Somatotype

Calculation and Analysis

Users Guide

1.
1. 2.

CONTENTS
CONTENTS ............................................................................................... 2 WELCOME............................................................................................... 4 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. Introduction..................................................................................... 5 Using Somatotype Help................................................................. 5 More Support .................................................................................. 6 Installing Somatotype.................................................................... 6 Opening Somatotype ................................................................... 7 Creating a document................................................................... 8 Importing a database................................................................... 9 Combine & Filter........................................................................... 12 New profiles .................................................................................. 16

3.

NEW DOCUMENTS ................................................................................. 8 1.6. 1.7. 1.8.

4.

EDITING DOCUMENTS.......................................................................... 16 1.9. 1.10. Edit profile...................................................................................... 19 1.11. Delete profile ................................................................................ 19 1.12. Document Properties .................................................................. 20 1.13. Edit document details ................................................................. 22

5.

EXPORTING ........................................................................................... 23 1.14. Exporting a Document................................................................ 23 1.15. File Types........................................................................................ 23 1.16. Exporting a Snapshot................................................................... 24

6.

REPORTS ................................................................................................ 25 1.17. Report wizards .............................................................................. 29 1.18. Downloading wizards .................................................................. 31 1.19. PDF files .......................................................................................... 31

7.

PRINTING DOCUMENTS ....................................................................... 33 2 - Somatotype: Users Guide

8. 9.

APPENDIX A .......................................................................................... 35 FURTHER INFORMATION ...................................................................... 37

10. INDEX ..................................................................................................... 38

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2.

WELCOME

Somatotype - Calculation and Analysis (hereafter called Somatotype) is a program designed to calculate individual and group somatotypes, import somatotype data from, and export to, other files. Reports show statistics, somatoplots, categories, and comparisons of individuals and/or groups. Somatotype provides an easy-to-use interface for the management of somatotype data. The program is wizard based, which means you are helped through each step in the complicated processes. A wizard also makes it easy to enter profiles into a document during the measurement process. Somatotype uses a document metaphor for each dataset. The reason for this is because the document metaphor is very common in most modern computer systems and is easily understood. A document in this program may be seen as similar to a document of a word processor. It is also beneficial to break up the data into manageable and easily transferable chunks. An individual record of a somatotype test is referred to in the program as a profile. This is because it is a snapshot of that individual at that point in time. The individual is in turn referred to as a subject. Somatotype documents allow you to manage groups of profiles easily. For example, you may have a document for a major study or one file for multiple measures on a particular subject. We have provided two major studies as examples of Somatotype. The first is MOGAP - The Montreal Olympic Games Anthropometric Project. The second is data from a local soccer study. 4 - Somatotype: Users Guide

1.1.

Introduction

The major focus of Somatotype is improving access to data from major anthropometric studies. The Somatotype document is an example of this focus. Documents can be combined quickly by selecting cases into a new document, simplifying cross-institutional collaboration. They are small files that can be transported quickly and easily by email or other electronic means. Data stored in a document can be exported easily for complex manipulation, and then re-imported. In addition, Somatotype has report output in PDF (Portable Document Format) that is supported by free viewers on each of the three major computer platforms. This format offers Somatotype high quality printing and graphics as well as the ability to include reports in web sites.

1.2.

Using Somatotype Help

on the Help Files button on the palette or choose Help > Help Contents from the menu. The navigation of the Somatotype help files is very simple. Simply click on the topic or file you wish to view. The information will appear. The information in the Help Files is the same as is presented here in the Users Guide, with the exception of the images, which will not appear.

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In both the User Manual and Help Files, the greaterthan character (>) is used to represent a nested selection from a menu. For example, the image to the right would be represented by the term choose File > Export Snapshot from the menu. Note that the menu will be at the top of the screen on Macintosh systems rather than part of the palette as shown here.

1.3.

More Support

For further support email support@sweattechnologies.com

1.4.

Installing Somatotype

To install Somatotype on Microsoft Windows 95, 98, ME, NT or 2000 double click on the Setup icon. This will run an installation program that will place a Somatotype icon on the desktop. Note that Somatotype will not open on Windows systems if your display is set to less or equal to 256 colours (8 bit colour depth). To check your setting right click on the desktop and choose Properties from the menu. Select the settings tab and make sure the settings are High Colour (16 bit) or above. To install Somatotype on an Apple Macintosh system other than OS X copy the Somatotype (Mac) folder to the Applications folder of your hard drive.

