Paper 4 - Energy Auditor - Set B Key: General Instructions
Paper 4 - Energy Auditor - Set B Key: General Instructions
Paper 4 - Energy Auditor - Set B Key: General Instructions
General instructions: o o o o o Please check that this question paper contains 12 printed pages Please check that this question paper contains 16 questions The question paper is divided into three sections All questions in all three sections are compulsory All parts of a question should be answered at one place
Section - I: 10
BRIEF QUESTIONS
Marks: 10 x 1 =
(i) Answer all Ten questions (ii) Each question carries One mark S-1 Ans Pressure ( Also full marks may be given If a candidate writes Air Demand) S-2 Ans Induced Draft Fan S-3 Ans Boiler Efficiency=( Turbine Heat Rate*100)/Unit Heat Rate= 85.7% S-4 Ans
1 _______________________ Bureau of Energy Efficiency
The loading and unloading of a reciprocating compressor is carried out based on______
In a power plant boiler, if there is air ingress in the flue gas duct, which auxiliary equipment would be most affected?
Calculate the boiler efficiency where the Turbine heat rate is 1930 kCal/ kWh and the generating unit heat rate is 2250 kCal/kWh
Between back pressure turbine and condensing turbine which will have more power generation efficiency?
Ans
. End of Section - I .
Section - II:
Marks: 2 x 5 = 10
(i) Answer all Two questions (ii) Each question carries Five marks
2 _______________________ Bureau of Energy Efficiency
L-1
An open cycle gas turbine was running with naphtha as fuel. The following are the data collected during the gas turbine operation: Fuel (Naphtha) consumption GCV of naphtha fuel Overall Efficiency of gas turbine which includes air compressor and alternator Cost of naphtha fuel : 180 kg/hr : 11500 kCal/kg : 28% : Rs.40,000/Ton
Ans
Find out the cost of fuel for generating one unit of electricity. Heat input to turbine = 11500 x 180 = 2070000 kCal/hr 1 Mark Efficiency of gas turbine Gas turbine output = = = 28% 2070000 x 0.28/ 860 674 kWh 2 Marks Cost of generating 674 units of electricity = = Cost of One unit of Electricity generation = = 180 kg x Rs.40 Rs.7200/hr 7200/674 Rs.10.7 / kWh
L-2
2 Marks In an air conditioning duct 0.5 m x 0.5 m, the average velocity of air measured by vane anemometer is 28 m/s. The static pressure at suction of the fan is -25 mmWC and at the discharge is 30 mmWC. The three phase induction motor draws 10.8 A at 415 V with a power factor of 0.9. Find out the efficiency of the fan if motor efficiency = 90% (Neglect air density correction). Volume flow rate of the fan, Q = = = = = = Velocity x Area 28 x (0.5 x 0.5) 7 m3/s 1 Mark Power input to the fan shaft Motor input power x motor efficiency (Sqrt 3 x 0.415 x 10.8 x 0.9) x 0.9 6.3 kW
Ans
Fan efficiency
1 Mark Volume in m3 / Sec x total pressure in mmwc 102 x Power input to the shaft in (kW) 1 Mark for writing the formula 7 x (30-(-25)) x 100 102 x 6.3 59.91% 2 Marks
3
= Fan efficiency =
(i) Answer all Four questions (ii) Each question carries Twenty marks N-1 Calculate the efficiency of the Atmospheric Fluidised Bed Combustion Boiler by indirect method using the following data: Analysis of blended coal (% by mass) Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulphur Ash Oxygen Moisture GCV : : : : : : : : 53.9 % 3.1 % 1.1 % 0.3 % 23.8 % 10.5 % 7.3 % 5060 kCal / kg
The boiler operating parameters are given below. Steam pressure Steam temperature Actual air supplied Mass of dry flue gas Specific heat of flue gas Flue gas temperature CO2 in flue gas : CO in flue gas GCV of bottom ash GCV of fly ash : 62.0 kg / cm2g : 470 oC : 8.91 kg/kg of coal : 9.31 kg/kg of coal : 0.23 kCal/kg oC : 160 oC 14.7 % : 325 ppm : : 800 kCal/kg 452.5 kCal/kg 10 : 90 32.4 oC 3.54 % 0.93 % 0.2 % 2%
Ratio of bottom ash to fly ash : Ambient temperature Loss due to hydrogen in fuel Loss due to moisture in fuel Loss due to moisture in air Surface heat losses (as assessed) Ans : : : : :
L1
=0.13 % 4 Marks 3. % Heat loss due to unburnt in fly ash % Ash in coal Ratio of bottom ash to fly ash GCV of fly ash Amount of fly ash in 1 kg of coal Heat loss in fly ash % heat loss in fly ash L3 = = = = = = 23.8 10:90 452.5 Kcal/kg 0.9 x 0.238 = 0.2142 kg 0.2142 x 452.5= 97 kCal / kg of coal 97 x 100 / 5060 = 1.92 % 4 Marks 800 Kcal/kg 0.10 x 0.238 = 0.0238 kg 0.0238 x 800 = 19.04 kCal/kg of coal 19.04 x 100 / 5060 = 0.38 % 4 Marks 3.54% (given) 0.93% (given) 0.2% (given) 2% (given)
4. % Heat loss due to unburnt in bottom ash GCV of bottom ash Amount of bottom ash in 1 kg of coal Heat loss in bottom ash % Heat loss in bottom ash L4 5. Loss due to hydrogen in fuel L5 6. Loss due to moisture in fuel L6 7. Loss due to moisture in air L7 8. Surface heat losses L8 = = = = = = = =
N-2
Boiler efficiency by indirect method = 100 (L1+ L2+ L3+ L4+ L5+ L6+ L7+ L8) = 100-(5.40 + 0.13+ 1.92+ 0.38+ 3.54+0.93+0.2+2) = 100-14.57 = 85.5 % 4 Marks a) For a VFD retrofit in a compressed air system with an initial investment of Rs.2.55 lakhs the annual savings are Rs.58,000/The NPV of the project over a six year period for 8% discount rate is Rs.13,134. The NPV of the project over a six year period for 10% discount rate is Rs.(-) 2468 Calculate the exact discount rate for NPV to be zero.
