vkeq[k iii

dgk¡ D;k gS
cM+ksa ls nks ckrsa v

viuh&viuh jaxrsa 1
1- jk[k dh jLlh (yksddFkk) 5
*nqfu;k dh Nr 11
2- iQlyksa osQ R;ksgkj (ys[k) 13
3- f[kykSusokyk (dfork) 20
*bZnxkg 24
*gokbZ Nrjh 32
4- uUgk iQudkj (dgkuh) 33
5- tgk¡ pkg ogk¡ jkg (ys[k) 41

ckr dk lI+kQj 47
*i=k 51
6- fpêòh dk lI+kQj (ys[k) 52
7- Mkfd, dh dgkuh] o¡Qojflag dh tqckuh
(HksaVokrkZ) 58
8- os fnu Hkh D;k fnu Fks (foKku dFkk) 62
9- ,d ek¡ dh csclh (dfork) 68
et+k[kVksyk 73
10- ,d fnu dh ckn'kkgr (dgkuh) 77
11- pkoy dh jksfV;k¡ (ukVd) 83
12- xq# vkSj psyk (dfork) 93
*fcuk tM+ dk isM+ 101
13- Lokeh dh nknh (dgkuh) 103
*dkVwuZ 108

vkl&ikl 110
14- ck?k vk;k ml jkr (dfork) 113
*,f'k;kbZ 'ksj osQ fy, ehBh xksfy;k¡ 117
15- fc'ku dh fnysjh (dgkuh) 118
*jkr Hkj fcy[krs&¯p?kkM+rs jgs 126
16- ikuh js ikuh (ys[k) 128
*unh dk lI+kQj 132
17- NksVh&lh gekjh unh (dfork) 134
*tksM+klk¡dks okyk ?kj 137
18- pqukSrh fgeky; dh (;k=kk o.kZu) 140
*ge D;k mxkrs gSa 147

'kCnkFkZ 148

xii
 viuh&viuh jaxrsa

1
2 2
 viuh&viuh jaxrsa
bl Hkkx esa 'kkfey dh xbZ jpuk,¡ ,slh ph”kksa osQ ckjs esa gSa ftUgsa vke
rkSj ij laLÑfr osQ varxZr j[kk tkrk gSA laLÑfr 'kCn dk nk;jk cgqr
cM+k gSA blosQ vanj fojklr Hkh 'kkfey gSA vc 'kk;n ;g lkspuk ”k:jh
gS fd fojklr fdls dgrs gSaA fojklr esa mu lc ckrksa vkSj ph”kksa dks
'kkfey fd;k tkrk gS tks gesa vius iwoZtksa dh ;kn fnykrh gSaA iqjkuh
bekjrsa vkSj Lekjd] fp=k vkSj iqLrossaQ] cxhps vkSj lM+osaQ ,slh ph”kksa esa
'kkfey gSaA bl rjg dh fojklr dks ge viuh vk¡[kksa ls ns[k ldrs gSa]
ysfdu fojklr osQ vkSj Hkh dbZ :i gSa tks gekjs thou esa brus ?kqy&fey
x, gSa fd vDlj ge muosQ ckjs esa vyx ls ugha lksprsA mnkgj.k osQ
rkSj ij tks [kkuk ge jks”k [kkrs gSa] fo'ks"k fnuksa ij tks idoku vkSj
feBkb;k¡ cukrs gSa] ;k tks diMs+ ge igurs gSa] ;s lc gekjh fojklr dk
vax gaS vkSj gekjs jks”kkuk osQ thou dk vax cu x, gSaA ;fn ge buesa
viuh Hkk"kk] jhfr&fjokt] /kfeZd ekU;rkvksa vkSj thou&'kSyh dks tksM+
ysa rks ;s lkjh ckrsa feydj gekjh laLÑfr dgyk,¡xhA
ikB~;iqLrd osQ bl Hkkx esa 'kkfey jpuk,¡ laLÑfr osQ oqQN fo'ks"k
igyqvksa dks mHkkjrh gSAa f[kykSus okyk 'kh"kZd dfork dbZ f[kykSuksa dh
;kn fnykrh gS ftuls cPps [ksyrs jgs gSAa dfork esa ftu f[kykSuksa dk f”kØ
vk;k gS] muesa ls oqQN f[kykSus e'khuksa ls cuk, tkrs gS]a ysfdu ,sls Hkh dbZ
f[kykSus ck”kkj esa feyrs gSa tks fe^h] diM+s ;k ydM+h ls cuk, tkrs gSaA
bu f[kykSuksa dks gkFk ls Hkh cuk;k tk ldrk gSA bl rjg osQ ikjaifjd
f[kykSus Hkkjr osQ fofHkUu izn's kksa esa vyx&vyx :i esa cuk, tkrs gSAa
gekjs ns'k osQ gj fgLls esa fe^h ;k diM+s dh xqfM+;k cukus dk fjokt jgk
gSA xqfM+;k osQ diM+]s cky vkSj twrs ml bykosQ dh thou&'kSyh ls esy
[kkrs gSa tgk¡ os cuk, x, gksaA bl n`f"Vdks.k ls xqfM+;k dh vkÑfr vkSj
mldh os'kHkw"kk esa ikbZ tkus okyh vyx&vyx rjg dh lqna jrk dks ge
Hkkjr dh lkaLÑfrd fofo/rk dk ,d vPNk mnkgj.k ;k izrhd eku
ldrs gSAa gekjs ns'k esa ,ssls dbZ R;ksgkj gSa ftUgsa eukrs le; [kkl rjg
osQ f[kykSus cukus dk fjokt gSA lkou osQ eghus esa fe^h osQ f[kykSus]
ydM+h dh pdfj;k¡ vkSj y^w cuk, tkrs gSaA ydM+h osQ bu f[kykSuksa ij
yk[k osQ jaxksa dh pednkj ikfy'k jgrh gSA

3
3
 I+kQlyksa dk R;ksgkj 'kh"kZd ys[k esa I+kQlyksa ls tqM+s mRloksa dk fTk+ Ø
fd;k x;k gS tks ns'k osQ fofHkUu izkra ksa esa vyx&vyx ukeksa ls euk, tkrs
gSaA ;s R;ksgkj Hkh Hkkjr dh lkaLo`Qfrd fofoèkrk dk lqanj uewuk gSA bl
ikB dks i<+dj ;g le>k tk ldrk gS fd laLÑfr esa fdruh lkjh ckrsa
'kkfey jgrh gSa tks ,d rjIkQ+ izÑfr vkSj Hkwxksy ls lacfa /r gSa rks nwljh
rjIkQ+ euq"; osQ }kjk cukbZ xbZ lkexzh lsA
[kkus&ihus dh phT+ksa vkSj diM+s blfy, cuk, tkrs gSa D;ksafd muosQ
fcuk ge th ugha ldrsA ysfdu ,slh Hkh dbZ ph”ksa euq"; jprk gS tks
lh/s&lh/s fdlh mi;ksx esa ugha vkrha] fiQj Hkh gekjs thou esa blfy,
egRoiw.kZ gks tkrh gSa D;ksafd os lqanj gSaA uUgk I+kQudkj dgkuh ,d ,sls
yM+osQ osQ ckjs esa gS tks iRFkj dks rjk'kdj mu ij ?kafV;k¡ cukrk FkkA
ns'k dk dksbZ ,slk {ks=k ugha gS tgk¡ iRFkj] ydM+h] fe^h] diM+s ;k
dkx”k dh enn ls lqanj pht+sa u cukbZ tkrh gkasA Hkkjr oQh gLrdyk
lkjh nqfu;k esa viuh lqanjrk osQ fy, e'kgwj gSaA diM+s ij d<+kbZ djuk
,slk gh ,d dkS'ky gS ftldk egRo tgk¡ pkg ogk¡ jkg 'kh"kZd jpuk
esa le>k tk ldrk gSA gekjs ?kj ij rfd, dk fxykI+kQ] es”kiks'k ;k
fiQj ek¡ dh 'kky ij jaxhu /kxksa ls d<+kbZ ns[kh tk ldrh gSA cPps bl
d<+kbZ dks ckjhdh ls ns[ksa vkSj lqbZ&èkkxk ysdj [kqn ,slh d<+kbZ djus
dh dksf'k'k djsa rks os le> tk,¡xs fd ;g dke fdruh esgur ek¡xrk
gSA xqfM+;k] feBkbZ vkSj R;ksgkjksa dh rjg gh d<+kbZ dh lSadM+ksa 'kSfy;k¡
gekjs ns'k osQ vyx&vyx fgLlksa esa ikbZ tkrh gSaA
laLÑfr dk gh ,d vkSj :i iqjkuh dgkfu;ksa essa vfHkO;Dr gksrk gSA
tks dgkfu;k¡ lSdM+ksa o"kks± ls pyh vk jgh gSa] mUgsa yksddFkk dgrs gSaA
;s dgkfu;k¡ vkt gesa fdrkcksa esa i<+us dks feyrh gSa] ysfdu iqjkus le;
ls ysdj vkt rd ;s yksxksa dh Le`fr esa gh thfor jgh gSa vkSj
ih<+h&nj&ih<+h ekSf[kd :i ls lqukbZ tkrh jgh gSaA nqfu;k osQ gj lekt
esa yksddFkk,¡ lquh&lqukbZ tkrh gSaA buesa ls oqQN dgkfu;k¡ feyrh&tqyrh
gksrh gSa ysfdu gj txg dh yksddFkk viuk oqQN vyx :i Hkh fy,
jgrh gSA jk[k dh jLlh 'kh"kZd dgkuh frCcr dh yksddFkk gS tks
gesa ogk¡ osQ lekt dh ,d >yd nsrh gSA ge ;fn vius vkl&ikl osQ
bykdksa dh yksddFkk,¡ i<a+s ;k fdlh cM+s&cw<+s ls lqusa rks ml dgkuh esa
Hkh lekt] laLo`Qfr vkSj bfrgkl osQ ckjs esa cgqr lkjh ckrsa tku loasQxsA

44
1 jk[k dh jLlh

yksuiks xkj frCcr osQ cÙkhlosa jktk lkSuxolSu

xkaiks osQ ea=kh FksA os viuh pkykdh vkSj gkf”kjtokch
osQ fy, nwj&nwj rd e'kgwj FksA dksbZ muosQ lkeus
fVdrk u FkkA pSu ls fT+kanxh py jgh FkhA exj
tc ls mudk csVk cM+k gqvk Fkk muosQ fy, ¯prk
dk fo"k; cuk gqvk FkkA dkj.k ;g Fkk fd og
cgqr Hkksyk FkkA gksf'k;kjh mls Nwdj Hkh ugha xbZ
FkhA yksuiks xkj us lkspk] ¶esjk csVk cgrq lhèkk&lknk
gSA esjs ckn bldk dke oSQls pysxk!¸
,d fnu yksuiks xkj us vius csVs dks lkS HksM+sa
nsrs g,q dgk] ¶rqe bUgsa ysdj 'kgj tkvksA exj
bUgsa ekjuk ;k cspuk ughaA bUgsa okil ykuk lkS tkS
osQ ckSjksa osQ lkFkA ojuk eSa rqEgsa ?kj esa ugha ?kqlus
nw¡xkA¸ blosQ ckn mUgksaus csVs dks 'kgj dh rjIkQ+
jokuk fd;kA
yksuiks xkj dk csVk 'kgj ig¡qp x;kA exj brus
cksjs tkS [kjhnus osQ fy, mlosQ ikl #i, gh dgk¡
Fks\ og bl leL;k ij lkspus&fopkjus osQ fy,
lM+d fdukjs cSB x;kA exj dksbZ gy mldh
le> esa gh ugha vk jgk FkkA og cgqr nq[kh FkkA
rHkh ,d yM+dh mlosQ lkeus vk [kM+h gqbZA
¶D;k ckr gS rqe brus nq[kh D;ksa gks\¸ yksuiks xkj
osQ csVs us viuk gky dg lquk;kA ¶blesa bruk
nq[kh gksus dh dksbZ ckr ughaA eSa bldk gy
fudky nsrh gw¡A¸ bruk dgdj yM+dh us HksM+ksa osQ
5
 cky mrkjs vkSj mUgsa ckt+kj esa
csp fn;kA tks #i, feys muls
tkS osQ lkS cksjs [kjhn dj mls
?kj okil Hkst fn;kA
yksuiks xkj osQ csVs dks yxk
fd mlosQ firk cgqr [kq'k gksaxsA
exj mldh vkichrh ij mUgksaus
è;ku ugha fn;kA os mBdj dejs
ls ckgj pys x,A nwljs fnu
mUgksaus vius csVs dks cqykdj
dgk] ¶fiNyh ckj HksM+ksa osQ cky mrkjdj cspuk eq>s t+jk Hkh ilan ugha vk;kA
vc rqe nksckjk mUgha HksM+ksa dks ysdj tkvksA muosQ lkFk tkS osQ lkS cksjs ysdj
gh ykSVukA¸
,d ckj fiQj fujk'k yksuiks xkj dk csVk 'kgj esa mlh txg tk cSBkA u
tkus D;ksa mls ;dhu Fkk fd og yM+dh mldh enn osQ fy, t+:j vk,xhA
vkSj gv q k Hkh oqQN ,slk gh] og yM+dh vkbZA mlls mlus viuh eqf'dy dg
lqukbZ] ¶vc rks fcuk tkS osQ lkS cksjksa osQ esjs firk eq>s ?kj esa ugha ?kqlus nsaxsA¸
yM+dh lkspdj cksyh] ¶,d rjhdk gSA¸ mlus HksM+ksa osQ lhax dkV fy,A mUgsa
cspdj tks #i, feys muls lkS cksjs tkS [kjhnsA cksjs yksuiks xkj osQ csVs dks
lkSaidj yM+dh us mls ?kj Hkst fn;kA
HksM+sa vkSj tkS osQ cksjs firk osQ gokys djrs g,q yksuiks xkj dk csVk [kq'k FkkA
mlus fot;h Hkko ls lkjh dgkuh dg lqukbZA lqudj yksuiks xkj cksys] ¶ml
yM+dh ls dgks fd gesa ukS gkFk yach jk[k dh jLlh cukdj nsA¸ muosQ csVs
us yM+dh osQ ikl tkdj firk dk lans'k nksgjk fn;kA yM+dh us ,d 'krZ j[kh]
¶eSa jLlh cuk rks nw¡xhA exj rqEgkjs firk dks og xys esa iguuh gksxhA¸ yksuiks
xkj us lkspk ,slh jLlh cukuk gh vlaHko gSA blfy, yM+dh dh 'krZ eaT+kwj
dj yhA
vxys fnu yM+dh us ukS gkFk yach jLlh yhA mls iRFkj osQ fly ij j[kk

6
vkSj tyk fn;kA jLlh ty xbZ] exj jLlh viuh ckr
osQ vkdkj dh jk[k cp xbZA bls og fly
lesr yksuiks xkj osQ ikl ys xbZ vkSj mls
iguus osQ fy, dgkA yksuiks xkj jLlh
ns[kdj pfdr jg x,A os tkurs Fks fd
jk[k dh jLlh dks xys esa iguuk rks nwj]
mBkuk Hkh eqf'dy gSA gkFk yxkrs gh og
VwV tk,xhA yM+dh dh le>nkjh osQ lkeus
mudh viuh pkykdh èkjh jg xbZA fcuk
oDr x¡ok, yksuiks xkj us vius csVs dh
'kknh dk izLrko yM+dh osQ lkeus j[k
fn;kA /we/ke ls mu nksuksa dh 'kknh gks xbZA

7
Hkksyk&Hkkyk
1- frCcr osQ ea=kh vius csVs osQ Hkksysiu ls fpafrr jgrs FksA
(d) rqEgkjs fopkj ls os fdu&fdu ckrksa osQ ckjs esa lkspdj ijs'kku gksrs Fks\
([k) rqe frCcr osQ ea=kh dh txg gksrh rks D;k mik; djrh\
'kgj dh rjIkQ+
1- ¶ea=kh us vius csVs dks 'kgj dh rjI+kQ jokuk fd;kA¸
(d) ea=kh us vius csVs dks 'kgj D;ksa Hkstk Fkk\
([k) mlus vius csVs dks HksM+ksa osQ lkFk 'kgj esa gh D;ksa Hkstk\
(x) rqEgkjs ?kj osQ cM+s yksx igys dgk¡ jgrs Fks\ ?kj esa irk djksA vkl&iM+ksl esa Hkh
fdlh ,sls O;fDr osQ ckjs esa irk djks tks fdlh nwljh txg tkdj cl x;k gksA
muls ckrphr djks vkSj tkuus dh dksf'k'k djks fd D;k os vius fu.kZ; ls [kq'k
gSaA D;ksa\ ,d iq#"k] ,d efgyk vkSj ,d cPps ls ckr djksA ;g Hkh iwNks fd
mUgksaus og txg D;ksa NksM+ nh\
2- ^tkS* ,d rjg dk vukt gS ftls dbZ rjg ls bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA bldh jksVh cukbZ
tkrh gS] lÙkw cuk;k tkrk gS vkSj lw[kk Hkwudj Hkh [kk;k tkrk gSA vius ?kj esa vkSj LowQy
esa ckrphr djosQ oqQN vkSj vuktksa osQ uke irk djksA
xsgw¡ tkS
----------------------- -----------------------
----------------------- -----------------------
3- xsgw¡ vkSj tkS vukt gksrs gSa vkSj ;s rhuksa 'kCn laKk gSaA ^xsgw¡* vkSj ^tkS* vyx&vyx
fdLe osQ vuktksa osQ uke gSa blfy, ;s nksuksa O;fDrokpd laKk gSa vkSj ^vukt*
tkfrokpd laKk gSA blh izdkj ^fjef>e* O;fDrokpd laKk gSA vkSj ^ikB~;iqLrd*
tkfrokpd laKk gSA
(d) uhps nh xbZ laKkvksa dk oxhZdj.k bu nks izdkj dh laKkvksa esa djksμ
ysg /krq 'ksjokuh Hkkstu
rk¡ck f[kpM+h 'kgj os'kHkw"kk
([k) mQij fy[kh gj tkfrokpd laKk osQ fy, rhu&rhu O;fDrokpd laKk,¡ [kqn
lkspdj fy[kksA
rqe lsj] eSa lok lsj
1- bl yM+dh dk rks lHkh yksgk eku x,A Fkk u lpeqp ugys ij ngyk! rqEgsa Hkh ;gh
djuk gksxkA
8
 rqe ,slk dksbZ dke <¡w<+ks ftls djus osQ fy, lw>cw> dh T+k:jr gksA mls ,d dkxt+ esa
fy[kks vkSj rqe lHkh viuh&viuh fpV dks ,d fMCcs esa Mky nksA fMCcs dks chp esa
j[kdj mlosQ pkjksa vksj xksykbZ esa cSB tkvksA vc ,d&,d djosQ vkvks] ml fMCcs ls
,d fpV fudkydj i<+ks vkSj mlosQ fy, dksbZ mik; lq>kvksA ftl cPps us lcls T+;knk
mik; lq>k, og rqEgkjh d{kk dk ^chjcy* gksxkA
2- ea=kh us csVs ls dgk] ¶fiNyh ckj HksM+ksa osQ cky mrkj dj cspuk eq>s ”kjk Hkh ilan ugha
vk;kA¸
D;k ea=kh dks lpeqp ;g ckr ilan ugha vkbZ Fkh\ vius mÙkj dk dkj.k Hkh crkvksA
lhax vkSj tkS
igyh ckj esa ea=kh osQ csVs us HksM+ksa osQ cky csp fn, vkSj nwljh ckj esa HksM+ksa osQ lhax csp
MkysA ftu yksxksa us ;s ph”ksa [kjhnh gksaxh] mUgkasus HksM+ksa osQ ckyksa vkSj lhaxksa dk D;k fd;k
gksxk\ viuh dYiuk ls crkvksA
ckr dks dgus osQ rjhosQ
1- uhps dgkuh ls oqQN okD; fn, x, gSAa bu ckrksa dks rqe vkSj fdl rjg ls dg ldrh gks—
(d) pSu ls ft+anxh py jgh FkhA
([k) gksf'k;kjh mls Nwdj Hkh ugha xbZ FkhA
(x) eSa bldk gy fudky nsrh gw¡A
(?k) mudh viuh pkykdh /jh jg xbZA
2- ^yksuiks xkj dk csVk gksf'k;kj ugha FkkA*
(d) ^gksf'k;kj* vkSj ^pkykd* esa D;k
I+kQoZQ gksrk gS\ fdl vkèkkj
ij fdlh dks rqe pkykd ;k
gksf'k;kj dg ldrh gks\ blh
izdkj ^Hkksyk* vkSj ^cq¼w*
osQ ckjs esa Hkh lkspks vkSj
d{kk esa ppkZ djksA
([k) yM+dh dks rqe ^le>nkj*
dgksxh ;k cqf¼eku\ D;ks\a

9
uke nks
dgkuh esa yksuiks xkj osQ csVs vkSj yM+dh dks dksbZ uke ugha fn;k x;k gSA uhps frCcr esa cPpksa
osQ ukedj.k osQ ckjs esa crk;k x;k gSA ;g ifjp; i<+ks vkSj euila n uke Nk¡Vdj csVs vkSj
yM+dh dks dksbZ uke nksA

ukf;ek] Mkok] fexekj] yk[kik] uq[kw] Qw nksjtsμ;s D;k gSa\ dksbZ [kkus dh phT+k ;k ?kweus
dh txgksa ds ukeA th ugha] ;s gSa frCcrh cPpksa ds dqN ukeA ;s lkjs uke frCcr esa 'kqHk ekus
tkrs gSaA ^ukf;ek* uke fn;k tkrk gS jfookj dks tUe ysus okys cPpksa dks A ekurs gSa fd blls
cPps dks ml fnu ds nsork lwjt tSlh 'kfDr feysxh vkSj tc&tc mldk uke iqdkjk
tk,xk] ;g 'kfDr c<+rh tk,xhA lkseokj dks tUe ysus okys
cPpksa dk uke ^Mkok* j[kk tkrk gSA ;g yM+dk&yM+dh
nksuksa dk uke gks ldrk gSA frCcrh Hkk"kk esa Mkok ds nks
eryc gksrs gSa] lkseokj vkSj pk¡nA ;kuh Mkok pk¡n tSlh
jks'kuh QSyk,xh vkSj v¡èksjk nwj djsxhA frCcr esa cq) ds
L=h&iq#"k :iksa ij Hkh ukedj.k djrs gSa [kkldj
nksyek uke cgqr feyrk gSA ;g cq) ds L=h :i rkjk dk
gh frCcrh uke gSA

10
 * nqfu;k dh Nr

fdlh Hkh yksddFkk dks le>us ds fy, ml

bykds dh tyok;q] jgu&lgu] [kku&iku
vkSj laLd̀fr dks le>uk mi;ksxh gksrk gS] ftl
bykds esa og yksddFkk lqukbZ tkrh gSA jk[k
dh jLlh 'kh"kZd yksddFkk frCcr ls lacafèkr
gS] ftls nqfu;k dh Nr dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd ;g
cgqr Å¡ ps iBkj ij fLFkr gSA iBkj T+kehu ds ,sls
Hkkx dks dgrs gSa tks eSnku ls Å¡pk vkSj igkM+
ls uhpk gksrk gSA frCcr ds iBkj ij [kM+ s gSa
Å¡ps&Å¡ps igkM+ tks fgeky; dk fgLlk gaSA bu
igkM+ ksa dh ,d [kkfl;r ;g gS fd ;s dbZ jax
ds gSa—Hkwjs] yky] ihys] cSaxuh] xqykch] xs#vk
vkSj gjsA Bhd oSls gh tSls NksVs cPps vius fp=ksa
esa eupkgs jax Hkj nsrs gSaA bu iFkjhys igkM+ ksa esa
rjg&rjg dh feêðh vkSj [kfut inkFkZ gSaA lwjt
dh c<+rh vkSj ?kVrh fdj.kksa ds iM+ us ls os igkM+
vuks[ks jaxksa esa ped mBrs gSaA
frCcr dh gok esa ueh cgrq de gSA bl otg ls ;gk¡ cjlkr vkSj cQ+ Z ckjh de
gksrh gSA [kq'd ekSle esa isM+&ikS/ks cgrq ugha gksrs gSaA frCcr dk iwohZ Hkkx gh ,slk gS tgk¡
?kus taxy ik, tkrs gSaA mu taxyksa esa isM+&ikS/kksa] i'kq&if{k;ksa dh nqyZHk fdLesa feyrh
gSaA frCcr dh feêðh dgha jsrhyh gS] dgha yky&ihyh] rks dgha dkyhA
frCcr esa yxHkx 1500 >hysa gSaA ;s >hysa curh gSa μ igkM+ ksa dh cQZ+ fi?kyus lsA buesa
ekuljksoj >hy dk cgqr uke gSA ;gha ls lkaxiks ;kuh czãiq= unh fudyrh gSA
dkQh+ Å¡pkbZ ij clk gksus ds dkj.k frCcr cgqr BaMk izns'k gSA ;gk¡ dh lnhZ dk
gky er iwNks! ,slk yxrk gS tSls fdlh us fQzT+k esa Mky fn;k gks vkSj Åij ls rsT+k BaMh

11

* nqfu;k dh Nr cPpksa dks frCcr osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh nsus osQ fy, fn;k x;k gSA blesa ls iz'u ugha iwNs tk,¡A
gok py jgh gksA blhfy, ogk¡ ds
yksx ges'kk Hkkjh & Hkjde xeZ
diM+ s igus jgrs gSaA
frCcrh yksxksa dh ?kj cukus dh
dkjhxjh vuks[kh gSA ;gk¡ ydM+ h ds
cus gq, cgqeafT+kyk ?kj gSaA yksx vc
iRFkj] feêh vkSj lhesaV ds ?kj Hkh
cukus yxs gSaA f[kM+ fd;k¡ Hkh vfèkd
cukbZ tkrh gSa rkfd lw;Z dh <sj
lkjh jks'kuh ?kj ds vanj tk ldsA
Hkwdai ls cpko ds fy, nhokjsa vanj
dh vksj FkksM+k >qdh gksrh gSaA
frCcr dk lcls cM+k 'kgj gS
YgklkA 3650 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij
fLFkr gksus ds dkj.k ;g nqfu;k dk
lcls Å¡pkbZ dk 'kgj ekuk tkrk
gSA diM+ ksa rFkk [kkus&ihus ds fy,
;gk¡ dk ckT+kkj cgqr izfl) gSA
Ygklk dks frCcfr;ksa dk fny ekuk
tkrk gSA

12
12
 2 Ik+ Qlyksa osQ R;ksgkj
lkjk fnu cksjlh osQ vkxs cSBdj gkFk rkirs g,q xqT+kj tkrk gSA
dgk¡ rks f[kpM+h osQ le; èkwi esa xjekgV dh 'kq#vkr gksuh
pkfg, vkSj ;gk¡ ge lwjt osQ barT+kkj esa vkl yxk, cSBs gq,
gSaA iwjs nl fnu gks x, lwjt ykirk gSA vkt lqcg rks jT+kkbZ
ls fudyus dh fgEer ugha gks jgh FkhA
ckgj ns[kus ls rks le; dk vankT+k fcYoqQy ugha gks jgk ysfdu ?kj esa gks
jgh pgy&igy vc irk py jgh gSA jg&jgdj dkuksa esa dHkh pk¡ ikdy osQ
pyus vkSj ikuh osQ fxjus dh vkokt+ rks dHkh fdlh osQ gk¡d yxkus dh vkokT+k
vk jgh Fkh] ¶tk Hkkx osQ ns[k osQjk osQ iÙkk vkby dh uk\¸
¶vkt bZ yksx osQ mBs osQ ubZ[ks dk\ cksy tYnh rS;kj gks[klA¸
vc rks mBus esa gh HkykbZ gSA
ugk&èkksdj ge lHkh ,d dejs esa bdêòk gq,A nknk vkSj pkpk us D;k lI+ksQn
pdkpd ek¡M+ yxh èkksrh vkSj oqQrkZ iguk gqvk gS! ¶f[kpM+h esa vblu BkM+
ge ifgys dCcks uk ns[k uh lkjk nsg duduk ns rk!¸ ikik us dgkA 'kk;n
vkt /ksrh esa mUgsa Ba M oqQN T+;knk yx jgh gSA
lkeus efp;k ij [kknh dh lI+ksQn lkM+h igus g,q nknh cSBh FkhaA vkt nknh
us vius cky èkks, gSaμ>d lI+ksQn lsey dh #bZ tSls gYosQ&iqQyosQ ckyA xkSj
ls ns[kus ij Hkh ,d dkyk cky uT+kj ugha vkrkA fcYoqQy èkqyh&èkqyh lh yx
jgh gSa nknhA muosQ lkeus osQys osQ oqQN iÙks drkj esa j[ks gSa ftl ij fry]
feêòk (xqM+)] pkoy vkfn osQ NksVs&NksVs <sj iM+ s gq, gSaA gesa ckjh&ckjh ls mu
lHkh phT+kksa dks Nwus vkSj iz.kke djus osQ fy, dgk x;kA tc lcus ,slk dj
fy;k rks mu lHkh phT+kksa dks ,d txg bdêòk djosQ nku ns fn;k x;kA
vkt rks vIih fnfn;k cqjh i¡QlhA mUgsa u rks pwM+k&ngh gh ilan gS vkSj u
gh f[kpM+h] ij vkt rks I+kQjekb'kh uk'rk ugha pysxkA mUgsa nksuksa gh phT+ksa [kkuh
iM+saxh--- vkt f[kpM+h tks gS! f[kpM+h [kkus osQ ckn lHkh us ^x;k* ls vk, fry]
1313
xqM+ vkSj phuh osQ fryoqQV dks cM+ s pko ls [kk;kA [kkrs&[kkrs eSa lksp
jgh Fkh fd fdruh vyx gS u ;g f[kpM+ h tks vHkh ge euk jgs gSaA
LowQy esa ge tks f[kpM+ h eukrs Fks mldh vyx gh eLrh gqvk djrh FkhA
Nqê hð dk fnu] uko esa cSBdj xaxk unh dh lSj vkSj fiQj Vkiw ij ckyw eas nkSM+rs
gq, irax mM+ kuk ;k mM+ kus dh dksf'k'k djukA fdruk eT+kk vkrk FkkA b/j ge
irax mM+ krs Fks vkSj ogha FkksM+h nwj ij xq#th] foeyk fník] vkuan th] f>yfeV
HkS;k lc feydj b±V ls cus pwYgs ij cM+ s&cM+ s dM+ kgksa esa f[kpM+ h cukrs FksA
ge Hkh chp&chp esa viuh iraxksa dks lqLrkus dk ekSdk nsrs gq, eVj vkSj I;kt
Nhyus cSB tkrsA oSlh f[kpM+h fiQj nqckjk [kkus dks ugha feyhA okdbZ] <a x oSQlk
Hkh gks] ij gS ;s [kqf'k;ksa dk R;ksgkj!
tuojh ekg osQ eè; esa Hkkjr osQ yxHkx lHkh izkarksa esa I+kQlyksa ls tqM+k
dksbZ&u&dksbZ R;ksgkj euk;k tkrk gSA dksbZ I+kQlyksa osQ rS;kj gks tkus ij [kq'kh
ck¡Vrk gS rks oqQN yksx bl mEehn esa [kq'k gksrs gSa fd vc ikyk de gksxk]
lwjt dh xehZ c<+ us ls [ksrksa esa [kM+ h I+kQly rsT+kh ls c<+sxhA lHkh izkarksa vkSj
bykdksa dk viuk jax vkSj viuk <a x ut+j vkrk gSA bl fnu lc yksx vPNh
iSnkokj dh mEehn vkSj I+kQlyksa osQ ?kj esa vkus dh [kq'kh dk bTk+ gkj djrs gSaA mÙkj
izns'k] fcgkj] eè; izns'k esa edj&laØkafr ;k fry laØkar] vle esa chgw] osQjy
esa vks.ke] rfeyukMq esa iksaxy] iatkc esa yksgM+ h] >kj[kaM esa ljgqy] xqtjkr esa
irax dk ioZ lHkh [ksrh vkSj I+kQlyksa ls tqM+s R;ksgkj gSaA bUgsa tuojh ls eè;
vizSy rd vyx&vyx le; euk;k tkrk gSA
>kj[kaM esa ljgqy cM+ s tks'kks&[kjks'k osQ lkFk euk;k tkrk gSA pkj
fnuksa rd bldk t'u pyrk jgrk gSA
vyx&vyx tutkfr;k¡ bls vyx&vyx le; esa
eukrh gSaA laFkky yksx iQjojh&ekpZ esa] rks vksjkao yksx
bls ekpZ&viSzy esa eukrs gSaA vkfnoklh vkerkSj ij
izo`Qfr dh iwtk djrs gSaA ljgqy osQ fnu fo'ks"k :i ls
^lky* osQ isM+ dh iwtk dh tkrh gSA ;gh le; gS tc
lky osQ isM+kas esa iwQy vkus yxrs gSa vkSj ekSle cgqr
gh [kq'kuqek gks tkrk gSA L=kh&iq#"k nksuksa gh <ksy&ea thjs
14
 ysdj jkr Hkj ukprs&xkrs gSaA pkjksa vksj
iSQyh gqbZ NksVh&NksVh ?kkfV;k¡] yacs&yacs
lky osQ o`{kksa dk taxy vkSj ogha vkl&ikl
cls NksVs&NksVs xk¡oA fyis&iqrs] djhus ls cqgkjs
vkSj ltk, x, vius ?kjksa osQ lkeus yksx ,d
iafDr esa dej esa ck¡gsa Mkydj u`R; djrs gSaA
vxys fnu os u`R; djrs gq, ?kj&?kj tkrs gSa
vkSj iwQyksa osQ ikSèks yxkrs gSaA ?kj&?kj ls pank ek¡xus dh Hkh izFkk gSA ij
pans esa ekywe gS D;k ek¡xrs gSa\ eqxkZ] pkoy vkSj feJhA fiQj pyrk gS
[kkus&ihus vkSj [ksyksa dk nkSjA rhljs fnu tkdj iwtk gksrh gS ftlosQ ckn
yksx vius dkuksa esa ljbZ dk iwQy igurs gSaA
blh fnu ls olar Írq dh 'kq#vkr ekuh tkrh gSA èkku dh Hkh iwtk gksrh
gSA iwtk fd;k gqvk vk'khokZnh èkku vxyh I+kQly esa cks;k tkrk gSA
rfeyukMq esa edj&laØkafr ;k I+kQlyksa ls tqM+k R;ksgkj
^iksaxy* osQ :i esa euk;k tkrk gSA bl fnu [kjhI+kQ dh I+kQlysa
pkoy] vjgj] elwj vkfn dVdj ?kjksa esa igq¡prh gSa vkSj yksx
u, èkku owQVdj pkoy fudkyrs gSaA gj ?kj esa feêðh dk u;k
eVdk yk;k tkrk gS ftlesa u, pkoy] nwèk vkSj xqM+ Mkydj mls idkus osQ
fy, èkwi esa j[k nsrs gSaA gYnh 'kqHk ekuh tkrh gS blfy, lkcqr gYnh dks eVosQ
osQ eq¡g osQ pkjksa vksj ck¡èk nsrs gSaA ;g eVdk fnu esa lk<+s nl&ckjg cts rd
/wi esa j[kk tkrk gSA tSls gh nwèk esa mIkQku vkrk gS vkSj nwèk&pkoy eVosQ ls
ckgj fxjus yxrk gS rks ¶iksaxyk&iksaxy] iksaxyk&iksaxy¸ (f[kpM+ h esa mIkQku vk
x;k) osQ Loj lqukbZ nsrs gSaA
nwljh vksj] xqtjkr esa iraxksa osQ fcuk rks edj&laØkafr
dk t'u vèkwjk gh ekuk tk,xkA bl fnu vkleku
dh vksj ;fn uT+kj mBk,¡ rks 'kk;n gj vkdkj
vkSj jax&:i dh iraxsa vkdk'k esa ygjkrh gbq Z
feysaA izR;sd xqtjkrh pkgs og fdlh Hkh èkeZ]
tkfr ;k vk;q dk gks] irax mM+krk gSA gT+kkjksa&yk[kksa iraxksa ls lw;Z
Hkh <¡d&lk tkrk gSA
15
 oqQekm¡Q esa edj laØkafr dks ?kq?kqfr;k Hkh dgrs gSaA bl fnu
vkVs vkSj xqM+ dks xw¡/dj idoku cuk, tkrs gSaA bu idokuksa
dks rjg&rjg osQ vkdkj fn, tkrs gSa tSls&Me:] ryokj]
nkfM+e dk iwQy vkfnA idoku dks ryus osQ ckn ,d ekyk
esa fijks;k tkrk gSA ekyk osQ chp esa larjk vkSj xUus dh xaMsjh
fijksbZ tkrh gSA ;g dke cPps cgqr #fp vkSj mRlkg osQ lkFk djrs gSaA lqcg
cPpksa dks ekyk nh tkrh gSA cgqr BaM osQ dkj.k i{kh igkM+ksa ls pys tkrs gSaA
mUgsa cqykus osQ fy, cPps bl ekyk ls idoku rksM+&rksM+dj if{k;ksa dks f[kykrs
gSa vkSj xkrs gSa&
dkSvk vkvks
?kq?kwr vkvks
ys dkSvk cM+kS
e oSQ ns tk lksus dk ?kM+kS
[kk yS iwjh
e oSQ ns tk lksus dh Nqjh
blosQ lkFk gh ftl ph”k dh dkeuk gks] og ek¡xrs gSaA
gS u fdrus vyx&vyx vankT+k edj&laØkafr dks eukus osQA dgha nwèk]
pkoy vkSj xqM+ dh [khj curh gS rks dksbZ ik¡p izdkj osQ u, vukt dh f[kpM+ h
cukrk gSA dgha&dgha yksxksa dk lSykc unh esa Luku osQ fy, meM+ iM+rk gSA
yksx BaM ls fBBqjrs jgsaxs ij cI+kQhZys ikuh esa de&ls&de ,d Mqcdh rks T+k:j
yxk,¡xsA gky ;g gksrk gS fd bu txgksa ij fry j[kus dh Hkh txg ugha gksrhA
fry ls ;kn vk;k edj laØkafr osQ fnu ikuh esa fry Mkydj Luku djuk]
fry nku djuk] vkx esa fry Mkyuk] fry osQ idoku cukuk fo'ks"k egRo
j[krk gSA rqEgkjs ?kj ;k bykosQ esa bl R;ksgkj dks oSQls euk;k
tkrk gS\ bls f[kpM+ h] iksaxy] edj&laØkafr ;k oqQN vkSj dgk
tkrk gS\ ;k rqe I+kQlyksa ls tqM+s dksbZ vkSj R;ksgkj eukrh gks\
;fn rqe vkil esa ckr djks rks rqEgsa ;g tkudj gSjkuh gksxh
fd dbZ ckj ,d gh bykosQ esa jgus okys yksx Hkh bl R;ksgkj
dks vyx&vyx <a x ls eukrs gSaA
16
ekSle dk vankt+
1. ¶f[kpM+h esa vblu tkM+k ge ifgys dCcks uk ns[kuhaA¸
;gk¡ rqe ^f[kpM+h* ls D;k eryc fudky jgh gks\
2. D;k dHkh ,slk gks ldrk gS fd lwjt fcYoqQy gh u fudys\
vxj ,slk gks rks -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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vius lkfFk;ksa osQ lkFk ckrphr djosQ fy[kksA
3. ckgj ns[kus ls le; dk vankT+k D;ksa ugha gks ik jgk Fkk\
ftuosQ ikl ?kM+ h ugha gksrh os le; dk vuqeku fdl rjg ls yxkrs gSa\
rqEgkjh t+ qcku
(d) ¶vkt bZ yksx osQ mBs osQ ubZ[ks dk\¸
([k) ¶tk Hkkx osQ ns[k osQjk osQ iÙkk vkby dh uk\¸
bu okD;ksa dks vius ?kj dh Hkk"kk esa fy[kksA
Hkkjr rsjs ja x vusd
1- fofo/rk gekjs ns'k dh igpku gSA Ik+ Qlyksa dk R;ksgkj gekjs ns'k osQ fofo/ jax&:iksa dk
,d mnkgj.k gSA uhps fofoèkrk osQ oqQN vkSj mnkgj.k fn, x, gSAa ik¡p&ik¡p cPpksa dk
lewg ,d&,d mnkgj.k ys vkSj ml ij tkudkjh bdêòh djsA (tkudkjh fp=k] I+kQksVksxkz I+kQ]
dgkuh] dfork] lwpukijd lkexzh osQ :i esa gks ldrh gSA) gj lewg bl tkudkjh dks
d{kk esa izLrqr djsA
• Hkk"kk • diM+s • u;k o"kZ
• Hkkstu • yksd dyk • yksd laxhr
2- rqEgsa dkSu&lk R;ksgkj lcls vPNk yxrk gS vkSj D;ksa\ bl fnu rqEgkjh fnup;kZ D;k
jgrh gS\
vUu osQ ckjs esa
(d) I+kQly osQ R;ksgkj ij ^fry* dk cgqr egRo gksrk gSA fry dk fdu&fdu :iksa
esa bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS\ irk djksA
([k) rqe tkurh gks fd fry ls rsy curk gS\ vkSj fdu phT+kksa ls rsy curk gS vkSj
oSQls\ gks losQ rks rsy dh nqdku esa tkdj iwNksA
17
 fdlku vkSj pht+ksa dk lI+kQj
fdlku vkSj [ksrh geesa ls cgqr ls yksxksa dh tkuh&igpkuh nqfu;k dk fgLlk ugha gSA
fo'ks"k :i ls 'kgj osQ T+;knkrj yksxksa dks ;g vglkl ugha gS fd gekjh fT+kanxh fdl
gn rd buls tqM+h gqbZ gSA ns'k osQ dbZ fgLlksa esa vkt fdlkuksa dks fT+kank jgus osQ fy,
cgrq esgur vkSj la?k"kZ djuk iM+ jgk gSA vxj ;g tkuus dh dksf'k'k djsa fd ge
fnuHkj tks phT+ksa [kkrs gSa os dgk¡ ls vkrh gSaμrks fdlkuksa dh gekjh ¯T+knxh esa Hkwfedk
dks ge le> ik,¡xsA vkyw dh idkSM+h] cIk+QhZ vkSj vkblØheμ bu rhu phT+kksa osQ ckjs
esa uhps fn, x, fcanqvksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, tkudkjh bdêòh djks vkSj ^esjh dgkuh*
osQ :i esa mls fy[kksA
• fdu phT+kksa ls curh gS\
• bu phT+kksa dk tUe dgk¡ gksrk gS\
• ge rd igq¡pus dk mudk lI+kQj D;k gS\
• fdu&fdu gkFkksa ls gksdj ge rd igq¡prh gS\
• bl iwjs lI+kQj esa fdu yksxksa dh fdruh esgur yxrh gS\
• bu yksxksa esa ls fdldks fdruk equkI+kQk feyrk gS\
vxys o"kZ d{kk Ng eas lkekftd ,oa jktuSfrd thou osQ ckjs esa i<+ksxh rks Åij
fy[ks lI+kQj esa 'kkfey yksxksa dh fnup;kZ irk djus dk ekSdk Hkh feysxkA
[kkl idoku
1- ^x;k* 'kgj fryoqQV osQ fy, Hkh izfl¼ gSA gekjs ns'k esa NksVh&cM+h ,slh dbZ txgsa gSa
tks vius [kkl idoku osQ fy, e'kgwj gSaA vius ifjokj osQ yksxksa ls irk djosQ muosQ
ckjs esa crkvksA
2- fiNys nks o"kks± esa rqeus ^dke okys 'kCnksa* osQ ckjs esa tkukA
bu 'kCnksa dks fØ;k Hkh dgrs gSa D;ksafd fØ;k dk laca/ dksbZ dke ^djus* ls gSA uhps
f[kpM+h cukus dh fofèk nh xbZ gSA blesa chp&chp esa oqQN fØ;k,¡ NwV xbZ gSaA mfpr
fØ;kvksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, bls iwjk djksA
NkSd
a uk ihluk idkuk /ksuk ijksluk Hkwuuk
caxkyh ^f[kpqjh* (5 O;fDr;ksa osQ fy,)
○ ○
lkexzh
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
ek=kk
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
vnjd
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
20 xzke
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
yglqu
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
3 iQk¡oQs
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
byk;ph osQ nkus
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
3 NksVh
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
nkyphuh
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
2½ ls-eh- dk 1 VqdM+k
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