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1.5.

Opening Somatotype

To open Somatotype simply double-click on the Somatotype icon in the Somatotype folder. Make sure you are using the correct version for your operating system (see section 2.4. Installing Somatotype). In the folder you will see three other folders. The Wizards folder contains Somatotype report wizards and should not be tampered with. The Documents folder contains Somatotype documents included with Somatotype as examples. The Text Templates folder contains text templates for importing databases. Read the Importing a database section for more information.

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3.

NEW DOCUMENTS

Somatotype has three facilities for creating a new document. Read the help files on each to gain an understanding of the different ways to create a new Somatotype document. Each Somatotype document has two views. The main view is the Somatoplot showing all profiles in the document. These profiles may be selected by clicking on their plot. The secondary view of the document shows the Profile details of the selected profile. To go to this view double-click anywhere on the somatoplot or click on the Sow Profiles toggle button at the bottom-left corner of the document window.

1.6.

Creating a document
To create a new empty Somatotype

document you need to either click on the New/Import Document button on the palette or select File > New/Import from the menu. A wizard will open to guide you. If at any time you find that you have made a mistake, you may press the << Back button to return to the previous screen. Firstly, enter a name and description for the new file. Click Next >>.

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Select Create a new empty Somatotype document from the radio buttons and press Next >>. Note that if you want to import an existing database file, you should read the Importing a Database section.

Name the file. Note that the file name may be different from the document name. Decide where you want to save the file and click Save. The new empty document will appear on the screen. It appears as a somatoplot. Because no profiles have been entered, no somatotype plots appear on the screen.

1.7.

Importing a database

There are two types of files that can be imported into a Somatotype document. These file types are discussed in the File Types section under the Exporting help topic. Somatotype allows you to input data from tab- and comma-delimited text files. You can convert data in a spreadsheet to tab- and commadelimited formats by using the Save As option.

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To import data from a text file choose File > New/Import from the menu (or click the New/Import Document button on the palette). Enter a name and description for the document. Click Next >> and choose the Create a new Somatotype document from an existing file radio button. You must indicate whether the text file you are importing contains Complete Somatotype data or Partial Somatotype data. Complete Somatotype data includes 35 information items (fields in database terminology). To input Complete Somatotype data, the information items must be in a particular order. In the Somatotype folder there is a text template (complete.csv), showing the correct order of information items. Partial Somatotype data includes a maximum of 18 information items. The following information items must be included: First name Last name Endomorphy Mesomorphy Ectomorphy Gender

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In the Somatotype folder you will find a template for Partial Somatotype data named partial.csv. Once imported the Partial Somatotype data will be converted to the Complete Somatotype data format. Note that if this data is exported at a later date it will be in the Complete Somatotype data format. When you have chosen whether or not to import Complete or Partial Somatotype data, click Next >> and indicate whether your data are in tab- or comma-delimited (CSV) format. Click Next >> Locate the file you are importing data from, and click Open. Enter the name for the new Somatotype file, and click Save.

1.8.

Combine & Filter

Use the Somatotype - Combine & Filter Wizard to create a new Somatotype document, based on existing documents. You can select profiles according to their sport, gender, age, test date or country of origin. The new document will contain profiles that have been chosen from all currently open documents. The wizard makes it easy to create documents of profiles from specific sports or countries. Note that closing a document after the wizard has been opened will not exclude those profiles from the selection process.

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Click the Combine & Filter button on the palette or choose File > Combine & Filter from the menu to open the Somatotype - Combine & Filter Wizard. In the same way as you would of creating a new empty Somatotype document, the first thing you will be asked to do is to enter a name and description for the new Somatotype document. The document name does not need to be the file name by which you save the document. Click Next >> If you find that you have made a mistake, you may at any stage press the << Back button to return to the previous screen. You will see an alphabetically sorted list of sports, entered in profiles, from the currently open documents. Select the sports that you wish to include in the new document. If you do not want to exclude profiles on the basis of sport, either select all sports by clicking the Select All button, or select nothing. Otherwise click on the sport to select it. Click again to deselect it. Click Next >> 12 - Somatotype: Users Guide

This screen will present checkboxes for you to choose genders to include in the new document. If you select both boxes or neither then you will not exclude any profiles by gender. Click Next >> This screen presents a slider that you can use to select profiles that were tested between certain dates. The green arrowhead represents the start date and the red hexagon represents the stopping date. Slide the green arrowhead to the first testing date you wish to include. Slide the red hexagon to the last testing date you wish to include. Click Next >> On this screen you will see a very similar interface, except this time you can select a profile age range. The ages indicated are derived from the range specified in the profiles from the currently open documents. Position the markers along the slider to set the age range. Click Next >>

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This screen is similar to the sport selection screen. It gives you the opportunity to select profiles from the open documents based on their country. Click Next >> Name the file and click the Save button.