5
Assuming LMTD correction factor of 0.91 for plate heat exchanger, calculate i) The corrected LMTD ii) Overall heat transfer coefficient, U (kCal/hr.m2.oC) a) The positive and negative NPV's which are closest to zero discount rates are Rs (+)13,134 corresponding to 8% discount rate and Rs (-) 2,468 corresponding to10% discount rate . Hence the exact discount rate = (0.08+(0.1-0.08)*(13134)/(13134-(-2468))*100 = 9.68 % 6 Marks
Ans
b) i)
LMTD, Counter flow = {(84-54) (57-45)}/ {ln (84-54) / (57-45)} = 19.64 0 C 8 Marks Correction Factor, F = 0.91 (given) Corrected LMTD = F x LMTD = 0.91 x 19.64 = 17.9 0 C 2 Marks ii) Overall heat transfer coefficient, U = Q / (A x Corrected LMTD) U = 771000 / (52 x 17.9) = 828 kCal/hr.m2.0C 4 Marks N-3 a) A centrifugal water pump operates at 30 m3/hr and at 1440 RPM. The pump operating efficiency is 65% and motor efficiency is 89%. The discharge pressure gauge shows 3.4 kg/cm2. The suction is 3 m below the pump centerline. If the speed of the pump is reduced by 20 %, estimate the following: i) ii) iii) pump flow, pump head and motor power.
Assume motor and pump efficiency remains same at the reduced speed.
6 _______________________ Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Ans I External Heat Gain (i) Conduction heat gain through the wall = U factor x net area of wall x CLTD = 0.33 x (40-20) x 12 ] = 79.2 W 2 Marks (ii) Conduction heat gain through the roof = U factor x net area of roof x CLTD = 0.323 x ( 15 x 25 ) x 44 = 5 329.5 W 2 Marks (iii) Conduction heat gain through the windows = U factor x net area of windows x CLTD = (3.56 x 20 x 7) = 498.4 W 2 Marks (iv) Solar radiation through glass = Surface area x Shading coefficient x SCL = (20 x 0.74 x 605) = 8954 W 2 Marks II Internal Heat Gain (i) Heat gain from people Sensible heat gain Latent heat gain Therefore, Heat gain from people (ii) Heat gain from lighting Energy input = = = = Sensible heat gain + Latent heat gain
(No. of people x Sensible heat gain / person x CLF) = (25 x 75 x 0.9) = 1687.5 W = No. of people x Latent heat gain / person = (25 x 55 ) = 1375 W = (1687.5 + 1375 ) = 3062.5 W
= ( Energy input x Ballast factor x CLF ) ( Amount of lighting in space / unit area ) x Floor area 21.5 x ( 15 x 25 ) = 8062.5 W = ( 8062.5 x 1.2 x 0.9 ) = 8707.5 W 3 Marks
Sensible heat generated by coffee maker Latent heat generated by coffee maker Sensible heat gain by computers and office equipment Therefore, Heat generated by equipment
_______________________ Bureau of Energy Efficiency
4 Marks or C) (i) If the heat rate of a power plant is 2900 kCal/kWh, what is its efficiency? (ii) What is the condenser vacuum in millibar, if the condenser back pressure is 0.89 kg/cm2? (iii) Explain how Terminal Temperature Difference (TTD ) can also be negative (iv) Calculate the % auxiliary power consumption for a Thermal power station if Gross Heat Rate is 3200 kCal/kWh and Net Heat rate is 3500 kCal/kWh. Ans (i) The efficiency of a power plant is inverse of heat rate Efficiency = ((1*860)/2900)*100 = 29.7% 5 Marks (ii) Condenser vaccum, kg/cm2 (a) = Atmospheric pressure Condenser back pressure 5 Marks Condenser Vacuum = 1 0.89 Calculated condenser vacuum = 0.11 kg/cm2 (a) = 110 millibar (iii) In some of the cases, because of the de-superheating zone in the feed water heater, the feed water temperature leaving the heater may be higher than the saturation temperature of the condensing zone. Therefore, the heater may have a negative TTD
10 _______________________ Bureau of Energy Efficiency
= 8/ (21-8) = 61.5 % 2 Marks = [1 + (EA/100)] x theoretical air = [1 + (61.5/100)] x 14 =22.61 kg of air/kg of fuel 2 Marks =65 x 100 = 6500 kg/day
( In the question the Sp. Gravity of fuel is not given. If the candidate has calculated as above ie 65 litres full marks may be give. If a candidate assumes a sp.gravity and multiplies 65 x assumed sp.gravity again full marks may be given.)