N = W cos 30 o = 150 2 f max = s N = 39lbs
Fmin = W sin 30 o f max = 75 39 = 36 lbs

b) Maximum force required to hold the block at rest.

Fmax = W sin 30 o + f max = 75 + 39 = 114lbs

8. Given:
100 ft/sec Calculate
dV from this data dy

0.5 in 0

= 1.2 x10 5

lb sec ft 2

Find: a)

dV dy

dV 100 ft sec 100 ft sec = = = 2 ,400 sec dy 0.5in 0.5 ft 12

b)

dV lb = 28.8 10 3 2 dy ft

c) Shear force acting over a 200 ft 2 area

F = S = 28.8 10 3 200 = 5.76 lb

9. Consider an aircraft weighing 125,000 lbs taxing on the ground.

25,000 lbs 100,000 lbs Assuming that: - the reaction force on the nose wheel is 25,000 lbs; - the reaction force on the main gear is 100,000 lbs (50,000 lbs per wheel) - the radius of the nose wheel is 25 in; - the radius of the main gear wheel is 50 in; - the coefficient of rolling resistance is b=1 in; - the aerodynamic drag is negligible; find the engine thrust necessary to maintain a constant ground speed
Fnose = N nose b rnose = 25 ,000 1 = 1,000lbs 25

N main b 1 Fmain = 2 = 100 ,000 50 = 2 ,000lbs 2 r main T = Fnose + Fmain = 3,000lbs

10. Assuming s=0.4, calculate the maximum braking force the crew can apply without skidding.
f = s N main = 0.4 100 ,000 = 40 ,000lbs

Work and Energy Tutorial Solutions 1. Determine the amount of work performed on the block when it is moved 10 ft UP the incline as shown. ASSUME NO FRICTION
10 ft

W = 150 lbs 30

1 W sin 30 o 10 = 150 10 = 750 ft lb 2

( )

2. Determine the amount of work done in #1 above if =0.2

1 150 + 0.2 150 [W sin(30 ) + W cos(30 )] 10 = 2

o o

3 10 = 1010 ft lb 2

3. What is the potential energy of a 240,000 lb aircraft flying at 36,000 ft and 380 kts? [(kts)(1.68) = ft/sec]

PE = W H = 240 ,000 36 ,000 = 864 10 7 ft lb

What is the kinetic energy?

KE =

1 W 2 1 240 ,000 (380 1.68 )2 = 152 10 7 ft lb V = 2 g 2 32.2

What is the total specific energy?

TE (864 + 153 ) 10 7 SE = = = 42 ,330 ft W 240 ,000

4. A 10,000 lb fighter experiences an engine flame-out at 30,000 ft and 1200 ft/sec airspeed. Assuming no energy losses during a zoom climb, calculate the maximum altitude when the aircraft reaches 500 ft/sec velocity. 1V2 1 1,200 2 1 500 2 SE = H + = 30 ,000 + = hmax + 2 g 2 32.2 2 32.2 1 ( hmax = 30 ,000 + 1,200 2 500 2 ) = 48 ,478 ft 64.4 5. An aircraft is flying at 35,000 ft and 1000 ft/sec airspeed. The aircraft weighs 35,000 lbs. a. Find the specific energy of the aircraft
1 1,000 2 1V2 = 35 ,000 + = 50 ,528 ft SE = H + 2 32.2 2 g

b. Assuming no losses, find the maximum velocity of the aircraft at sea level.
SE = 1V2 = 50 ,528 ft 2 g

V = 2 32.2 50 ,528 = 1804 ft sec

6. A spring is compressed 6 inches. (K = 300 lb/in) If a 50 lb object is placed on top of the compressed spring and the spring is released. a. What is the spring force before release?
F = K x = 300 6 = 1800lb

b. Calculate the stored energy in the spring before it is released.

E=

1 2 1 Kx = 300 36 = 5400in lb = 450 ft lb 2 2

c. What is the velocity of the object at separation from the spring. (assume Stored energy = KE)
1W 2 1 2 V = Kx = 450 ft lb 2 g 2 V = 2 g 450 = W 2 32.2 450 = 24 ft sec 50

Kinematics Tutorial Solutions

Take g as 32 ft/sec2 1. A trains speed increases uniformly from 30 mi/hr to 60 mi/hr in 5 minutes. Determine the average speed, the distance traveled and the acceleration. (66 ft/sec; 19,800 ft; 0.147ft/sec2) 2. A stone dropped from a tower strikes the ground in 3 sec. Determine the height of the tower. (144 ft) 3. A stone is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 96 ft/sec. Calculate the time taken to reach the highest point; the greatest height reached; and the total time before the stone hits the ground. (3 sec; 144 ft; 6 sec) 4. A 3lb body is whirled on a 4ft string in a horizontal circle. Calculate the tension in the string if the speed is (a) 8 ft/sec, (b) 2 RPS. (1.5 lb; 62 lb) 5. A body rests in a pail which is moved in a vertical circle of radius 2ft. What is the least speed the body must have so as not to fall out when at the top of the path? (8ft/sec)

Newtons Laws Tutorial Solutions 1.

L = 3000 lbs

D = 1500 lbs

T = 2000 lbs

W = 3000 lbs

a. Is the aircraft in steady, unaccelerated flight? Why? No. Net horizontal forward force 500 lbs b. Calculate the aircraft acceleration 5.33ft/sec2

2.
L = 3000 lbs

T = D = 2000 lbs
45

horiz

W=3000 lbs

a. Is the aircraft in level flight? Why? No. Vertical forces not balanced. b. Calculate the vertical acceleration 9.6 ft/sec2 descent

3. Compute RAF
RAF

100 lbs

30

RAF = 50 lbs

4.
6 in

100 lbs
45o

a. In order to hold the elevator in place how much hinge moment (H) is required? +25 ft-lbs b. If the elevator hinge suddenly breaks, what will be the horizontal acceleration of the elevator surface [Assume the elevator weights 10 lbs] 227.6 ft/sec2 5. An aircraft weighing 20,000 lbs (including payload) drops a 5000 lb bomb from straight, level unaccelerated flight. Calculate the vertical acceleration of the aircraft immediately after dropping the bomb. 10.7 ft/sec2

Inertia Tutorial Solutions 1.