Somatotype Profiles Mean Profile

Currently Selected Profile

The new document will be open. Please note that it is possible that no profiles were selected, given the criteria you entered. If this is the case,

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the process is aborted to give you the opportunity to go back and make the necessary changes.

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4.

EDITING DOCUMENTS

There are a number of basic document editing functions that are important to understand so that you may use Somatotype effectively. Read the help files under this topic to gain a better understanding.

1.9.

New profiles
The Somatotype - New Profile Wizard will guide you through the process of entering a new profile

into a document. Select Profile > New from the menu or click the New Profile button on the document to open the wizard. Enter given and family names for the profile, then enter the date of the test. Todays date will already be displayed. If you dont know the value of a variable then check the unknown checkbox. If you find that you have made a mistake, press the << Back button, at any stage, to return to the previous screen. Click Next >>, select the profiles gender and enter their

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date of birth (if known). Click Next >> Enter the profiles country and zip/postal code (if known), and also add any comments you wish to record about the profile. Click Next >>

Enter the profiles sport and exercise habits (if known). Click Next >>

Enter the profiles height and mass (if known). Click Next >>

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Enter the four skinfold measurements (if known) needed to calculate a somatotype (Triceps, Subscapular, Supraspinale and Medial Calf). Click Next >> Enter the girths [Arm (flexed and tensed) and Calf] and bone breadths (Humerus and Femur) needed to calculate a somatotype. Click Next >> If all the required data have been provided, the decimal age, height-weight ratio and somatotype of the profile will be automatically calculated. In the case of unknown data the calculated variables will not appear and you may enter in your own values. Click Finish

1.10.

Edit profile

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Select the profile you wish to edit by clicking on its somatotype plot, or by selecting it from the popup menu at the top of the document window. Clicking on the Edit button at the bottom of the document window or selecting Profile > Edit from the menu will open the Somatotype - Edit Profile Wizard. The details of the currently selected profile from the top (screen focus) document window will already be entered into the wizard. Just click through and find the data you wish to change. At the end of the wizard, the selected profile will be updated. To edit another profile, close the wizard, select the profile and click on the Edit button again.

1.11.

Delete profile

Select the profile you wish to delete by clicking on its somatotype plot or by selecting it from the popup menu at to top of the document window. Clicking on the Delete button at the bottom of the document window or selecting Profile > Delete from the menu will bring up a final warning before the profile is delete from the file. This will delete the currently selected profile from the top (screen focus) Somatotype document. There is no way to get the profile back after deletion - other than not saving the file and reopening.

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1.12.

Document Properties

The Properties window allows you to interact with the somatoplot of each document. To open the Properties window click the Properties Window button on the palette.

There are two screens on the Properties window. The first is the Somatoplot Manager which allows you to change the look of the somatoplot in a number of ways. Use the Somatoplot Manager to change the plot style and colour, the style of the reference points on the chart, rotate in the three planes of the somatoplot and zoom in and out of the chart. Note that when rotated the somatoplot does not show the arc-sided triangle normally seen as part of the somatoplot. The other screen of the Properties window is MouseOver Profiles. To toggle between the Somatoplot Manager and MouseOver Profiles click on the Show MouseOver Profiles toggle button at the bottom of the Properties window. To go back to the Somatoplot Manager click on the Show Somatoplot Manager toggle button at the bottom of Properties window.

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MouseOver Profiles enables you to move the mouse over the somatoplot to see a summary of information about the profile under the mouse.

When you hold the mouse over the mean profile on the document (represented by a large dark blue open circle) the MouseOver Profiles also shows some descriptive statistics on the document.

1.13.

Edit document details

Document Details wizard. 21 - Somatotype: Users Guide

You can change the name of the document and the document description. Edit the details and click on the Finish button.

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5.

