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Compound Naming Study Guide

This document provides information about various polyatomic ions including their names and formulas. It also discusses the nomenclature rules for naming ionic compounds, molecular compounds, and acids. Key polyatomic ions mentioned are acetates, carbonates, phosphates, and sulfates. Ionic compounds are formed from metal and nonmetal elements and result in solid compounds with high melting points that conduct electricity in aqueous solution.

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Justin Snyder
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120 views

Compound Naming Study Guide

This document provides information about various polyatomic ions including their names and formulas. It also discusses the nomenclature rules for naming ionic compounds, molecular compounds, and acids. Key polyatomic ions mentioned are acetates, carbonates, phosphates, and sulfates. Ionic compounds are formed from metal and nonmetal elements and result in solid compounds with high melting points that conduct electricity in aqueous solution.

Uploaded by

Justin Snyder
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemistry: Second Semester; Test 2 Polyatomic Ions Acetate: C2H3O2 Oxalate: C2O42 Permanganate: MnO4 Phosphate: PO43

Carbonate: CO32 Chlorate: ClO3

Hydrogen Carbonate: HCO3


Dichromate: Cr2O72

Sulfate: SO42 Nitrate: NO3

Chromate: CrO42
Hydroxide: OH

Hydride: H Ammonium: NH4+

Cyanide: CN
Polyatomic Ion Nomenclature -ate endings (9 of them) all end with oxygen Original Polyatomic Ion Remove 1 Oxygen: ____-ite Remove 2 Oxygen: hypo-___-ite Add 1 Oxygen: per-____-ate Doesnt conduct electricity CuCl(s) Water added Cu+ (aq)+ Cl (aq) Doesnt conduct electricity Conducts electricity

ClO3: Chlorate ClO2: Chlorite ClO: Hypochlorite ClO4: Perchlorate

Copper and Chlorine are bonded because of their positive and negative charges. They want to neutralize. When CuCl(s) and water are combined, they separate, allowing the Cu (a metal) to conduct electricity. Metals have positive charges (give away electrons); non-metals have negative charges (receive electrons) Place metals first in a formula

Ions: atoms or groups of atoms with a charge Cations: ions with positive charge; lose electrons

Anions: ions with negative charge; gain electrons Ionic Compounds: composed of cations and anions held together by electric attraction that combine so that the overall charges are neutral/equal. Ionic compounds have very strong bonds. They are metals bonded to non-metals. Physical Properties of Ionic Compounds: tend to be solid at room temperature; high melting/boiling points; melt is able to conduct electricity; conduct electricity in aqueous solution; solid form doesnt conduct electricity; solid is brittle; basic unit is called formula unit

C12H22O11 water added C12H22O11


Doesnt conduct electricity *didnt form ions, just broke into individual molecule when water was added Molecular compounds: composed of discrete neutral molecules held together by relatively weak forces. Non-metals bonded to non-metals. Basic unit is the molecule. Physical properties of molecular compounds: tend to be liquid or gas at room temperature; low melting/boiling point; when solids melt, they break into neutral molecules (dont conduct electricity); solids dont conduct electricity; aqueous solutions dont conduct electricity. Atomic Compounds: form of crystalline solid in which atoms of an element are bonded to atoms of the same element (pure metals, diamonds, etc.) *Note: Why water separates IONIC compounds: One side is more negative; one side is more positive = polar

Nomenclature of Ions Monoatomic ions: ions formed from a single atom Metals form cations: naming element name + gold ion (i.e. gold ion) Non-metals tend to form anions: naming element base + ide + ion (i.e. Ion oxide)

Compounds have neutral charges due to evenly bonded cations and anions: Naming cation first (see below)

Binary Ionic Compounds: composed only 2 different elements; metal non-metal; neutral charge naming: name of metal + Roman numeral (if more than 1 charge indicating charge) + nonmetal + ide Examples of naming

Mg2+; Br1- MgBr2 Magnesium Bromide Cu+; Cl- CuCl Copper (I) Chloride Cu2+; Cl- CuCl2 Copper (II) Chloride
Polyatomic Ionic Compounds: 3 or more different elements; neutral charge Example: Ca
2+

; (Co3)2- CaCo3 Calcium Carbonate

Binary Molecular Compounds: composed of 2 different elements; nonmetal-nonmetal; ide; prefixes Examples: CO: Carbon Monoxide CO2: Carbon Dioxide C2O: Dicarbon Monoxide Naming: 1st element (prefix if more than 1) + 2nd element (always prefix) + ide Prefixes: 1: mono 2: di 3: tri 4: tetra 5: penta 6: hexa 7: hepta 8: octa 9: nona 10: deca

Acid Nomenclature Ate ic Ite ous icateiteous: use to remember When there are only two elements (3rd example), add hydro before the 2nd element base, and use ic as the ending.

H+ and SO4 H2SO4(aq) Sulfuric Acid (ate ic) H+ and NO2 NHO2(aq) Nitrous Acid (ite ous) H+ and Cl- HCl (aq) Hydrochloric Acid

Periodic Table Notes Hydrogen: in a world of its own; 1 charge metal families Group 1: Alkali metal; 1 charge Group 2: Alkaline metal; 2+ charge Groups 3-12: Transition metals; charge varies Some groups 13-15: other metals; charge varies Properties: shiny luster, malleable, ductile (wire), high conductivity (heat and electricity), soupy electrons, solid at room temperature (except mercury)

Group 18: Noble gases; do not form ions nonmetal Group 17: Halogens; 1- charge families Some groups 16-14: other nonmetals Properties: dull luster, solids tend to be brittle, many are gases at room temperature, low conductivity (heat and electricity)

Groups 13-16: Metalloids Properties: semi-conductors, solid at room temperature, dull/shiny, malleable/brittle

Structure Notes

no atoms bonded (Ar gas)


= 1 element # of types of atoms > 1 compound all atoms bonded (chunk Cu) small bonded groups (O2) small bonded groups (H2O) all atoms are bonded (NaCl)

atom
atom molecule molecule formula unit molecular ionic atomic

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