18
 ○ ○
ikuh
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
4 I;kys
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
ewx¡ nky
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
½ I;kyk
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
ljlksa dk rsy
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
3 cM+s pEep
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
rst iÙks
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
2
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
thjk
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
½ NksVk pEep
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
I;kt+ ckjhd dVk gv
○ ○ ○ ○
q k
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
1 e¡>ksyk
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
pkoy /qys g,q
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
1 I;kyk
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
iwQy xksHkh cM+&s cM+s VqdM+ksa esa dVh gbq Z
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
200 xzke
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
vkyw Nhydj pkj&pkj VqdM+kas esa dVs gq, 2
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
eVj osQ nkus
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
½ I;kyk
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
/fu;k filk gqvk
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
1 cM+k pEep
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
yky fepZ filh gqbZ
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
½ NksVk pEep
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
phuh
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
1 NksVk pEep
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
?kh
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
2 cM+s pEep
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○
ued vkSj gYnh
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
vankt+ ls
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

fofèk
++++++++++++
byk;ph] nkyphuh vkSj ykSxa esa FkksMk+ &FkksMk+ ikuh (,d NksVk pEep) Mkyrs gq, yksA
vnjd vkSj yglqu dks bdêòk ihldj isLV cukvksA nky dks dM+kgh esa Mkyks vkSj eè;e vk¡p
++++++++++++ ++++++++++++
ij lqugjh Hkwjh gksus rd yksA vc nky fudky dj yksA rsy dks oqQdj esa
Mkydj xje djksA rsy xje gks tkus ij rstiÙks vkSj thjk MkyksA thjk tc pVdus yxs rks
I;kT+k Mky dj lqugjk Hkwjk gksus rd HkwuksA vc vnjd&yglqu dk isLV Mkydj oqQN
++++++++++++
feuV A èkqyh gqbZ nky] pkoy vkSj lCT+kh Mkyks vkSj vPNh rjg feykvksA 'ks"k ikuh
(pkj I;kys) Mkydj ,d ckj pykvksA oqQdj can djksA rsT+k vk¡p ij iw.kZ iz's kj vkus nksA vc
++++++++++++
vk¡p de djosQ pkj feuV rd A Hkki fudy tkus ij oqQdj [kksyks] elkyksa dk isLV
++++++++++++ ++++++++++++
feykvksA f[kpqjh ij ?kh] ghax] thjk] lkcqr yky fepZ ls dj xjekxjeA
Nqê ðh osQ fnu ?kj esa ,slh f[kpM+h cukus esa cM+ksa dh enn djksA
[kkus ls tqM+h oqQN vU; fØ;k,¡ Hkh lkspksA

19
3 f[kykSusokyk og ns[kks ek¡ vkt
f[kykSusokyk fiQj ls vk;k gSA
dbZ rjg osQ lqanj&lqanj
u, f[kykSus yk;k gSA
gjk&gjk rksrk ¯itM+ s esa
xsan ,d iSls okyh
NksVh&lh eksVj xkM+ h gS
lj&lj&lj pyus okyhA
lhVh Hkh gS dbZ rjg dh
dbZ rjg osQ lqanj [ksy
pkHkh Hkj nsus ls Hkd&Hkd
djrh pyus okyh jsyA
xqfM+;k Hkh gS cgqr Hkyh&lh
ifgus dkuksa esa ckyh
NksVk&lk ^Vh lsV* gS
NksVs&NksVs gSa yksVk&FkkyhA
NksVs&NksVs èkuq"k&ck.k gSa
gSa NksVh&NksVh ryokj
u, f[kykSus ys yks HkS;k
t+ksj t+ksj og jgk iqdkjA
eqUuw us xqfM+ ;k ys yh gS
eksgu us eksVj xkM+ h
epy&epy ljyk dgrh gS
ek¡ ls ysus dks lkM+ h
dHkh f[kykSusokyk Hkh ek¡
D;k lkM+ h ys vkrk gSA
lkM+ h rks og diM+ s okyk
dHkh&dHkh ns tkrk gS
vEek rqeus rks ykdj osQ
20
eq>s ns fn, iSls pkj
dkSu f[kykSuk ysrk gw¡ eSa
rqe Hkh eu esa djks fopkjA
rqe lkspksxh eSa ys yw¡xkA
rksrk] fcYyh] eksVj] jsy
ij ek¡] ;g eSa dHkh u yw¡xk
;s rks gSa cPpksa osQ [ksyA
eSa ryokj [kjhnw¡xk ek¡
;k eSa yw¡xk rhj&deku
taxy esa tk] fdlh rkM+ dk
dks ek:¡xk jke lekuA
rilh ;K djsaxs] vlqjksa—
dks eSa ekj Hkxkm¡Qxk
;ksa gh oqQN fnu djrs&djrs
jkepanz cu tkm¡QxkA
;gha jgw¡xk dkS'kY;k eSa
rqedks ;gha cukm¡QxkA
rqe dg nksxh ou tkus dks
g¡lrs&g¡lrs tkm¡QxkA
ij ek¡] fcuk rqEgkjs ou esa
eSa oSQls jg ikm¡QxkA
fnu Hkj ?kwew¡xk taxy esa
ykSV dgk¡ ij vkm¡QxkA
fdlls yw¡xk iSls] :Bw¡xk
rks dkSu euk ysxk
dkSu I;kj ls fcBk xksn esa
eupkgh ph”ksa nsxkA
lqHkæk oqQekjh pkSgku

21
dfork vkSj rqe
1- rqEgsa fdlh&u&fdlh ckr ij :Bus osQ ekSosQ rks feyrs gh gksaxs—
(d) vDlj rqe fdl rjg dh ckrksa ij :Brh gks\
([k) ek¡ osQ vykok ?kj esa vkSj dkSu&dkSu gSa tks rqEgsa eukrs gSa\
2- ge ,sls dbZ R;ksgkj eukrs gSa tks cqjkbZ ij vPNkbZ dh thr ij cy nsrs gSaA ,sls R;ksgkjksa
osQ ckjs esa vkSj muls tqM+h dgkfu;ksa osQ ckjs esa irk djosQ d{kk esa lqukvksA
3- rqeus jkeyhyk osQ ”kfj, ;k fiQj fdlh dgkuh osQ ”kfj, jkepanz osQ ckjs esa tkuk&le>k
gksxkA rqEgsa mudh dkSu&lh ckrsa vPNh yxha\
4- uhps fn, x, Hkko dfork dh ftu iafDr;ksa esa vk, gSa] mUgsa Nk¡Vksμ
(d) f[kykSusokyk lkM+ h ugha csprk gSA
([k) f[kykSusokyk cPpksa dks f[kykSus ysus osQ fy, vkok”ksa yxk jgk gSA
(x) eq>s dkSu&lk f[kykSuk ysuk pkfg, μ mlesa ek¡ dh lykg pkfg,A
(?k) ek¡ osQ fcuk dkSu euk,xk vkSj dkSu xksn esa fcBk,xkA
5- ^ew¡xiQyh ys yks ew¡xiQyh!
xje djkjh Vkbe ikl ew¡xiQyh!*
rqeus IksQjhokyksa dks ,slh vkokT+ksa yxkrs T+k:j lquk gksxkA rqEgkjs xyh&eksgYys esa ,sls
dkSu&ls IksQjhokys vkrs gSa vkSj os fdl <ax ls vkok”k yxkrs gSa\ mudk vfHku; djosQ
fn[kkvksA os D;k cksyrs gSa] mldk Hkh ,d laxzg rS;kj djksA
[ksy&f[kykSus
1- (d) rqe ;gk¡ fy[ks f[kykSuksa esa ls fdls ysuk ilan djksxhA D;ksa\

xsna gokbZ tgkt+ eksVjxkM+ h

jsyxkM+ h fiQjdh xqfM+ ;k
crZu lsV èkuq"k&ck.k cYyk ;k oqQN vkSj

([k) rqe vius lkfFk;ksa osQ lkFk dkSu&dkSu ls [ksy [ksyrh gks\

22
2- f[kykSusokyk 'kCn laKk esa ^okyk* tksM+us ls cuk gSA uhps fy[ks okD;ksa esa js[kkafdr
fgLlksa dks è;ku ls ns[kks vkSj laKk] fØ;k vkfn igpkuksA
• ikuokys dh nqdku vkt can gSA
• esjh fnYyhokyh ekSlh cl oaQMDVj gSaA
• egewn ik¡p cts okyh cl ls vk,xkA
• uanw dks cksyus okyh xqfM+ ;k pkfg,A
• nk<+hokyk vkneh dgk¡ gS\
• bl lkeku dks Åij okys dejs esa j[k nksA
• eSa jkr okyh xkM+ h ls tEew tkm¡QxhA

rqEgkjh jkeyhyk
• D;k rqeus jkeyhyk ns[kh gS\ jkeyhyk dh fdlh
,d y?kq&dgkuh dks pqudj d{kk esa viuh
jkeyhyk izLrqr djksA
dfork esa dFkk
bl dfork esa rhu ukeμ
jke] dkS'kY;k vkSj rkM+dk vk, gSaA
(d) ;s rhuksa uke fdl izfl¼ dFkk osQ ik=k gSa\
([k) ;gha jgw¡xk dkS'kY;k eSa rqedks ;gha cukÅ¡xkA
bu iafDr;ksa dk dFkk ls D;k laca/ gS\
(x) bl dFkk osQ oqQN lanHkks± dh ckr dfork
esa gqbZ gSA vius vkl&ikl iwNdj budk
irk yxkvksA
• rilh ;K djsaxs] vlqjksa dks eSa ekj Hkxkm¡QxkA
• rqe dg nksxh ou tkus dks g¡lrs&g¡lrs tkm¡QxkA

23
 * bZnxkg

jet+ku ds iwjs rhl jkst+ksa

ds ckn bZn vkbZ gSA xk¡o
es a fdruh gypy gS A
bZnxkg tkus dh rS;kfj;k¡
gks jgh gSaA fdlh ds dqrsZ
esa cVu ugha gS] iM+ksl ds
?kj ls lqbZ&rkxk ysus
nkSM+k tk jgk gSA fdlh ds
twrs dM+ s gks x, gSa] muesa
rsy Mkyus ds fy, rsyh
ds ?kj Hkkxk tkrk gSA
tYnh&tYnh cS y ks a dks
lkuh&ikuh ns nsaA bZnxkg
ls ykSVrs&ykSVrs nksigj
gks tk,xhA yM+ds lcls
T+ ;knk izlé gSaA fdlh us ,d jkst+k j[kk gS] og Hkh nksigj rd] fdlh us og Hkh
ugha] ysfdu bZnxkg tkus dh [kq'kh muds fgLls dh pht+ gSA jkst+s cM+ s&cw<+ksa ds fy,
gksaxsA buds fy, rks bZn gSA jkst+ bZn dk uke jVrs Fks] vkt og vk xbZA vc tYnh iM+h
gS fd yksx bZnxkg D;ksa ugha pyrsA ckj&ckj tsc ls viuk [kt+kuk fudky dj
fxurs gSa vkSj [kq'k gksdj fQj j[k ysrs gSaA egewn fxurk gS] ,d&nks] nl&ckjg!
mlds ikl ckjg iSls gSaA eksgflu ds ikl ,d] nks] rhu] vkB] ukS] ianzg iSls gSaA bUgha
vufxur iSlksa esa vufxur pht+sa yk,¡x— s f[kykSus] feBkb;k¡] fcxqy] xsan vkSj tkus
D;k&D;k! vkSj lcls T+;knk izlé gS gkfenA gkfen viuh cw<+h nknh vehuk dh xksn
esa lksrk gSA gkfen ds ik¡o esa twrs ugha gSa] flj ij ,d iqjkuh&/kqjkuh Vksih gS]
ftldk xksVk dkyk iM+ x;k gSA
xk¡o ls esyk pykA vkSj cPpksa ds lkFk gkfen Hkh tk jgk FkkA dHkh
lc&ds &lc nkSM+ dj vkxs fudy tkrsA fQj fdlh isM+ ds uhps [kM+s gksdj
24
lkFkokyksa dk bart+ kj djrsA ;g yksx D;ksa bruk /khjs&/khjs py jgs gSa! gkfen ds
iSjksa esa rks tSls ij yx x, gSaA

'kgj vk x;kA cM+ h&cM+ h bekjrsa vkus yxha] ;g vnkyr gS] ;g dkWyst gS] ;g
Dyc&?kj gSA brus cM+s dkWyst esa fdrus yM+ds i<+rs gksaxs\ lc yM+ds ugha gSa th!
cM+s&cM+s vkneh gSa] lp! mudh cM+h&cM+ h ew¡Ns gSaA brus cM+s gks x,] vHkh rd i<+us
tkrs gSaA u tkus dc rd i<+ saxs vkSj D;k djsaxs bruk i<+djA gkfen ds enjls esa
nks&rhu cM+s&cM+s yM+ds gSa] fcYdq y rhu dkSM+h ds ! jkst ekj [kkrs gSa] dke ls th
pqjkusokysA bl txg Hkh mlh rjg ds yksx gksaxs vkSj D;kA

lglk bZnxkg ut+j vk;kA uekt+ [kRe gks xbZ gSA yksx vkil esa xys fey jgs gSaA
rc feBkbZ vkSj f[kykSus dh nqdku ij /kkok gksrk gSA xzkeh.kksa dk ;g ny bl fo"k;
esa ckydksa ls de mRlkgh ugha gSaA ;g ns[kks] fgaMksyk gSA ,d iSlk nsdj p<+ tkvksA
dHkh vkleku ij tkrs gq, ekywe gksaxs] dHkh t+ehu ij fxjrs gq,A ;g p[khZ gS]
ydM+h ds gkFkh] ?kksM+s] Å¡ V NM+ksa ls yVds gq, gSaA ,d iSlk nsdj cSB tkvks vkSj
iPphl pDdjksa dk et+k yksA egewn vkSj eksgflu vkSj uwjs vkSj lEeh bu ?kksM+ksa
vkSj Å¡Vksa ij cSBrs gSaA gkfen nwj [kM+k gSA rhu gh iSls rks mlds ikl gSaA vius dks"k
dk ,d frgkbZ t+jk&lk pDdj [kkus ds fy, ugha ns ldrkA

lc pf[kZ;ksa ls mrjrs gSaA vc f[kykSus ysaxsA b/kj nqdkuksa dh drkj yxh gqbZ gSA
rjg&rjg ds f[kykSus gSa—flikgh vkSj xqtfj;k] jktk vkSj odhy] fHk'rh vkSj
èkksfcu vkSj lk/kw okg! fdrus lqanj f[kykSus gSaA vc cksyuk gh pkgrs gSaA egewn
flikgh ysrk gS] [kkdh onhZ vkSj yky ixM+hokyk] da/ks ij canwd j[ks gq,A ekywe
gksrk gS] vHkh dok;n fd, pyk vk jgk gSA eksgflu dks fHk'rh ilan vk;kA dej
>qdh gS] Åij e'kd j[ks gq, gSA e'kd dk eq¡g ,d gkFk ls idM+s gq, gSA cl]
e'kd ls ikuh mM+syuk gh pkgrk
gSA uwjs dks odhy ls izse gSA dSlh
fo}rk gS mlds eq[k ij! dkyk
pksxk] uhps lQ+sn vpdu] vpdu
ds lkeus dh tsc esa ?kM+h] lqugjh
t+athj] ,d gkFk esa dkuwu dk
iksFkk fy, gq,A ekywe gksrk gS] vHkh
25
fdlh vnkyr ls ftjg ;k cgl fd, pys vk jgs gSaA ;g lc nks&nks iSls ds f[kykSus
gSaA gkfen ds ikl dqy rhu iSls gSa] brus eg¡xs f[kykSus og dSls ys\ f[kykSuk dgha
gkFk ls NwV iM+s rks pwj&pwj gks tk,A t+jk ikuh iM+s rks lkjk jax /kqy tk,A ,sls
f[kykSus ysdj og D;k djsxkA ysfdu yypkbZ gqbZ vk¡[kksa ls f[kykSuksa dks ns[k jgk
gS vkSj pkgrk gS fd t+jk nsj ds fy, mUgsa gkFk esa ys ldrkA

f[kykSus ds ckn feBkb;k¡ vkrh gSaA fdlh us jsofM+;k¡ yh gSa] fdlh us xqykctkequ]
fdlh us lksgu gyok] lHkh et+s ls [kk jgs gSaA

feBkb;ksa ds ckn dqN nqdkusa yksgs dh pht+ksa dh gSaA dqN fxyV vkSj dqN udyh
xguksa dhA yM+dksa ds fy, ;gk¡ dksbZ vkd"kZ.k ugha FkkA os lc vkxs c<+ tkrs gSaA
gkfen yksgs dh nqdku ij #d tkrk gSA dbZ fpeVs j[ks gq, FksA mls [;ky vk;k]
nknh ds ikl fpeVk ugha gSA ros ls jksfV;k¡ mrkjrh gSa] rks gkFk ty tkrk gSA vxj og
fpeVk ys tkdj nknh dks ns ns] rks og fdruh izlé gksaxhA fQj mudh m¡xfy;k¡
dHkh u tyasxhA ?kj esa ,d dke dh pht+ gks tk,xhA f[kykSus ls D;k Qk;nk\

gkfen ds lkFkh vkxs c<+ x, gSaA lchy ij lc&ds&lc 'kcZr ih jgs gSaA ns[kks]
lc fdrus ykyph gSaA bruh feBkb;k¡ yha] eq>s fdlh us ,d Hkh u nhA ml ij dgrs
gSa] esjs lkFk [ksyksA esjk ;g dke djksA vc vxj fdlh us dksbZ dke djus dks
dgk] rks iwNw¡xkA [kk,¡ feBkb;k¡] vki eq¡g lM+sxk] QksM+s&Qaq fl;k¡ fudysaxh] vki dh
t+cku pVksjh gks tk,xhA lc&ds&lc g¡lsaxs fd gkfen us fpeVk fy;k gSA g¡lsa! esjh
cyk ls! mlus nqdkunkj ls iwNk— ;g fpeVk fdrus dk gS\

nqdkunkj us mldh vksj ns[kk vkSj dksbZ vkneh lkFk u ns[kdj dgk— ;g
rqEgkjs dke dk ugha gS th!

26
 ^^fcdkÅ gS fd ugha \**
^^fcdkÅ D;ksa ugha gS\ vkSj ;gk¡ D;ksa ykn yk, gSa\**
^^rks crkrs D;ksa ugha] dS iSls dk gS\**
^^Ng iSls yxsx
a As **
gkfen dk fny cSB x;kA
^^Bhd&Bhd crkvksA**
^^Bhd&Bhd ik¡p iSls yxsaxs] ysuk gks yks] ugha pyrs cuksA**
gkfen us dystk etcwr djds dgk— rhu iSls yksxs \
;g dgrk gqvk og vkxs c<+ x;k fd nqdkunkj dh ?kqM+fd;k¡ u lqusA ysfdu
nqdkunkj us ?kqM+fd;k¡ ugha nhA cqykdj fpeVk ns fn;kA gkfen us mls bl rjg da/ks
ij j[kk] ekuks canwd gS vkSj 'kku ls vdM+rk gqvk lafx;ksa ds ikl vk;kA t+jk lqusa]
lc&ds&lc D;k&D;k vkykspuk,¡ djrs gSaA
eksgflu us ga¡ldj dgk — ;g fpeVk D;ksa yk;k ixys ] blls D;k djsxk\
gkfen us fpeVs dks t+ehu ij iVddj dgk — t+jk viuk fHk'rh t+ehu ij
fxjk nksA lkjh ilfy;k¡ pwj&pwj gks tk,¡ cPpw dhA
egewn cksyk — rks ;g fpeVk dksbZ f[kykSuk gS\
gkfen — f[kykSuk D;ksa ugha gSA vHkh da/ks ij j[kk] canwd gks xbZA gkFk esa fy;k]
Q+dhjksa dk fpeVk gks x;kA pkg¡w rks blls eathjs dk dke ys ldrk gw¡A ,d fpeVk
tek nw¡] rks rqe yksxksa ds lkjs f[kykSuksa dh tku fudy tk,A rqEgkjs f[kykSus fdruk
gh t+ksj yxk,¡] esjs fpeVs dk cky Hkh ck¡dk ugha dj ldrsA esjk cgknqj 'ksj gS—
fpeVkA
lEeh us [katjh yh FkhA izHkkfor gksdj cksyk—esjh [k¡tjh ls cnyksxs] nks vkus
dh gSA
gkfen us [k¡tjh dh vksj mis{kk ls ns[kk—esjk fpeVk pkgs rks rqEgkjh [k¡tjh
dk isV QkM+ MkysA cl] ,d peM+s dh f>Yyh yxk nh] <c&<c cksyus yxhA t+jk&lk
ikuh yx tk, rks [kre gks tk,A esjk cgknqj fpeVk vkx esa] ikuh esa] vk¡èkh esa]
rwQ+ku esa cjkcj MVk [kM+k jgsxkA
27
 fpeVs us lHkh dks eksfgr dj fy;k] ysfdu vc iSls fdlds ikl /kjs gSaA fQj esys
ls nwj fudy vk, gSa] ukS dc ds ct x,] /wki rsT+k gks jgh gSA ?kj igq¡pus dh tYnh gks
jgh gSaA cki ls fT+kn Hkh djsa] rks fpeVk ugha fey ldrk gSA gkfen gS cM+k pkykdA
blhfy, cnek'k us vius iSls cpk j[ks FksA
vc ckydksa ds nks ny gks x, gSaA ,d vksj feêðh gS] nwljh vksj yksgkA vxj dksbZ
'ksj vk tk,] fe;k¡ fHk'rh ds NDds NwV tk,] fe;k¡ flikgh feêðh dh canwd NksM+dj
Hkkxs] odhy lkgc dh ukuh ej tk,] pksxs esa eq¡g fNikdj tehu ij ysV tk,A
exj ;g fpeVk] ;g cgknwj] ;g #Lresa & fgan yiddj 'ksj dh xnZu ij lokj
gks tk,xkA vkSj mldh vk¡[ksa fudky ysxkA
eksgflu us ,M+ h&pksVh dk t+ksj yxkdj dgkμvPNk] ikuh rks ugha Hkj ldrkA
gkfen us fpeVs dks lh/kk [kM+k djds dgkμfHk'rh dks ,d Mk¡V crk,xk] rks
nkSM+k gqvk ikuh ykdj }kj ij fNM+dus yxsxkA
eksgflu ijkLr gks x;k( ij egewn us dqeqd ig¡qpkbZμvxj cPpw idM+s tk,¡] rks
vnkyr esa c¡/ks&c¡/ks fQjsaxsA rc odhy lkgc ds gh iSjksa iM+saxsA
gkfen bl izcy rdZ dk tokc u ns ldkA mlus iwNkμgesa idM+us dkSu vk,xk\
uwjs us vdM+ dj dgkμ;g flikgh canwdokykA
gkfen us eq¡g fp<+ kdj dgkμ;g cspkjs ge cgknqj #Lresμfgan dks idM+saxs!
vPNk ykvks] vHkh t+jk dq'rh gks tk,A bldh lwjr ns[kdj nwj ls HkkxsaxsA idM+ saxs
D;k cspkjs!
eksgflu dks ,d ubZ pksV lw> xbZμrqEgkjs fpeVs dk eq¡g jksT+k vkx esa tysxkA
mlus le>k Fkk fd gkfen yktokc gks tk,xk( ysfdu ;g ckr u gqbZA gkfen us
rqjar tokc fn;k&vkx esa cgknqj gh dwnrs gSa tukcA vkx esa dwnuk og dke gS] tks
#Lres fgan gh dj ldrk gSA
egewn us ,d t+ksj yxk;k μ odhy lkgc dqlhZ&est ij cSBsaxs] rqEgkjk fpeVk
rks ckojph[kkus esa t+ehu ij iM+k jgsxkA

28
 bl rdZ us lEeh vkSj uwjs dks Hkh ltho dj fn;k! fdrus fBdkus dh ckr dgh
gS iës usA fpeVk ckojph[kkus esa iM+ s jgus ds flok vkSj D;k dj ldrk gS\
gkfen dks dksbZ QM+ drk gqvk tokc u lw>k] rks mlus /kk¡/kyh 'kq: dhμesjk
fpeVk ckojph[kkus esa ugha jgsxkA odhy lkgc dqlhZ ij cSBsaxs] rks tkdj mUgsa
tehu ij iVd nsxk vkSj mudk dkuwu muds isV esa Mky nsxkA
dkuwu dks isV esa Mkyus okyh ckr Nk xbZA ,slh Nk xbZ fd rhuksa 'kwjek eq¡g
rkdrs jg x,A gkfen us eSnku ekj fy;kA mldk fpeVk #Lres fgan gSA vc blesa
eksgflu] egewn] uwjs] lEeh fdlh dks Hkh vkifÙk ugha gks ldrhA vkSjksa us rhu&rhu]
pkj&pkj vkus iSls [kpZ fd,] ij dksbZ dke dh pht+ u ys ldsA gkfen us rhu iSls
esa jax tek fy;kA lp gh rks gS] f[kykSuksa dk D;k Hkjkslk\ VwV QwV tk,¡xsA gkfen
dk fpeVk rks cuk jgsxk cjlks!
laf/k dh 'krs± r; gksus yxhaA eksgflu us dgk — T+kjk viuk fpeVk nks] ge Hkh
ns[ksa] rqe gekjk fHk'rh ysdj ns[kks A
egewn vkSj uwjs us Hkh vius&vius f[kykSus is'k fd,A
gkfen dks bu 'krks± ds ekuus esa dksbZ vkifÙk u FkhA fpeVk ckjh&ckjh ls lcds
gkFk esa x;k] vkSj muds f[kykSus ckjh&ckjh ls gkfen ds gkFk esa vk,A fdrus [kwclwjr
f[kykSus gSa!