EXPORTING
1.14. Exporting a Document

To export all the data in a Somatotype document to a tab- or commadelimited (CSV) file, first open the document and make sure it is the front window (has screen focus). Once you have done this, select File > Export Document As from the menu. The Somatotype - Export Document Wizard will guide you throughout the process. Note that if you check the option to include column titles it will be easier to see what each column of data represents. Note also that the file that is created will always contain data in the Complete Somatotype format. This is the case even if it was imported into the program as Partial Somatotype data.

1.15.

File Types

There are two file types used for import and export of Somatotype data. Tab-delimited (separated) text files will be named with the .txt extension to identify them. A tab-delimited file means that a tab in the file separates each item of data. In addition, each record is separated by a return. These files can be imported easily and quickly into most popular spreadsheet programs. CSV (Comma Separated Values) or comma delimited files will be named with the .csv extension to identify them. A CSV file is very similar to a tab-delimited file, but separates items of data with a comma 23 - Somatotype: Users Guide

instead of a tab. These files are often automatically converted and imported by programs such as Microsoft Excel.

1.16.

Exporting a Snapshot

To export a snapshot of the current Somatotype screen select File > Export Snapshot from the menu. The cursor will change to a fine crosshair. Click on the top-left corner of the area of the screen you wish to export as an image. Hold the mouse button down and move it to the bottom-right corner of the area of the screen you wish to export as an image. When you release the mouse you will be asked to name the file. When you have named the file, click Save. The file will be saved in JPEG (*.jpg) format. Note that for higher quality images it is best to use an image editor that can import PDF (Portable Document Format), for example, Adobe Photoshop, from the reports.

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6.

REPORTS

Somatotype report wizards guide you through the creation of reports. You are presented with a few options, such as where to save the report and what the somatoplot should look like. There are four reports that come with Somatotype. These are as follows: 1. Compare two or more documents - This report compares two or more groups, each contained in a single Somatotype document. The report includes a Somatoplot showing all the profiles from each of the documents (Note: if you have chosen "plot means only" in the Report Wizard, only the mean somatotypes for each of the groups will be shown); Category Charts for each of the Somatotype documents, showing the percentage of profiles which fall under each of the 13 somatotype categories, and a Somatotype Analysis of Variance Table, showing the result of a one-way Somatotype Analysis of Variance test, and an Analysis of Variance Table, showing the results of one-way Analysis of Variance tests on a number of variables. On the Somatoplot, the mean somatotype for all the profiles in each of the documents is shown by the profile plot inside an empty circle. Below the Somatoplot is a brief description of the Somatotype document. The Category Charts are accompanied by a key which shows the names of the major somatotype categories. 25 - Somatotype: Users Guide

The Somatotype Analysis of Variance Table compares the somatotypes for each group using a special analysis of variance called SANOVA that uses the somatotype attitudinal distances within and between groups (See Appendix A for equations). All other comparisons listed below use the standard ANOVA. The Analysis of Variance Table shows the degrees of freedom, F-ratio and probability for each variable. 2. Describe the current document - This report gives descriptive group data for all the profiles in a Somatotype document. The report includes a Somatoplot showing all the profiles in the document (Note: if you have chosen "plot means only" in the Report Wizard, only the mean somatotype for the group will be shown); a Category Chart, showing the percentage of profiles which fall under each of the major somatotype categories, and a Somatotype Attitudinal Mean (SAM), the average threedimensional distance of all somatotypes from their respective mean somatotype, and a Descriptive Statistics Table, showing the mean, median, standard deviation and range for a number of variables. On the Somatoplot, the mean somatotype for all the profiles in the document is shown by the profile plot inside an empty circle. Below the Somatoplot is a brief description of the Somatotype document. The Category Chart is accompanied by a key which shows the names of the major somatotype categories.

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The Descriptive Statistics Table gives the median, mean, standard deviation and range for all profiles in the document for a number of variables. 3. Track a subjects changes over time - This report tracks changes in the profiles of a single subject across time. It includes a Somatoplot showing all the profiles on the same subject, and a Table of Variables showing the measured values for the somatotype components, height and mass for each of the profiles. On the Somatoplot, the changes in subject profiles over time are shown by a continuous line. Each separate profile is indicated by a profile plot. The first profile (by date) is indicated by a profile plot inside an empty circle. 4. Compare a profile to its document - This report compares a single profile (the Comparison Profile) to all other profiles in a Somatotype document. It includes a Somatoplot showing all the profiles from each of the documents (Note: if you have chosen "plot means only" in the Report Wizard, only the mean somatotypes for each of the groups will be shown); a Comparison of Variables Table with statistics for the Comparison Profile relative to the group. On the Somatoplot, the Comparison Profile is indicated by a black dot. The mean somatotype for all the profiles in the document is shown by

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the profile plot inside an empty circle. Below the Somatoplot is a brief description of the Somatotype document. The Comparison of Variables Table shows the Comparison Profile value, and the median, mean and SD for all profiles in the document for a range of variables. Also shown is the percentile rank of the Comparison Profile relative to all the profiles in the document.