10 ft x 20 ft 10 ft

1000

1000 1000

W = aircraft + payload = 11,000 + 3,000 z = 14,000 lbs

a. Find Iy for the aircraft loaded as shown above (empty weight moment of inertia: (Iy)empty=80,000 slugft2).

(I Y )load

1,000 10 2 + 20 2 + 30 2 = 43 ,478 slug ft 32.2 I Y = (I Y )empty + (I Y )load = 123,478 slug ft =

b. Find Iy of the aircraft after the 1000 lb payload is dropped from the forward bay.

I Y = 123,478

1,000 2 10 = 120 ,372 slug ft 32.2

1 c. If the short period frequency of the aircraft is f , does the short period I y frequency of the aircraft increase, decrease, or stay the same after the forward payload is released? Increase

2. The roll mode ( ) time constant is a measure of how quickly the maximum roll rate (p) can be reached. Ix = f( ) damping

[A] Roll Rate

deg/sec

[B]

Steady-state roll rate

63% [B]

[A]

Time

Match the roll mode time constant with the appropriate configuration.

3. Given the following future X-airplane, calculate the moments of inertia (Ix, Iy, Iz) and the products of inertia (Ixy, Iyz, Ixz). Y 150 6 ft 250 600 X 500 350 600 4 ft 2 ft 2 ft 4 ft

150 6 ft 4 ft 2 ft

6 ft

150 x 2 X 600+500 250+350 600 Z

I X = (600 + 500 ) 2 2 + (250 + 350 ) 6 2 + (150 2 ) 12 2 + 2 2 + 600 12 = 71,000 slug ft 2 IY IZ
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 ft 1 ft

( ) = (600 + 500 ) 6 + (250 + 350 ) 4 + (150 2 ) (6 + 2 ) + 600 (4 + 1 ) = 71,400 slug ft = (600 + 500 ) (6 + 2 ) + (250 + 350 ) (4 + 6 ) + (150 2 ) (6 + 12 ) + 600 4 = 138 ,800 slug ft
2

I XY = 600 6 2 + 500 6 ( 2 ) + 250 ( 4 ) 6 + 350 ( 4 ) ( 6 ) + 150 ( 6 ) 12 + 150 ( = 3,600 slug ft 2 I XZ = (150 2 ) ( 6 ) ( 2 ) + 600 ( 4 ) 1 = 1,200 slug ft 2 IYZ = 150 12 ( 2 ) + 150 ( 12 ) ( 2 ) = 0 slug ft 2

Momentum and Impulse Tutorial Solutions

1. An 8gm bullet is fired horizontally into a 9kg block of wood which is free to move. The velocity of the block and bullet after impact is 40cm/sec. Calculate the initial velocity of the bullet. (V = 45,040cm/sec) 2. A 600lb gun mounted on wheels fires a 10lb projectile with a muzzle velocity of 1800ft/sec at an angle of 30o above the horizontal. Calculate the horizontal recoil velocity of the gun. (V = 26ft/sec) 3. Two inelastic masses of 16 and 4 grams move in opposite directions with velocities of 30 and 50 cm/sec respectively. Determine the resultant velocity after impact if they stick together. (V = 14cm/sec) 4. An 8lb body is acted on by a force for a period of 4 sec during which it gains a velocity of 20ft/sec. Determine the magnitude of the force. (1.2lb) 5. A 10-ton locomotive moving at 2ft/sec collides with and is coupled to a 40-ton car at rest on the same straight track. What is their common velocity after impact? (0.4ft/sec)

Axis Transform Tutorial Solutions 1. Given the following diagram, resolve W onto the body axis and determine the following equations a. xb = -Wsin b. zb = Wcos

Given the following, resolve W onto the body axis and determine the following equations a. yb = Wsin b. zb = Wcos

z
W

2. Transform the thrust onto the body axis and determine the following equations xb = Tcos yb = -Tsin

x y

3. Write the following in matrix form

xa = xb cos zb sin y a = yb z a = xb sin + yb cos

x a cos y = 0 a za sin

0 1 cos

sin xb 0 yb 0 zb

Motion Analysis Tutorial Solutions 1. Draw a typical trace for the following oscillating system. a. Positive damped (stable)

b. Neutral damped (neutral)

c. Negative damped (unstable)

2. Given the following 1st order response

100 Roll rate (rad/sec) 50

Time (sec)

a. Estimate = 1 sec x(t) = 100(1- e t ) convergent

b. Write the time history response equation c. Is the response convergent or divergent? 3. Given the following s-domain equations (1) s + .0095 = 0 (2) s 2 + .875s + 18.4 = 0 a. Find time constant ( )
s+

0.0095 =

= 105 sec

b. Find natural frequency ( n ) c. Find damping ratio ( )

2 = 18.4 = 4.29

2 = .875 = .10

4. Given the attached trace, calculate the damping ratio ( ) using the Transient Peak Method. Average TPR = .59 Thus damping ration = 0.17

5. Given the following, calculate the time constant ( ) using =

t A1 ln A 2

1 = 2 .4 30 ln 20

60 40
A1

A2

10

t2- t1= t3- t2 =t 1 2 3

time