29
 gkfen us gkjusokyksa ds vk¡lw iksaNs — eSa rqEgsa fp<+ k jgk Fkk] lp! ;g fpeVk Hkyk
bu f[kykSuksa dh D;k cjkcjh djsxk\ ekywe gksrk gS] vc cksys] rc cksysA
eksgflu — ysfdu bu f[kykSuksa ds fy, dksbZ gesa nqvk rks u nsxkA
egewn — nqvk dks fy, fQjrs gksA myVs ekj u iM+ sA vEek¡ t+:j dgsaxh fd esys esa
;gh feêh ds f[kykSus feys\
gkfen dks Lohdkj djuk iM+ k fd f[kykSus dks ns[kdj fdlh dh ek¡ bruh
[kq'k u gksxh] ftruh nknh fpeVs dks ns[kdj gksaxhA fQj vc rks fpeVk #Lres&fgan
gS vkSj lHkh f[kykSuksa dk ckn'kkg!
jkLrs esa egewn dks Hkw[k yxhA mlds cki us dsys [kkus dks fn,A egewn us
dsoy gkfen dks lk>h cuk;kA mlds vU; fe= eq¡g rkdrs jg x,A ;g ml fpeVs
dk izlkn FkkA
X;kjg cts lkjs xk¡o eas gypy ep xbZA esysokys vk x,A eksgflu dh NksVh cgu
us nkSM+dj fHk'rh mlds gkFk ls Nhu fy;k vkSj ekjs [kq'kh ds tks mNyh] rks fe;k¡
fHk'rh uhps vk jgs vkSj ijyksd fl/kkjsA bl ij HkkbZ&cgu esa ekj&ihV gqbZA nksuksa
[kwc jks,A mudh vEek ;g 'kksj lqudj fcxM+h vkSj nksuksa dks Åij ls nks&nks pk¡Vs
vkSj yxk,A
fe;k¡ uwjs ds odhy dk var blls T+;knk xkSjoe; gqvkA odhy t+ehu ij ;k
rkd ij rks ugha cSB ldrkA nhokj eas nks [wkfV;k¡ xkM+ h xb±A mu ij ydM+ h dk ,d
iVjk j[kk x;kA iVjs ij dkxt+ dk dkyhu fcNk;k x;kA odhy lkgc jktk
Hkkst dh Hkk¡fr flagklu ij fojktsA uwjs us mUgsa ia[kk >yuk 'kq: fd;kA ekywe ugha]
ia[ks dh gok ls ;k ia[ks dh pksV ls odhy lkgc dk pksyk ekVh esa fey x;kA fQj
cM+s t+ksj&'kksj ls ekre gqvk vkSj odhy lkgc dh vfLFk ?kwjs ij Mky nh xbZA
vc jgk egewn dk flikghA mls pViV xk¡o dk igjk nsus dk pktZ fey x;kA
ysfdu iqfyl dk flikgh ikydh ij pysxkA ,d Vksdjh vkbZ] mlesa dqN yky jax
ds QVs&iqjkus fpFkM+ s fcNk, x,] ftlesa flikgh lkgc vkjke ls ysVsA uwjs us ;g
Vksdjh mBkbZ vkSj vius }kj dk pDdj yxkus yxsA muds nksuksa NksVs HkkbZ flikgh
dh rjg ^Nksusokys] tkxrs ygks* iqdkjrs pyrs gSaA egewn dks Bksdj yx tkrh gSA
Vksdjh mlds gkFk ls NwVdj fxj iM+rh gS vkSj fe;k¡ flikgh viuh canwd fy,
30
T+kehu ij vk tkrs gSa vkSj mudh ,d Vk¡x esa fodkj vk tkrk gSA egewn dks vkt
Kkr gqvk fd og vPNk MkDVj gSA mldks ,slk ejge fey x;k gS] ftlls og VwVh
Vk¡x dks vkuu&Qkuu esa tksM+ ldrk gSA Vk¡x tksM+ nh tkrh gS( ysfdu flikgh dks
T;ksa gh [kM+k fd;k tkrk gS] Vk¡x tokc ns nsrh gSA 'kY;&fØ;k vlQy gqbZ] rc
mldh nwljh Vk¡x Hkh rksM+ nh tkrh gSA vc de&ls&de ,d txg vkjke ls cSB rks
ldrk gSA
vc fe;k¡ gkfen dk gky lqfu,A vehuk mldh vkokt+
lqurs gh nkSM+h vkSj mls xksn esa mBkdj I;kj djus yxhA
lglk mlds gkFk esa fpeVk ns[kdj og pkSadhA
^^;g fpeVk dgk¡ Fkk\**
^^eSaus eksy fy;k gSA**
^^fdrus iSls esa \**
^^rhu iSls fn,A**
vehuk us Nkrh ihV yhA ;g dSlk csle> yM+dk gS fd nksigj gqvk] dqN [kk;k
u fi;kA yk;k D;k] ;g fpeVk!
^^lkjs esys esa rq>s vkSj dksbZ pht+ u feyh] tks ;g yksgs dk fpeVk mBk yk;k \**
gkfen us dgk μ rqEgkjh m¡xfy;k¡ ros ls ty tkrh Fkha] blfy, eSaus bls ys fy;kA
cqf<+;k dk Øks/k rqjar Lusg esa cny x;kA cPps esa fdruk R;kx] fdruk ln~Hkko
vkSj fdruk foosd gS! nwljksa dks f[kykSus ysrs vkSj feBkbZ [kkrs ns[kdj bldk eu
fdruk yypk;k gksxk\ ogk¡ Hkh bls viuh cqf<+ ;k nknh dh ;kn cuh jghA vehuk
dk eu xn~xn gks x;kA
og jksus yxhA nkeu QSykdj gkfen dks nqvk,¡ nsrh tkrh Fkh vkSj vk¡lw dh
cM+ h&cM+ h cw¡nsa fxjkrh tkrh FkhA

izsepan

31
* gokbZ Nrjh

lkeku
,d #eky] /kkxs ds pkj VqdM+s vkSj ,d
iRFkjA

cukus dk rjhdk
leku yackbZ ds /kkxs ds pkjksa VqdM+ksa dks
#eky ds pkjksa dksuksa ls ck¡/kksA #eky ds
pkjksa dksuksa dks chp rd eksM+ksA pkjksa /kkxksa
ls iRFkj ck¡/kus ds igys ;g fuf'pr dj
yks fd mudh yackbZ ,d leku gksA vc bls
vkdk'k dh vksj T+kksj ls mNkyks vkSj blds
èkhes&èkhes rSjrs gq, uhps vkus dk eT+kk yksA

djks
#eky dh txg IykfLVd dh 'khV ls
gokbZ Nrjh cukdj ns[kksA

tkuks
D;k ;g iSjk'kwV paæek ij] tgk¡ fcydqy
gok ugha gksrh] dke djsxk\
vxj #eky ds chp ,d Nsn gks rks D;k
;g iSjk'kwV dke djsxk\

us'kuy cqd VªLV bafM;k] u;h fnYyh }kjk izdkf'kr iqLrd lqanj lyksus
Hkkjrh; f[kykSus (ys[kd&lqn'kZu [kUuk] vuqokn&vjfoan xqIrk) ls lkHkkj

32
4 uUgk i+Qudkj
og yM+ dk ,d pkSdksj yky iRFkj osQ ikl cSB x;kA mlus tYnh&tYnh dksbZ
izkFkZuk cqncqnkbZ vkSj Nsuh&gFkkSM+k mBkdj vius dke esa tqV x;kA
oqQN fnu igys gh mlus bl iRFkj ij ?kafV;ksa dh drkjsa vkSj dfM+ ;k¡ mosQjuk
'kq: fd;k FkkA yM+ osQ us ,d vèkcuh vèkwjh ?kaVh ij Nsuh dh uksd fVdkbZ
vkSj lkoèkkuhiwoZd gFkkSM+s ls ?kaVh ij uDdk'kh djus esa tqV x;kA
gFkkSM+s osQ okj ls iRFkj ij tks dVko mHkjrk mlls iRFkj dh fdjpsa fNrjk
tkrha vkSj og vk¡[ksa fldksM+ ysrkA lkFk&lkFk èkheh vkokT+k esa og oqQN xquxqukus
Hkh yxrkA mlosQ pkjksa vksj nwljs laxrjk'k Hkh vius&vius dke esa Mwcs gq, FksA
osQ'ko nl lky dk Fkk vkSj vHkh viuk dke lh[k gh jgk FkkA firk osQ
,d ckj djosQ fn[kk nsus ij og lhèkh ydhjksa okys vkSj ?kqekonkj fMT+kkbu
mosQj ldrk FkkA vc rd mlus uDdk'kh dk tks Hkh dke fd;k Fkk muesa ls
bu ?kafV;ksa dks cukuk gh lcls ”;knk eqf'dy FkkA osQ'ko tkurk Fkk fd ,d
fnu rks ,slk T+k:j vk,xk tc og cgqr ckjhd tkfy;k¡] eghu&uI+kQhl
csy&cwVs] dey osQ iwQy] ygjkrs gq, lk¡i vkSj bBykdj pyrs gq,
?kksM+sμ;s lc iRFkj ij mosQj ik,xk--- Bhd mlh
rjg tSls mlosQ firk cukrs gSaA
dbZ lky igys] tc og iSnk Hkh ugha
gv
q k Fkk] mlosQ ekrk&firk xqtjkr ls vkxjk
vkdj cl x, FksA ckn'kkg
vdcj ml oDr vkxjs dk
fdyk cuok jgs Fks vkSj osQ'ko
os Q firk dks ;gha
dke fey x;kA
osQ'ko dk tUe Hkh

33
33
 vkxjs esa gh gqvk FkkA mls xqtjkr
osQ iq'rSuh xk¡o tkus dk rks dHkh
ekSdk gh ugha feykA vkxjs dh
xfy;k¡ vkSj vc lhdjh μ cl
;gh mldk ?kj FkhaA
pkjksa vksj gks jgh Nsuh&gFkkSM+ksa
dh Bd&Bd] [kM+ &[kM+ osQ chp
osQ'ko dks fdlh osQ dneksa dh
vkgV Hkh u lqukbZ iM+ hA blfy,
vpkud dkuksa esa ,d vkokT+k iM+ us
ij og pkSad x;k ¶ek'kk vYykg! ;s ?kafV;k¡ fdruh lqanj gSaA rqeus [kqn
cukbZ gSa\¸
ihNs eqM+dj osQ'ko us vk¡[ksa mBkb± rks mls ,d vkneh fn[kkA
¶cs'kd] eSaus gh ;s ?kafV;k¡ cukbZ gSaA D;k eSa vkidks iRFkjksa ij uDdk'kh djrk
uT+kj ugha vk jgk\ ns[krs ugha] eSa gh iRFkj dks rjk'k jgk gw¡A¸ osQ'ko us cM+ h
rY[kh ls tokc fn;kA
¶fn[krk rks gSA ij rqe brus NksVs yxrs gks u---¸ og vkneh g¡lrs gq, cksykA
¶eSa nl lky dk gw¡!¸
¶nl! vPNk]¸ og vkneh ikl iM+ s iRFkj ij cSBrs gq, cksyk] ¶rc rks
dkI+kQh cM+ s gksA eSaus Hkh rsjg lky dh mez esa ,d yM+ kbZ esa fgLlk fy;k FkkA¸
vc osQ'ko ml vkneh dks vPNh rjg ns[k ik jgk FkkA mldh mez jgh
gksxh rhl ls mQij] dn e¡>ksyk FkkA og lI+ksQn v¡xj[kk vkSj iktkek igus gq,
FkkA mlosQ yacs cky xgjs yky jax dh ixM+ h esa vPNh rjg ls <osQ gq, FksA
¶yxrk gS dksbZ cgqr cM+ k vkneh gS]¸ osQ'ko us ml vkneh osQ xys esa iM+ h
cM+ s&cM+ s eksfr;ksa dh ekyk vkSj m¡xfy;ksa dh v¡xwfB;ksa dks ns[krs g,q lkspkA
rh[kh ukd] cM+ h&cM+ h vk¡[ksa] gksaBks dks <drs gq, uhps dh rjI+kQ vkrh ?kuh ew¡NsaA
osQ'ko ml vkneh osQ O;fDrRo dk eqvk;uk dj gh jgk Fkk fd rHkh ml
vkneh us ,d uDdk'kh dh rjI+kQ b'kkjk djrs gq, dgk] ¶bl yM+ h esa vHkh
dkI+kQh dke ckdh gSA¸ blls igys fd osQ'ko dksbZ tokc nsrk] mlus fdlh
34
osQ rsT+kh ls nkSM+dj vkus dh vkokT+k lquhA ;g vkSj dksbZ ugha] egy dk igjsnkj
FkkA ¶gq”kwj! ekI+kQ djsaA eq>s vkiosQ vkus dk irk gh ugha pykA¸ gk¡iQrs gq,
mlus dgkA fiQj og eqM+dj HkkSapd ls [kM+ s osQ'ko dks ?kwjrs gq, cksyk]
¶csoowQI+kQ] [kM+ k gks! gq”kwjs vkyk osQ lkeus cSBus dh TkqjZr oSQls dh rwus] >qddj
lyke dj bUgsaA¸
vc osQ'ko dk ekFkk BudkA mls oqQN&oqQN le> vk jgk FkkA cngoklh
esa Nsuh gkFk ls NwVdj uhps fxjh vkSj og tYnh ls mBdj [kM+ k gks x;kA vjs
dgha ;s ckn'kkg vdcj rks ugha! ;g [+k;ky vkrs gh mlus >qddj lyke
fd;k vkSj [kjxks'k dh&lh dkrj u”kjksa ls vdcj dks ns[kus yxkA
vdcj dks igjsnkj dh ;g n[kyank”kh Hkyh u yxhA
mUgksaus [kh>dj igjsnkj dks ogk¡ ls tkus dk b'kkjk djrs gq, dgk] ¶Bhd
gS flikgh! oqQN nsj osQ fy, gesa vosQyk NksM+ nksA¸
igjsnkj rks pyk x;k exj osQ'ko vleatl esa
Fkk fd mls D;k djuk pkfg,A okfil viuk
uDdk'kh dk dke 'kq: djs ;k ckn'kkg osQ gqDe
osQ barT+kkj esa [kM+ k jgsA fny rks mldk vHkh Hkh
èkd&èkd dj jgk FkkA gk¡] ij vc og Mjk gqvk
ugha Fkk D;ksafd vdcj I;kj ls mls ns[krs gq,
eqLdjk jgs FksA

35
 ¶rqEgkjk uke D;k gS\¸ vdcj us uje vkokTk+ esa iwNkA
¶osQ'ko]¸ mlus uik&rqyk tokc fn;kA
¶osQ'ko] D;k rqe eq>s uDdk'kh djuk fl[kkvksxs\¸
my>u esa iM+ s osQ'ko us rqjar flj fgyk fn;kA
¶rc rks rqEgsa esjs fy, gFkkSM+s vkSj Nsuh dk Hkh barT+kke djuk gksxkA¸
osQ'ko iqQrhZ ls vius firk osQ ikl Hkkxk x;k vkSj mudk Nsuh&gFkkSM+k
mBkdj myVs ik¡o ykSV vk;kA
nksLrkuk vankT+k esa vdcj osQ'ko osQ ikl T+kehu ij cSB x, vkSj ikl esa
iM+ s iRFkj dks [khaprs gq, cksys] ¶Bhd gS] vc crkvks fd eq>s D;k djuk gSA¸
osQ'ko us lansg Hkjh uT+kjksa ls vdcj dh vksj ns[kk ¶gqT+kwj] D;k vki ;g
lc djsaxs\¸
¶D;ksa ugha\ eq>s rks fo'okl gS fd eSa lh[k gh yw¡xkA¸
¶ugha--- ugha--- esjk eryc ;s ugha Fkk]¸ osQ'ko ldidk x;kA ¶njvly
eSa dguk pkgrk Fkk fd vki brus cM+ s ckn'kkg gSaA ;s Bhd ugha yxrkA¸
mlus oqQN vueus Hkko ls dgkA
vdcj g¡ldj cksys] ¶vPNk] ysfdu fiNys gÝ+ rs rks eSaus feêðh ls Hkjh
Mfy;k <ksus esa fdlh dh enn dh FkhA D;k ;g dke mlls Hkh T+;knk
eqf'dy gS\¸
osQ'ko vHkh Hkh vleatl dh fLFkfr esa FkkA og vdcj osQ ikl cSB x;k
vkSj mUgsa Nsuh idM+ us dk lgh rjhdk fl[kkus yxkA fiQj tSls fd osQ'ko osQ
firk us mls fl[kk;k Fkk] mlus dks;ys osQ VqdM+ s ls iRFkj ij ydhjsa [khapdj
,d vklku&lk uewuk cuk;k vkSj xaHkhjrk ls dgk ¶nsf[k,] flI+kZQ bUgha ydhjksa
dks cgrq è;ku ls rjk'kuk gS] vdcj us iRFkj ij Nsuh j[kh vkSj T+kksj ls gFkkSM+s
ls okj fd;k] ftlls dVko T+;knk xgjk gks x;kA
¶vjs--- vjs--- ugha] ugha¸] osQ'ko us rqjar xyrh idM+ hA gFkkSM+s dks vkfgLrk
ls ekjuk gS] --- ,sls!¸ mlus djosQ fn[kk;k] ¶vkSj gk¡] viuh vk¡[ksa FkksM+h
ehapdj j[ksa ojuk fdjpsa mM+ dj vk¡[kksa esa pyh tk,¡xhA¸ vdcj eqLdjk,]
¶th gqT+kwjA¸

36
 tokc esa osQ'ko Hkh eqLdjk mBkA og yxHkx Hkwy gh x;k Fkk fd mldh
cxy esa cSBk ;g O;fDr fganqLrku dk ckn'kkg gSA ,d vukM+ h&ls o;Ld ij
vius dke dh èkkd tekus esa mls eT+kk vk jgk FkkA og cM+ s è;ku ls ns[k jgk
Fkk fd vdcj fdl rjg ydhjksa dks mosQj jgs gSaA ckn'kkg ls T+kjk&lh Hkh pwd
gks tkus ij I+kQkSju mldh R;kSfj;k¡ p<+ tkrhaA
dke djrs&djrs vdcj iwN cSBrs] ¶osQ'ko] lgh ugha gS D;k\¸ vkSj
osQ'ko flj fgykdj viuh vlgefr trk nsrkA
vdcj bRehuku ls cSB x, vkSj osQ'ko dks dke djrk gqvk ns[kus yxsA
vius dke esa [kks, gq, mu nksuksa dks bl ckr dk ,glkl ugha gqvk fd
vklikl ekStwn nwljs laxrjk'k mUgsa cM+ s dkSrqgy ls ns[k jgs gSaA
vdcj us xkSj fd;k fd osQ'ko iRFkj ij cus uewus dks gh ugha rjk'k
jgk Fkk cfYd viuh rjI+kQ ls Hkh muesa oqQN tksM+ jgk Fkk ftlls os
fM”kkbu ”;knk [kwclwjr yx jgs FksA
yM+ osQ osQ dke djus osQ vankT+k dks ns[kdj vdcj
us èkhes ls dgk] ¶osQ'ko] ns[kuk] ,d fnu rqe cM+ s
I+kQudkj cuksxsA gks ldrk gS fd ,d fnu rqe
esjs dkj[kkus esa dke djksA¸
¶dkj[kkuk\ oSQlk dkj[kkuk\¸
¶cl ,d ckj ;s egy rS;kj gks tk,
vkSj yksx vkxjk ls vkdj ;gk¡ jgus yxsa] rc
eSa dkj[kkus cuokm¡QxkA bu dkj[kkuksa esa esjh
+
lYrur osQ lcls cf<+;k IkQudkj vkSj f'kYidkj
dke djsaxsA fp=k cukus okys dykdkj] xyhpksa
osQ cqudj] laxrjk'k] iRFkj vkSj ydM+ h ij
uDdk'kh djus okys f'kYidkj lHkh ogk¡
dke djsaxsA
osQ'ko dk psgjk ped mBkA og eqLdjkrs g,q
cksyk] ¶eSa ogk¡ Tk+ :j dke djuk pkgwx¡ kA¸

37
 vdcj mB [kM+ s gq,A tkrs gq, cM+ s I;kj ls osQ'ko dk oaQèkk FkiFkik;k vkSj
dgk] ¶vPNk csVk] viuk dke Tkkjh j[kksA¸
¶gq”kwj! D;k vki nqckjk vk,¡xs\¸ osQ'ko us cM+ h mRlqdrk ls iwNkA
¶eSa T+k:j vkm¡Qxk osQ'ko!¸
fiQj rks iwjs fnu laxrjk'kksa osQ chp osQ'ko dh èkwe eph jghA og ckj&ckj
ckn'kkg ls gbq Z viuh eqykdkr lcdks lqukrk jgkA
jkr gks pyh FkhA osQ'ko cgqr Fkdk gqvk Fkk] ij vk¡[kksa esa uhan dgk¡\ og
èkhjs&ls vius firk osQ fcLrj esa ?kql x;kA firk us eqLdjkdj dgk] ¶rqe rks
vHkh ls brus izfl¼ gks x, gksA¸
¶ckn'kkg lyker us dgk gS fd ,d fnu eSa cgqr cM+ k dykdkj cuw¡xkA¸
vius flj dks firk dh ck¡gksa osQ lgkjs fVdkdj osQ'ko èkhjs&ls cksyk] ¶gekjs
ckn'kkg cgrq gh usd balku gSaA¸ ¶fcYoqQy lghA¸ firk us dgkA oqQN lkspdj
osQ'ko us iwNk] ¶ckck] ,d ckr crkvks] ckn'kkg osQ ikl vkxjk esa ,d ls
c<+ dj ,d [kwclwjr egy gSaA fiQj os lhdjh esa ;g 'kgj D;ksa cuok jgs gSa\¸
firk us oqQN ;kn djrs gq, crkuk 'kq: fd;k] ¶gk¡ csVk] ckn'kkg oQk vkxjk
cgqr lqanj 'kgj gSA ij lhdjh esa u;k 'kgj cuokus dk Hkh ,d [kkl dkj.k
gSA eSaus lquk gS fd tc ckn'kkg vdcj dh dksbZ larku ugha FkhA bl otg
ls os gj oDr ijs'kku jgrs FksA os cgqr ls lk/q&larksa vkSj I+kQdhjksa osQ ikl x,A
HkVdrs&HkVdrs ckn'kkg [oktk lyhe fp'rh osQ ikl lhdjh vk,A mUgksaus gh
ckn'kkg dks crk;k fd muosQ ,d ugha rhu&rhu larkusa gksaxhA¸
¶'kkgT+kknk lyhe] eqjkn vkSj nfu;ky¸ osQ'ko us pgdrs g,q dgkA
¶fcYoqQy lghA rc ckn'kkg us [oktk lyhe fp'rh osQ lEeku esa lhdjh
esa uxj clkus dk I+kQS lyk fd;k FkkA¸
osQ'ko us dgk] ¶vPNk! vc le>kA blhfy, ckn'kkg vdcj us vius csVs
dk uke lyhe j[kk gSA¸
¶gk¡] vkSj blh dkj.k ge ;gk¡ ,d u, 'kgj osQ fy, iRFkjksa dks rjk'k
jgs gSaA¸
¶gq¡ ¿¿¿¸ osQ'ko muhanh vkokt+ esa cksykA
firkth us ns[kk fd mudk ykMyk csVk lks x;k gSA
38
osQ'ko dh ?kafV;k¡
1- ¶ek'kk vYykg! ;s ?kafV;k¡ fdruh lqanj gSa! rqeus [kqn cukbZ gSa\¸
ckn'kkg vdcj us ;g ckr fdlfy, dgh gksxhμ
(d) osQ'ko osQ dke dh rkjhI+kQ esa
([k) ;g tkuus osQ fy, fd ?kafV;k¡ fdruh lqanj gSa
(x) osQ'ko ls ckrphr 'kq: djus osQ fy,
(?k) ?kafV;k¡ fdlus cukbZ] ;g tkuus osQ fy,
(Ä) D;ksafd mUgsa ;dhu ugha Fkk fd 10 lky dk cPpk osQ'ko bruh lq anj ?kafV;k¡
cuk ldrk gSA
(p) dksbZ vkSj dkj.k tks rqEgsa Bhd yxrk gksA
2- osQ'ko iRFkj ij ?kafV;k¡ rFkk dfM+ ;k¡ rjk'k jgk FkkA mlosQ }kjk rjk'kh tk jgh ?kafV;ksa vkSj
dfM+ ;ksa dk fp=k viuh dkWih esa cukvksA rqEgsa D;k dksbZ [kkl bekjr ;kn vk jgh gS
ftlesa uDdk'kh dh xbZ gksA laHko gks rks mldh rLohj fpidkvksA
vkuk&tkuk
osQ'ko osQ firk xqtjkr ls vkxjk vkdj cl x, FksA gks ldrk gS rqe ;k rqEgkjs oqQN lkfFk;ksa
osQ ekrk&firk Hkh dgha vkSj ls ;gk¡ vkdj cl x, gksaA ckrphr djosQ irk yxkvks fd ,slk
djus osQ D;k dkj.k gksrs gSa\
dgkuh ls
3- vdcj dks igjsnkj dh n[kyankT+kh vPNh D;ksa ugha yxh\
4- ¶yxrk gS dksbZ cgqr cM+ k vkneh gS¸] ;gk¡ ij ^cM+s vkneh* ls osQ'ko dk D;k
eryc gS\
5- ¶[kjxks'k dh&lh dkrj vk¡[ksa¸
i'kq&if{k;ksa ls rqyuk djrs gq, vkSj Hkh cgqr&lh ckrsa dgh tkrh gSa tSls μ ^fgju tSlh
pky*A ,sls gh oqQN mnkgj.k rqe Hkh crkvksA
6- vdcj us tc uDdk'kh lh[kuk pkgk] rks osQ'ko us mUgsa lansgHkjh uT+kjksa ls D;ksa ns[kk\
7- osQ'ko nl lky dk gSA D;k mldh mez osQ cPpksa dk bl rjg osQ dke ls tqM+uk Bhd
gS\ vius mÙkj osQ dkj.k T+k:j crkvksA
8- ¶osQ'ko ckj&ckj lcdks lqukrkA¸
osQ'ko lcls D;k dgrk gksxk\ dYiuk djosQ osQ'ko osQ 'kCnksa esa fy[kksA
39
'kCnksa dh fujkyh nqfu;k
1- (d) uDdk'kh tSls fdlh ,d dke dks pquks (c<+bZfxfj] feL=kh bR;kfn) ftlesa vkST+kkjksa
dk bLrseky gksrk gSA mu [+kkl vkST+kkjksa osQ uke vkSj dke irk djosQ fy[kksA
([k) NSuh] gFkkSM+k] rjk'kuk] fdjpsa μ ;s lc iRFkj osQ dke ls tqM+s gq, 'kCn gSaA ydM+ h
osQ nqdkunkj vkSj c<+bZ ls ckr djosQ ydM+h osQ dke ls tqM+s 'kCn bd_s djks vkSj
d{kk esa mu ij lkewfgd :i ls ckrphr djksA oqQN 'kCn ge ;gk¡ ns jgs gSaA
vkjh] jank] cqjknk] IykbZ] lwr ---
(x) gks ldrk gS fd rqEgkjs bykosQ esa bu phT+kksa vkSj dkeksa osQ fy, oqQN vyx fdLe
osQ 'kCn bLrseky gksrs gksaA mu ij Hkh ckrphr djksA
2- ^dVko* 'kCn ^dV* fØ;k ls iSnk gqvk gSA uhps fy[kh laKk,¡ fdu fØ;kvksa ls cuh gSa\
bu laKkvksa dk vFkZ le>ks vkSj okD; esa iz;ksx djksA
pquko iM+ ko cgko yxko
3- ¶yM+ osQ us tYnh&tYnh dksbZ izkFkZuk cqncqnkbZA¸
js[kkafdr 'kCn vkSj uhps fy[ks 'kCnksa esa D;k varj gS\ okD; cukdj varj Li"V djksA
iqQliqQlkuk cM+ cM+kuk HkquHkqukuk
+ [kM+ k gksA gq”kwjs vkyk osQ lkeus cSBus dh tqjZr oSQls dh rwus! >qddj bUgsa
4- ^^csoowQIkQ]
lyke djA**
egy osQ igjsnkj us osQ'ko ls ;g blhfy, dgk] D;ksafdμ
(d) ckn'kkg osQ lkeus cSBs jguk mudk vieku djus tSlk gSA
([k) igjsnkj ;g dgdj viuh oI+kQknkjh fn[kkuk pkgrk FkkA
(x) igjsnkj dks ckn'kkg osQ vkus dk irk ugha pyk] blhfy, og ?kcjk x;k FkkA
(?k) ckn'kkg dk osQ'ko ls ckr djuk igjsnkj dks vPNk ugha yxkA

40
5 tgk¡ pkg ogk¡ jkg
eyeyh èkksrh dk cknkeh ja x f[ky mBk FkkA fdukjksa ij dlwrh osQ Vk¡dksa ls
fijksbZ gqbZ csy FkhA iYyw ij Hkjok¡ Vk¡osQ viuk deky fn[kk jgs FksA
lqugjs&:igys csy&cwVksa ls tku vk xbZ Fkh eyey esaA bu csy&cwVksa dks
ltk;k Fkk byk lpkuh usA byk dh fgEer dh vuwBh felky gSa ;s d<+ kbZ osQ
uewuAs

41
41
 NCchl lky dh byk xqtjkr osQ lwjr f”kys esa jgrh gSaA mudk cpiu
vejsyh f”kys osQ jktkdksV xk¡o esa vius ukuk osQ ;gk¡ chrkA
lk¡> gksrs gh eksgYys osQ cPps ?kjksa ls ckgj vk tkrsA oqQN feêðh esa
vkM+ h&frjNh ydhjsa [khaprs] oqQN dusj osQ iÙkksa ls fiVfiVh ctkrs] oqQN fxêðs
[ksyrs] oqQN bèkj&mèkj ls VwVs&iwQVs ?kM+ ksa osQ Bhdjs cVksjdj fiêò™ [ksyrsA tc
bu [ksyksa ls eu Hkj tkrk rks isM+ dh Mkfy;ksa ij >wyk Mkydj m¡Qph&m¡Qph
isaxs ysrs vkSj m¡Qps Loj esa ,d lkFk xkrs&
dPps uhe dh ¯uckSjh
lkou tYnh vb;ks js!
byk xkus esa rks mudk lkFk nsrh] ij muosQ lkFk isaxs ugha ys ikrhA jLlh
idM+ us dks gkFk c<+ krh exj gkFk rks mBrs gh ugha FksA og pqipki ,d fdukjs
cSB tkrhA eu&gh&eu lksprh] ¶eSa Hkh ,slk oqQN D;ksa ugha dj ikrh gw¡A cPps
Hkh pkgrs fd byk fdlh&u&fdlh rjg rks muosQ lkFk [ksy losQA dHkh&dHkkj
og idM+ e&idM+ kbZ vkSj fo"k&ve`r osQ [ksy esa 'kkfey gks tkrhA lkfFk;ksa osQ
lkFk tedj nkSM+rh exj tc ^èkIik* djus dh ckjh vkrh rks fiQj fujk'k gks
tkrhA gkFk gh ugha mBsaxs rks èkIik oSQls nsxh\ og cgqr dksf'k'k djrh ij mlosQ
gkFkksa us rks tSls mldk lkFk u nsus dh Bku j[kh gksA byk us vius gkFkksa dh
bl f”kn dks ,d pqukSrh ekukA
mlus og lc vius iSjksa ls djuk lh[kk tks ge gkFkksa ls djrs gSaA nky&Hkkr
[kkuk] nwljksa osQ cky cukuk] I+kQ'kZ cqgkjuk] diM+ s èkksuk] rjdkjh dkVuk ;gk¡ rd
fd r[rh ij fy[kuk HkhA mlus ,d LowQy esa nkf[kyk ys fy;kA nkf[kyk feyus
esa Hkh mls ijs'kkuh gqbZA dgha rks mldh lqj{kk dks ysdj ¯prk Fkh] dgha mlosQ
dke djus dh xfr dks ysdjA fdlh dke dks rks og bruh iqQrhZ ls dj tkrh
fd ns[kus okys nax jg tkrsA ij fdlh&fdlh dke esa FkksM+h cgqr ijs'kkuh rks
vkrh gh FkhA og ijs'kkfu;ksa osQ vkxs ?kqVus Vsdus okyh ugha FkhA mlus nloha
d{kk rd i<+ kbZ dhA og nloha dh ijh{kk ikl ugha dj ikbZA byk dks ;g
ekywe u Fkk fd ijh{kk osQ fy, mls vfrfjDr le; ugha fey ldrk gSA mls
,sls O;fDr dh lqfoèkk Hkh fey ldrh Fkh tks ijh{kk eas mlosQ fy, fy[kus
dk dke dj losQA ;g tkudkjh byk dks le; jgrs fey tkrh rks fdruk
42
vPNk jgrkA mls bl ckr dk nq[k gSA ij ;gk¡ vkdj lc oqQN [kRe rks ugha
gks tkrk u!
mldh ek¡ vkSj nknh d'khnkdkjh djrh FkhaA og mUgas lqbZ esa js'ke fijksus ls
ysdj cwfV;k¡ mosQjrs gq, ns[krhA u tkus dc mlus d'khnkdkjh djus dh Bku
yhA ;gk¡ Hkh mlus vius iSj osQ v¡xwBksa dk lgkjk fy;kA nksuksa v¡xwBksa osQ chp
lqbZ Fkkedj dPpk js'ke fijksuk dksbZ vklku dke ugha FkkA ij dgrs gSa u] tgk¡
pkg ogk¡ jkgA mlosQ fo'okl vkSj èkS;Z us oqQnjr dks Hkh >qByk fn;kA
ianzg&lksyg lky dh gksrs&gksrs byk dkfB;kokM+ h d'khnkdkjh esa ekfgj gks
pqdh FkhA fdl oL=k ij fdl rjg osQ uewus cuk, tk,¡] dkSu&ls jaxksa ls uewuk
f[ky mBsxk vkSj Vk¡osQ dkSu&ls yxsa] ;g lc og le> xbZ FkhA
,d le; ,slk Hkh vk;k vc mlosQ }kjk dk<+s x, ifjèkkuksa dh izn'kZuh
yxhA bu ifjèkkuksa esa dkfB;kokM+ osQ lkFk&lkFk y[kumQ vkSj caxky Hkh >yd
jgk FkkA byk us dkfB;kokM+ h Vk¡dksa osQ lkFk&lkFk vkSj dbZ Vk¡osQ Hkh bLrseky
fd, FksA ifÙk;ksa dks fpdudkjh ls ltk;k FkkA Ma fM;ksa dks dkaFkk ls mHkkjk FkkA
i'kq&if{k;ksa dh T;kferh; vko`Qfr;ksa dks dlwrh vkSj ”kathj ls mBk j[kk FkkA
ikja ifjd fM”kkbuksa esa ;g uohurk lHkh dks cgrq HkkbZA
byk osQ ik¡o vc #drs ugha gSaA vk¡[kksa esa ped] gksaBks ij eqLdku vkSj
vuwBk fo'okl fy, og lqugjh :igyh cwfV;k¡ mosQjrs
Fkdrh ugha gSaA

43
tgk¡ pkg ogk¡ jkg
1- byk ;k byk tSlh dksbZ yM+ dh ;fn rqEgkjh d{kk esa nkf[kyk ysrh rks rqEgkjs eu esa
dkSu&dkSu ls iz'u mBrs\
2- bl ys[k dks i<+us osQ ckn D;k rqEgkjh lksp esa oqQN cnyko vk,\
eSa Hkh oqQN dj ldrh gw¡---
1- ;fn byk rqEgkjs fo|ky; esa vk, rks mls fdu&fdu dkeksa esa ijs'kkuh vk,xh\
2- mls ;g ijs'kkuh u gks blosQ fy, vius fo|ky; esa D;k rqe oqQN cnyko lq>k
ldrh gks\
I;kjh byk---
byk osQ ckjs esa i<+dj tSls Hkko rqEgkjs eu esa mB jgs gSa mUgas byk dks fpêòh fy[kdj
crkvksA fpêòh dh :ijs[kk uhps nh xbZ gSA

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fiz; byk
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rqEgkjk@rqEgkjh

44
loky gekjs] tokc rqEgkjs
1- byk dks ysdj LowQy okys fpafrr D;ksa Fks\ D;k mudk fpark djuk lgh Fkk ;k ugha\ vius
mÙkj dk dkj.k fy[kksA
2- byk dh d'khnkdkjh esa [kkl ckr D;k Fkh\
3- lgh osQ vkxs (✓) dk fu'kku yxkvksA
byk nloha dh ijh{kk ikl ugha dj ldh] D;ksafd---
• ijh{kk osQ fy, mlus vPNh rjg rS;kjh ugha dh FkhA
• og ijh{kk ikl djuk ugha pkgrh FkhA
• fy[kus dh xfr èkheh gksus osQ dkj.k og iz'u&i=k iwjs ugha dj ikrh FkhA
• mldks i<+kbZ djuk dHkh vPNk yxk gh ughaA
4- D;k byk vius iSj osQ v¡xwBs ls oqQN Hkh djuk lh[k ikrh] vxj mlosQ vkl&ikl osQ
yksx mlosQ fy, lHkh dke Lo;a dj nsrs vkSj mldks oqQN djus dk ekSdk ugha nsrs\
d'khnkdkjh
1- (d) bl ikB esa flykbZ&d<+ kbZ ls lacaf/r dbZ 'kCn vk, gSaA mudh lwph cukvksA vc
ns[kks fd bl ikB dks i<+ dj rqeus fdrus u, 'kCn lh[ksA

([k) uhps nh xbZ lwph esa ls fdUgha nks ls lacfa /r 'kCn (laKk vkSj fØ;k nksuksa gh) bdêòk
djksA
I+kqQVcky cqukbZ (Åu) ckxckuh iraxckT+kh

45
2- ,d lknk :eky yks ;k diM+ k dkVdj cukvksA ml ij uhps fn, x, Vk¡dksa esa ls fdlh
,d Vk¡osQ dk bLrseky djrs gq, cM+ ksa dh enn ls d<+ kbZ djksA

T+kathj eNyh Vk¡dk

Hkjok¡ Vk¡dk mYVh cf[k;k

[kqyk gqvk T+kathj Vk¡dk

;s dke d{kk osQ yM+osQ&yM+fd;k¡ lc djsaA

46
 ckr dk li+Qj

47
48
 ckr dk li+Qj
oSc oSQejk] dE;wuhosQVj] dcwrj] baVjuSV] iksLV&dkMZ] gjdkjk]
laosQr Hkk"kk] owQfj;j] VSDLV eSlst] rkj--- bl yach lwph esa vkSj D;k
tksM+k tk ldrk gS\ bu lHkh esa D;k lekurk gS\
lM+dksa osQ pkSjkgs ij [kM+k VªSfI+kQd iqfyl dk vkneh D;k
djrk gS\ dRFkd] HkjrukV~;e tSls 'kkL=kh; u`R; dh Hkko&Hkafxek,¡
D;k vfHkO;Dr djrh gSa\ ;k fiQj ,d Dykl esa tgk¡ Vhpj i<+kus
esa e'kxwy gks] nks cPps vk¡[kksa osQ b'kkjs ls] gksBksa dks fgykdj ;k
fdlh dkxT+k osQ VqdM+s ij oqQN fy[kdj D;k dj jgs gksaxs\ ,slk
rks gj fdlh osQ lkFk T+k:j gksrk gksxkA viuh ckr dgus dh
T+k:jr rks lHkh dks gksrh gSA rjhdk Hkys gh cny tk,A
fjef>e osQ bl Hkkx esa ckr gS chrs dy dh vkSj ,sls Hkfo";
dh tks cPpksa dks jksekafpr djsA os fnu Hkh D;k fnu Fks foKku
dFkk osQ izfl¼ ys[kd vkbT+kd ,slhekso dh fy[kh dgkuh gSA ;g
dgkuh vkt ls Ms<+ lkS lky ckn osQ LowQyksa dh dYiuk djrh gSA
dgkuh i<+dj 'kk;n bu LowQyksa dks dksbZ LowQy gh u dguk pkgsA
dYiuk gS ,sls Hkfo"; dh tgk¡ LowQy esa dksbZ f'k{kd u gks vkSj
fo|kFkhZ ,d gh gksA ,sls LowQy esa cPps lh[kasxs fdlls] ckrsa fdlls
djsaxs] [ksysaxs fdlosQ lkFk\
ge tks i=k fy[krs gSa] mlosQ tokc dk Hkh barT+kkj djrs gSaA
i=k dks ys tkus okyk vkSj mldk tokc ykus okyk gS Mkfd;kA
Mkfd, dh dgkuh] oq¡Qojflag dh t+qckuh ,d HksaVokrkZ gSA
fjef>e dh J`a[kyk esa igyh ckj HksaVokrkZ dh fo/k vk jgh gSA
blesa cPps ns[ksaxs fd fdl rjg ls ,sls iz'u iwNs x, gSa ftuls
”;knk&ls&”;knk tkudkjh gkfly gks losQ vkSj O;fDr dks vius
fopkjksa vkSj vuqHkoksa dks [kqydj vfHkO;Dr djus dk ekSdk feysA
oq¡Qojflag tks igkM+h bykosQ esa Mkd ck¡Vus dk dke djrs gSa] vius