1.17.

Report wizards

Somatotype report wizards make generating high quality, informationrich reports easy. By clicking Report Wizards on the palette or selecting Reports > Select Reports from the menu you will open a wizard selection window. Click on the wizards to read the brief descriptions of each report in the description box. After you have selected a wizard and clicked the OK button you will begin using the selected wizard. Each wizard is different and will have different requirements for documents being open and for profiles being selected. With the exception of the Compare two or more documents report each report will be generated based on profiles in the top most (screen focus) Somatotype document. The wizard will guide you through the process 28 - Somatotype: Users Guide

and generate a PDF (Portable Document Format) file, saved to the location you specify. Somatotype reports contain both graphical and statistical descriptions, and/or comparisons of data in the currently open Somatotype documents. Most (but not all) wizards will give you the option of only displaying document means on a somatoplot or to display all profiles. Select the display you want and click Next >>.

If you find that you have made a mistake you may, at any stage, press the << Back button to return to the previous screen. Select the somatoplot style you would like to use in the report from the Select a somatoplot style: pulldown button. The choices are as follows: XYZ shows the three points on the chart (colour coded into regions) Dots shows dots at common somatotype positions (colour coded into regions) None only shows the somatoplot axes 29 - Somatotype: Users Guide

When you have made a choice click Next >> Wait until the report has been generated. Enter a name for the report file. The wizard will close and you will now be able to open the report in your PDF (Portable Document Format) viewer (eg Adobe Acrobat).

1.18.

Downloading wizards

The wizard downloader enables Somatotype to be updated with new report wizards that have been requested. To request a new feature for Somatotype then email feature_request@sweattechnologies.com.

1.19.

PDF files

PDF (Portable Document Format) is a file format that can be viewed by third party PDF viewers such as Adobe Acrobat Reader. The reason that Somatotype uses PDF (Portable Document Format) for report output is because of the high quality of printed output, and because it is can be used across all major platforms. PDF files can be posted on web pages, opened on the three major computer platforms and compressed for transfer. These reasons make the format perfect for use by Somatotype, as the primary focus is information collection and sharing. PDF files can also be opened in some image processing applications, such as Adobe Photoshop, to extract images and tables from the reports to include in custom reports.

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7.

PRINTING DOCUMENTS

In addition to the high quality PDF report output that can be printed through a PDF viewer, Somatotype can print parts of a document. Somatotype handles the two document screens differently, to ensure reliable results. Printing the profiles detail view will print the profile like a normal word processor, printing onto a second page if the page size doesn't allow for the amount of text. To print the profile view of the selected profile make sure that you are in profile view. If you are in somatoplot view, you can go to the profile view by double-clicking anywhere on the somatoplot or by clicking the Show Profiles togglebutton at the bottom-left of the document window. Printing the somatoplot view will, however, only print the visible portion of the somatoplot. This means that you can zoom in and size the window to print a desired portion. Note that when rotated the somatoplot does not show, and therefore does not print, the arc-sided triangle normally seen as part of the somatoplot. Choosing File > Print from the menu will print either document view. You can set up the page margins and choose a printer by choosing File > Page Setup from the menu.

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8.

APPENDIX A

Equations for calculating and analysing somatotype data Somatotype attitudinal distance (SAD) The somatotype attitudinal distance is the difference between somatopoints (points in three dimensional space which represents somatotypes), and is calculated in component units: SADA,B= [( I A I B ) 2 + ( II A II B ) 2 + ( III A III B ) 2 Where I,II, and III represent the endomorphic, mesomorphic, and ectomorphic components of a somatotype, and A and B are two somatotypes. Somatotype attitudinal mean (SAM) The somatotype attitudinal mean is the average of the somatotype attitudinal distances (SADs) of each somatotype. SAM= SADi / n
i =1 n

Somatotype analysis of variance [(SANOVA)] (independent samples) Sum of squares within sample: SSw= ( SAD12 )
j =1 i =1 k k

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Where SAD1 is the SAD of each somatotype from its sample mean somatotype. Sum of squares between samples: SSb= n j ( S j M ) 2
j =1 k

Where nj = number in each group, S j = mean somatotype of each group and M = mean somatotype of combined groups. F-ratio= SS b / df b SS w / df w Carter & Heath (pp. 409-10, 1990) Carter et al. (1983)

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9.