49
dke] futh fT+kanxh vkSj dke esa is'k vkus okyh fnDdrksa osQ ckjs
esa ckr djrs gSaA Mkd osQ T+kfj, lans'k igq¡pkus dk dke Fkdk nsus
okyk gh ugha] tksf[ke Hkjk Hkh gks ldrk gSA
fp_h dk lI+kQj ,d ,sls lI+kQj ij ys tk,xk tks vrhr vkSj
orZeku osQ lans'kokgdksa dh >yfd;k¡ nsxkA lans'k igq¡pkus dh
”k:jr balkuksa dks ges'kk ls jgh gSA vkt Mkd dk {ks=k csgn iSQyk
gqvk gSA le; osQ lkFk ;g rduhdh Hkh gks x;k gSA oqQN n'kdksa
igys rd lans'k oqQN fnuksa esa igq¡prk Fkk vkSj vkt iyd >idrs
gh viuh ckr ge lSdM+ksa ehy nwj rd igq¡pk ldrs gSaA viuh ckr
fdlh rd igq¡pkus dk rjhdk le; osQ lkFk cnyrk jgk gSA le;
osQ lkFk laizs"k.k vkSj lapkj osQ ekè;eksa esa cnyko vk;k gSA bu
ekè;eksa dk bLrseky vyx&vyx mís';ksa osQ fy,] lekt osQ
fofHk oxks± osQ fy, gqvk gSA
,d ek¡ dh csclhμ eu dks Nw ysus okyh dfork gSA
dfork ikBd dks fdl rjg ls izHkkfor djrh gS ;g ikBd osQ
vuqHko ij fuHkZj djsxkA ;g dfork ,d ,sls cPps osQ ckjs esa gS
tks cksy ugha ldrkA xyh&eksgYys osQ cPpksa osQ fy, og ^vtwck*
FkkA ckrphr osQ ”kfj, ge nwljksa dks le> vkSj tku ikrs gSaA laokn
u gksus ls og nwljk gekjs fy, vutkuk cuk jgrk gSA ij ekSf[kd
ckrphr osQ vykok Hkh nwljksa osQ Hkkoksa dks le>us osQ dbZ rjhosQ
gks ldrs gSaA

50
 * i=k
cQ+yks] U;;w kWdZ
20 ekp]Z 19
95

fi;z fuR;k] kv ks a e a s Hkk x ys

; ks fx r
d k i =k fe ykA req ifz r
rEq gkjk 17 t u o jh
y s
f d u , d c kr è;ku eas
d j c M +
k vPNk yxkA
jgh gks] ; s i< +
iz
F ke u v ku s ij eu NksVk
M ls cpuk vkS j
t hr u s i j ?k e a h {kerk ls
j[kuk& v i u h i w
j
kA t hr e g Ro i.w kZ gS yfs du gAS req us
er dju a s , d m i y fC /k
x y s
u k H kh vius vki e
ifz r;ksfxrk e a s Hkk
t +
: j y kÅ ¡
x k yfs du ejs k
d h Q + jekb'k dh g]S
lsVa l~ ,o a M kW y j
u ks V g ks u s p kf g , A vfLe
j e a s v e jh d h flDds rFkk
[k;ky gS fd ?k
s v P N k g q
v kA v c rEq gas ,d
k r q
E g kj s L d w
y eas gks x;k] ; 'kke dk
dk nkf[ ky d ju s d s fy ,
kS j L u s
g d k vknku&ikz nku
nlw js ls fHkM a
r + v
k v ¡
x s z
t + h y g t + s eas cksyus dk
u g ha d ju k i M s
x + kA vfLerk d r ks fgna h]
bra t+kj fg a
n h c y
ks ks
c l , g fr ;kr ;s j[kks fd
'kkdS cjq k u g A
ha
e a s n ks H kk "k kv ksa dh f[kpMh+
ks y ks r ks v ¡
x s
t z + hA gj okD; k pkfg,A
sz + h
vx¡ t c n k r ky e s
y g u
ks
' kk u h g S
A flQ+Z ;nk&d
vèkdpjsiu d h fu
s d ks g S
A c l r
a ds Lokxr eas
Q Z + fi ?k y x b Z g AS clra vku v k'khokZn A
;gk¡ c v fL e r k d ks
x x kr s g a S μ e a S ugh a tkurkA
dkSu&lk jk lLugs
ujæs a ukFk

51
51
 6 fpêòh dk lI+kQj

viuh nl&ckjg lky dh ¯T+knxh esa rqeus oqQN i=k rks fy[ks gh gksxa As os i=k vius
lgh irs vkSj le; ij fdl rjg igp ¡q s gksxa μ
s ;g cgrq &lh ckrksa ij fuHkZj djrk
gSA tSls fd] fpêòh fdl LFkku ls fdl LFkku ij Hksth tk jgh gS] lan's k igp ¡q kus
dh fdruh tYnh gS] rqeus iwjk vkSj Bhd irk fy[kk gS fd ugha] rqeus ml ij
MkdfVdV yxk;k gS fd ugha] vkfnA vc iz'u ;g mBrs gSa fd
• vkf[kj fpêòh ij MkdfVdV yxk;k gh D;ksa tk,\
• iwjs vkSj Bhd irs ls D;k eryc gS\
• T+k:jr iM+us ij lan' s k dks tYnh oSQls igp q¡ k;k tk,\
• LFkku cnyus ls fpêòh osQ igp ¡q us ij D;k vlj iM+rk gS\
buesa ls oqQN lokyksa osQ tokc 'kk;n rqEgkjs ikl gksμ a [kkldj rqeesa ls muosQ
ikl tks MkdfVdVsa bdêòk djus dk 'kkSd j[krs gksAa

+ a dks xkSj ls ns[kksA nksuksa irksa dks

bu lokyksa osQ tokcksa osQ fy, Tk+ jk uhps fn, x, fyIkQkiQks
nh xbZ txg esa fy[kksA
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

52
;s nksuksa irs fdl rjg ls fHkUu gS\a xka/hth dks Hksts x,
i=k esa irs dh txg ij fy[kk gS & ¶egkRek xka/h] tgk¡ gks ogk¡
o/kZA¸ tcfd fyI+kQkI+kQs ij bekjr ;k laLFkku ls ysdj 'kgj rd
dk uke fy[kk gv q k gSA irs esa lcls NksVh HkkSxksfyd bdkbZ ls
'kq: djosQ cM+h dh vksj c<+s gaAS NksVh ls cM+h HkkSxksfyd bdkbZ
dk eryc ;g gqvk fd ?kj osQ uacj osQ ckn xyh&eksgYys dk
uke] fiQj xk¡o] dLcs] 'kgj osQ ftl fgLls esa gS mldk uke] fiQj xk¡o ;k 'kgj dk ukeA
'kgj osQ uke osQ ckn fy[ks vad dks fiudksM dgrs gSAa gj txg dks ,d fiudksM fn;k
x;k gSA ;g lkspus yk;d ckr gS fd vkf[kj fiudksM dh Tk+ :jr D;k gS\ gekjs ns'k esa
vusd ,sls dLcs@xk¡o@'kgj gSa ftuosQ uke ,d tSls gSAa irs osQ ckn fiu dksM fy[kus ls
xarO; LFkku dk irk yxkus esa Mkd Nk¡Vus okys deZpkfj;ksa dks enn feyrh gS vkSj i=k
tYnh ck¡Vs tk ldrs gSAa
fiudksM dh 'kq#vkr 15 vxLr 1972 dks Mkd rkj foHkkx us iksLVy uacj ;kstuk osQ uke
ls dhA T+kkfgj gS fd xka/hth dks feys bl i=k ij vkSj mUgsa feys fdlh Hkh i=k ij fiudksM

fiu 'kCn iksLVy baMDs l uacj (Postal Index Number) dk NksVk :i gSA fdlh Hkh txg
dk fiudksM 6 vadksa dk gksrk gSA gj vad dk ,d [kkl LFkkuh; vFkZ gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy, ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- dks Hksts x, fyI+kQkI+kQs ij fy[kk vad gS μ 110016
blesa igys LFkku ij fn;k x;k vad ;g crkrk gS fd ;g fiudksM fnYyh] gfj;k.kk] fgekpy
izn's k] iatkc ;k tEew&d'ehj dk gSA vxys nks vad ;kuh 10 ;g r; djrs gSa fd ;g fnYyh
(jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k) osQ mi{ks=k fnYyh dk dksM gSA vxys rhu vad ;kuh 016 fnYyh mi{ks=k
osQ ,sls Mkd?kj dk dksM gS tgk¡ ls Mkd ck¡Vh tkrh gSA
• vc rqEgkjk LowQy tgk¡ ij gS ml bykosQ dk fiudksM irk djksA
• vius ?kj osQ bykosQ dk fiudksM uacj Hkh irk djksA
fiudksM dh tkudkjh Mkd?kj ls izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA Mkd?kjksa esa VsyhI+kQksu MkbjsDVjh dh
rjg fiudksM MkbjsDVjh Hkh feyrh gSA rqEgkjs bykosQ dk fiudksM rks rqEgkjs eksgYys esa yxs
ySVj ckWDl ij gh fy[kk gksxkA
• ize[ q k txgks@a 'kgjksa osQ fiudksM uacj rqEgsa dgk¡&dgk¡ fey ldrs gS\a

53
 fVdV&laxzg dk 'kkSd dkiQh yksdfiz;
gSA èkhjs&èkhjs blesa fVdV&laxgz osQ vykok
Mkd ls tqM+h vkSj cgqr&lh phT+ksa 'kkfey
gks xbZ gSaA bldks Mkd dk foKku dguk
xyr ugha gksxkA D;k rqe tkurs gks bl
foKku dks D;k uke fn;k x;k gS\ irk
djks vkSj ;gk¡ fy[kks
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

+ Q flI+kZQ fiudksM dk gh ugha gSA le; osQ lkFk Mkd

dk bLrseky ugha fd;k x;k FkkA IkQoZ
lsokvksa esa fujarj cnyko vkSj fodkl gksrk jgk gSA
cgrq iqjkus le; esa dcwrjksa osQ }kjk lan's k Hksts tkrs FksA tc lans'kokgd dcwrjksa dh ckr
gks jgh gS rks mu balkuksa dh ckr oSQls u gks tks ,sls le; ls Mkd ig¡p q kus dk dke
djrs jgs] tc lapkj vkSj ifjogu osQ lk/u csgn lhfer Fks! ckr gks jgh gS mu gjdkjksa
dh tks iSny gh vke vkneh rd fp_h&i=kh ig¡p q kus dk dke djrs jgsA jktk]
egkjktkvksa osQ ikl ?kqM+lokj gjdkjs gqvk djrs FksA gjdkjksa dks u flI+kZQ gj rjg dh
txgksa ij igq¡puk gksrk Fkk] cfYd Mkd dh j{kk Hkh djuh gksrh FkhA MkowQ] yqVsjksa ;k
taxyh tkuojksas dh pisV esa vkus dk Mj ges'kk cuk jgrk FkkA vkt Hkh Hkkjrh; Mkd
lsok nqxZe o igkM+h bykdksa rd Mkd ig¡qpkus osQ fy, gjdkjksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
tEew&d'ehj osQ yík[k [kaM esa ine (T+kaLdkj) tSlh dbZ txg gSa tgk¡ gjdkjs Mkd
igq¡pkrs gSaA
vktdy rks lans'k Hkstus osQ u,&u, vkSj rsT+k
lkèku vklkuh ls miyCèk gks x, gSaA Mkd ck¡Vus
esa gokbZ tgkt+] ikuh osQ tgkt+ vkSj tkus dkSu&dkSu
ls lkèku bLrseky fd, tk jgs gSaA Mkd&foHkkx Hkh
i=k] euhvkMZj osQ lkFk&lkFk bZ&esy] cèkkbZ dkMZ
vkfn yksxksa rd igq¡pk jgk gSA
dcwrjksa dh mM+ku ls ysdj gokbZ Mkd lsokvksa
rd dk lI+kQj fnypLi djus okyk gSA ;g
54
lkspdj vk'p;Z gksrk gS fd dcwrj
tSlk i{kh lans'kokgd Hkh gks ldrk
gSA dcwrj dh dbZ iztkfr;k¡ gksrh gSa
vkSj ;s lHkh lans'k ykus ys tkus dk
dke ugha dj ldrhaA fxjgckT+k ;k
gwej og iztkfr gS ftls izf'kf{kr
djosQ Mkd lans'k Hkstus osQ dke esa mM+hlk iqfyl [kkl rkSj ij gwej dcwrjksa dk
yk;k tkrk gSA vkf[kj dcwrj viuk bLrseky jkT; osQ dbZ nqxZe bykdksa esa lans'k
jkLrk <w¡<+ oSQls ysrk gS\ mu izoklh igq¡pkus osQ fy, dj jgh gSA dkuwu&O;oLFkk]
if{k;ksa osQ ckjs esa lkspks vkSj irk djks ladV vkSj vU; ekSdksa ij lans'k osQ fy, ;s
fd os oSQls lSdM+ksa ehy dk jkLrk dcwrj cgqr gh mi;ksxh lkfcr gq,A dcwrjksa
vkSj lgh txg r; dj ikrs gSaA dh lans'k lsok cgqr lLrh gS vkSj mu ij [kkl
[kpZ ugha vkrk gSA bu dcwrjksa dk thou
15&20 lky gksrk gS vkSj 8&10 lky rd os
cgqr vPNk dke djrs gSaA LoLFk dcwrj ,d
fnu esa ,d gTk+ kj fdyksehVj rd dk lIk+ Qj dj
ldrk gSA ;fn dksbZ egRoiw.kZ lans'k igq¡pkuk
gks rks nks dcwrjksa dks Hkstk tkrk gS rkfd ck”k
osQ geys tSlh vugksuh fLFkfr esa Hkh nwljk
dcwrj lan's k ig¡qpk nsA
'kk;n ;g i<+dj rqe ,d ,sls dcwrj dh
dgkuh i<+uk pkgks tks nwljs fo'o ;q¼ esa
lan's k igqp
¡ krk FkkA bl dcwrj dh dgkuh us'kuy
cqd VªLV ls v¡xszT+kh esa Nih ,d fdrkc esa nh
xbZ gSA fdrkc dk uke gS ^xz&s usd*] tks fd bl
fdrkc osQ ghjks dk Hkh uke gSA vxj rqe fganh
esa i<+uk pkgrs gks rks D;ksa u us'kuy cqd VªLV
dks i=k fy[kks fd os bl fdrkc dks ¯gnh esa
Hkh NkisaA ;g jgk mudk irk& us'kuy cqoQ
VªLV bafM;k] ,&5 xzhu ikoZQ] ubZ fnYyh&110016

55
fpêòh&i=kh
1- xka/h th dks flI+kZQ muosQ uke vkSj ns'k osQ uke osQ lgkjs i=k oSQls igq¡p x;k gksxk\
2- vxj ,d i=k esa irs osQ lkFk fdlh dk uke gks rks D;k i=k Bhd txg ij
igq¡p tk,xk\
3- uke u gksus ls D;k leL;k,¡ vk ldrh gSa\
4- iSny gjdkjksa dks fdl&fdl rjg dh fnDdrksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gksxk\
5- vxj rqe fdlh dks fp_h fy[k jgs gks rks irs esa ;g tkudkjh fdl Øe essa fy[kksxs\
xyh@eksgYys dk uke] ?kj dk uacj] jkT; dk uke] [kaM dk uke] dLcs@'kgj@xk¡o dk uke]
tuin dk uke uhps nh xbZ txg esa fy[kksA
------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
rqeus bl Øe esa gh D;ksa fy[kk\
6- vius ?kj ij dksbZ iqjkuk (;k u;k) i=k <w¡<+ksA mls ns[kdj uhps fy[ks iz'uksa dk tokc
fy[kksμ
(d) i=k fdlus fy[kk\
([k) fdls fy[kk\
(x) fdl rkjh[k dks fy[kk\
(?k) ;g i=k fdl Mkd[kkus esa rFkk fdl rkjh[k dks igq¡pk\
(Ä) ;g mÙkj rqEgsa oSQls irk pyk\
7- fp_h Hkstus osQ fy, vkerkSj ij iksLVdkMZ] varnsZ'kh; i=k ;k fyi+Qki+Qk bLrseky fd;k
tkrk gSA Mkd?kj tkdj budk ewY; irk djosQ fy[kksμ
iksLVdkMZ --------------------------
varns'Z kh; i=k --------------------------
fyi+Qki+Qk --------------------------
8- MkdfVdV bd_k djksA ,d #i;s ls ysdj nl #i;s rd osQ MkdfVdVksa dks Øe esa
yxkdj dkWih ij fpidkvksA bd_k fd, x, MkdfVdVksa ij vius lkfFk;ksa osQ lkFk ppkZ
djksA
56
'kCndks'k
uhps 'kCndks'k dk ,d va'k fn;k x;k gS ftlesa ^lapkj* 'kCn dk vFkZ Hkh fn;k x;k gSA

laKhrK & laxhr tkuus okyk] laxhr dh dyk lapkj & iq- 1- fdlh lans'k dks nwj rd ;k
esa fuiq.kA cgrq &ls yksxksa rd igq¡pkus dh fØ;k ;k
+ u] VsyhfoTk+ u]
iz.kkyh] dE;wfuosQ'kuA m- VsyhIkQks
laxgz & iq- 1- tek djuk] bdêòk djuk]
,d=k djuk] lap;A iz- nhid vktdy if{k;ksa lsVsykbV vkfn lapkj osQ ekè;eksa ls nqfu;k
osQ ia[kksa dk laxzg djus esa yxk gSA 2- bdêòh vkt NksVh gks xbZ gSA 2- fdlh phT+k dk
dh gbq Z phT+kksa dk lewg ;k <sj] ladyu_ izokg] pyuk] iSQyuk_ tSls&'kjhj esa jDr dk
lapkj] fo|qr~ dk lapkjA
tSls& fVdV&laxzg] fucaèk&laxzgA

(d) crkvks fd dkSu&lk vFkZ ikB osQ lanHkZ esa Bhd gSA
([k) bl iUus dks è;ku ls ns[kks vkSj crkvks fd 'kCndks'k esa fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ lkFk
D;k&D;k tkudkjh nh xbZ gksrh gSaA

57
7 Mkfd, dh dgkuh] o¡Qojflag dh t+qckuh
f'keyk dh eky jksM ij tujy iksLV vkWfI+kQl gSA mlh iksLV vkWfI+kQl osQ
,d dejs esa Mkd Nk¡Vus dk dke py jgk gSA lqcg osQ 11%30 cts gSa]
f[kM+dh ls xquxquh èkwi Nudj vk jgh gSA bl èkwi dk e”kk ysrs gq, nks iSdj
vkSj rhu efgyk Mkfd;k iQVkiQV Mkd Nk¡Vus dk dke dj jgs gSaA ogha ij
eSaus ljdkj ls iqjLdkj ikus okys Mkfd;k o¡Qoj¯lg th ls ckr dhA ;gh
ckrphr vkxs nh tk jgh gSA
• vkidk 'kqHk uke\
esjk uke o¡Qojflag gSA eSa fgekpy izn's k osQ f'keyk f”kys osQ usjok xk¡o dk
fuoklh gwA¡ esjh mez iSra kyhl lky gSA
• vkiosQ ifjokj esa dkSu&dkSu gS\a muosQ ckjs esa oqQN crkb,A
esjs pkj cPps gSAa rhu yM+fd;k¡ vkSj ,d yM+dkA nks yM+fd;ksa dh 'kknh gks
pqdh gSA esjk ,d vkSj csVk Hkh FkkA og esjs xk¡o esa ,d igkM+h ls ydfM+;k¡
ykrs gq, fxj x;k ftlls mldh ekSr gks xbZA
• vkiosQ csVs osQ lkFk tks gv q k] mldk gesa cgrq nq[k gSA vkiosQ bykosQ
esa bl rjg dh ?kVuk,¡ D;k vDlj gksrh gS\a
th] ,slh ?kVukvksa dk gksuk vlkèkkj.k ugha gSA ;gk¡ gj lky frjNh <ykuksa
;k <kadksa ls ?kkl dkVrs gq, dbZ vkSjrsa fxj dj ej tkrh gSAa fiQj Hkh ;gk¡
,sls gh jkLrksa ls pyuk iM+ rk gS D;ksfa d nwljs dksbZ jkLrs gksrs gh ughaA
gekjs xk¡o esa vHkh rd cl ugha igp ¡q ikrh gSA fgekpy esa gTk+ kjksa ,sls xk¡o
gSa tgk¡ iSny pydj gh igp ¡q ldrs gSAa
• fiQj vkiosQ cPps i<+us oSQls tkrs gksxa \s
esjs cPps xk¡o osQ LowQy esa i<+us tkrs gSAa LowQy yxHkx ik¡p fdyksehVj nwj
gSA esjh ,d yM+dh nloha rd i<+ h gS] nwljh ckjgoha rdA rhljh yM+dh
ckjgoha d{kk esa i<+ jgh gSA csVk nloha esa i<+rk gSA

58
• vki tgk¡ dke djrs gSa ogk¡ vkiosQ vykok vkSj
dkSu&dkSu gSa\ D;k vkidks Mkfd;k gh dgdj
cqykrs gSa\
igys eSa Hkkjrh; Mkd lsok esa xzkeh.k Mkd lsod FkkA vc
eSa iSdj cu x;k gwA¡ ij gw¡ ogh uhyh onhZ okyk Mkd
lsodA
• Mkd lsod dks djuk D;k&D;k gksrk gS\
eq>s ! eq>s cgrq oqQN djuk gksrk gSA fpf_;k¡] jftLVjh i=k]
iklZy] fcy] cw<s+ yksxksa dh is'a ku vkfn NksM+us xk¡o&xk¡o tkrk gw¡ A
• D;k ;g lc vHkh Hkh djuk iM+rk gS\ D;ksfa d vc rks lwpuk vkSj
lan's k nsus osQ cgqr ls u, rjhosQ vk x, gSAa
'kgjksa esa Hkys gh vkt lan's k nsus osQ dbZ lk/u vk x, gS]a tSls Ik+ Qksu] eksckby]
bZ&esy oxSjg] ysfdu xk¡o esa rks vkt Hkh lans'k ig¡qpkus dk lcls cM+k
T+kfj;k Mkd gh gSA blfy, xk¡o esa yksx Mkfd, dk cM+k vknj vkSj lEeku
djrs gSaA viuh fp_h vkfn ikus osQ fy, Mkfd, dk bartkj djrs gSAa
• geus lquk gS fd gekjh Mkd lsok nqfu;k dh lcls cM+ h Mkd lsok gS]
;g Hkyk oSQls\
lquk rks vkius fcYoqQy Bhd gSA gekjs ns'k dh Mkd lsok vkt Hkh nqfu;k
dh lcls cM+ h Mkd lsok gS vkSj lcls lLrh HkhA osQoy ik¡p #i, esa ns'k
osQ fdlh Hkh dksus esa ge fp_h Hkst ldrs gSAa iksLVdkMZ rks osQoy ipkl iSls
dk gh gSA ;kuh ipkl iSls esa Hkh ge ns'k osQ gj dksus esa viuk lan's k Hkst
ldrs gSAa
• vkidks viuh ukSdjh esa et+k rks cgrq vkrk gksxkA
eq>s viuh ukSdjh cgrq vPNh yxrh gSA tc eSa nwj ukSdjh djus okys flikgh
dk euhvkWMjZ ysdj mlosQ ?kj igp ¡q krk g¡w rks mlosQ cw<s+ ek¡&cki dk [kq'kh Hkjk
psgjk ns[krs gh curk gSA ,sls gh tc fdlh dk jftLVjh i=k igp q¡ krk gw¡ ftlesa
dHkh fjT+kYV] dHkh fu;qfDr i=k gksrk gS rks yksx cgrq [kq'k gksrs gSAa cw<s+ nknk
vkSj cw<h+ ukuh rks is'a ku osQ iSls feyus ij cgrq gh [kq'k gksrs gSAa Ng eghuksa
rd os esjk blosQ fy, barTk+ kj djrs gSAa fgekpy esa cw<s+ yksxksa dks ia'sa ku gj
Ng eghuksa osQ ckn bd_h gh nh tkrh gSA
59
• vki D;k 'kq: ls blh Mkd?kj esa dke dj jgs gS\a
'kq: esa rks eSua s ykgkSy Lihfr ftys osQ fdCcj xk¡o esa rhu lky rd ukSdjh
dh gSA ;g fgekpy dk lcls Å¡ pk xk¡o gSA blosQ ckn ik¡p lky rd blh
ftys osQ dkTk+ k esa vkSj ik¡p lky rd fdUukSj ftys esa ukSdjh dh gSA ml oDr
bu xk¡o esa VsyhiQksu ugha FksA clsa Hkh flI+kZQ eq[;ky;ksa rd gh tkrh FkhA vHkh
Hkh dbZ ,sls xk¡o gSa tgk¡ u rks cl tkrh gS vkSj u gh ogk¡ VsyhiQksu gSA ,slh
txg esa xzkeh.k Mkdlsod dk cgqr eku fd;k tkrk gSA
• vki igkM+h bykosQ esa jgrs gSAa t+kfgj gS Mkd igp ¡q kuk vklku dke rks
ugha gksxkA
gk¡] eqf'dysa rks vkrh gh gSA tc eSa fdUukSj ftys osQ eq[;ky; fjdkaxfivks
esa ukSdjh djrk Fkk rks lqcg Ng cts esjh M~;Vw h 'kq: gks tkrh FkhA eSa Ng
cts lqcg f'keyk tkus okyh cl esa Mkd dk cksjk j[krk Fkk vkSj jkr dks vkB
cts f'keyk ls vkus okyh cl ls Mkd dk cksjk mrkjrk FkkA iSdj dks ;s lc
dke djus iM+rs gSAa fdUukSj vkSj ykgkSy Lihfr fgekpy izn's k osQ cgqr BaMs
rFkk Å¡ ps ftys gSAa bu ftyksa esa vizy S eghus esa Hkh cI+kZQckjh gks tkrh gSA cI+kZQ
esa pyrs gq, iSjksa dks BaM ls cpkuk iM+rk gSA ojuk LuksckbV gks tkrs gSa ftlls
iSj uhys iM+ tkrs gSa vkSj muesa xSxa jhu gks tkrh gS ftlls m¡xfy;k¡ >M+ ldrh
gSAa bu ftyksa esa eq>s ,d ?kj ls nwljs ?kj rd Mkd igp ¡q kus osQ fy, yxHkx
26 fdyksehVj jkst+kuk pyuk iM+rk FkkA fgekpy esa ,d xk¡o ls nwljs xk¡o
dh nwjh yxHkx pkj ;k ik¡p fdyksehVj rd gksrh gSA fgekpy osQ xk¡o
NksV&s NksVs gksrs gSAa ,d xk¡o esa cl vkB ls nl ;k dHkh&dHkh Ng&lkr ?kj
gh gksrs gSAa blhfy, pyuk dkI+kQh iM+ rk gSA pyuk rks [kSj gekjh vknr esa gh
'kkfey gks pqdk gS xzkeh.k Mkfd, dh ¯”knxh esa rks pyuk gh pyuk gSA
• vkius crk;k Fkk fd igys vki Mkd lsod Fks] vc iSdj gS]a blosQ
vkxs Hkh dksbZ izeks'ku gS D;k\
iSdj osQ ckn Mkfd;k cu ldrs gSa cl ,d bfErgku ikl djuk iM+rk gSA
vHkh rks dke osQ fglkc ls gekjk osru dkI+kQh de jgrk gSA lkjk fnu oqQlhZ
ij cSBdj dke djus okys ckcw dk osru dgha T+;knk gksrk gSA iSdj dk osru
ckcw osQ ftruk gh gks tkrk gSA vc rks Mkfd, dh ukSdjh esa yxuk Hkh cgrq
60
 eqf'dy gks pqdk gSA geesa ls ftrus Mkfd,
fjVk;j gks pqoQs gSa mudh txg u, Mkfd;ksa dks
ugha j[kk tk jgk gSA blls iqjkus Mkfd;ksa ij dke
dk cks> fnu&izfrfnu c<+rk gh tk jgk gSA u
tkus] vkus okyk le; oSQlk gksxk\
• dke osQ nkSjku dHkh dksbZ cgqr [+kkl ckr
gqbZ gks\
,d ?kVuk vkidks lqukrk g¡wA esjk rcknyk
f'keyk osQ tujy iksLV vkWfIk+ Ql esa gks x;k FkkA
ogk¡ eq>s jkr osQ le; jSLV gkml vkSj iksLV vkWfI+kQl pkSdhnkjh dk dke
fn;k x;k FkkA ;g 1998 dh ckr gSA 29 tuojh dks jkr yxHkx lk<+s nl
cts dk le; FkkA ckgj ls fdlh us iksLV vkWfI+kQl dk njokT+kk [kV[kVk;kA
eSaus iwNk ^dkSu gS\* tcko vk;k ^njokT+kk [kksyks rqe ls ckr djuh gS*A eSaus
njokT+kk [kksyk rks vpkud ik¡p&Ng yksx vanj ?kqls vkSj eq>s ihVuk 'kq:
dj fn;kA eSaus iwNk D;ksa ihV jgs gSa rks mUgksaus dksbZ tcko ugha fn;kA lkjs
vkWfI+kQl dh ykbVsa can dj nhaA blls igys fd eSa oqQN le> ikrk esjs flj
ij fdlh Hkkjh ph”k ls dbZ ckj ekjk ftlls esjk flj iQV x;kA eSa yxkrkj
fpYykrk jgkA mlosQ ckn eSa csgks'k gks x;k vkSj eq>s oqQN Hkh irk u pykA
vxys fnu tc eq>s gks'k vk;k rks eSa f'keyk osQ bafnjk xka/h esfMdy dkWyt s
osQ vLirky esa nkf[ky FkkA flj esa Hk;adj nnZ gks jgk FkkA mu fnuksa esjk
17 lky dk csVk esjs lkFk gh jgrk FkkA mlh ls irk pyk fd esjs fpYykus
dh vkokT+k lqudj yM+ dk vkSj vkWfIk+ Ql osQ nwljs yksx tks u”knhd gh jgrs
Fks] njokT+kksa osQ 'kh'ks rksM+dj vanj vk, vkSj eq>s vLirky igq¡pk;kA esjs flj
ij dbZ Vk¡osQ yxs FksA mldh otg ls vkt Hkh esjh ,d vk¡[k ls fn[kkbZ
ugha nsrkA
ljdkj us eq>s tku ij [ksy dj Mkd dh ph”ksa cpkus osQ fy, ^cSLV iksLVeSu*
dk buke fn;kA ;g buke 2004 esa feykA bl buke esa 500 #i;s vkSj iz'kfLr
i=k fn;k tkrk gSA eSa vkSj esjk ifjokj cgrq [kq'k g,q A vkt Hkh eSa xoZ ls dgrk
gw¡ & ¶eSa csLV iksLV eSu gwA¡ ¸
izfrek 'kekZ
61
8 os fnu Hkh D;k fnu Fks
?kVuk egRoiw.kZ Fkh ojuk oqQEeh viuh Mk;jh esa mls D;ksa fy[krhA viuh Mk;jh
esa mlus 17 ebZ lu~ 2155 dh jkr dks fy[kk] ¶vkt jksfgr dks lpeqp dh
,d iqLrd feyh gSA¸
og iqLrd cgqr iqjkuh FkhA oqQEeh osQ nknk us crk;k Fkk fd tc os cgqr
NksVs Fks rc muosQ nknk us dgk Fkk fd muosQ T+kekus esa lkjh dgkfu;k¡ dkxT+k
ij Nirh Fkha vkSj i<+h tkrh FkhaA iqLrdksa esa i`"B gksrs Fks ftu ij dgkfu;k¡ Nih
gksrh Fkha vkSj gj i`"B i<+us osQ i'pkr~ nwljk i`"B iyVdj vkxs i<+uk gksrk
FkkA lkjs 'kCn fLFkj jgrs Fks] pyrs ugha Fks tSls vktdy insZ ij pyrs gSaA
jksfgr us dgk Fkk] ¶fdruh iqLrosQa csdkj tkrh gksxa hA ,d ckj i<+ha vkSj fiQj
csdkj gks xb±A vc rks gekjs VsyhfoT+ku osQ insZ ij u tkus fdruh iqLrdksa dh
lkexzh vk tkrh gS vkSj fiQj Hkh ;g iqLrd ubZ dh ubZ jgrh gSA¸
oqQEeh us Hkh jksfgr dh gk¡ esa gk¡ feykbZA fiQj iwNk] ¶rqEgsa og iqLrd
dgk¡ feyh\¸
jksfgr us crk;k] ¶vius ?kj esaA ,d iqjkuk fMCck dgha nck iM+k FkkA mlh
dks isaQd jgs Fks fd mlesa ls ;g iqLrd feyhA¸
¶blesa D;k fy[kk gS\¸
¶LowQyksa osQ ckjs esa fy[kk gSA¸
¶LowQy\¸ oqQEeh us iz'u fd;kA
¶mlosQ fo"k; esa fy[kus dks gS
gh D;k\ gj fo|kFkhZ osQ ?kj
ij ,d e'khu gksrh gS ftlesa
VsyhfoT+ku dh rjg dk
,d inkZ gksrk gSA
jksT+k fu;fer :i ls
mlosQ lkeus
62
cSBdj gesa og lc ;kn djuk gksrk gS tks og e'khu gesa crkrh gSA lkjk
x`gdk;Z djosQ nwljs fnu mlh e'khu esa Mky nsuk gksrk gSA gekjh xyfr;k¡
crkdj fiQj og gesa le>krh gSA ,d fo"k; iwjk gksus ij ogh e'khu
gekjh ijh{kk ysdj gesa vkxs i<+kuk vkjaHk dj nsrh gS---¸ dgrs&dgrs
oqQEeh Fkd xbZ FkhA var esa cksyh] ¶fdruk mckmQ gksrk gS ;g lkjk LowQy
dk dke!¸
jksfgr eqLdjkrs gq, mldh ckrsa lqu jgk Fkk] ¶vjs cq¼w] tSls LowQy dk o.kZu
bl iqLrd esa gS] og blls fHkUu gksrk FkkA blesa rks mu LowQyksa osQ ckjs esa fy[kk
gS tks lfn;ksa igys gksrs FksA¸
oqQEeh osQ eu esa oqQN mRlqdrk txh] cksyh] ¶fiQj Hkh muosQ ;gk¡ e'khu
osQ cus vè;kid rks gksrs gh gksaxs\¸
oqQEeh dks ;kn vk;k fd ,d ckj tc mlls Hkwxksy esa jksT+k ogha xyfr;k¡
gksus yxh Fkha] rks mldh ek¡ us eqgYys osQ vè;{k dks crk;k FkkA rc ,d vkneh
vk;k Fkk vkSj mlus ml e'khu osQ iq”ksZ&iq”ksZ vyx dj fn, FksA rc mlus
eu&gh&eu ;g euk;k Fkk fd og vkneh bl cksj djus okys vè;kid dks
iqu% tksM+ u ik,] rks mls ges'kk osQ fy, Nqêhð fey tk,A ysfdu ml vkneh
us e'khu dks fiQj ls tksM+dj mldh ek¡ dks crk;k Fkk] ¶yxrk gS e'khu osQ
Hkwxksy dh pDdh oqQN rsT+k jÝ+rkj ij Fkh] lks vkidh yM+dh osQ fy, mls
le>uk dfBu gks x;k FkkA eSaus vc mldh xfr oqQN èkheh dj nh gS] lks vk'kk
gS vc Bhd jgsxkA¸
vkSj oqQEeh dks mlh le; Hkwxksy dk lcd lh[kus cSB tkuk iM+k FkkA
eu&gh&eu og ml e'khuh&vè;kid dks dkslrh jgh FkhA
rHkh jksfgr us oqQEeh osQ lkspus osQ flyflys dks rksM+kA cksyk] ¶gk¡] rc
vè;kid rks gksrs Fks ijarq e'khu ugha] fL=k;k¡ vkSj iq#"k gksrs FksA¸
¶D;k dgk\ dgha dksbZ L=kh ;k iq#"k brus lkjs fo"k; gesa fl[kk ldrk gS\¸
¶D;ksa ugha\ og cPpksa dks lkjs fo"k; le>krs Fks] x`gdk;Z
nsrs Fks vkSj iz'u iwNrs FksA vè;kid cPpksa osQ ?kj ugha tkrs Fks
cfYd cPps ,d fo'ks"k Hkou esa tkrs Fks ftls LowQy dgrs FksA¸
63
 oqQEeh dk vxyk iz'u Fkk] ¶rks D;k lc cPps ,d le; esa ,d tSlh gh
ph”ksa lh[krs Fks\¸
¶gk¡A ,d vk;q osQ cPps ,d lkFk cSBrs FksA¸
¶ysfdu ek¡ dgrh gSa fd e'khuh vè;kid gj cPps dh le> osQ vuqlkj
i<+krk gS] fiQj iqjkus T+kekus esa ;g oSQls laHko gksrk Fkk\¸
¶rc os yksx bl izdkj ugha djrs FksA jgus nks] rqEgkjh bPNk ugha gS rks eSa
og iqLrd rqEgsa ugha nw¡xkA¸
oqQEeh >V cksyh] ¶ugha ugha] eSa mls i<+uk pkg¡ wxh fd rc LowQy oSQls gksrs
FksA fdruh vthc&vthc ckrsa tkuus dks feysaxh!¸
brus esa vanj ls ek¡ dh vkok”k lqudj oqQEeh cksyh] ¶yxrk gS lcd dk
le; gks x;k gSA¸
jksfgr Hkh mBk vkSj vius ?kj dh vksj pyk x;kA oqQEeh vius ?kj dh vksj
pyh xbZA vanj e'khu vkxs dk lcd nsus dks rS;kj FkhA e'khu ls vkokT+k vkuh
vkjaHk gks xbZ ¶lcls igys vkt rqEgsa xf.kr lh[kuk gSA dy dk gkse&ooZQ Nsn
esa Mkyks---¸
oqQEeh us oSlk gh fd;kA og lksp jgh Fkh fd fdrus vPNs gksrs gksaxs os iqjkus
LowQy tgk¡ ,d gh vk;q osQ lkjs cPps g¡lrs [ksyrs&owQnrs LowQy tkrs
gksaxs--- vkSj i<+kus okys iq#"k vkSj fL=k;k¡ gksrs gksaxs---
brus esa e'khu ls Loj vkuk vkjaHk gks x;k Fkk vkSj insZ ij pyrs gq, v{kj
,oa vad vkus 'kq: gks x, FksA
vkSj oqQEeh lksp jgh Fkh fd rc LowQy tkus esa fdruk vkua n vkrk gksxk]
fdrus [kq'k jgrs gksaxs lkjs cPps!
vkb”kd vlhekso

64
lkspks
1- oqQEeh osQ gkFk tks fdrkc vkbZ Fkh og dc Nih gksxh\
2- jksfgr us dgk Fkk] ¶fdruh iqLrosaQ csdkj tkrh gksaxhA ,d ckj i<+ha vkSj fiQj csdkj gks
xb±A¸ D;k lpeqp esa ,slk gksrk gS\
3- dkxT+k osQ iUuksa dh fdrkc vkSj VsyhfoT+ku osQ insZ ij pyus okyh fdrkcA rqe buesa ls
fdldks ilan djksxs\ D;ksa\
4- rqe dkx”k ij Nih fdrkcksa ls i<+rs gksA irk djks fd dkx”k ls igys dh NikbZ
fdl&fdl ph”k ij gqvk djrh Fkh\
5- rqe e'khu dh enn ls i<+uk pkgksxs ;k vè;kid dh enn ls\ nksuksa osQ i<+kus esa
fdl&fdl rjg dh vklkfu;k¡ vkSj eqf'dysa gS\
¶ os fnu Hkh D;k fnu Fks!¸
chrs fnuksa dh iz'kalk esa dgh tkus okyh ;g ckr rqeus dHkh fdlh&ls lquh gS\ vius chrs
gq, fnuksa osQ ckjs esa lkspks vkSj crkvks fd muesa ls fdl le; osQ ckjs esa rqe ¶os fnu Hkh
D;k fnu Fks!¸ dguk pkgksx\s
dy] vkt vkSj dy
1- 1967 esa ¯gnh esa Nih bl dgkuh esa dYiuk dh xbZ gS fd lkyksa ckn LowQy dh txg
e'khusa ys ysaxhA rqe Hkh dYiuk djks fd cgrq lkyksa ckn ;s phT+ksa oSQlh gksaxh&
• isu • ?kM+h • VsyhI+kQksu@eksckby • VsfyfoT+ku
• dksbZ vkSj ph”k ftlosQ ckjs esa rqe lkspuk pkgks---

2- uhps oqQN oLrqvksa osQ uke fn, x, gSaA cM+ksa ls iwNdj irk djks fd chl lky igys
budh D;k dher Fkh vkSj vc budk fdruk nke gS\
vkyw yîó™ 'kDdj
nky pkoy nw/
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65
3- vkt gekjs dbZ dke oaQI;wVj dh enn ls gksrs gSaA lkspks vkSj fy[kks fd vius O;fDrxr
vkSj lkoZtfud thou esa ge oaQI;wVj dk bLrseky fdu&fdu mís';ksa osQ fy, djrs gSa\
O;fDrxr lkoZtfud

• •
• •
• •
• •
• •

• tkudkjh nsus ;k ysus osQ fy, dbZ rjhosQ viuk, tkrs gSaA ge tks oqQN lksprs ;k eglwl
djrs gSa mls vfHkO;Dr djus ;k crkus osQ Hkh dbZ <ax gks ldrs gSaA ckWDl esa ,sls oqQN
lkèku fn, x, gSaA mudk oxhZdj.k djosQ uhps nh xbZ rkfydk esa fy[kksA

lan's k vfHku; jsfM;ks u`R; osQ gko&Hkko

I+kQksu foKkiu uksfVl laosQr&Hkk"kk
fp=k eksckby Vh-oh- eksckby lans'k
I+kSQDl baVjusV rkj b'rgkj

tkudkjh Hkkouk,¡

mQij fy[kh ph”kssa bdrjI+kQk Hkh gks ldrh gSa vkSj nks rjI+kQk HkhA ftu ph”kksa osQ ”kfj,
bdrjI+kQk laizs"k.k gksrk gS muosQ vkxs (→) dk fu'kku yxkvksA nks rjI+kQk laokn dh ph”kksa
osQ vkxs (↔) dk fu'kku yxkvksA

66
rqEgkjh Mk;jh
• Mk;jh fy[kuk ,d futh dke ;k 'kkSd gSA rqe viuh Mk;jh fdlh vkSj dks i<+us dks
nsrs gks ;k ugha ;g rqEgkjh viuh e”khZ gSA dbZ O;fDr;ksa us viuh Mk;fj;k¡ NiokbZ Hkh
gSa] rkfd vU; yksx mUgsa i<+ losaQA ,slh gh dksbZ Mk;jh [kkstdj i<+ks vkSj mldk dksbZ
va'k d{kk esa lqukvksA
• viuh Mk;jh cukvks vkSj mlesa [kqn ls tqM+h egRoiw.kZ ckrsa fy[kksA
• Mk;jh esa rqe vius LowQy osQ ckjs esa D;k fy[kuk pkgksxs\

rqe Hkh dYiuk djksA

nksLrksa osQ lkFk ckr djosQ vankT+k yxkvks fd 50 lky ckn buesa D;k&D;k cny tk,xk&
• fiQYeksa esa ---------------

• xk¡o dh gkyr esa ---------------

• rqEgkjh ifjfpr fdlh unh esa ---------------
• LowQy esa ---------------
Fkk] gS] gksxk
1- vlhekso dh dgkuh 2155 ;kuh Hkfo"; esa vkus okys le; osQ ckjs esa gSA fiQj Hkh
dgkuh esa ^Fks* dk bLrseky gqvk gS tks chrs le; osQ ckjs esa crkrk gSA ,slk D;ksa gS\
2- (d) ^tc eq>s cgqr Mj yxk Fkk---* ^eSa tc NksVk Fkk-----* bl 'kh"kZd ls tqMs+ fdlh
vuqHko dk o.kZu djksA
([k) rqEgsa ^eSa* 'kh"kZd ls ,d vuqPNsn fy[kuk gSA vius LoHkko] vPNkb;ksa] dfe;ksa]
ilan&ukilan osQ ckjs esa lkspks vkSj fy[kksA ;k fdlh eSp dk vk¡[kksa ns[kk gky ,sls
fy[kks ekuks og vHkh rqEgkjh vk¡[kksa osQ lkeus gks jgk gSA
(x) vxyh Nqfêð;ksa esa rqEgsa ukuh osQ ikl tkuk gSA ogk¡ rqe D;k&D;k djksxs] oSQls oD+ r
fcrkvksxs&bl ij ,d vuqPNsn fy[kksA
rqeus tks rhu vuqPNsn fy[ks muesa ls igys dk laca/ mlls gS tks chr pqdk gSA
nwljs esa vHkh dh ckr gS vkSj rhljs esa ckn esa ?kVus okyh ?kVukvksa dk o.kZu gSA
bu vuqPNsnksa esa bLrseky dh xbZ fØ;kvksa dks è;ku ls ns[kksA ;s chrs gq,] vHkh osQ
vkSj ckn osQ le; osQ ckjs esa crkrh gSaA

67
 9 ,d ek¡ dh csclh

bl dfork dks i<+rs le;] vk¡[kksa osQ lkeus dbZ fp=k

curs gSaA cpiu dk fp=k] cpiu osQ [kkl le;μ[ksy
vkSj lkfFk;ksa dk fp=k] mu lkfFk;ksa essa ,d [kkl lkFkh
jru dk vkSj ,d ek¡ dk fp=kA bls i<+ks vkSj eglwl
djksA
dfork èkhjs&/hjs i<+us dh phT+k gSA mls eu esa
mrjus esa dki+Qh le; yxrk gSA dHkh&dHkh rks cjlksa
ckn ge cpiu dh i<+h dfork i<+rs gSa rks yxrk
gSμigyh ckj i<+k gS blsA dfork i<+us osQ ckn eu
osQ fdlh dksus esa ?kj cuk ysrh gSaA fdlh ekSosQ ij
og mHkj vkrh gSA
dfork] dgkuh] lcosQ lkFk ;g gksrk gSA blhfy,
gesa blls fpafrr gksus dh T+k:jr ugha fd dfork
,d ckj esa iwjh rjg le> esa vk
jgh gS ;k ughaA vxj mlls fli+ZQ
,d fp=k gh mHkjrk gS rks Hkh dfork
dke;kc gSA

68
 u tkus fdl vn`'; iM+ksl ls
fudy dj vkrk Fkk og
[ksyus gekjs lkFkμ
jru] tks cksy ugha ldrk Fkk
[ksyrk Fkk gekjs lkFk
,d VwVs f[kykSus dh rjg
ns[kus esa ge cPpksa dh gh rjg
Fkk og Hkh ,d cPpkA
ysfdu ge cPpksa osQ fy, vtwck Fkk
D;ksafd gels fHkUu FkkA
FkksM+k ?kcjkrs Hkh Fks ge mlls
D;ksafd le> ugha ikrs Fks
mldh ?kcjkgVksa dks]
u b'kkjksa esa dgh mldh ckrksa dks]
u mldh Hk;Hkhr vk¡[kksa esa
gj le; fn[krh
mlosQ va nj dh NViVkgVksa dksA
ftruh nsj og jgrk
ikl cSBh mldh ek¡
fugkjrh jgrh mldk [ksyukA
vc tSls&tSls
oqQN csgrj le>us yxk gw¡
mudh Hkk"kk tks cksy ugha ikrs gSa
;kn vkrh
jru ls vfèkd
mldh ek¡ dh vk¡[kksa esa
>ydrh mldh csclhA
jkts'k tks'kh

69
dfork ls
1- ;g cPpk dfo osQ iM+ksl esa jgrk Fkk] fiQj Hkh dfork ^vn`'; iM+ksl* ls 'kq# gksrh gSA
blosQ dbZ vFkZ gks ldrs gSa] tSlsμ
(d) dfo dks ekywe ugha Fkk fd ;g cPpk Bhd&Bhd fdl ?kj esa jgrk FkkA
([k) iM+kl s esa jgus okys ckdh cPps ,d&nwljs ls ckrsa djrs Fks] ij ;g cPpk cksy ugha
ikrk Fkk] blfy, iM+kslh gksus osQ ckotwn og nwljs cPpksa osQ fy, vutkuk FkkA
bu nks esa ls dkSu&lk vFkZ rqEgsa T;+ knk lgh yxrk gS\ D;k dksbZ vkSj vFkZ Hkh gks ldrk gS\
2- ^vanj dh NViVkgV* mldh vk¡[kksa esa fdl :i esa izdV gksrh Fkh\
(d) ped osQ :i esa
([k) Mj osQ :i esa
(x) tYnh ?kj ykSVus dh bPNk osQ :i esa
rjg&rjg dh Hkkouk,¡
1- uhps fy[kh Hkkouk,¡ dc ;k dgk¡ eglwl gksrh gSa\
(d) NViVkgV
• vèkhjrk μ dgha tkus dh tYnh gks vkSj tkuk laHko u gks tSlsμLowQy dh
Nqê ðh esa vHkh dkI+kQh nsj gks] ij ?kj ij ,slk dksbZ esgeku vkus
okyk gks ftls rqe cgqr ilan djrs gks
• bPNk μ fdlh phT+k dks ikus dh bPNk gks ij og rqjra u fey ldrh gks
tSls Hkw[k yxh gks] ij [kkuk rS;kj u gks
• lans'k μ ge dksbZ lans'k nsuk pkg jgs gksa ij nwljs le> u ik jgs gkas
tSls f'k{kd ls dguk gks fd ?kaVh ct xbZ gS] vc i<+kuk can
djsa] ij mUgsa ?kaVh lqukbZ u nh gks
buesa ls dkSu&lk vFkZ ;k lanHkZ bl cPps ij ykxw gksrk gS\
([k) ?kcjkgV
gesa tc fdlh ckr dh vk'kadk gks rks ?kcjkgV eglwl gksrh gSA tSlμ s
(d) v¡èksjk gkssus okyk gks vkSj ge ?kj ls dkI+kQh nwj gksa ;k vosQys gksa
([k) le; de gks vkSj gesa dksbZ dke iwjk dj ysuk gksμ tSls ijh{kk esa ns[kk
tkrk gS
(x) ;g Mj gks fd nwljs osQ eu esa D;k py jgk gS
tSlsμikik dks ekywe py x;k gks fd dk¡p dk fxykl rqels VwVk gS
2- tks cPpk cksy ugha ldrk] og fdl&fdl ckr dh vk'kadk ls ^?kcjkgV* eglwl dj
ldrk gS\
70
3- ¶FkksM+k ?kcjkrs Hkh Fks ge mlls] D;ksafd le> ugha ikrs Fks mldh ?kcjkgVksa dks¸
• jru D;k lkspdj ?kcjkrk gksxk\
• vius nksLrksa ls iwNdj irk djks] dkSu D;k lkspdj vkSj fdl dke dks djus esa
?kcjkrk gSA dkj.k Hkh irk djksA
nksLr@lgsyh fdl ckr ls ?kcjkus dk dkj.k
dk uke ?kcjkrk gS\
-------------------- ----------------------- --------------------------------
-------------------- ----------------------- --------------------------------
-------------------- ----------------------- --------------------------------
-------------------- ----------------------- --------------------------------
Hkk"kk osQ jax
1- dfo us bl cPps dks ^VwVs f[kykSus* dh rjg crk;k gSA tc dksbZ f[kykSuk VwV tkrk gS
rks og ml rjg ls dke ugha dj ikrk ftl rjg ls igys djrk FkkA lanHkZ osQ vuqlkj
[kkyh LFkku HkjksA

f[kykSuk VwVus dk dkj.k urhtk

xkM+h ifg;k fudy tkus ij py ugha ikrh
xqfM+;k lhVh fudy tkus ij -------------------------
xsna ---------------------------------- -------------------------
tksdj pkch fudy tkus ij -------------------------

2- ^cscl* 'kCn ^cs* vkSj ^o'k* dks tksM+dj cuk gSA ;gk¡ cs dk vFkZ ^fcuk* gSA uhps fn,
'kCnksa esa ;gh ^cs* fNik gSA bl lwph esa rqe vkSj fdrus 'kCn tksM+ ldrh gks\
cstku cspSu --------------- ---------------
cslgkjk csfglkc --------------- ---------------
ns[kus osQ rjhosQ
1- bl dfork esa ns[kus ls lacaf/r dbZ 'kCn vk, gSaA ,sls Ng 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fy[kksA
2- ¶ek¡ dh vk¡[kksa esa >ydrh mldh csclh¸
vk¡[ksa cgqr oqQN dgrh gSaA os rjg&rjg osQ Hkko fy, gq, gksrh gSaA uhps ,slh oqQN vk¡[kksa
dk o.kZu gSA buesa ls dkSu&lh uT+kjsa rqe igpkurs gks&

71
 • lgeh uT+kjsa • I;kj Hkjh uT+kjsa
• Øks/ Hkjh vk¡[ksa • muhanh vk¡[ksa
• 'kjkjrh vk¡[ksa • Mjkouh vk¡[ksa
3- uhps vk¡[kksa ls tqM+s oqQN eqgkojs fn, x, gSaA rqe budk iz;ksx fdu lanHkks± esa djksxs\
• vk¡[k fn[kkuk • uT+kj pqjkuk • vk¡[k dk rkjk
• uT+kjsa isQj ysuk • vk¡[k ij inkZ iM+uk

ek¡
¶;kn vkrh jru ls vf/d
mldh ek¡ dh vk¡[kksa esa >ydrh mldh csclh¸
1- jru dh ek¡ dh vk¡[kksa esa fdl rjg dh csclh >ydrh gksxh\
2- viuh ek¡ osQ ckjs esa lksprs gq, uhps fy[ks okD;ksa dks iwjs djksμ
(d) esjh ek¡ cgrq [kq'k gksrh gSa tc ------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) ek¡ eq>s blfy, Mk¡Vrh gSa D;ksafd ---------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) esjh ek¡ pkgrh gS fd eSa ----------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ek¡ ml le; cgqr cscl gks tkrh gS tc -------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(M )+ eSa pkgrh@rk gw¡ fd esjh ek¡ ------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

72
et+k[kVksyk
74
 et+k[kVksyk
fdrkc dk ;g Hkkx gkL; ;k g¡lh dh jpukvksa dk gSA ^fdlh ckr
;k jpuk esa ,slk D;k gS fd mls lquus ;k i<+us ls gesa g¡lh vk tkrh
gS\* bl iz'u dk mÙkj ge ,d pqVoqQys dh enn ls <w¡<+ ldrs gSaμ
vè;kidμ ^eSaus rqEgsa xk; vkSj ?kkl dk fp=k cukus osQ fy,
dgk Fkk] ij rqEgkjk dkxT+k rks dksjk iM+k gSA*
fnus'kμ ^lj] eSa ?kkl vkSj xk; dk fp=k cuk jgk Fkk ij tc rd
fp=k iwjk gksrk] xk; ?kkl [kkdj vius ?kj pyh xbZA*
bl pqVoqQys esa rhu ,slh phT+ksa lkI+kQ&lkI+kQ ns[kh tk ldrh gSa
tks yxHkx gjsd gkL; jpuk esa gksrh gSa&
1- fLFkfr dk ncko ;k ykpkjh
2- ykpkjh ls fuiVus osQ fy, dksbZ ,dne ubZ dYiuk ;k lw>
3- 'kq: dh fLFkfr dk myV tkuk
pqVoqQys dh 'kq#vkr esa fnus'k ij ;g ncko gS fd og viuk
fp=k fn[kk,A fp=k mlus cuk;k gh ugha gS] fn[kk,xk D;k\ exj
viuh dYiuk ls og ,d ,slk mÙkj nsrk gS ftlesa deh <w¡<+uk
eqf'dy gSA mlosQ mÙkj dks ge dYiuk'khy dg ldrs gSaA tks phT+k
gesa g¡lus osQ fy, eT+kcwj djrh gS] og ;gh dYiuk'khyrk ;k lw>cw>
gS tks ,d ncko okyh fLFkfr dks cny nsrh gSA T+kkfgj gS] ;g iwjh
?kVuk dkYifud gS] ;kuh okLro esa ugha gks ldrhA
bl rjg ns[ksa rks ge dg ldrs gSa fd gj gkL; jpuk ,d
dkYifud fLFkfr dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA gesa g¡lkdj og jksT+kkuk dh
okLrfod nqfu;k ;k fT +kanxh osQ nckoksa ls FkksM+h nsj osQ fy, eqfDr
fnykrh gSA gkL; jpuk,¡ gesa oqQN fl[kkus dh dksf'k'k ugha djrha]
os osQoy g¡lkrh gSaA ij ,slh jpukvksa dks xkSj ls ns[kdj ge ;g
le> ldrs gSa fd dksbZ jpuk ;k mldh Hkk"kk gesa D;ksa vkSj oSQls
g¡lkrh gSA
mQij nh xbZ rhu fo'ks"krkvksa dks bl [kaM esa 'kkfey jpukvksa esa
<w¡<+k tk ldrk gSA pkoy dh jksfV;k¡ 'kh"kZd ukVd esa dksdks uke

75
osQ yM+osQ dh ykpkjh c<+rh pyh tkrh gSA pkoy dh jksfV;k¡ vosQys
cSBdj [kkus dh mldh bPNk var rd iwjh ugha gksrhA nwljh rjI+kQ
,d fnu dh ckn'kkgr esa jksT+kkuk jgus okyh fLFkfr myV tkrh gSA
?kj osQ cM+ksa dks ,d fnu cPpksa dh rjg thuk iM+rk gSA
myVh gqbZ fLFkfr dk eT+kk ge xq# vkSj psyk esa Hkh ns[k ldrs
gSaA ;g ,d ,slh v¡èksj uxjh dh dgkuh gS tgk¡ gj phT+k ,d tSlh
dher ij fcdrh gSA ,slh uxjh esa xq# vkSj psyk ,d eqlhcr esa cqjh
rjg i¡Ql tkrs gSa] ij var esa ,d vuks[kh fLFkfr curh gS vkSj os cp
tkrs gSaA bl dfork dh Hkk"kk ij è;ku nsa rks ge 'kCnksa vkSj eqgkojksa
osQ iz;ksx esa fNih g¡lh dks igpku ldrs gSaA
Lokeh dh nknh 'kh"kZd dgkuh esa LokehukFku osQ Hkksys&Hkkys
iz'u lqudj mldh nknh eu&gh&eu [kq'k gksrh gSA 'kk;n nks ckrsa
bl dgkuh dks eT+ksnkj cukrh gSaμ ,d] nknh Lokeh osQ lokyksa dks
cgqr T+;knk xaHkhjrk ls ysrh gSaA nwljs] nknh&iksrk nksuksa esa viuh&viuh
ckr dgus dh mrkoyh vkSj gksM+ gksrh gSA
igsyh cq>kus okyh dgkfu;k¡ Hkh ,d vyx rjg dk vkuan nsrh
gSaA vdcj&chjcy osQ fdLls blhfy, yksdfiz; gSa fd muesa vdcj
osQ dfBu iz'uksa dk tokc chjcy cM+h prqjkbZ ls nsrs gSaA xksuw >k osQ
fdLls Hkh blh izdkj osQ gSaA
eT+kk nsus okyh jpukvksa dks ge ,d vkSj dks.k ls ns[k ldrs gSaμ
gkfT+kjtokch] O;aX; vkSj g¡lkus okyh ifjfLFkfr;k¡] ?kVukØe rFkk
vfr'k;ksfDrA ;fn ge eT+kk[kVksyk dh jpukvksa dks bl n`f"V ls ns[ksa
rks xq# vkSj psyk rFkk xksuw >k dk fdLlk fcuk tM+ dk isM+
gkfT+kjtokch vkSj lw>cw> osQ uewus gSaA pkoy dh jksfV;k¡ vkSj ,d
fnu dh ckn'kkgr esa gkL; osQ rRo ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj ?kVukØe ls
iSnk gksrs gSaA Lokeh dh nknh gesa g¡lkrk ugha gS] ij nknh&iksrs osQ
chp eT+ksnkj laokn i<+dj ge eqLoqQjkrs T+k:j gSaA <Ccw th osQ igys
dkVwZu esa vfr'k;ksfDr ls gkL; iSnk gksrk gS rks nwljk dkVwZu O;aX; dk
mnkgj.k gSA
cPpksa esa LoLFk vkSj cqf¼eÙkk iw.kZ gkL;cksèk iSnk djus osQ fy,
gkfT+kjtokch vkSj lw>cw> dh yksddFkk,¡] dkVwZu vkSj gkL;&O;Xa;
dh jpuk,¡ vfèkd&ls&vfèkd miyCèk djkbZ tkuh pkfg,A

76
10 ,d fnu dh ckn'kkgr
¶vkfjI+kQ---lyhe---pyks] Ik+ QkSju lks tkvks]¸ vEeh dh vkokt+ ,su ml oDr vkrh
Fkh] tc os nksLrksa osQ lkFk cSBs dOokyh xk jgs gksrs FksA ;k fiQj lqcg cM+s eT+ks
esa vkblØhe [kkus osQ lius ns[k jgs gksrs fd vkik f>a>ksMd + j txk nsrha ¶tYnh
mBks] LowQy dk oDr gks x;k]¸
nksuksa dh eqlhcr esa tku FkhA gj oDr ikcanh] gj oDr rdjkjA viuh eT+khZ
ls pw¡ Hkh u dj ldrs FksA dHkh vkfjIkQ+ dks xkus dk ewM vkrk] rks HkkbZ&tku
Mk¡Vrs ¶pqi gksrk gS ;k ugha\ gj oDr esa<d dh rjg VjkZ, tkrk gS!¸
ckgj tkvks] rks vEeh iwNrha ¶ckgj D;ksa x,\¸ vanj jgrs] rks nknh
fpYykrha ¶gk;] esjk fnekx iQVk tk jgk gS 'kksj osQ ekjs! vjh jfT+k;k] T+kjk bu
cPpksa dks ckgj gk¡d ns!¸ tSls cPps u g,q eqxhZ osQ pwT+ks gks x,!
nksuksa ?kaVksa cSBdj bu ikcafn;ksa ls cp fudyus dh rjdhcsa lkspk
djrsA mu nksuksa ls rks lkjs ?kj dks nq'euh gks xbZ FkhA fygkT+kk nksuksa us
feydj ,d ;kstuk cukbZ vkSj vCck dh f[kner esa ,d
nj[kkLr is'k dh fd ,d fnu mUgsa cM+ ksa osQ lkjs
vf/dkj ns fn, tk,¡ vkSj lc cM+ s NksVs
cu tk,¡!
¶dksbZ T+k:jr ugha gS Å/e epkus dh!¸
vEeh us viuh vknr osQ vuqlkj Mk¡V
fiykbZA ysfdu vCck tkus fdl ewM esa Fks
fd u flI+kZQ eku x, cfYd ;g bdjkj Hkh
dj cSBs fd dy nksuksa dks gj fdLe osQ
vf/dkj fey tk,¡xsA
vHkh lqcg gksus esa dbZ ?kaVs Fks fd
vkfjIk+ Q us vEeh dks f>a>ksM+ Mkyk ¶vEeh]
tYnh mfB,] uk'rk rS;kj dhft,!¸
77
 vEeh us pkgk ,d >kiM+ jlhn djosQ lks jgsa] exj ;kn
vk;k fd vkt rks muosQ lkjs vfèkdkj Nhus tk pqosQ gSaA
fiQj nknh us lqcg dh uekT+k i<+ us osQ ckn nok,¡ [kkuk vkSj
cknke dk gjhjk ihuk 'kq: fd;k] rks vkfjI+kQ us mUgsa jksdk ¶rkSck
gS] nknh! fdruk gjhjk fi,¡xh vki---isV iQV tk,xk!¸ vkSj nknh
us gkFk mBk;k ekjus osQ fy,A
uk'rk esT+k ij vk;k] rks vkfjI+kQ us [kkulkek ls dgk ¶vaMs
vkSj eD[ku oxSjg gekjs lkeus j[kks] nfy;k vkSj nw/&fcLoqQV
bu lcdks ns nks!¸
vkik us dgj&Hkjh uT+kjksa ls mUgsa ?kwjk] exj cscl Fkh D;ksafd
jksT+k dh rjg vkt og rj eky vius fy, ugha j[k ldrh FkhaA
lc [kkus cSBs] rks lyhe us vEeh dks Vksdk ¶vEeh] T+kjk vius
nk¡r nsf[k,] iku [kkus ls fdrus xans gks jgs gSa!¸
¶eSa rks nk¡r ek¡t pqdh gw¡]¸ vEeh us Vkyuk pkgk!
¶ugha] pfy,] mfB,!¸ vEeh fuokyk rksM+ pqdh Fkha] exj
lyhe us T+kcjnLrh oaQèkk idM+ dj mUgsa mBk fn;kA
vEeh dks xqly[kkus esa tkrs ns[kdj lc g¡l iM+s] tSls jksT+k
lyhe dks T+kcjnLrh Hkxk osQ g¡lrs FksA
fiQj og vCck dh rjI+kQ eqM+k ¶T+kjk vCck dh xr nsf[k,!
cky c<+s gq,] 'kso ugha dh] dy diM+ s igus Fks vkSj vkt brus
eSys dj Mkys! vkf[kj vCck osQ fy, fdrus diM+ s cuk,
tk,¡x!s ¸
;g lqudj vCck dk g¡lrs&g¡lrs cqjk gky gks x;kA vkt
;s nksuksa oSQlh lgh udy mrkj jgs Fks lcdh! exj fiQj vius
diM+ s ns[kdj og lpeqp 'kfe±nk gks x,A
FkksM+h nsj ckn tc vCck vius nksLrksa osQ chp cSBs viuh
ubZ xT+ky ygd&ygd dj lquk jgs Fks] rks vkfjIk+ Q fiQj
fpYykus yxk ¶cl dhft,] vCck! Ik+ QkSju vkfI+kQl tkb,] nl
ct x,!¸
78
 ¶pq---pq---pksi---¸ vCck Mk¡Vrs&Mk¡Vrs #d x,A csclh ls xT+ky dh v/wjh
iafDr nk¡rksa esa nck, ik¡o iVdrs vkfjI+kQ osQ lkFk gks fy,A
¶jfTk+ ;k] T+kjk eq>s ik¡p #i;s rks nsuk]¸ vCck nÝ+rj tkus dks rS;kj gksdj cksyAs
¶ik¡p #i;s dk D;k gksxk\ dkj esa iSVªksy rks gSA¸ vkfjIk+ Q us rquddj vCck
tku dh udy mrkjh] tSls vCck dgrs gSa fd bdÂh dk D;k djksxs] tsc&[kpZ
rks ys pqosQ!
FkksM+h nsj ckn [kkulkek vk;k ¶csxe lkgc] vkt D;k iosQxk\¸
¶vkyw] xks'r] dckc] fepks± dk lkyu---¸ vEeh us viuh vknr osQ
vuqlkj dguk 'kq: fd;kA
¶ugha] vkt ;s phT+ksa ugha iosaQxh!¸ lyhe us fdrkc j[kdj vEeh dh udy
mrkjh] ¶vkt xqykc&tkequ] xktj dk gyok vkSj ehBs pkoy idkvks!¸
¶ysfdu feBkb;ksa ls jksVh oSQls [kkbZ tk,xh\¸ vEeh fdlh rjg lcz u
dj ldhaA
¶tSls ge jksT+k flI+kZQ fepks± osQ lkyu ls [kkrs gSa!¸ nksuksa us ,d lkFk dgkA
nwljh rjI+kQ nknh fdlh ls rw&rw eSa&eSa fd, tk jgh FkhaA
¶vksÝ+ i+Qks! nknh rks 'kksj osQ ekjs fnekx fi?kyk,
ns jgh gSa!¸ vkfjIk+ Q us nknh dh rjg
nksuksa gkFkksa esa flj Fkkedj dgkA
bruk lqurs gh nknh us
ph[kuk&fpYykuk 'kq: dj
fn;k fd vkt ;s yM+osQ esjs ihNs iats >kM+
osQ iM+ x, gSaA exj vCck osQ le>kus ij
[kwu dk ?kw¡V ihdj jg xb±A
dkWyst dk oDr gks x;k] rks HkkbZ tku
viuh lI+ksQn deht+ dks vkfjI+kQ&lyhe
ls cpkrs nkyku esa vk, ¶vEeh] 'kke dks
eSa nsj ls vkš xk] nksLrksa osQ lkFk fiQYe ns[kus
tkuk gSA¸
79
 ¶[kcjnkj!¸ vkfjI+kQ us vk¡[ksa fudkydj mUgsa /edk;kA ¶dksbZ T+k:jr ugha
fiQYe ns[kus dh! bfErgku djhc gSa vkSj gj oDr lSj&likVksa esa xqe jgrs
gSa vki!¸
igys rks HkkbZ tku ,d djkjk gkFk ekjus yiosQ] fiQj oqQN lkspdj eqLdjk
iM+sA ¶ysfdu] gqT+kwjs&vkyh] nksLrksa osQ lkFk [kkdlkj fiQYe ns[kus dh ckr
iDdh dj pqosQ gSa blfy, btkT+kr nsus dh esgjckuh dh tk,!¸ mUgksasus gkFk
tksM+ osQ dgkA
¶cuk djs--- cl] eSaus ,d ckj dg fn;k!¸ mlus ykijokgh ls dgk vkSj
lksi+sQ ij njkT+k gksdj v[kckj ns[kus yxkA
mlh oDr vkik Hkh vius dejs ls fudyhA ,d fugk;r Hkkjh lkM+ h esa
ypdrh&yVdrh cM+ s BkB ls dkWyst tk jgh FkhaA
¶vki---!¸ lyhe us cM+ s xkSj ls vkik dk eqvk;uk fd;kA ¶bruh Hkkjh
lkM+ h D;ksa iguh\ 'kke rd xkjr gks vk,xhA bl lkM+ h dks cny dj tkb,A
vkt og lI+ksQn okW;y dh lkM+h iguuk!¸
¶vPNk vPNk---cgqr ns pqosQ gqDe---¸ vkik fp<+ xbZA ¶gekjs dkWyst esa
vkt Ik+ aQD'ku gS]¸ mUgksaus lkM+ h dh f'kdusa nqjLr dhaA
¶gqvk djs--- eSa D;k dg jgk gw¡--- lquk ugha---\¸ viuh bruh vPNh udy
ns[kdj vkik 'kfeZnk gks xb±&fcYoqQy blh rjg rks og vkfjI+kQ vkSj lyhe ls
mudh euilan deht mrjok dj fugk;r csdkj diM+ s iguus dk gqDe yxk;k
djrh gSaA
nwljh lqcg gqbZA
lyhe dh vk¡[k [kqyh] rks vkik uk'rs dh esT+k ltk, mu nksuksa osQ
mBus dk barT+kkj dj jgh FkhaA vEeh [kkulkek dks gqDe ns jgha Fkha fd gj
[kkus osQ lkFk ,d ehBh phT+k T+k:j idk;k djksA vanj vkfjI+kQ osQ xkus osQ
lkFk HkkbZ tku esT+k dk rcyk ctk jgs Fks vkSj vCck lyhe ls dg
jgs Fks ¶LowQy tkrs oDr ,d poÂh tsc esa Mky fy;k
djks--- D;k gT+kZ gS---!¸
thykuh ckuks
mnwZ ls vuqokn&y{ehpanz xqIr
80
dgkuh dh ckr
1- vUuk us D;k lkspdj vkfjI+kQ dh ckr eku yh\
2- og ,d fnu cgrq vuks[kk Fkk tc cPpksa dks cM+ksa osQ vf/dkj fey x, FksA og fnu chr
tkus osQ ckn bUgksaus D;k lkspk gksxkμ
• vkfjI+kQ us • vEek us • nknh us

rqEgkjh ckr
1- vxj rqEgsa ?kj esa ,d fnu osQ fy, lkjs vf/dkj ns fn, tk,¡ rks rqe D;k&D;k djkssxh\
2- dgkuh esa ,sls dbZ dke crk, x, gSa tks cM+ s yksx vkfjI+kQ vkSj lyhe ls djus osQ fy,
dgrs FksA rqEgkjs fopkj ls muesa ls dkSu&dkSu ls dke mUgsa fcuk f'kdk;r fd, dj ysus
pkfg, Fks vkSj dkSu&dkSu ls dkeksa osQ fy, euk dj nsuk pkfg, Fkk\
rjdhc
¶nksuksa ?kaVksa cSBdj bu ikcafn;ksa ls cp fudyus dh rjdhcsa lkspk djrs FksA¸
1- rqEgkjs fopkj ls os dkSu dkSu&lh rjdhcsa lksprs gksaxs\
2- dkSu&lh rjdhc ls mudh bPNk iwjh gks xbZ Fkh\
3- D;k rqe mu nksuksa dks bl rjdhc ls Hkh vPNh rjdhc lq>k ldrh gks\
vf/dkjksa dh ckr
¶---vkt rks muosQ lkjs vf/dkj Nhus tk pqosQ gSaA**
1- vEeh osQ vf/dkj fdlus Nhu fy, Fks\
2- D;k mUgsa vEeh osQ vf/dkj Nhuus pkfg, Fks\
3- mUgksaus vEeh osQ dkSu&dkSu ls vf/dkj Nhus gksaxs\
ckn'kkgr
1- ^ckn'kkgr* D;k gksrh gS\ ppkZ djksA
2- rqEgkjs fopkj ls bl dgkuh dk uke ^,d fnu dh ckn'kkgr* D;ksa j[kk x;k gS\
rqe Hkh vius eu ls lkspdj dgkuh dks dksbZ 'kh"kZd nksA
3- dgkuh esa ml fnu cPpksa dks lkjs cM+ ksa okys dke djus iM+ s FksA ,sls esa dkSu ,d fnu dk
vlyh ^ckn'kkg* cu x;k Fkk\