FURTHER INFORMATION

For further information about the basics of somatotyping and calculation methods see the following references: REFERENCES Carter, L. (1996) Somatotyping. In: Anthropometrica. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. (Chapt. 6., pp. 148-170.) Also in Spanish: Somatotipo. In: K. Norton and T. Olds (Eds.), Antropometrica (Edicin en espaol; J.C. Mazza, Ed.) Rosario, ARG: Biosystem Servicio Educativo, 2000. (Cap. 6, pp. 113-155.) Carter, J.E.L., and B.H. Heath. (1990) Somatotyping: Development and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Carter, J.E.L., W.D. Ross, W. Duquet, and S.P. Aubry. (1983) Advances in Somatotype Methodology and Analysis. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology. 26: 193-213. Duquet, W. and Carter, J.E.L. (2001) Somatotyping. In: R. Eston and T. Reilly (Eds.), Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual: Tests, Procedures and data, Vol 1: Anthropometry. (2nd Ed.) (Chapt. 2. pp. 47-64). London: Routledge. Ross, W.D., Carr, R., and Carter, J.E.L. (1999) Anthropometry Illustrated (CD-Rom.). Surrey, CAN: Turnpike Electronic Publications, Inc.

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10. INDEX
A age 12, 14, 18 analysis of variance 25 ANOVA 25 arm 18 B bone breadths 18 C calculate 18 calf 18 categories 25, 26, 27 category charts 25, 26 combine & filter 12 combine & filter 12 comma separated values 24 comma-delimited 10, 11, 23 Compare 25, 28 comparison of variables table 28 complete 10, 11 country of origin 12 create 8, 12 criteria 15 CSV 11, 23, 24 D data 4, 5, 10, 11, 18, 19, 23, 24, 26, 30 database 9, 10 description 8, 10, 12, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29 descriptive 21, 26 descriptive statistics 21 descriptive statistics table 26, 27 document 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 33 35 - Somatotype: Users Guide

double-clicking 33 E ectomorphy 11 edit 19 endomorphy 11 exclude 12, 13 export 6, 23, 24 F file 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 20, 23, 24, 30, 31 G gender 11, 12, 13, 17 girths 18 graphical 30 group 26, 28 H height 17, 18, 27 height-weight ratio 18 help 5, 6 Help 5 I image 6, 24, 32 import 9, 10, 11, 23, 24 include column titles 23 information items 10, 11 J JPEG 24 M mass 17, 27 mean 21, 25, 26, 27, 28 36 - Somatotype: Users Guide

measured values 27 medial calf 18 median 26, 27, 28 menu 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 19, 20, 23, 24, 29, 33 mesomorphy 11 MOGAP 4 mouse 21, 24 O open 12 P palette 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 20, 29 partial 10, 11 PDF 5, 24, 29, 31, 32, 33 percentage 25, 26 percentile rank 28 plot 19, 20, 26, 27, 28 plot means only 25, 26, 28 Portable Document Format 5, 24, 30, 31 print 33 profile 4, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 26, 27, 28, 33 properties 20 R range 14, 27, 28 report 5, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33 results 25, 33 S SANOVA 25 save 9, 10, 12, 15, 24 SD 28 selected 15, 19, 20, 29, 33 size the window 33 skinfold 18 snapshot 6, 24 somatoplot 9, 20, 21, 25, 30, 31, 33 somatotype 4, 9, 18, 19, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31 37 - Somatotype: Users Guide

sport 12, 13, 14, 17 subject 4, 27 subscapular 18 summary 21 supraspinale 18 T tab- 10, 11, 23 tab-delimited 23, 24 test date 12 time 4, 8, 14, 27 triceps 18 U unknown data 19 V variable 16, 26 W wizard 4, 8, 12, 16, 19, 22, 29, 31 X XYZ 31 Z zoom 20, 33

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