81
rj eky
¶jksT+k dh rjg vkt og rj eky vius fy, u j[k ldrh FkhA¸
1- dgkuh esa fdu&fdu phT+kksa dks rj eky dgk x;k gS\
2- bu phT+kksa osQ vykok vkSj fdu&fdu phT+kksa dks ^rj eky* dgk tk ldrk gS\
3- oqQN ,slh phT+kksa osQ uke Hkh crkvks] tks rqEgsa ^rj eky* ugha yxrhaA
4- bu phT+kksa dks rqe D;k uke nsuk pkgksxh\ lq>kvksA
euilan diM+s
¶fcYoqQy blh rjg rks og vkfjI+kQ vkSj lyhe ls mudh euilan deht+ mrjok dj fugk;r
csdkj diM+s iguus dk gDq e yxk;k djrh gSaA¸
1- rqEgsa Hkh viuk dksbZ [kkl diM+k lcls vPNk yxrk gksxkA ml diM+ s osQ ckjs esa crkvksA
og rqEgsa lcls vPNk D;ksa yxrk gS\
2- dkSu&dkSu lh phtsa rqEgsa fcYoqQy csdkj yxrh gSa\
(d) iguus dh phT+ksa ---------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) [kkus&ihus dh phT+ksa ---------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) djus osQ dke ---------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) [ksy ---------------------------------------------------------------------
gYdk&Hkkjh
(d) ¶bruh Hkkjh lkM+h D;ksa iguh\¸
;gk¡ ij ^Hkkjh lkM+h* ls D;k eryc gS\
μ lkM+ h dk ot+u T+;knk FkkA
μ lkM+ h ij cM+s&cM+s uewus cus gq, FksA
μ lkM+ h ij csy&cwVksa dh d<+ kbZ FkhA
([k) • Hkkjh lkM+ h • Hkkjh vVSph • Hkkjh dke • Hkkjh ckfj'k
Åij ^Hkkjh* fo'ks"k.k dk pkj vyx&vyx la Kkvksa osQ lkFk bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA
bu pkjksa esa ^Hkkjh* dk vFkZ ,d&lk ugha gSA buesa D;k varj gS\
(x) ^Hkkjh* dh rjg gYdk dk Hkh vyx&vyx vFkks± esa bLrseky djksA

82
11 pkoy dh jksfV;k¡
ik=k&ifjp;
dksdks vkB lky dk ,d cehZ yM+dk] oqQN eksVk
uhuh ukS lky dk cehZ yM+dk] dksdks dk nksLr
fru lw vkB lky dk cehZ yM+dk] dksdks dk nksLr
fefe lkr lky dh cehZ yM+dh] dksdks dh nksLr
m ck rqu turk dh nqdku dk izcaèkd (bldk vfHku; dksbZ yacs dn dk
yM+dk udyh ew¡Nsa vkSj p'ek yxkdj dj ldrk gS)
(,d lknk dejk] nhokjksa ij ck¡l dh pVkb;k¡A ,d nhokj osQ lgkjs j[kh
vyekjhA vyekjh osQ mQij ,d jsfM;ks] pk; dh osQryh] oqQN di
vkSj [kkyh xqykch iwQynku j[kk gSA dejs osQ chp Ik+ Q'kZ ij
,d pVkbZ fcNh gS ftlosQ mQij de m¡QpkbZ okyh xksy
esT+k j[kh gSA nks njokT+ksA ,d njokT+kk ihNs dh vksj
[kqyrk gS vkSj nwljk ,d fdukjs dh vksjA iafN;ksa osQ pgpgkus osQ lkFk&lkFk
inkZ mBrk gSA nwj dgha eqxkZ ck¡x nsrk gSA oqQÙkk HkkSd
a rk gSA dgha izkFkZuk dh ?kafV;k¡
ctrh gSaA dks dks vkrk gS] tEgkbZ ysdj vius dks lhèkk djrk gSA)
dksdks ekrk&firk /ku yxkus
[ksrksa esa pys x, gSaA tc
rd ek¡ [kkuk cukus osQ
fy, ykSV dj ugha vkrh
eq>s ?kj dh ns[kHkky
djuh gSA gw¡--- m¡Q---
m¡Q--- ns[krk gw¡ ek¡ us
uk'rs esa esjs fy, D;k
cuk dj j[kk gSA

83
 (og vyekjh dh rjIkQ+ tkrk gS vkSj mls [kksydj ns[krk gSA ,d
r'rjh fudky dj ns[krk gS fd pkoy dh pkj jksfV;k¡ gSaA og
gksaBksa ij thHk isQjrk gS vkSj eqLoqQjkrk gSA)
dksdks vkgk--- eT+kk vk x;kA pkoy dh jksfV;k¡A esjh euilan phT+kA
(og isV eyrk gv q k jksfV;ksa dks esT+k ij j[krk gS vkSj cSB tkrk gSA)
dksdks vkt rks MV dj uk'rk gksxkA
(og ,d jksVh mBkdj eq¡g esa Mkyus yxrk gS] rHkh dksbZ njokT+ks
ij nLrd nsrk gSA)
uhuh dksdks--- , dksdks! njokT+kk [kksyksA eSa gw¡ uhuhA
dksdks xtc gks x;kA ;g rks HkqD[kM+ uhuh gSA mldh uT+kj esa jksfV;k¡ iM+ ha
rks T+k:j ek¡xsxkA eSa bUgsa fNik nsrk gw¡A
uhuh njokT+kk [kksyks dksdks] rqe D;k dj jgs gks\ bruh nsj yxk nhA
dksdks eSa bUgsa dgk¡ fNikm¡Q\
dgk¡ fNikm¡Q\ (jsfM;ks
dh rjI+kQ ns[kdj) eSa
r'rjh dks jsfM;ks osQ
ihNs fNik nw¡xkA (T+kksj
ls ) vHkh vkrk gw ¡
uhuh--- T+kjk #dksA
dksdks vkvks ] uhuhA va n j
vk tkvksA (uhuh vanj
vkrk gSA)
uhuh njokT+kk [kksyus esa bruh nsj D;ksa yxkbZ\
dksdks oqQN [kkl ugha--- eSaus vHkh&vHkh uk'rk fd;k vkSj eq¡g /ksus yxk
FkkA cksyks] lqcg&lqcg oSQls vkuk gqvk\
uhuh D;k\ ;g er dguk fd rqe Hkwy x, FksA ijh{kk osQ ckjs esa jsfM;ks
ij [kkl lwpuk vkus okyh gSA
dksdks ysfdu rqEgkjs ?kj Hkh rks jsfM;ks gSA
uhuh og [kjkc gSA blhfy, lkspk rqEgkjs jsfM;ks ij lquw¡xkA
(uhuh xksy esT+k osQ ikl cSB tkrk gSA)

84
uhuh jsfM;ks mBkdj ;gha ys
vkvks rkfd ge vkjke
ls ysV&s ysVs lqu losQa A
dksdks uhuh] gekjs jsfM;ks esa
Hkh oqQN [kjkch gSA
uhuh vkvks] dksf'k'k djosQ
ns[ksaA eSa mBkdj ys
vkrk gw¡A
(uhuh vyekjh dh
rjIkQ+ tkus yxrk gSA)
dksdks ugha] ughaA uhuh] bls er NwukA Nqvksxs rks djaV yxsxkA
(uhuh #d tkrk gSA)
uhuh eSaus rks bls Nw gh fy;k FkkA HkbZ] eSa og [kcj T+k:j lquuk pkgrk
gw¡A fru lw osQ ?kj tkrk gw¡A rqe vkvksxs\
dksdks ughaA vPNk] fiQj feysaxsA
(uhuh rsT+kh ls ckgj fudy tkrk gSA)
dksdks (xgjh lk¡l ysdj) cky&cky cpsA vc pydj uk'rk fd;k
tk,A esjs isV esa pwgs nkSM+us yxs gSaA
(dksdks r'rjh mBkdj esT+k osQ ikl vkrk gSA ,d jksVh mBkdj
[kkus yxrk gS] rHkh njokT+ks ij nLrd lqukbZ nsrh gSA)
dksdks (r'rjh uhps j[kdj) tkus vc dkSu vk VidkA
fefe dksdks] njokT+kk [kksyksA eSa gw¡ fefeA
dksdks cki jsA ;g rks fefe gSA mls pkoy dh jksfV;k¡ esjh gh rjg cgqr
vPNh yxrh gSaA vkSj og ges'kk Hkw[kh gksrh gSA eq>s jksfV;k¡ fNik
nsuh pkfg,A ysfdu dgk¡\ og rks oqQN [kkus dh phT+k <w¡<+us
osQ fy, lkjs dejs dh ryk'kh ysxhA
fefe (fiQj njokT+kk [kV[kVkdj) dksdks] njokT+ k k
[kksyks u--- bruh nsj D;ksa yxk jgs gks\

85
dksdks dgk¡ fNikm¡Q\ dgk¡ fNikm¡Q\ (dejs osQ pkjksa rjIkQ+ ns[kdj)
Bhd] bl iwQynku osQ vanj fNik nw¡A
(dksdks iwQynku esa r'rjh j[kdj njokT+kk [kksyrk gSA fefe dkxT+k
esa fyiVk caMy mBk, dejs esa vkrh gSA)
fefe njokT+kk [kksyus esa bruh nsj D;ksa dj nh\
dksdks eSaus vHkh&vHkh uk'rk fd;k Fkk vkSj eq¡g /ksus yxk FkkA
vkvks cSBksA
(dksdks vkSj fefe esT+k osQ bnZ&fxnZ cSBrs gSaA)
fefe eq>s vHkh&vHkh rqEgkjs ekrk&firk feysA rqEgkjh ekrkth us dgk
fd rqEgkjs fy, pkoy dh oqQN jksfV;ka¡ j[kh gSaA eSaus lkspk---
dksdks pkoy dh jksfV;k¡\ gk¡ Fkha rksA ysfdu eSaus lc [kk yhaA
fefe ,d Hkh ugha cph\
dksdks lkWjh fefe] eSaus lc [kk yhaA (gkFk ls isV dks eyrs gq,) isV
,dne Hkj x;k gSA yxrk gS vkt rks nksigj dk [kkuk Hkh ugha
[kk;k tk,xkA
fefe cgqr cqjh ckrA esjh ek¡ us osQys osQ ikiM+ cuk, FksA eSaus lkspk
rqEgkjs lkFk ck¡V dj [kkm¡QxhA eSa pkj ikiM+ ykbZ gw¡A nks rqEgkjs
fy,] nks vius fy,A lkspk Fkk rqEgkjh pkoy dh jksfV;k¡ vkSj
eksVs ikiM+ ] nksuksa dk cf<+ ;k uk'rk jgsxkA
(fefe dkxT+k dk caMy [kksyrh gS vkSj ikiM+ fudkyrh gSA og
mUgsa ,d r'rjh esa Mkydj esT+k ij j[krh gSA)
fefe xjekxje gSa vkSj Lokfn"V HkhA rqEgkjh Hkh D;k cnfdLerh gS fd
rqEgkjk isV fcYoqQy Hkjk gqvk gS vkSj rqe oqQN Hkh ugha [kk ldrsA
dksdks (ikiM+ ns[kdj gksBksa ij thHk isQjdj] Loxr) eSua s cM+h xyrh dh
tks mls crk;k fd esjk isV Hkjk gv q k gSA ysfdu eSa le>rk gw¡ fd
og pkjksa ikiM+ rks [kk ugha ldrhA 'kk;n nks esjs fy, NksM+ tk,A
fefe (,d ikiM+ mBkdj) D;k bUgsa fuxyus osQ fy, pk; gS\
86
dks dks gk¡] gk¡] vyekjh ij gSA eSa ys vkrk gw¡A
(dksdks pk; dh osQryh vkSj nks di mBk ykrk gSA fefe ,d di
esa pk; Mkyrh gSA)
fefe rqe rks pk; fivksxs ughaA
isV Hkjk gksxkA
dksdks (Loxr) esjk isV Hkw[k ls
xqM+xMq + dj jgk gSA Hkxoku
djs fefe dks ;g xqM+xqM+
u lqukbZ nsA
fefe (ikiM+ [kkrs gq,) ;g
oSQlh vkokT+k gS\
dksdks vkokT+k\ oSQlh vkokT+k\
fefe gYdh&lh xM+ xM+ kus dh
vkokT+kA ;g fiQj gqbZA lquk rqeus\
dksdks ;g---\ gekjs ?kj esa pwgk ?kql vk;k gSA ogh ;g vkokT+k djrk gSA
(njokT+ks ij nLrd)
dksdks dkSu\
fru lw eSa gw¡ fru lwA
(dksdks mBus yxrk gSA)
fefe rqe cSBs jgksA vkjke djksA rqEgkjk isV cgqr Hkjk gqvk gSA eSa
[kksyrh g¡Aw
(fefe njokT+kk [kksyrh gSA fru lw xsans osQ iwQyksa dk xqPNk fy,
vkrk gSA)
fru lw vkgk! fefe Hkh ;gk¡ gSA
fefe vkvks fru lwA
fru lw (esT+k osQ ikl tkdj) gSyks dksdksA D;k ckr gS\ rqEgkjh rfc;r
Bhd ugha gS D;k\
dksdks gSyks fru lwA
(fefe vkSj fru lw esT+k osQ ikl cSBrs gSaA)
87
fefe (fru lw ls) og Bhd gSaA cl] uk'rs esa pkoy dh jksfV;k¡ T;+ knk
[kk yh gSAa
fru lw (osQys osQ ikiM+ ksa dh rjIkQ+ ns[kdj) vkgk] osQys osQ ikiM+ !
fefe eSa dksdks osQ fy, Hkh ys vkbZ FkhA ysfdu pw¡fd mldk isV ,dne
Hkjk gqvk gS] rqe bUgsa [kRe djus esa esjh enn djksA
fru lw usdh vkSj iwN&iwN\ rqEgkjh ek¡ xk¡o esa lcls cf<+ ;k ikiM+
cukrh gSA
(fru lw ,d ikiM+ mBkdj [kkus yxrk gSA fefe mlosQ fy, di
esa pk; Mkyrh gSA)
fefe (di nsdj) ;g yks pk; osQ lkFk [kkvksA
fru lw (pk; dh pqLdh ysdj gksBa ksa ij thHk fiQjkdj) cgqr cf<+;k pk;
gSA esjh [kq'kfdLerh tks bl oDr ;gk¡ vk x;kA
dksdks (Loxr) rqEgkjh [kq'kfdLerh vkSj esjh cnfdLerhA
(fefe vkSj fru lw ,d&,d ikiM+ [kk ysrs gSa vkSj fefe nwljk
mBkrh gSA)
fefe ;g yks fru lwA ,d vkSj [kkvksA
fru lw ugha] esjs fy, rks ,d gh dkI+kQh gSA
fefe vk/k rks ys yksA nwljk vk/k esa [kk yw¡xhA ,d dksdks osQ fy,
jgkA 'kke dks [kk ysxkA
fru lw rqe T+kksj Mkyrh gks rks ys ysrk gw¡A
dksdks (Loxr) pyks] ,d rks esjs fy, NksM+ jgs gSaA eSa Hkw[k ls ejk tk
jgk gw¡A
fru lw ;g vkokT+k oSQlh gS\
fefe ;gk¡ ,d cM+ k pwgk ?kql vk;k gSA dksdks dgrk gS] ogh ;g vkokT+k
djrk gSA
fru lw ,slk yxk fd fdlh dk isV Hkw[k ls xqM+xqM+k jgk gSA
(fru lw vkSj fefe ikiM+ [kRe djrs gSa)
fefe vPNk] ;s iwQy oSQls gSa\
fru lw vksg! eSa rks Hkwy gh x;k FkkA esjh ek¡ us dgk gS fd dksdks dh
ek¡ us dy nqdku ls ,d iwQynku [kjhnk FkkA mUgksaus ;s iwQy ml
iwQynku esa j[kus osQ fy, Hksts gSaA (bèkj&mèkj ns[krk gSA mls
88
 vyekjh osQ mQij iwQynku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA) og jgk iwQynku]
vyekjh ijA
fefe eq>s nksA eSa bUgsa iwQynku esa j[k vkrh gw¡A
(fru lw mlosQ gkFk esa iwQy nsrk gSA og mBus yxrh gSA)
dksdks ugha] ugha] fefeA
fefe rqeus rks eq>s Mjk gh fn;kA D;k ckr gS\
dksdks ;s iwQy--- ;s iwQyA esjh ek¡ dks bl iwQy ls ,ythZ gSA tc Hkh
og ;g iwQy ns[krh gSa muosQ ftLe esa iq¡Qfl;k¡ fudy vkrh gSaA
fru lw vksg] eq>s bl ckr dk irk ugha FkkA [kSj eSa bu iwQyksa dks okil
ys tkm¡QxkA
dksdks (pSu dh lk¡l ysdj] Loxr) eq>s viuh jksfV;ksa dks cpkus osQ
fy, fdrus >wB cksyus iM+saxsA
(njokT+ks ij nLrd)
dksdks dkSu\
m ck rqu eSa gw¡A nqdku dk eSustj m ck rquA
fefe (dksdks ls) rqe er mBks dks dksA eSa [kksyrh gw¡ njokT+kkA
(T+kksj ls) vHkh vkbZ m ck rqu pkpkA
(m ck rqu uhyk iwQynku fy, vkrk gS)
m ck rqu gSyks cPpks (esTk+ dh rjIkQ+ ns[kdj) yxrk gS NksVh&eksVh ikVhZ py
jgh gSA
fefe vkvks pkpk] vkvksA
(m ck rqu esT+k osQ ikl cSB tkrk gS)
fefe pk; ysaxs vki\
m ck rqu dksbZ ,rjkT+k ughaA cgqr&cgqr 'kqfØ;k!
(fefe vyekjh dh rjIkQ+ tkdj di ys vkrh gS vkSj pk;
Mkydj m ck rqu dks nsrh gSA)
m ck rqu (di ls pqLdh ysdj) D;k eT+ksnkj pk; gSA [kq'kcwnkj rkT+kxh
ykus okyhA
fru lw pkpk] vkius uk'rk dj fy;k gS\
89
m ck rqu vHkh fd;k ughaA eSa lksp jgk Fkk] fdlh pk; dh nqdku ij #ddj
dj ywx¡ kA
fefe pk; dh nqdku ij tkus dh D;k T+k:jr\ vki ;g ikiM+ ys
ldrs gSaA
m ck rqu ysfdu--- eSa rqeesa ls fdlh dk fgLlk ugha ekjuk pkgrkA
fru lw dksbZ ckr ugha pkpkA ge lcosQ isV rks Hkj x, gSaA
(m¡xyh ls xys dks Nwrk gSA)
m ck rqu cgqr&cgqr 'kqfØ;kA vjs] ;g vkokT+k oSQlh gS\
fru lw ;g pwgs dh vkokT+k gSA vDlj ;g vkokT+k djrk gSA
m ck rqu eq>s yxk fdlh dk isV Hkw[k ls oqQycqyk jgk gSA
(m ck rqu ikiM+ mBkdj [kkus yxrk gSA)
m ck rqu dksdks] rqe vkt cgqr pqi gksA rfc;r rks Bhd gS\
dksdks oqQN ugha pkpkA eSa fcYoqQy Bhd gw¡A
fefe mldk isV cgqr Hkjk gqvk gSA uk'rk cgqr MV dj fd;k gSA
(m ck rqu ikiM+ [kRe djosQ gkFk ls eq¡g iksaNrk gSA)
m ck rqu dksdks] rqEgkjh ek¡ gekjh nqdku ls ,d iwQynku ykbZ Fkha (bèkj&mèkj
ns[kdj) gk¡] og jgkA
dksdks D;ksa\ iwQynku dk D;k djuk gS\
m ck rqu rqEgkjh ek¡ us uhyk iwQynku ek¡xk FkkA ml oDr esjs ikl og jax
ugha Fkk] blfy, og xqykch gh ys vkb±A muosQ tkus osQ ckn eq>s
,d uhyk iwQynku fey x;kA eSa mls cnyus vk;k gw¡A
(m ck rqu vyekjh osQ ikl tkdj xqykch iwQynku mBk ysrk gS
vkSj mldh txg uhyk iwQynku j[k nsrk gSA)
m ck rqu (dksdks ls) eq>s ;dhu gS] rqEgkjh ek¡ uhyk iwQynku ns[ksaxh rks
cgqr [kq'k gksaxhA vc eSa pyw¡xkA 'kqfØ;k vkSj xqMckbZA
fefe&fru lw xqMckbZ pkpkA
dksdks xqMckbZ pkpkA (Loxr) vkSj xqMckbZ esjh pkoy dh jksfV;ks!
ih-vkSax f[ku
vuqoknμeLrjke diwj
90
eap vkSj eapu

,d lknk dejk] nhokjksa ij ck¡l dh pVkb;k¡A ,d nhokj osQ lgkjs ek¡l j[kus
dh vyekjhA vyekjh osQ mQij ,d jsfM;ks] pk; dh osQryh] oqQN di vkSj
[kkyh xqykch iwQynku j[kk gSA dejs osQ chp IkQ'kZ + ij ,d pVkbZ fcNh gS ftlosQ
mQij de m¡QpkbZ okyh xksy esT+k j[kh gSA nks njokT+ksA ,d njokT+kk ihNs dh vksj
[kqyrk gS vkSj nwljk ,d fdukjs dh vksjA iafN;ksa osQ pgpgkus osQ lkFk&lkFk inkZ
mBrk gSA nwj dgha eqxkZ ck¡x nsrk gSA oqQÙkk HkkSd
a rk gSA dgha izkFkZuk dh ?kafV;k¡ ctrh
gSaA dks dks vkrk gS] tEgkbZ ysdj vius dks lhèkk djrk gSA
mQij fy[kh iafDr;ksa esa dksdks osQ ?kj osQ ,d dejs dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
njvly ukVd osQ fy, eap lTtk oSQlh gks ;g funsZ'k mlosQ fy, gSA rqe bl
o.kZu dks i<+dj ml eap dk ,d fp=k cukvks tks Bhd oSlk gh gksuk pkfg, tSlk
fd crk;k x;k gSA

ukVd dh ckr

1- ukVd esa fgLlk ysus okyksa dks ik=k dgrs gSaA ftu ik=kksa dh Hkwfedk egRoiw.kZ
gksrh gS mUgsa ^eq[; ik=k* vkSj ftudh Hkwfedk ”;knk egRoiw.kZ ugha gksrh gS
mUgsa ^xkS.k ik=k* dgrs gSaA crkvks bl ukVd esa dkSu&dkSu eq[; vkSj xkS.k
ik=k dkSu gSa\
2- ik=kksa dks tks ckr cksyuh gksrh gS mls laokn dgrs gSaA D;k rqe fdlh ,d
ifjfLFkfr osQ fy, laokn fy[k ldrh gks\ (blosQ fy, rqe Vksfy;ksa esa Hkh
dke dj ldrh gksA) mnkgj.k osQ fy, [kks&[kks ;k dcîóh tSlk dksbZ
[ksy&[ksyrs le; nwljs ny osQ f[kykfM+;ksa ls cglA
3- D;k dHkh vkius dksbZ phT+k ;k ckr nwljksa ls fNikbZ gS ;k fNikus dh dksf'k'k
dh gS] ml le; D;k&D;k gqvk Fkk\
4- dgrs gSa] ,d >wB cksyus osQ fy, lkS >wB cksyus iM+rs gSaA D;k rqEgsa dgkuh
i<+dj ,slk yxrk gS\ dgkuh dh enn ls bl ckr dks le>kvksA

91
,d pkoy dbZ&dbZ :i
1- dksdks dh ek¡ us mlosQ fy, pkoy dh jksfV;k¡ cukdj j[kh FkhaA Hkkjr osQ fofHkUu izkarksa
esa pkoy vyx&vyx rjhosQ ls bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS&Hkkstu osQ fgLls osQ :i esa Hkh
vkSj uedhu vkSj ehBs idoku osQ :i esa HkhA rqEgkjs izkar esa pkoy dk bLrseky oSQls
gksrk gS\ ?kj esa ckrphr djosQ irk djks vkSj ,d rkfydk cukvksA d{kk esa vius nksLrksa
dh rkfydk osQ lkFk feyku djks rks ikvksxh fd Hkk"kk] diM+ksa vkSj jgu&lgu osQ
lkFk&lkFk [kku&iku dh n`f"V ls Hkh Hkkjr vuwBk gSA
2- viuh rkfydk esa ls pkoy ls cuh dksbZ ,d [kkus dh phT+k cukus dh fofèk irk djks
vkSj mls uhps fn, x, fcanqvksa osQ fglkc ls fy[kksA
• lkexzh • rS;kjh • fofèk
3- ¶dksdks osQ ekrk&firk èkku yxkus osQ fy, [ksrksa esa x,A¸
¶dksdks dh ek¡ us mlosQ fy, pkoy dh jksfV;k¡ cukb±A¸
,d gh ph”k osQ fofHkUu :iksa osQ vyx&vyx uke gks ldrs gSaA uhps ,sls oqQN 'kCn
fn, x, gSaA muesa varj crkvksA
pkoy & èkku & Hkkr & eqjeqjk & fpmM+k
lkcqr nky & èkqyh nky & fNydk nky
xsgw¡ & nfy;k & vkVk & eSnk & lwth
osQ] esa] us] dks] ls---
¶dksdks dh ek¡ us dy nqdku ls ,d iwQynku [kjhnk FkkA¸
Åij fy[ks okD; esa ftu 'kCnksa osQ uhps js[kk ¯[kph gS os okD; esa 'kCnksa dk vkil esa
laca/ crkrs gSaA uhps ,d eT+ksnkj fdrkc ¶vukjdks osQ vkB fnu¸ dk ,d va'k fn;k
x;k gSA mlosQ [kkyh LFkkuksa esa bl izdkj osQ lgh 'kCn fy[kksA
vukjdks ,d yM+dh gSA ?kj ----------- yksx mls vUuks dgrs gSaA vUuks uke NksVk tks gS]
lks ml ----------- gqDe pykuk vklku gksrk gSA vUuks] ikuh ys vk] vUuks /kwi esa er
tkuk] vUuks ckgj v¡èksjk&dgha er tk] ckfj'k ----------- Hkhxuk er] vUuks! vkSj dksbZ
ckgj ----------- ?kj esa vk, rks ?kjokys dgsaxs&;s gekjh vukjdks gS] I;kj ls ge bls
vUuks dgrs gSaA I;kj ----------- g¡q&g&g !
vkt vukjdks lqcg lksdj mBh rks gk¡Q jgh FkhA jkr lius ----------- cgqr ckfj'k gqbZA
vukjdks ----------- ;kn fd;k vkSj mls yxk] vkt ----------- lius esa ftruh ckfj'k gqbZ
mruh rks igys ds liuksa ----------- dHkh ugha gqbZA dHkh ughaA teds ckfj'k gqbZ Fkh
vkt ----------- lius ----------- vkSj tedj mlesa Hkhxh Fkh vukjdksA [kwc mNyh Fkh]
dwnh Fkh] pkjksa rjQ+ ikuh fNVdk;k Fkk vkSj [kwc&[kwc Hkhxh FkhA
92
12 xq# vkSj psyk
xq# ,d Fks vkSj Fkk ,d psyk]
pys ?kweus ikl esa Fkk u èksykA
pys pyrs&pyrs feyh ,d uxjh]
pekpe Fkh lM+ osaQ pekpe Fkh MxjhA

feyh ,d Xokfyu èkjs 'kh'k xxjh]

xq# us dgk rsT+k Xokfyu u Hkx jhA
crk dkSu uxjh] crk dkSu jktk]
fd ftlosQ lq;'k dk ;gk¡ ctrk cktkA

dgk c<+ osQ Xokfyu us egkjkt iafMr]

ièkkjs Hkys gks ;gk¡ vkt iafMrA
;g va/sj uxjh gS vucw> jktk]
VosQ lsj Hkkth] VosQ lsj [kktkA

xq# us dgk&tku nsuk ugha gS]

eqlhcr eq>s eksy ysuk ugha gSA
u tkus dh va/sj gks dkSu Nu esa\
;gk¡ Bhd jguk le>rk u eu esaA

xq# us dgk ¯drq psyk u ekuk]

xq# dks foo'k gks iM+k ykSV tkukA
xq#th x,] jg x;k ¯drq psyk]
;gh lksprk gw¡xk eksVk vosQykA
93
pyk gkV dks ns[kus vkt psyk]
rks ns[kk ogk¡ ij vtc jsy&isykA
VosQ lsj gYnh] VosQ lsj thjk]
VosQ lsj ddM+ h VosQ lsj [khjkA

VosQ lsj feyrh Fkh jcM+ h eykbZ]

cgqr jkst+ mlus eykbZ mM+ kbZA
lquks vkSj vkxs dk fiQj gky rkT+kkA
Fkh va/sj uxjh] Fkk vucw> jktkA

cjlrk Fkk ikuh] pedrh Fkh fctyh]

Fkh cjlkr vkbZ] nedrh Fkh fctyhA
xjtrs Fks ckny] >edrh Fkh fctyh]
Fkh cjlkr xgjh] èkedrh Fkh fctyhA

fxjh jkT; dh ,d nhokj Hkkjh]

tgk¡ jktk igq¡ps rqjr ys lokjhA
>iV larjh dks MiV dj cqyk;k]
fxjh D;ksa ;g nhokj] fdlus fxjk;k\

dgk larjh us μ egkjkt lkgc]

u blesa [krk esjh] uk esjk djrc!
;g nhokj de”kksj igys cuh Fkh]
blh ls fxjh] ;g u eksVh ?kuh FkhA
94
[krk dkjhxj dh egkjkt lkgc]
u blesa [krk esjh] ;k esjk djrc!
cqyk;k x;k] dkjhxj >V ogk¡ ij]
fcBk;k x;k] dkjhxj >V ogk¡ ijA

dgk jktk us&dkjhxj dks l”kk nks]

[krk bldh gS vkt bldks dt+k nksA
dgk dkjhxj us] t+jk dh u nsjh]
egkjkt! blesa [krk oqQN u esjhA

;g fHk'rh dh xyrh ;g mldh 'kjkjr]

fd;k xkjk xhyk mlh dh ;g xI+kQyrA
dgk jktk us&tYn fHk'rh cqykvksA
idM+ dj mls tYn iQk¡lh p<+kvksA

pyk vk;k fHk'rh] gqbZ oqQN u nsjh]

dgk mlus μ blesa [krk oqQN u esjhA
;g xyrh gS ftlus e'kd dks cuk;k]
fd T+;knk gh ftlesa Fkk ikuh lek;kA

e'kdokyk vk;k] gqbZ oqQN u nsjh]

dgk mlus blesa [krk oqQN u esjhA
;g ea=kh dh xyrh] gS ea=kh dh xI+kQyr]
mUgha dh 'kjkjr] mUgha dh gS fgderA

95
cM+s tkuoj dk Fkk peM+k fnyk;k]
pqjk;k u peM+k e'kd dks cuk;kA
cM+ h gS e'kd [kwc Hkjrk gS ikuh]
;s xyrh u esjh] ;g xyrh fcjkuhA

gS ea=kh dh xyrh rks ea=kh dks ykvks]

gqvk gqDe ea=kh dks iQk¡lh p<+kvksA
pys ea=kh dks ysosQ tYykn I+kQkSju]
p<+kus dks iQk¡lh mlh ne mlh {k.kA

exj ea=kh Fkk bruk nqcyk fn[kkrk]

u xnZu esa iQk¡lh dk iaQnk Fkk vkrkA
dgk jktk us ftldh eksVh gks xnZu]
idM+ dj mls iQk¡lh nks rqe blh {k.kA

pys larjh <w¡<+us eksVh xnZu]

feyk psyk [kkrk Fkk gyqvk nuknuA
dgk larjh us pysa vki I+kQkSju]
egkjkt us Hkstk U;kSrk blh {k.kA

cgqr eu esa [kq'k gks pyk vkt psyk]

dgk vkt U;kSrk No¡wQxk vosQyk!!
exj vkosQ igq¡pk rks ns[kk >esyk]
ogk¡ rks tqM+k Fkk vtc ,d esykA

96
;g eksVh gS xnZu] bls rqe c<+kvks]
dgk jktk us bldks iQk¡lh p<+kvks!
dgk psys us μ oqQN [krk rks crkvks]
dgk jktk us μ ^pqi* u cdcd epkvksA

exj Fkk u cq¼w μ Fkk pkykd psyk]

epk;k cM+ k gh ogha ij >esyk!!
dgk igys xq# th osQ n'kZu djkvks]
eq>s ckn esa pkgs iQk¡lh p<+kvksA

xq#th cqyk, x, >V ogk¡ ij]

fd jksrk Fkk psyk [kM+ k Fkk tgk¡ ijA
xq# th us psys dks vkdj cqyk;k]
rqjr dku esa ea=k oqQN xquxquk;kA

>xM+ us yxs fiQj xq# vkSj psyk]

epk muesa èkDdk cM+ k jsy&isykA
xq# us dgkμiQk¡lh ij eSa p<¡ +xk]
w
dgk psys us μ iQk¡lh ij eSa e:¡xkA

gVk, u gVrs vM+ s ,sls nksuksa]

NqVk, u NqVrs yM+ s ,sls nksuksaA
c<+ s jktk I+kQkSju dgk ckr D;k gS\
xq# us crk;k djkekr D;k gSA

97
p<+sxk tks iQk¡lh egwjr gS ,slh]
u ,slh egwjr cuh cf<+;k tSlhA
og jktk ugha] pØorhZ cusxk]
;g lalkj dk N=k ml ij rusxkA

dgk jktk us ckr lp xj ;gh

xq# dk dFku] >wB gksrk ugha gS
dgk jktk us iQk¡lh ij eSa p<¡ w+xk
blh ne iQk¡lh ij eSa gh V¡xw¡xkA

p<+k iQk¡lh jktk ctk [kwc cktk

iztk [kq'k gbq Z tc ejk ew[kZ jktk
ctk [kwc ?kj&?kj c/kbZ dk cktkA
Fkh va/sj uxjh] Fkk vucw> jktk
lksgu yky f}osnh

98
VosQ dh ckr
1. Vdk iqjkus T+kekus dk flDdk FkkA vxj vktdy lc ph”ksa ,d #i;k fdyks feyus yxsa
rks mlls fdl rjg osQ I+kQk;ns vkSj uqdlku gksaxs\
2. Hkkjr esa dksbZ ph”k [kjhnus&cspus ds fy, ^#i;s* dk bLrseky gksrk gS vkSj ckaXykns'k esa
^VosQ* dkA ^#i;k* vkSj ^Vdk* Øe'k% Hkkjr vkSj ckaXykns'k dh eqnzk,¡ gSaA uhps fy[ks
ns'kksa dh eqnzk,¡ dkSu&lh gSa\
lmQnh vjc tkiku Úkal bVyh baXySMa
dfork dh dgkuh
1- bl dfork dh dgkuh vius 'kCnksa esa fy[kksA
2- D;k rqeus dksbZ vkSj ,slh dgkuh ;k dfork i<+h gS ftlesa lw>cw> ls fcxM+k dke cuk
gks] mls viuh d{kk esa lqukvksA
3- dfork dks è;ku ls i<+ dj ^vaèksj uxjh* osQ ckjs esa oqQN okD; fy[kksA
(lM+osaQ] ckT+kkj] jktk dk jktdkt)
4- D;k ,sls ns'k dks ^va/sj uxjh* dguk Bhd gS\ vius mÙkj dk dkj.k Hkh crkvksA
dfork dh ckr
1- ¶iztk [kq'k gqbZ tc ejk ew[kZ jktkA¸
(d) v¡/sj uxjh dh iztk jktk osQ ejus ij [kq'k D;ksa gbq Z\
([k) ;fn os jktk ls ijs'kku Fks rks mUgksaus mls [kqn D;ksa ugha gVk;k\ vkil esa ppkZ
djksA
2- ¶xq# dk dFku] >wB gksrk ugha gSA¸
(1) xq#th us D;k ckr dgh Fkh\
(2) jktk ;g ckr lqudj iQk¡lh ij yVd x;kA rqEgkjs fopkj ls xq#th us tks ckr
dgh] D;k og lp Fkh\
(3) xq#th us ;g ckr dgdj lgh fd;k ;k xyr\ vkil esa ppkZ djksA

99
vyx rjg ls
• vxj dfork ,sls 'kq# gks rks vkxs fdl rjg c<+ sxh\
Fkh fctyh vkSj mldh lgsyh Fkh cnyh
--------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------

D;k gksrk ;fn ---

1- ea=kh dh xnZu i¡Qns osQ cjkcj dh gksrh\
2- jktk xq#th dh ckrksa esa u vkrk\
3- vxj larjh dgrk fd ¶nhokj blhfy, fxjh D;ksafd iksyh Fkh¸ rks egkjkt fdl&fdl
dks cqykrs\ vkxs D;k gksrk\
'kCnksa dh Nkuchu
1- uhps fy[ks okD; i<+ksA ftu 'kCnksa osQ uhps js[kk f[kaph gS] mUgsa vktdy oSQls fy[krs gSa]
;g Hkh crkvksA
(d) u tkus dh va/sj gks dkSu Nu esa!
([k) xq# us dgk rsT+k Xokfyu u Hkx jh!
(x) blh ls fxjh] ;g u eksVh ?kuh Fkh!
(?k) ;s xyrh u esjh] ;g xyrh fcjkuh!
(M)+ u ,slh egwjr cuh cf<+;k tSlh
2- pekpe Fkh lM+osaQ --- bl iafDr esa ^pekpe* 'kCn vk;k gSA uhps fy[ks 'kCnksa dks i<+ks
vkSj fn, x, okD;ksa esa ;s 'kCn Hkjksμ
iVkiV pdkpd iQVkiQV pVkpV >dk>d [kVk[kV pViV
• vk¡èkh osQ dkj.k isM+ ls ---------------- iQy fxj jgs gSaA
• ga lk viuk lkjk dke ---------------- dj ysrh gSA
• vkt jgeku us ---------------- lI+ksQn oqQrkZ iktkek iguk gSA
• ml HkqD[kM+ us ---------------- lkjs yîó™ [kk MkysA
• lkjs crZu èkqydj ---------------- gks x,A
100
 * fcuk tM+ dk isM+
jktk ds njckj esa ,d O;kikjh lanwd ds lkFk igq¡pkA mlus xoZ ls dgk] ^egkjkt] eSa
O;kikjh gw¡ vkSj fcuk cht ,oa ikuh ds isM+ mxkrk gw¡A vkids fy, eSa ,d vn~Hkqr migkj
yk;k gw¡] ysfdu vkids njckj esa ,d&ls&,d Kkuh&è;kuh gSa] blfy, igys eq>s
dksbZ ;g crk, fd bl lanwd esa D;k gS\ vxj crk nsxk rks vkids ;gk¡ pkdjh djus
dks rS;kj gw¡A*
lHkkln iafMrksa] iqjksfgrksa vkSj T;ksfrf"k;ksa dh vksj ns[kus yxs] ysfdu mu yksxksa
us flj >qdk fy,A
lHkk esa xksuw >k Hkh mifLFkr FksA mUgsa mldh pqukSrh Lohdkj djuk vko';d
yxk] vU;Fkk njckj dh tx&g¡lkbZ gksrhA xksuw >k us fo'okliwoZd dgk] ^eSa crk
ldrk gw¡ fd lanwd esa D;k gS] ysfdu blds fy, eq>s jkrHkj dk le; pkfg, vkSj
O;kikjh dks lanwd ds lkFk esjs ;gk¡ Bgjuk gksxkA lanwd cnyk u tk,] bldh fuxjkuh
ds fy, ge jkrHkj txs jgsaxs vkSj O;kikjh pkgs rks igjsnkj Hkh j[kok ldrs gSaA*
lHkh eku x, vkSj O;kikjh xksuw >k ds ;gk¡ pyk x;kA
jkrHkj nksuksa lanwd dh j[kokyh djrs jgsA jkr dkVuh Fkh]
blfy, fdLlk&dgkuh Hkh pyrh jghA ckrphr ds Øe esa xksuw
>k us dgk] ^HkkbZ] dqN fnu iwoZ eq>s ,d O;kikjh feyk Fkk]
mlus Hkh ;gh dgk Fkk fd fcuk cht&ikuh ds isM+
mxkrk gw¡A isM+ksa esa Hkk¡fr&Hkk¡fr ds Qwy f[kyrs gSa]
og Hkh jkr esaA D;k vki Hkh jkr esa isM+ mxkdj
Hkk¡fr&Hkk¡fr ds Qwy f[kyk ldrs gSa\*
mlus vgadkj ls dgk] ^D;ksa ugha!
esjs isM+ jkr esa gh vPNs yxrs gSa vkSj muds
jax&fcjaxs Qwy ns[krs gh curs gSaA*
;g lqurs gh xksuw >k dh vk¡[kksa esa
ped vk xbZ vkSj os fuf'apr gks x,A
nwljs fnu nksuksa njckj esa mifLFkr
gq,A xksuw >k us tsc ls dqN vkfr'kckT+kh
fudkydj NksM+hA

101
101
 lHkkln >q¡>yk x,A egkjkt dh Hkh vk¡[ksa
yky&ihyh gks xb± vkSj dgk] ^xksuw >k] ;g D;k
csoDr dh 'kgukbZ ctk nh! lHkk dk lkekU;
f'k"Vkpkj Hkh Hkwy x,\*
xksuw >k us okrkoj.k dks lgt djrs gq,
dgk] ^egkjkt] loZizFke /k`"Vrk ds fy, {kek
pkgrk gw¡] ysfdu ;g esjh etcwjh FkhA blh esa
O;kikjh HkkbZ ds jgL;e; iz'u dk mÙkj Nqik
gSA blesa gh fcuk tM+ ds Hkk¡fr&Hkk¡fr ds jaxksa esa Qwy
f[kyrs gSaA*
O;kikjh vokd~ jg x;kA mlus lgers gq, dgk]
^egkjkt] bUgksaus esjs xw<+ iz'u dk mÙkj ns fn;kA*
fQj mlus foLe;iwoZd xksuw >k ls iwNk] ^vkius dSls
tkuk fd blesa vkfr'kckT+kh gh gS\*
xksuw >k us lgtrk ls dgk] ^O;kikjh] tc vkius ;g
dgk fd fcuk cht&ikuh ds isM+ mxrs gSa vkSj muesa Hkk¡fr&Hkk¡fr ds Qwy
f[kyrs gSa] rc rd rks eq>s lansg jgk] ijarq esjs iwNus ij ;g dgk fd jkr gh
esa vkidh ;g Q + ly vPNh yxrh gS] rc T+kjk Hkh la'k; ugha jgk fd blesa
vkfr'kckT+kh NksM+ dqN vU; lkeku ugha gksxkA*
O;kikjh ek;wl gks x;kA jktk us dgk] ^O;kikjh] vkidks nq%[kh gksus dh T+ k:jr
ugha gSA vki ;gk¡ jgus ds fy, Lora= gSa] ij viuk deky jkr esa fn[kkdj yksxksa dk
euksjatu dhft,xkA vxj izn'kZu iz'kaluh; jgk rks iqjLdkj Hkh ikb,xk] ij
vHkh iqjLdkj ds gdnkj xksuw >k gh gSaA*
ohjsaæ >k

102
102
13 Lokeh dh nknh
cSBd vkSj Hkkstu&d{k osQ chp] de goknkj
v¡èksjs xfy;kjs dh can&lh dksBjh esa LokehukFku dh nknh vius
lkjs lkeku osQ lkFk jgrh FkhaA mudk lkeku Fkkμik¡p nfj;ksa]
rhu pknjksa] ik¡p rfd;ksa okyk Hkkjh&Hkjde fcLrj]
iVlu osQ js'ks dk cuk ,d oxkZdkj cDlk vkSj
ydM+ h dk ,d NksVk cDlk ftlesa rk¡cs osQ flDosQ]
byk;ph] ykSax vkSj lqikjh iM+ s jgrs FksA
jkr osQ Hkkstu osQ ckn LokehukFku nknh osQ ikl mudh xksn
esa flj j[ks ykSax] byk;ph dh xaèk Hkjs okrkoj.k esa vius dks cgqr izlUu vkSj
lqjf{kr eglwl dj jgk FkkA
cM+ h izlUurk ls Hkjdj og cksyk] ¶vksg nknh! rqe ugha tkurh] jkte
fdruh m¡Qph phT+k gSA¸ mlus nknh dks jkte vkSj ef.k dh igys nq'euh vkSj
fiQj nksLrh dh dgkuh dg lqukbZA
¶rqEgsa irk gS mlosQ ikl lpeqp dh iqfyl dh onhZ gS]¸ LokehukFku cksykA
¶lp ---\ mls iqfyl dh onhZ D;ksa pkfg,\¸ nknh us iwNkA
¶mlosQ firk iqfyl vèkh{kd gSaA og ;gk¡ dh iqfyl osQ lcls cM+ s vI+kQlj
gSaA¸ nknh dkI+kQh izHkkfor gqb±A ¶mudk lp esa dkI+kQh cM+ k nÝ+rj gksxkA¸ mUgksaus
dgkA fiQj mUgksaus mu fnuksa dh dgkuh lqukuh 'kq: dh tc LokehukFku osQ nknk
jkScnkj lc&eftLVªsV Fks] ftuosQ nÝ+rj esa iqfylokys dk¡irs gq, [kM+ s jgrs FksA
muls Mjdj [kw[¡ kkj ls [kw[¡ kkj MkowQ rd Hkkx [kM+ s gksrs FksA LokehukFku
vèkhj gksdj mldh dgkuh [kRe gksus dk bar”kkj djus yxk
ysfdu nknh cksyrh gh xb±] bèkj&mèkj HkVdrh
gqbZ vkSj vyx&vyx le; ij ?kVh
?kVukvksa dks xaea djrh gqbZA

103
 ¶cl dkI+kQh gS nknh¸ mlus :[ks Loj esa
dgk] ¶eSa rqEgsa jkte osQ ckjs esa oqQN crkuk
pkgrk gw¡A tkurh gks] mls xf.kr esa fdrus uacj
feyrs gSa\¸
¶lkjs uacj feyrs gksaxsA gS u\¸ nknh us iwNkA
¶vjs ugha] mls lkS esa ls uCcs feyrs gSaA¸
¶pyks vPNk gS ysfdu rqEgsa Hkh esgur
djosQ mldh rjg uacj ysus pkfg, --- rqEgsa irk
gS rqEgkjs nknk dHkh&dHkh ,sls mÙkj fy[krs Fks
fd ijh{kdksa dks Hkh pfdr dj nsrs FksA fdlh loky dk tokc nsus esa os nwljksa
osQ eqdkcys nlok¡ fgLlk oDr ysrs FksA vkSj fiQj muosQ tokc brus 'kkunkj
gksrs Fks fd dHkh&dHkh muosQ vè;kid mUgsa nks lkS uacj rd ns nsrs FksA--- tc
mUgksaus ,e-,- fd;k rks mUgsa bruk cM+ k eSMy feyk FkkA eSa dbZ lkyksa rd mls
xys esa igurh jghA irk ugha] eSaus dc mls mrkjk ---A gk¡] tc rqEgkjh cqvk
iSnk gqb± ---A ugha] rqEgkjh cqvk ugha] rqEgkjs firkA ;kn vk;k] rc cPpk nl fnu
dk FkkA vjs ugha] eSaus igys Bhd dgk FkkA rqEgkjh cqvk gh iSnk gqb± FkhaA irk
gS] og eSMy vc dgk¡ gS\ eSaus og rqEgkjh cqvk dks fn;k vkSj ml csoowQI+kQ
us mls xyokdj pkj pwfM+ ;k¡ cuok yhaA vkSj og Hkh bruh ekewyh&lh pwfM+;k¡
fd---A eSa ges'kk dgrh jgh gw¡ fd gekjs ifjokj esa ml tSlk egkew[kZ dksbZ
ugha] vkSj---A¸
¶vc cl Hkh djks nknh! rqe csdkj dh iqjkuh dgkfu;k¡ lqukrh jgrh gksA
D;k rqe jkte osQ ckjs esa ugha lquuk pkgrh\¸
¶gk¡] gk¡] cksyksA¸
¶nknh] tc jkte NksVk&lk yM+ dk Fkk rks mlus 'ksj ekjk FkkA¸
¶lp\ cM+ k cgknqj yM+ dk gSA¸
¶rqe ;g ckr eq>s [kq'k djus osQ fy, dg jgh gksA rqEgsa ;dhu ugha gv q k
gksxkA¸ LokehukFku us cM+ s mRlkg ls dgkuh 'kq: dh] ¶jkte osQ firk ,d
taxy esa Msjk Mkys gq, FksA jkte muosQ lkFk FkkA vpkud nks 'ksj mu ij >iVs
vkSj ,d us ihNs ls geyk djosQ firk dks fxjk fn;kA nwljs us jkte dk ihNk
104
fd;kA jkte ,d >kM+ h osQ ihNs Nqi x;k vkSj ogha ls xksyh pykdj 'ksj dks
ekj MkykA nknh! D;k rqe lks xbZ\¸ mlus dgkuh [kRe gksus ij iwNkA
¶ugha csVk] lqu jgh gw¡A¸
¶vPNk crkvks] fdrus 'ksj vk, Fks\¸
¶nks 'ksj jkte ij >iVs FksA¸ nknh us tokc fn;kA
LokehukFku nknh osQ xyr tokc ls fp<+ x;kA ¶eSa rqEgsa bruh T+k:jh
ckrsa crk jgk gw¡ vkSj rqe uhan esa u tkus D;k&D;k mQytywy dYiuk fd,
tk jgh gksA vc eSa rqEgsa oqQN ugha crkm¡QxkA eSa tkurk gw¡] rqe D;ksa ,slk
dj jgh gksA rqe jkte dks ilan ugha djrhaA¸
¶ugha] ugha] og rks cgqr I;kjk yM+dk gSA¸ nknh us cM+s fo'okl ls dgk]
mlus jkte dks ns[kk rd ugha FkkA LokehukFku [kq'k gks x;kA nwljs gh {k.k
mlosQ eu esa ,d u;k lansg iSnk gqvkA ¶nknh] 'kk;n rqEgsa 'ksj dh dgkuh ij
fo'okl ugha gks jgk gSA¸
¶eSa ,d&,d 'kCn ij fo'okl djrh gw¡]¸ nknh us Loj esa feBkl Hkjdj
dgkA LokehukFku dks blls [kq'kh gqbZ] ysfdu mlus psrkouh osQ rkSj ij tksM+k]
¶tks Hkh mls >wBk dgsxk og mls xksyh ekj nsxkA¸
nknh us bldk leFkZu fd;k vkSj gfj'panz dh dgkuh lqukus dh ckr dgh
ftlus opu dk ikyu djus osQ fy, ¯lgklu] iRuh vkSj cPps dks [kks fn;k
vkSj var esa mls lc oqQN okil fey x;kA mlus dgkuh vkèkh gh lqukbZ Fkh
fd LokehukFku [kjkZVs ysus yxkA nknh Hkh #d&#ddj cksyus yxha] fiQj og
Hkh lks xb±A
vkj- osQ- ukjk;.k
vuqokn&eLrjke diwj

105
dgkuh ls
1- ¶lp\ jkte cM+k cgknqj yM+dk gSA¸ Lokeh dks D;ksa yxk fd nknh us ;g ckr mls [kq'k
djus osQ fy, dgh\
2- eSMy ls pwfM+;k¡ cuok ysus ij nknh us cqvk dks egkew[kZ D;ksa ekuk\
3- ikB osQ vkèkkj ij nknh ;k Lokeh osQ LoHkko] vknrksa vkfn osQ ckjs esa rqEgsa D;k irk
pyrk gS\ fdlh ,d osQ ckjs esa nl&ckjg okD;ksa esa fy[kksA
rqEgkjh le> ls
1- Lokeh us jkte dks ^m¡Qph phT+k* ekukA D;k rqe Lokeh dh jk; ls lger gks\ vius mÙkj
osQ dkj.k fy[kksA
2- Lokeh dk viuh nknh osQ lkFk oSQlk fj'rk Fkk\ rhu&pkj okD;ksa esa fy[kksA
dgkuh vkSj rqe
1- (d) ¶LokehukFku osQ nknk jkScnkj lc&eftLVªsV FksA¸
fdlh O;fDr dk jkSc fdu ckrksa ls irk pyrk gS\
([k) D;k rqEgkjs vkl&ikl dksbZ jkScnkj O;fDr gS\ 'kCnksa osQ T+kfj, mldk [kkdk [khapksA
2- ¶LokehukFku nknh osQ ikl --- cgqr izlUu vkSj lqjf{kr eglwl dj jgk FkkA¸
rqe dc vlqjf{kr eglwl djrh gks\
3- rqe bu gkykr esa oSQlk eglwl djrh gks —
(d) nksLr osQ ?kj esa ([k) tc rqe igyh ckj fdlh osQ ?kj tkrh gks (x) jsyxkM+h ;k
cl esa fdlh lI+kQj ij (?k) tc rqe eq[;kè;kid osQ dejs esa tkrh gks
irk djks
1- lc&eftLVªsV dkSu gksrk gS\ D;k og iqfyl foHkkx esa gksrk gS\
2- rqEgkjk ?kj ;k LowQy fdl Fkkus esa vkrk gS\ Fkkus esa dkSu&dkSu ls in gksrs gSa\ mu
O;fDr;ksa osQ uke Hkh irk djks tks bu inksa ij gSAa uhps nh xbZ rkfydk esa bdêòk dh xbZ
tkudkjh dks n”kZ djksA
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Fkkus dk uke&
in O;fDr dk uke
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

106
nknh dk cDlk
¶mldk (nknh) lkeku Fkkμik¡p nfj;k¡] rhu pknjas ----
ydM+h dk ,d NksVk cDlk ftlesa rk¡cs osQ flDosQ]
byk;ph] ykSax vkSj lqikjh iM+s jgrs FksA¸
1- nknh vius cDls esa byk;ph] ykSax vkSj lqikjh D;ksa
j[krh gksaxh\
2- D;k rqEgkjs ?kj esa budk bLrseky gksrk gS\ fdl&fdl
rjg ls gksrk gS\
3- rk¡cs osQ flDosQ cukus osQ fy, fdl&fdl èkkrq dk
bLrseky gksrk gS\
4- flDosQ dkSu&dkSu lh èkkrq osQ cus gks ldrs gSa\
'kCnksa dh ckr
uhps igys LraHk osQ js[kkafdr fo'ks"k.kksa vkSj nwljs LraHk osQ 'kCnksa dk okD; esa iz;ksx djksA rqe
,d ls vfèkd okD;ksa dk lgkjk Hkh ys ldrh gksA
mQytywy dYiuk psrkouh
:[kk Loj feBkl
[kw¡[kkj MkowQ leFkZu

uhps dgkuh ls oqQN okD;ksa osQ va'k fn, x, gSaA buesa ftu 'kCnksa osQ uhps js[kk ¯[kph gS]
mudk ¯yx igpkuks vkSj fy[kksA

iqfyl dh onhZ dkI+kQh cM+k nÝ+rj

rk¡cs osQ flDosQ vius lkjs lkeku
nlok¡ fgLlk ml tSlk egkew[kZ

107
 jkeckcw
xksyw ns[kks ;g f[kM+dh dk
'kh'kk fdruk xank gks x;k gS
ckgj fcYoqQy fn[kkbZ
ugha nsrkA

eSa FkksM+h nsj osQ fy, vjs ;g rks lkI+kQ vf/d rkdr
ckgj tk jgk gw¡ rc gh ugha gks jgk yxkuh iM+sxhA
rd rqe bls lkI+kQ
dj nks

okg xksyw rqeus rks 'kh'kk fcYoqQy pedk ugha] iwjh

pedk fn;kA ckgj Hkh lkiQ rjg lkI+kQ dj
fn[kkbZ iM+ jgk gSA fn;kA

<Ccw th vkfcn lqjrh

esjs ikik us cI+kZQ osQ igkM+ dk ,d ,slk ;g rks oqQN Hkh ugha-- esjs ikik us ,d vkneh dk ,slk [kjk
[kjk fp=k cuk;k gS fd mls ns[k dj fp=k cuk;k gS fd gesa gj nwljs fnu
yksxksa osQ nkar BaM ls ctus yxrs gSa-- mldh nk<+h cukuh iM+rh gS---

108
108
 jkeckcw
xksyw ckT+kkj ls gjh
lCt+h ys vkvks

yks csVsA iSls yhft,A

vjs! gjh lCth lCth bl xk; osQ

D;ksa ugha yk,--\ isV esa gSA

<Ccw th vkfcn lqjrh

vkt dk [kkuk bruk yT+kht gS fd vxj ,d yqdek vkSj dksbZ bUgsa ,d yîó™ vkSj ns nksA
[kk yw¡xk rks 'kk;n eSa Hkk"k.k nsus osQ dkfcy ugha jgw¡xk---

109
109
 vkl&ikl

110
 vkl&ikl

dHkh fdlh ubZ vkSj vPNh ckr dks le>us osQ fy, ,dkèk dfBu
'kCn Hkh tku ysus esa e”kk vkrk gSA i;kZoj.k ,d ,slk gh 'kCn gSA
gekjs fcYoqQy vkl&ikl vkSj [kwc nwj&nwj tks oqQN Hkh gS] mldk
cgrq &lk Hkkx] cgrq &lh ph”ksa] mldh cgrq &lh ckrsa blh ,d
'kCn esa lek tk,¡xhA feêðh] ikuh] gok] unh] rky&ryS;k] leqnz]
igkM+] isM+&ikSèks] taxy] taxy esa jgus okys i'kq&i{kh] taxy ls
ckgj xk¡o esa 'kgjksa esa jgus okys ge&;g lc oqQN i;kZoj.k tSls
NksVs&ls 'kCn esa vk tkrk gSA
ge bl cgqr gh cM+s pkjksa rji+Q iSQys i;kZoj.k dk ,d
fcYoqQy NksVk&lk Hkkx Hkj gSaA ij NksVk&lk fgLlk gksrs g,q Hkh
geus bl i;kZoj.k dks fcxkM+uk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA gekjk i;kZoj.k
fcxM+sxk rks ge lc ij Hkh bldk vlj vPNk ugha gksxkA blhfy,
i;kZoj.k dh ckrksa dks gesa vius fo|ky;ksa esa] vius ?kj esa Hkh
èkhjs&èkhjs le>uk pkfg,A
;g Hkkx gekjs i;kZoj.k dks le>us dh ,d 'kq#vkr gSA blesa
fn, x, ikB gekjs fy, ,d njok”kk [kksyrs gSa μ bl njok”ks ls
ckgj fudydj ge vkSj dbZ ubZ ckrsa] tkudkfj;k¡ [kqn Hkh
lh[k losaQxsA
ck?k vk;k ml jkr dfork esa gekjs ifjokj dh rjg ck?k osQ
ifjokj dh ckr vkbZ gSA ij bèkj gekjs taxyksa dk ;g jktk xk;c
gks pyk gSA ck?kksa dk vkSj ouksa esa jgus okys nwljs thoksa dk f'kdkj
euk gSA fiQj Hkh pksjh&fNis bu ck?kksa dks ekjk tk jgk gSA budks
cpkus osQ fy, D;k dksf'k'k gks jgh gS] bl ckjs esa Hkh gesa lkspuk
pkfg,A ,f'k;kbZ 'ksj osQ fy, ehBh xksfy;k¡ ikB gesa crkrk gS fd
'ksj Hkh dHkh chekj iM+ ldrk gS vkSj rc mldh ns[kHkky mlh
rjg djuh iM+rh gS] ftl rjg chekj iM+us ij ge viuh
ns[kHkky djrs gSaA

111
 fdlh Hkh i{kh dks ekjus ls ”;knk cgknqjh rks mls cpkus esa gSA
fc'ku dh fnysjh ikB bl ckr dk mnkgj.k gSA
ikuh js ikuh esa typØ dh fdrkch ckr dks vkxs c<+kdj
vdky vkSj ck<+ dh ifjfLFkfr dks le>k;k x;k gSA blls gesa gj
txg iSQy jgs ty&ladV dks le>us vkSj mls lqy>kus dk Hkh
jkLrk feyrk gSA
NksVh&lh gekjh unh dfork unh vkSj mlls tqM+s gekjs thou
dh ,d lqanj >yd fn[kkrh gSA ysfdu vkt rks gekjs 'kgjksa dk]
dkj[kkuksa dk xank ikuh NksVh&cM+h lc ufn;ksa esa fey jgk gS vkSj
mUgsa cckZn dj jgk gSA bl dfork osQ dfo johaæukFk BkoqQj osQ
iq'rSuh ?kj vkSj muosQ cpiu dh >yd gesa tksM+klkadks okyk
?kj uked ikB esa feyrh gSA
pqukSrh fgeky; dh ikB gesa ci+ZQ ls <osQ ,sls m¡Qps igkM+ ij
p<+krk pyk tkrk gS] tgk¡ vkB dne pyuk Hkh cgqr dfBu gks
tkrk gSA ysfdu ;gk¡ Hkh thou rks pyrk gh gSA isM+ksa ls gekjk
thou dbZ Lrjksa ij tqM+k gSA bl xgjs fj'rs dh ckr ge D;k
mxkrs gSa dfork esa mBkbZ xbZ gSA
bu ikBksa esa gesa gkFkh] 'ksj] rhrj] unh] ci+ZQ] isM+ vkSj u tkus
D;k&D;k feysxkA ysfdu i;kZoj.k dk ;g njok”kk ,d ckj [kqy
tk, rks ge bu ckrksa ls Hkh vkxs c<+dj xk;c gks pqosQ Mk;uklkSjksa
rd dks [kkst losaQxsA brus cM+s] yacs] pkSM+s tkuoj ;fn èkjrh ls
xk;c gks ldrs gSa rks gesa FkksM+k Bgjdj ;g Hkh lkspuk iMs+xk fd
i;kZoj.k dh csdæh djus ij D;k ge lc Hkh cp ik,¡xs\

112
112
14 ck?k vk;k ml jkr
¶oks bèkj ls fudyk
mèkj pyk x;k ¿¿¸
oks vk¡[ksa iSQykdj
cryk jgk Fkkμ
¶gk¡ ckck] ck?k vk;k ml jkr]
vki jkr dks ckgj u fudyks!
tkus dc ck?k fiQj ls vk tk,!¸
¶gk¡] oks gh h h! oks gh tks
ml >jus osQ ikl jgrk gS
ogk¡ viu fnu osQ oDr
x, Fks u ,d jks”k\
ck?k mèkj gh rks jgrk gS
ckck] mlosQ nks cPps gSa
ckf?ku lkjk fnu igjk nsrh gS
ck?k ;k rks lksrk gS
;k cPpksa ls [ksyrk gS ---¸
nwljk ckyd cksykμ
¶ck?k dgha dke ugha djrk
u fdlh nÝ+rj esa
u dkWyst esa ¿¿¸
NksVw cksykμ
¶LowQy esa Hkh ugha ---¸
ik¡p&lkyk csVw us
gesa fiQj ls vkxkg fd;k
¶vc jkr dks ckgj gksdj ckFk:e u tkuk!¸
ukxktZuq
113
ckr&ckr esa
¶oks bèkj ls fudyk] mèkj pyk x;k¸
(d) ;g ckr dkSu fdls crk jgk gksxk\
([k) rqEgsa ;g mÙkj dfork dh fdu iafDr;ksa ls irk pyk\
[+kcj rsanq, dh
(d) d{kk 2 dh fjef>e esa v[kckj esa Nik ,d lekpkj fn;k x;k gSA lkFk esa ml lekpkj
osQ vk/kj ij fy[kh ,d dgkuh Hkh nh xbZ gSA mls ,d ckj fiQj ls i<+ksA
([k) vc ^ck?k vk;k ml jkr* dfork osQ vk/kj ij ,d ^lekpkj* fy[kksA
(x) rsanq, vkSj ck?k esa D;k varj gS\ irk djksA bl dke osQ fy, rqe cM+ksa ls ckrphr Hkh
dj ldrs gksA
ml jkr
bl dfork esa ,d ,slh jkr dh ckr dh xbZ gS ftl jkr dks oqQN vuks[kh ?kVuk ?kVh FkhA
(d) ml jkr dks dkSu&lh vuwBh ckr gqbZ Fkh\
([k) rqEgkjs fopkj ls D;k lpeqp ;g ckr vuwBh gS\ D;ksa\
(x) ml jkr dks vkSj D;k&D;k gqvk gksxk\ vius lkfFk;ksa ls ckrphr djosQ fy[kksA
ck?k osQ dke
¶ck?k dgha dke ugha djrk] u fdlh nÝ+rj esa] u dkWyst esa¸
ck?k fnu Hkj D;k&D;k djrk gksxk\ dgk¡&dgk¡
tkrk gksxk\ vius lkfFk;ksa osQ lkFk feydj tkudkjh
,df=kr djksA fiQj ppkZ djosQ ml ij ,d fp=kkRed
iqLrd rS;kj djksA bls rqe vius iqLrdky; esa Hkh
j[k ldrs gksA

114
vk¡[ksa iSQykdj
oks b/j ls fudyk m/j pyk x;k
oks vk¡[ksa iSQykdj cryk jgk FkkA
uhps vk¡[k ls tqM+s oqQN vkSj eqgkojs fn, x, gSa] okD;ksa esa budk bLrseky djksA
vk¡[k yxuk vk¡[k fn[kkuk
vk¡[k ew¡nuk vk¡[k cpkuk

vk¡[ksa Hkj vkuk flj&vk¡[kksa ij cSBkuk

'kCnksa dh nqfu;k
(d) ik¡p lkyk csVw us gesa fiQj ls vkxkg fd;kA ^vkxkg fd;k* dk eryc D;k gks ldrk
gS\
• lpsr fd;k

• euksjatu fd;k

• crk;k

• le>k;k
([k) dfork esa buesa ls dkSu&lk Hkko >ydrk gS\
(x) fdu&fdu iafDr;ksa@'kCnksa ls ;s Hkko O;Dr gks jgs gSa\
• vk'p;Z

• Mj

• vfo'okl

115
(?k) tc ge dfork osQ ”kfj, dksbZ ckr dgrs gSa rks vke rkSj ij 'kCnksa osQ Øe dks
cny nsrs gSaA
• tSls dfork dk 'kh"kZd ¶ck?k vk;k ml jkr¸ x| esa ¶ml jkr ck?k vk;k¸ gksxkA
,slk D;ksa fd;k tkrk gksxk\
• bl fdrkc dh nwljh dfork,¡ Hkh i<+ks vkSj 'kCnksa osQ Øe esa vk, cnyko ij xkSj
djksA ,sls gh oqQN okD;ksa dh lwph Hkh cukvksA
• D;k 'kCnksa osQ Øe esa cnyko v[+kckj dh [+kcjksa esa Hkh vkrk gS\ uhps cus dksykt
dks ns[kks vkSj crkvksA

116
 j osQ fy, ehBh xksfy;k¡
,f'k;kbZ 'ks
ubZ fnYyh% ?kk?kl ,d ,f'k;kbZ
'ksj fpfdRlk dh nqfu;k dk ,d
thrk tkxrk peRdkj cu x;kA
cpus dh dksbZ mEehn u gksus ij
Hkh vkt og ¯t+nk gS vkSj igys
dh rjg xjtrk gSA
?kk?kl dks vDVwcj 2004
dks fnYyh osQ fpfM+ ;k?kj esa yk;k
x;k FkkA og fpf M+ ;k?kj os Q
ekgkSy esa vPNh rjg ls je
+
x;k FkkA 15 ekpZ dks mlus jkst
dh rjg viuk [kkuk iwjk ugha
[kk;kA fpfM+ ;k?kj osQ MkWDVjksa us
bl ckr ij è;ku nsrs gq, mls
rhu fnu rd yxkrkj lqbZ yxkbZA
ij blls mls dksbZ iQk;nk u
ne
gvq k] vc rks mlus [kkuk ,d
NksM+ gh fn;k Fkk vkSj eq¡g ls
ykj Hkh cgus yxh FkhA
?kk?kl dh fxjrh gbq Z gkyr
ns[k mlosQ [kwu osQ uewus tk¡p osQ
fy, Hksts x,A gkyk¡fd bl chp
?kk?kl us FkksM+k cgqr rks [kkuk
'kq: dj gh fn;k Fkk ij mldh lHkh yksx ¯pfrr gks x,A
fxuus osQ vykok
gkyr Bhd ugha dgh tk ldrh
FkhA gkyr ,slh gks xbZ Fkh fd vc fnu
Hkh yxk Fkk vkSj dksbZ pkjk u Fkk
og vius fiNys iSjksa ls y¡xM+ kus
fnYyh osQ fpfM+;k?kj tjkr osQ oU;tho
Bhd ls [kM+k Hkh ugha gks ik jgk FkkA ?kk?kl dh ;g n'kk ns[kdj geus xq
¶,d eghus ckn rks fo'ks"kKksa ls ;g lkspdj lykg ysus dk fu.kZ; fd;k fd
osQ funs'kd Mh-,u- ¯lg us crk;k a]
r ;g gks xbZ fd ?kk? kl vius 'kjhj dk fiNyk fgLlk ¯lg Hkkjr esa flI+kZQ xqtjkr osQ fxj taxyksa eas ik, tkrs gS
gky
s fu;fer :i ls fn, 'kk;n os gh dksbZ jkg lq>k losaQA¸ flag us vkxs crk;k
mBkus esa vleFkZ gks x;kA geus ml
j fpdu [kkus osQ fy, xqtjkr osQ ize[q k oU;tho laj{kd us mUgas vk.kan osQ MkWDVj
tkus okys ek¡l osQ LFkku ij eVu vkS
vlj gv q k vkSj ?kk?kl vkj-th- tkuh ls laioZQ djus dk lq>ko fn;kA
fn;kA [kkus esa fd, x, cnyko dk osQ ckn MkW tkuh us
;k tks fd ,d vPNk ?kk?kl osQ bykt dh fjiksVZ ns[kus
us 70&80 izfr'kr rd [kkuk [kk
esa dksbZ lq/kj uT+kj ugha mls gksE;ksiSFkh nokb;k¡ nsus dh lykg nhA gksE;ksiSFkh bykt
laosQr FkkA gkyk¡fd mldh gkyr
?kk?kl dh gkyr lq/juh
vk jgk FkkA 'kq: gksus osQ nks ekg osQ Hkhrj gh
ks"k fpfdRldh; 'kq: gks xbZ vkSj vc og vius pkjksa iSjksa ij [kM+k gks ik
?kk?kl dks bykt osQ fy, nwljs fo'
a dkbs Z dkrs kgh ugha cjrh jgk FkkA ;g ckr gS 3 vxLr dh ;kuh fd iwjs Ng ekg
fiatjs esa j[kk x;kA mlosQ bykt es +
ml os Q 'kj hj dh Hkki ls ¯ld kbZ Hkh dh tkrh og rdyhI+kQ esa jgkA chekjh dh oT+kg ls og cgqr deTkksj
tk jgh Fkh]
rjg ls ysus yx x;k gks x;k gS ij gkykr esa vHkh lq/kj gSA
Fkh vkSj vc og Hkkstu Hkh vPNh
h gqbZ FkhA fpfM+ ;k?kj osQ
Fkk ij gkyr mldh oSlh gh cu
117
15 fc'ku dh fnysjh
lqcg dk le; FkkA igkM+ksa osQ ihNs ls lwjt >k¡d jgk FkkA
nl o"kZ dk fc'ku ?kj ls ckgj fudy vk;kA og jks”k blh
le;] blh jkLrs ls duZy nÙkk osQ I+kQkeZ gkml ij tkrk gSA
duZy nÙkk dh iRuh i<+kbZ esa mldh enn djrh gSaA I+kQkeZ
ls yxs lscksa osQ ckx esa dhVuk'kd nok dk fNM+ dko gks
jgk Fkk vkSj cgqr rM+ osQ dke 'kq: gks tkrk FkkA
fc'ku ixMa Mh ls vHkh lM+ d rd vk gh jgk Fkk fd
mls xksyh pyus dh vkokt+ lqukbZ nhA mlus bèkj&mèkj
ns[kk] dksbZ Hkh fn[kkbZ ugha fn;kA og oqQN gh nwj pyk
Fkk fd mls fiQj xksyh pyus dh vkokt+ lqukbZ nhA bl
ckj ,d ugha] nks&rhu xksfy;k¡ ,d lkFk gh pyh FkhaA
xksfy;ksa dh vkokt+ ls iwjh ?kkVh xw¡t xbZA iaNh ?kcjk
x,A vkleku esa xksy&xksy pDdj dkVus yxsA
fc'ku lgedj isM+ksa dh vkM+ esa fNidj [kM+ k
gks x;kA
fc'ku tgk¡ [kM+ k Fkk] ogha pqipki [kM+ k jgkA
mls ogk¡ ls lh<+ huqek [ksr vkSj iQyksa osQ ckx
lkI+kQ fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA [ksrksa esa dke djrs gq,
fdlku Hkh fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA I+kQly rS;kj
[kM+ h FkhA lqcg dh gYdh èkwi esa [ksr
lqugjs fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA fc'ku vHkh lksp
gh jgk Fkk fd xksyh fdlus vkSj D;ksa
pykbZ gksxh fd rHkh ,d vkSj xksyh dh
vkokt+ vkbZA ,dk,d fc'ku dks xksyh pyus dk
dkj.k le> esa vk x;kA tc iQly id tkrh gS
118
rc xsgw¡ osQ [ksrksa esa nkuk pqxus <sjksa rhrj vk tkrs gSaA
f'kdkjh bl ckr dks tkurs gSaA blfy, os lqcg&lqcg
gh rhrj ekjus pys vkrs gSAa fiNys lky Hkh f'kdkfj;ksa
us blh rjg cgqr ls rhrj ekjs FksA oqQN rhrj rks os
mBk ys x,] ckdh dks ogha NksM+ x,A [ksrksa dks dkVrs
le; fdlkuksa dks cgqr ls ejs vkSj t+[eh rhrj feysA
fc'ku us lkspk] ¶fdruk nq[k igq¡pkus okyk dke
djrs gSa ;s f'kdkjh!¸ og le> x;k fd f'kdkjh gh
rhrjksa ij xksfy;k¡ pyk jgs gSaA blfy, og isM+ksa osQ chp ls fudydj [ksrksa
osQ fdukjs&fdukjs pyus yxkA og pyrs&pyrs lksp jgk Fkk fd bu f'kdkfj;ksa
dks lcd fl[kk;k tkuk pkfg,A ysfdu mUgsa oSQls lcd fl[kk;k tk,] ;g
mldh le> esa ugha vk jgk FkkA rHkh mlosQ ik¡o osQ ikl ljljkgV&lh gqbZA
mlus ns[kk ,d ?kk;y rhrj xsg¡w dh ckfy;ksa osQ chp i¡Qlk NViVk jgk gSA
fc'ku ogha ?kqVuksa osQ cy cSB x;k mlus ?kk;y rhrj dks idM+ us osQ fy, gkFk
c<+k;k] ysfdu ?kcjk;k gqvk rhrj fNVddj [ksr osQ vkSj vanj pyk x;kA
fc'ku tkurk Fkk fd f'kdkjh bl rhrj dks <w¡<+ ugha ik,¡xs vkSj ?kk;y rhrj
;gha rM+ i&rM+ idj ej tk,xkA mlus LosVj mrkjk vkSj ekSdk ns[kdj rhrj ij
Mky fn;kA rhrj
LosVj esa i¡Ql x;k
rks fc'ku us mls
idM+ fy;kA fc'ku
us mls vius lhus
ls fpidk fy;k vkSj
[ksr esa ls fudydj
igkM+ h dh vks j
Hkkxus yxkA og
bruk rst+ py jgk
Fkk ekuks mlosQ ia[k
yx x, gksaA

119
 duZy nÙkk osQ ?kj osQ jkLrs esa ,d rjI+kQ xsgw¡ osQ
[ksr Fks vkSj nwljh rjI+kQ o¡QVhys rkjksa dh
ckM+ A fc'ku oSls rks o¡QVhys rkjksa dh
ckM+ esa ls gksdj fudy ldrk Fkk]
ijarq bl le; og nksuksa gkFkksa ls rhrj
dks idM+ s gq, FkkA rhrj dks l¡Hkkyuk
cgqr ”k:jh FkkA blfy, og [ksrksa osQ lkFk&lkFk fNi&fNidj pyus yxk rkfd
f'kdkjh mls ns[k u ysaA
og oqQN gh nwj x;k fd ihNs ls Hkkjh&lh vkokt+ vkbZ] ¶yM+ osQ] #d tk]
ugha rks eSa xksyh ekj nw¡xkA¸
ysfdu fc'ku ugha #dkA og pqipki pyrk jgkA
¶#drk gS ;k ugha\¸ ml vkneh us nqckjk fpYykdj dgkA rc rd fc'ku
o¡QVhys rkjksa osQ ikl vk x;k FkkA mldk fny rst+h ls èkM+ dus yxkA vkxs c<+uk
eqf'dy yx jgk FkkA ysfdu fiQj Hkh og #dk ugha vkSj u gh mlus dksbZ
tokc fn;kA
rHkh fc'ku dks Hkkjh&Hkjde twrksa dh vkokt+ lqukbZ nh] tks rs”kh ls mlosQ
ikl vkrh tk jgh FkhA ihNs ls vk jgk f'kdkjh xqLls esa ”kksj&”kksj ls fpYyk
jgk Fkk] ¶eSa rq>s ns[k yw¡xk] rw esjk f'kdkj pqjkdj ugha ys tk ldrk!¸
fc'ku osQ fy, vkxs fudy Hkkxus dk jkLrk ugha FkkA vxj og lM+ d ls
tkrk rks f'kdkjh dks lkI+kQ fn[kkbZ ns tkrkA blfy, mlus [ksrksa osQ NksVs jkLrs
ls tkuk r; fd;kA [ksrksa ls vkxs osQ jkLrs esa dk¡Vsnkj >kfM+;k¡ FkhaA fc'ku mlh
jkLrs ij ?kqVuksa osQ cy pyus yxkA cgqr l¡Hkydj pyus ij Hkh mlosQ
gkFk&ik¡o ij dk¡Vksa dh cgqr&lh [kjksapsa mHkj vkb±A [kjksapksa ls [kwu Hkh fudyus
yxkA mldh deht+ dh ,d vkLrhu Hkh iQV xbZA og tkurk Fkk fd deht+
iQVus ij mls ek¡ ls Mk¡V [kkuh iM+ sxhA ij fc'ku dks bl ckr dk larks"k Fkk
fd og vc rd rhrj dh tku cpkus esa dke;kc jgkA >kM+ h ls ckgj vkdj
og lkspus yxk fd oSQls igkM+ h osQ dksus&ls fiQlydj uhps igq¡pk tk,] ysfdu
ml dksus esa ?kkl cgqr ”;knk Fkh vkSj vksl osQ dkj.k fiQlyu HkhA fc'ku
Fkddj ogha ,d fdukjs cSB x;kA vHkh og cSBk gh Fkk fd mls ik¡oksa dh vkgV
120
lqukbZ nhA vkgV lqurs gh og mBdj nkSM+ iM+ kA nkSM+rs&nkSM+rs og vkèkh igkM+ h
ikj dj pqdk FkkA mlosQ diM+ s ilhus ls rj&c&rj gks x,] fiQj Hkh og #dk
ugha vkSj fdlh rjg duZy nÙkk osQ I+kQkeZ gkml osQ fiNokM+ s igq¡p gh x;kA
fiNokM+ s njok”kk [kqyk FkkA mlus rkM+ osQ isM+ dk lgkjk fy;k vkSj I+kQkeZ gkml
osQ vanj igq¡p x;kA rhrj dks og cM+ h lkoèkkuh osQ lkFk vius lhus ls yxk,
gq, FkkA
I+kQkeZ gkml esa [kkeks'kh FkhA cl] jlksbZ ?kj ls izs'kj oqQdj dh lhVh dh
vkokt+ vk jgh FkhA eq£x;k¡ vHkh vius nM+cs esa Fkha vkSj xqykc pan lkeus dk
cjkenk lkI+kQ dj jgk FkkA
vpkud duZy lkgc dk vYlsf'k;u oqQÙkk t+ksj&t+ksj ls HkkSadus yxkA og
fdlh vtuch dks ns[kdj gh bl rjg HkkSd a rk gSA fc'ku le> x;k fd f'kdkjh
bèkj gh vk jgs gSaA
mlus bèkj&mèkj ns[kk rkfd og rhrj dks dgha vPNh rjg ls fNik losQA
,d vksj 'ksM osQ uhps cgqr lkjk dckM+ iM+ k FkkA mlh esa ,d VwVh Vksdjh fc'ku
dks fn[kkbZ ns xbZA ¶;s Bhd gS¸ lksprs gq, mlus rhrj dks Vksdjh esa j[kdj
LosVj ls <d fn;kA ?kk;y rhrj ?kcjk;k gqvk Fkk blfy, og pqipki iM+ k
jgkA rhrj dks Nqikus osQ ckn fc'ku us lkspk fd vc ckgj pydj ns[kuk
pkfg,A ij og f'kdkfj;ksa osQ lkeus Hkh ugha iM+ uk pkgrk Fkk] blfy, mlus
Nr ij p<+ dj cSBuk Bhd le>kA fcuk lh<+ h osQ Nr ij p<+ uk mlosQ fy,
cgqr vklku dke FkkA og vdlj bl 'ksM dh <yok¡ Nr osQ lgkjs mQij
p<+ tkrk FkkA fc'ku ydM+ h osQ [kaHks ij canj dh rjg Nyk¡x yxkdj yVd
x;k vkSj mQij dh vksj f[kldrs&f[kldrs Nr ij tk igq¡pkA [kijSy dh
<ykonkj Nr Fkh] blfy, og fpeuh osQ ihNs fNidj cSB x;k rkfd og
fdlh vkSj dks fn[kkbZ u ns] ysfdu og Lo;a lc oqQN ns[k losQA mlus ns[kk
fd nks f'kdkjh bèkj gh pys vk jgs gSa vkSj mudks ns[kdj duZy lkgc dk
vYlsf'k;u oqQÙkk t+ksj&t+ksj ls HkkSad jgk gSA
duZy us oqQÙks dks Mk¡Vk] ¶pqi jgksA¸ ij og u ekukA fiNys nksuksa ik¡oksa ij
[kM+s gks og mNy&mNydj HkkSadus yxkA
os nksuksa f'kdkjh djhc vk x, rks duZy us jkScnkj vkokt+ esa iwNk] ¶dkSu
121
gks rqe\ ;gk¡ fdlfy, vk, gks\¸
¶lkgc] ge f'kdkjh gSa! gj lky ;gk¡ f'kdkj osQ fy, vkrs gSaA¸
¶vPNk--- rks rqEgha yksxksa dh xksfy;ksa dh vkokt+sa xw¡t jgh Fkha lqcg ls!¸
¶th gk¡] gekjs ikl ykblsal okyh canwosaQ gSaA ljiap ekèkks ¯lg Hkh gesa
tkurk gSA¸
¶rks rqe gj lky rhrjksa dk f'kdkj djrs gks]¸ duZy us et+kd&lk mM+krs
gq, dgkA
¶th gk¡] rhrj Hkh ekj ysrs gSa dHkh&dHkhA vHkh&vHkh ,d yM+ dk gekjs
f'kdkj rhrj dks ysdj vkiosQ ;gk¡ vk fNik gS] ge mls gh <w¡<+ jgs gSaA¸
¶vPNk] rqe tks brus lkjs rhrj ekjrs gks mudk D;k djrs gks\¸ duZy lkgc
us iwNkA
¶lhèkh&lh ckr gS lkgc] [kkrs gSaA¸ nwljs f'kdkjh us tokc fn;kA fiQj oqQN
#ddj cksyk] ¶vc rks ml yM+ osQ dks <q¡<+ok nhft, lkgc! og bèkj gh dgha
Nqi x;k gSA¸
duZy nÙkk us mudh ckr ij dksbZ è;ku ugha fn;k vkSj xqLls ls dgk] ¶oSQls
gks rqe yksx] gj lky vkdj brus rhrj ekj Mkyrs gks! oqQN dks [kk ysrs gks]
vkSj ckdh dks ?kk;y djosQ ;gk¡ rM+ i&rM+ idj ejus osQ fy, NksM+ tkrs gksA
tc I+kQly dVrh gS rc <sjksa ejs g,q rhrj feyrs gSaA¸
duZy nÙkk dh ckr lqudj os nksuksa oqQN ?kcjk x,A mUgsa mEehn ugha Fkh
fd duZy bl rjg mUgsa Mk¡V nsaxsA duZy nÙkk us mUgsa bruk gh dgdj ugha
NksM+k] vkxs cksys] if{k;ksa dks ekjus vkSj mlls ”;knk mUgsa ?kk;y djosQ NksM+
tkus esa rks dksbZ cgknqjh ugha gSA vc rqe nksuksa ;gk¡ ls tk ldrs gksA ;gk¡ rqEgkjk
dksbZ rhrj&ohrj ugha gSA vc tkrs D;ksa ugha] [kM+ s D;ksa gks\
fc'ku fpeuh osQ ihNs ls lc ns[k vkSj lqu jgk FkkA os nksuksa f'kdkjh fcuk
oqQN cksys eqM+s vkSj okil py fn,A
duZy nÙkk us xqykc pan ls nokbZ fNM+ dus okyh e'khu ykus dks dgkA
rHkh fc'ku NIij ls 'ksM ij gksrk gqvk uhps owQn iM+kA mlus rhrj dks mBk
fy;k vkSj ?kj esa ?kqlrs gh ekyfdu dks iqdkjus yxk] ¶cgwth! cgwth! tYnh
vkb,] ;g cgqr ”k[eh gS] vkdj bls nsf[k,!¸
122
 fc'ku dh vkokt+ lqudj duZy nÙkk Hkh vanj tk igq¡ps vkSj cksys] ¶vPNk!
rks rhrj pqjkus okyk yM+ dk rw gh Fkk!¸
¶D;k djrk ckcw t h] bls cgq r pks V yxh gS ! vxj eS a u ykrk rks ;g
ej tkrk!¸
¶vc rw bldk D;k djsxk\¸
¶bls ikyw¡xk ckcwth]¸ fc'ku us dgkA
duZy lkgc eqLdjk fn,A mUgksaus ?kk;y rhrj dks ns[kkA mldk ,d ia[k
VwV x;k FkkA vc 'kk;n gh og mM+ losQA
¶tkvks] nokb;ksa dk cDlk ysdj vkvksA¸
fc'ku nkSM+dj cDlk ys vk;kA
duZy nÙkk us rhrj osQ iSjksa dk ”k[e lki+Q fd;kA fiQj nokbZ yxk nhA ia[k
dks iSQykdj Vsi yxk fn;k rkfd og ”;knk fgys&Mqys ughaA fiQj mUgksaus fc'ku
ls dgk] ¶fc'ku] vxj rqe bls xsans osQ iÙkksa dk jl fnu esa nks&rhu ckj
fiykvksxs rks ;g tYnh Bhd gks tk,xkA¸
rc rd cgwth ,d dVksjh esa nfy;k ys vkb± vkSj rhrj dks nfy;k f[kykrs
gq, cksyha] ¶bls jks”k nfy;k Hkh f[kykuk fc'ku] rhrj dks nfy;k cgqr ilan
gksrk gSA¸
¶rc rks ;g fc'ku osQ ihNs&ihNs gh ?kwerk jgsxk]¸ duZy us g¡lrs g,q dgkA
¶vPNk fc'ku] rqe tkurs gks rhrj oSQls cksyrk gS\¸ cgwth us iwNkA
fc'ku us vius gkFkksa dks eq¡g ij j[kdj rhrj dh vkok”k fudkyh]
¶Dokd--- Dokd--- Dokd---¸ duZy nÙkk Bgkdk ekjdj g¡l iM+ sA
cgwth Hkh eq¡g ij iYyw j[kdj
g¡lus yxhaA
fc'ku Hkh g¡lrk gqvk fgju dh rjg
Nyk¡xsa yxkrk rhrj osQ lkFk ogk¡ ls
vius ?kj dh vksj Hkkx pykA
izfrHkk ukFk

123
dgkuh ls
1- ¶th gk¡] gekjs ikl ykblsal okyh canwosaQ gSaA ljiap ekèkks¯lg Hkh gesa tkurk gSA¸
f'kdkfj;ksa us duZy lkgc ls D;k lkspdj ,slk dgk gksxk\
2- fc'ku ?kk;y rhrj dks D;ksa cpkuk pkgrk Fkk\
3- ?kk;y rhrj dks cpkus osQ fy, mls fdl rjg dh ijs'kkfu;k¡ gqbZ\
4- ?kk;y rhrj vxj rqEgsa feyk gksrk] rks D;k rqe mls ikyrs ;k vPNk gksus ij NksM+ nsrs\
D;ksa\
Hkk"kk dh ckr
1- bu okD;ksa dks vius 'kCnksa esa fy[kksμ
• lqcg dh gYdh èkwi esa [ksr lqugjs fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA
• og bruk rst+ py jgk Fkk ekuks mlosQ ia[k yx x, gksaA
2- ¶rhrj LosVj esa i¡Ql x;k rks fc'ku us mls idM+ fy;k vkSj vius lhus ls fpidk fy;k¸A
Åij fy[ks okD; esa ^mls* 'kCn dk bLrseky ^rhrj* osQ fy, fd;k x;k gSA ,d gh
laKk dk ckj&ckj bLrseky djus dh ctk; mldh txg ij oqQN [+kkl 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA ,sls 'kCnksa dks loZuke dgrs gSaA uhps fy[ks okD;ksa esa loZuke dk Bhd
:i Nk¡Vdj fy[kksA
(d) ekLVj lkgc us vIikjko dks ----------------- ikl cqykdj dgk] --------------- dy
--------------- ?kj vkukA (eSa] viuk] rqe)
([k) lsaVhyk ----------------- ?kj ukxkySaM osQ fdl 'kgj esa gS\ (rqe)
(x) lq/k us ----------------- cqvk ls iwNk] ikik ------------------- fdrus cM+s gSa\ (vki)
(?k) eksgu dks le> esa ugha vk jgk fd ----------------- D;k djuk pkfg,\ (og)
(Ä) foey us ----------------- vI+kQlj dks ;kn fnyk;k fd ----------------- pkj cts cSBd esa
tkuk gSA (vki] og)
3- bu okD;ksa dks iwjk djksμ
(d) og bruk èkhjs py jgk Fkk] ekuks ---------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) jkr esa pedrs rkjs ,sls fn[k jgs Fks] ekuks --------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) rqe rks eaxy xzg osQ ckjs esa ,sls crk jgs gks] ekuks ------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) fcYyh pwgs dks ,slh yypkbZ u”kjksa ls ns[k jgh Fkh] ekuks -------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

124
I+kQlyksa osQ bnZ&fxnZ
1- bl dgkuh esa lscksa osQ [ksr vkSj lh<+huqek [ksr dk f”kØ vk;k gSA vuqeku yxkdj crkvks fd
;g dgkuh Hkkjr osQ fdl HkkSxksfyd {ks=k dh gksxh vkSj ogk¡ lh<+huqek [ksrh D;ksa dh tkrh
gksxh\
2- ¶lscksa osQ ckx esa dhVuk'kd nok dk fNM+dko gks jgk FkkA¸
;ksa rks dhVuk'kd nok,¡ iQyks]a lfC”k;ksa vkSj vukt dh I+kQlyksa dks dhM+k yxus ls cpkrh
gS]a ij
(d) ;s dhVuk'kd nok,¡ dhM+ksa dks u"V djrh gSaA buls budk lsou djus ls D;k gesa
Hkh uqdlku gksrk gksxk\ irk djks vkSj d{kk esa ckrphr djksA
([k) ,sls esa iQyksa vkSj lfC”k;ksa dk bLrseky djus ls igys fdu ckrksa dks è;ku esa
j[kuk ”k:jh gksxk\
rqEgkjs vkl&ikl
1- duZy nÙkk us ?kk;y rhrj dks xsansa dh ifÙk;ksa dk jl fiykus osQ fy, dgkA iÙkksa dk
bLrseky dbZ dkeksa osQ fy, gksrk gSA uhps fy[kh ifÙk;ksa dk bLrseky fdlfy, gksrk gS\
rqylh uhe ehBk uhe vke
ve:n rstiÙkk osQyk lkxoku
2- ¶duZy lkgc osQ dgus ij fc'ku nkSM+dj ^nokb;ksa dk cDlk* ys vk;kA¸ bls rqe
^izkFkfed fpfdRlk ckWDl@I+kQLVZ ,M ckWDl* osQ uke ls tkurs gksaxsA
(d) bl cDls esa D;k&D;k ph”ksa gksrh gSa\
([k) bldk bLrseky dc&dc fd;k tkrk gS\
3- rqeus i;kZoj.k vè;;u esa i<+k gksxk fd igkM+h {ks=kksa esa vkerkSj ij Nrsa <ykonkj cukbZ
tkrh gSaA lkspdj crkvks fd ,slk D;ksa fd;k tkrk gSA
igkM+h bykdk
bl dgkuh esa igkM+h] ?kkVh 'kCnksa dk bLrseky gqvk gSA igkM+h bykosQ ls tqM+s gq, vkSj 'kCn
lksp dj fy[kksA tSls μ <yku] pêðku vkfnA
rhrj
1- igsyh μ rhrj osQ nks ihNs rhrj]
rhrj osQ nks vkxs rhrj]
cksyks fdrus rhrj\
2- ;gk¡ rhrj dk I+kQksVks fn;k x;k gSA xkSj ls ns[kks vkSj
mldk o.kZu djksA pkSFkh esa rqe ;g dj pqosQ gksA
3- rhrj osQ ckjs esa vkSj tkudkjh bd_k djksA tSls μ rhrj
dk ?kksalyk] og D;k [kkrk gS vkfnA

125
* jkr Hkj fcy[krs&fpa?kkM+rs jgs
mM+hlk jkT; ds flEIyhiky Vkbxj fjtoZ esa
iPphl gkfFk;ksa dk >qaM jgrk FkkA bl >qaM esa
dqN èkqbZ Hkh FkhaA ftu gfFkfu;ksa ds lkFk nqèkeq¡gs
cPps gksa mUgsa èkqbZ dgrs gSaA nk¡o yxs rks gkFkh ds
NksVs cPps dks 'ksj ekj ysrk gSA >qaM ds cM+s
nrSy vkSj cM+h gfFkfu;k¡ cPpksa dh j{kk
djrh gSaA
lfnZ;ksa esa tc ?kkl de gks tkrh gS rks
gkfFk;ksa ds cM+s >qaM dks taxy ds ,d [kaM esa
dkQ+h [kkuk ugha feyrkA os NksVh Vksfy;ksa esa
c¡V dj vyx&vyx ou[kaMksa esa pjus pys
tkrs gSaA
1988 ds fnlacj eghus dk igyk lIrkg xqt+j jgk FkkA mu fnuksa flEIyhiky
taxyksa ds gkFkh nks Vksfy;ksa esa c¡V dj ckjkdekjk&frukfèk;k lM+d ds lkFk pkSM+s esa
pj jgs FksA
,d èkqbZ nks lky dk cPpk FkkA >qaM esa lcls NksVk ;gh FkkA og ek¡ dk nwèk
pw¡?krk FkkA

126
126
 bl cPps us taxy dh ?kkl&iÙkh dks eq¡g yxkuk 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA >kfM+;ksa] isM+ksa
vkSj ixMafM;ksa dks tkuus&ifgpkuus dh LokHkkfod bPNk mlesa iSnk gks pqdh FkhA
,d lqcg og viuh Vksyh ls t+jk vyx gksdj ukys dh rjQ+ tk jgk FkkA jkr dk
nkSjk yxkus ds ckn bl bykds dk 'ksj ogha lks jgk FkkA og cPps ij >iV iM+kA cPpk
fpa?kkM+k] mldh fpa?kkM+ lqu dj lHkh gkFkh mls cpkus nkSM+sA cM+s gkfFk;ksa ds lkeus 'ksj
ugha fVdkA mls NksM+dj ukys esa pyk x;kA
'ksj dk geyk bruk t+ksjnkj Fkk fd dqN gh {k.kksa esa mlus cPps dks cqjh rjg
t+[eh dj fn;kA lcls cM+k ?kko flj ij FkkA l;kus gkFkh mls Åijh ckjkdekjk esa
jsatj vkfQ+l ds lkeus ys x,A taxy ds tkuojksa dh ns[kHkky vkSj j{kk djuk] jsat
vkWfQ+lj dh ftEesnkjh gksrh gSA mlds n¶+rj ds lkeus igq¡pdj gkFkh ekuks vius dks
lqjf{kr vuqHko dj jgs FksA
dqN nsj ckn vkèks gkFkh pjus pys x,A ckdh gkFkh t+[eh cPps dh fuxjkuh esa
ogha MVs jgsA mldh ek¡ lw¡M esa ?kkl dk iwyk mBkdj p¡oj Mqykrh jgh ftlls ?kko ij
efD[k;k¡ u cSBsaA mldh vk¡[kksa ls vk¡lqvksa dh èkkjk Vid jgh FkhA cPpk bruk t+[eh
gks x;k Fkk fd nwèk ugha pw¡?k ldrk FkkA taxy esa tkuojksa ds NksVs&eksVs ?kko izd̀fr
[kqn Bhd dj fn;k djrh gSA ij bl cPps ds ?kko tkuysok FksA vxys fnu mlus ne
rksM+ fn;kA
ejus dh [kcj feyrs gh pjus ds fy, x, gq, gkFkh ykSV vk,A jsatj vkfQ+l ds
lkeus lHkh 'kksd lHkk esa 'kkfey gks x,A 'ko dks ?ksjdj lkjh jkr ogha [kM+s jgsA
mudh vk¡[ksa vk¡lw cgkrh jghaA os fpa?kkM+rs] jksrs vkSj fcy[krs jgsA
jkes'k csnh

127
16 ikuh js ikuh
dgk¡ ls vkrk gS gekjk ikuh vkSj fiQj
dgk¡ pyk tkrk gS gekjk ikuh\ geus
dHkh bl ckjs esa oqQN lkspk gS\ lkspk rks ugha gksxk 'kk;n] ij bl ckjs esa i<+ k
T+k:j gSA Hkwxksy dh fdrkc i<+rs le; ty&pØ tSlh ckrsa gesa crkbZ tkrh
gSaA ,d lqanj&lk fp=k Hkh gksrk gS] bl ikB osQ lkFkA lwjt] leqæ] ckny] gok]
/jrh fiQj cjlkr dh cw¡nsa vkSj yks fiQj cgrh gqbZ ,d unh vkSj mlosQ fdukjs
clk rqEgkjk] gekjk ?kj] xk¡o ;k 'kgjA fp=k osQ nwljs Hkkx esa ;gh unh vius
pkjksa rjI+kQ dk ikuh ysdj mlh leqnz esa feyrh fn[krh gSA fp=k esa oqQN rhj
Hkh cus jgrs gSaA leqnz ls mBh Hkki ckny cudj ikuh esa cnyrh gS vkSj fiQj
bu rhjksa osQ lgkjs ty dh ;k=kk ,d rjI+kQ ls 'kq: gksdj leqnz esa okfil fey
tkrh gSA ty&pØ iwjk gks tkrk gSA
;g rks gbq Z ty&pØ dh fdrkch ckrA ij vc rks ge lcosQ ?kjksa es]a LowQy
es]a ekrk&firk osQ nÝ+rjksa es]a dkj[kkuksa vkSj [ksrksa esa ikuh dk oqQN vthc&lk
pDdj lkeus vkus yxk gSA
uyksa esa vc iwjs le; ikuh ugha vkrkA uy [kksyks rks mlls ikuh osQ cnys
lw¡&lw¡ dh vkokt+ vkus yxrh gSA ikuh vkrk Hkh gS rks csoDrA dHkh nsj jkr
dks rks dHkh Hkksj lcsjsA ehBh uhan NksM+dj ?kj Hkj dh ckfYV;k¡] crZu vkSj ?kM+ s
Hkjrs fiQjksA ikuh dks ysdj dHkh&dHkh] dgha&dgha vkil esa rw&rw eSa&eSa] Hkh
gksus yxrh gSaA
jkst+&jkst+ osQ bu >xM+s&VaVksa ls cpus osQ fy, dbZ ?kjksa esa yksx
uyksa osQ ikbZi esa eksVj yxok ysrs gSaA blls dbZ ?kjksa
dk ikuh f[kapdj ,d gh ?kj esa vk tkrk gSA ;g
rks vius vkl&ikl dk gd Nhuus tSlk dke
gSA ysfdu etcwjh ekudj bl dke
dks eksgYys esa dksbZ
128
,d ?kj dj cSBs rks fiQj vkSj dbZ ?kj ;gh djus yxrs gSaA ikuh dh deh vkSj
c<+ tkrh gSA 'kgjksa esa rks vc dbZ phT+kksa dh rjg ikuh Hkh fcdus yxk gSA ;g
deh xk¡o 'kgjksa esa gh ugha cfYd gekjs izns'kksa dh jktèkkfu;ksa esa vkSj fnYyh]
eqacbZ] dksydkrk] psUubZ vkSj cSaxyksj tSls cM+ s 'kgjksa esa Hkh yksxksa dks Hk;kud
d"V esa Mky nsrh gSA ns'k osQ dbZ fgLlksa esa rks vdky tSlh gkyr cu tkrh
gSA ;g rks gqbZ xehZ osQ ekSle dh ckrA
ysfdu cjlkr osQ ekSle esa D;k gksrk gS\ yks] lc rjI+kQ ikuh gh cgus
yxrk gSA gekjs&rqEgkjs ?kj] LowQy] lM+dksa] jsy dh iVfj;ksa ij ikuh Hkj tkrk
gSA ns'k osQ dbZ Hkkx ck<+ esa Mwc tkrs gSaA ;g ck<+ u xk¡oksa dks NksM+rh gS vkSj
u eqacbZ tSls cM+s 'kgjksa dksA oqQN fnuksa osQ fy, lc oqQN Fke tkrk gS] lc
oqQN cg tkrk gSA
;s gkykr gesa crkrs gSa fd ikuh dk csgn de gks tkuk vkSj ikuh dk csgn
T+;knk gks tkuk] ;kuh vdky vkSj ck<+ ,d gh flDosQ osQ nks igyw gSaA ;fn
ge bu nksuksa dks Bhd ls le> losaQ vkSj l¡Hkky ysa rks bu dbZ leL;kvksa ls
NqVdkjk fey ldrk gSA
pyks] FkksM+h nsj osQ fy, ge ikuh osQ bl pDdj dks Hkwy tk,¡
vkSj ;kn djsa viuh xqYyd dksA tc Hkh gesa dksbZ iSlk nsrk gS] ge
[kq'k gksdj] nkSM+dj mls >V ls viuh xqYyd esa Mky nsrs gSaA

,d #i;k] nks #i;k

ik¡ p #i;k] dHkh flDos Q ] rks dHkh Nks V s & cM+ s uks V μ
lc blesa èkhjs&èkhjs tek gksrs tkrs gSaA fiQj tc dHkh geas oqQN iSlksa
dh T+k:jr iM+rh gS rks bl xqYyd dh cpr dk mi;ksx dj ysrs gSaA

129
gekjh ;g /jrh Hkh blh rjg dh
gd dh ckr
[kwc cM+h xqYyd gSA feêðh dh cuh vkT+kknh osQ ckn (fiNys lkB o"kks± esa)
bl fo'kky xqYyd esa izÑfr o"kkZ fnYyh esa ikuh dh vkSlr ek¡x ;k [kir
osQ ekSle esa [kwc ikuh cjlkrh gSA yxHkx rhu xquk c<+ xbZ gSA ij >qXxh
rc #i;ksa ls Hkh dbZ xquk dherh cfLr;ksa dks vHkh Hkh vkSlr [kir dk
bl o"kkZ dks gesa bl cM+h xqYyd esa 30 izfr'kr ikuh gh fey ikrk gSA tc
tek dj ysuk pkfg,A gekjs xk¡o esa] T+k:jr osQ fglkc ls yksxksa dks ikuh ugha
'kgj esa tks NksVs&cM+s rkykc] >hy feyrk rks muosQ gd fNurs gSaA gekjs
lekt esa T+k:jrksa ls tqM+s vkSj dkSu&ls eqís
vkfn gSa os /jrh dh xqYyd esa ikuh
gSa tgk¡ gesa cjkcjh dk c¡Vokjk ugha fn[kkbZ
Hkjus dk dke djrs gSaA buesa tek nsrk vkSj dbZ yksxksa dk fgLlk Nhudj
ikuh tehu osQ uhps fNis ty osQ oqQN yksxksa dks ns fn;k tkrk gS\ d{kk esa
HkaMkj esa /hjs&/hjs fjldj] Nudj vkSj ?kj ij cM+ksa osQ lkFk ppkZ djksA
tk feyrk gSA blls gekjk Hkwty
HkaMkj le`¼ gksrk tkrk gSA ikuh dk ;g [ktkuk gesa fn[krk ugha] ysfdu blh
[ktkus ls ge cjlkr dk ekSle chr tkus ds ckn iwjs lky Hkj rd vius
mi;ksx osQ fy, ?kj esa] [ksrksa esa] ikB'kkyk esa ikuh fudky ldrs gSaA
ysfdu ,d nkSj ,slk Hkh vk;k tc ge yksx bl fNis [kT+kkus dk egRo Hkwy
x, vkSj T+kehu osQ ykyp esa geus vius rkykcksa dks dpjs ls ikV dj] Hkj
dj lery cuk fn;kA ns[krs&gh&ns[krs bu ij rks dgha edku] dgha ckTk+ kj]
LVsfM;e vkSj flusek vkfn [kM+s gks x,A
bl cM+h xyrh dh lT+kk vc ge lcdks fey jgh gSA xehZ osQ fnuksa esa gekjs
uy lw[k tkrs gSa vkSj cjlkr osQ fnuksa esa gekjh cfLr;k¡ Mwcus yxrh gSaA blhfy,
;fn gesa vdky vkSj ck<+ ls cpuk gS rks vius vkl&ikl osQ tylzksrksa dh]
rkykcksa dh vkSj ufn;ksa vkfn dh j[kokyh vPNs <ax ls djuh iM+sxhA
ty&pØ ge Bhd ls le>sa] tc cjlkr gks rks mls Fkke ysa] viuk
Hkwty HkaMkj lqjf{kr j[ksa] viuh xqYyd Hkjrs jgsa rHkh gesa ”k:jr osQ
le; ikuh dh dksbZ deh ugha vk,xhA ;fn geus ty&pØ dk Bhd
mi;ksx ugha fd;k rks ge ikuh osQ pDdj esa i¡Qlrs pys tk,¡xsA
vuqie feJ
130
rqEgkjs vkl&ikl
vius vkl&ikl osQ cM+ksa ls iwNdj irk yxkvksμ
1- rqEgkjs ?kj esa ikuh dgk¡ ls vkrk gS\
2- rqEgkjs ?kj dk eSyk ikuh cgdj dgk¡ tkrk gS\
3- (d) rqEgkjs bykosQ esa /jrh osQ vanj dk ikuh fdrus I+kQhV ;k fdrus gkFk uhps gS\
([k) vkt ls ianzg o"kZ igys ;g ikuh fdruk uhpk Fkk\
vuqeku yxkvks
ikB osQ vk/kj ij crkvksμ
1- vius ?kj osQ uy osQ ikbi esa eksVj yxokuk nwljksa dk gd Nhuus osQ cjkcj gSA ys[kd ,slk D;ksa
ekurs gSa\
2- cM+h la[;k esa bekjrsa cuus ls ck<+ vkSj vdky dk [krjk oSQls iSnk gksrk gS\
3- /jrh dh xqYyd fdu&fdu lk/uksa ls Hkjrh gS\
;fn gk¡ rks---
1- D;k rqEgkjs bykosQ esa dHkh ck<+ vkbZ gS\ ;fn gk¡] rks mlosQ ckjs esa fy[kksA
2- D;k rqEgkjs ?kj esa ikuh oqQN gh ?kaVksa osQ fy, vkrk gS\ ;fn gk¡] rks crkvks fd oSQls rqEgkjs
ifjokj dh fnup;kZ uy esa ikuh vkus osQ lkFk c¡èkh gksrh gS\
3- D;k rqEgkjs eksgYys esa jksT+kejkZ dh T+k:jrsa iwjh djus osQ fy, yksxksa dks ikuh [kjhnuk iM+rk gS\
;fn gk¡] rks crkvks fd rqEgkjs ?kj esa jksT+k vkSlru fdrus yhVj ikuh [kjhnk tkrk gS\ bl ij
fdruk [kpkZ gksrk gS\
ladV D;ksa\
1- ikB esa ikuh osQ ladV osQ fdl izeq[k dkj.k dh ckr dh xbZ gS\
2- ikuh osQ ladV dk ,d vkSj eq[; dkj.k ikuh dh fI+kQT+kwy[kphZ Hkh gSA d{kk esa ik¡p&ik¡p osQ
lewg esa ckrphr djks vkSj crkvks fd viuh jksT+kejkZ dh ¯T+knxh esa ikuh dh cpr djus osQ fy,
rqe D;k&D;k mik; dj ldrs gks\
3- ftruk miyC/ gS] mlls dgha T+;knk [kpZ djus ls ikuh dk ladV mRi gksrk gSA D;k ;gh ckr
ge fctyh osQ ladV osQ ckjs esa Hkh dg ldrs gSa\
ikuh dk pDdj&Hkk"kk dk pDdj
1- ikuh dh leL;k ;k cpr ls lacfa /r iksLVj vkSj ukjs rS;kj djksA ;g dke rqe pkj&pkj osQ lewg
esa dj ldrs gksA
2- ¶ikuh dh cckZnh] lcdh cckZnh¸ bl ukjs esa ^cckZnh* 'kCn dk ,d vFkZ gS ;k nks vyx vFkZ
gSa\ lkspksA
3- ikuh gekjh fT+kanxh esa egRoiw.kZ rks gS gh] eqgkojksa dh nqfu;k esa Hkh mldh [kkl txg gSA ikuh
ls lacaf/r oqQN eqgkojs bdêòs djks vkSj mudk mfpr lanHkZ esa iz;ksx djksA
131
 * unh dk li+Qj
fdlh Hkh unh dh 'kq#vkr Å¡ps LFkkuksa ;k igkM+ ksa ls gksrh gSA unh esa ikuh >jus ls] >hy
ls] ckfj'k ls ;k fiQj fge osQ fi?kyus ls vkrk gSA

tgk¡ ls unh dh 'kq#vkr gksrh dbZ /kjk,¡ vkdj unh esa

gS ml txg dks unh dk
feyrh gSaA
^mn~xe* dgrs gSaA

igkM+ h {ks=k esa <ky vf/d gksus osQ

dkj.k unh dk cgko rst+ gksrk gS
ftlls unh xgjh ?kkVh (V vkdkj
dh ?kkVh) cukrh gSA

dbZ lkjh NksVh ufn;k¡ eq[; unh

esa feyrh gSa rFkk mls cM+ h unh eNq vkjs vkSj lSykuh unh osQ
cukrh gSaA bu NksVh ufn;ksa dks fdukjs eNfy;k¡ idM+ rs gSaA
eq[; unh dh lgk;d ufn;k¡
dgrs gSaA

unh iRFkj&p^kuksa ls
Vdjkdj vkSj rs t+
cgrh gSA unh tc Å¡ pkbZ ls fxjrh gS rks
tyizikr curk gSA

132
ikuh ;gk¡ ls <ky osQ lkFk uhps dh vksj cgrk gSA unh dh 'kq#vkr ,d iryh /kjk osQ
:i esa gksrh gS vkxs pydj ;gh /kjk xgjh vkSj pkSM+h gks tkrh gS vkSj ,d unh dk :i
ys ysrh gSA ;gk¡ ,d unh dk li+Qj fn[kk;k x;k gSA rqEgkjs vkl&ikl Hkh dksbZ unh gksxh\
mlosQ ckjs esa rqe D;k&D;k tkurs gks\

og LFkku tgk¡ unh leqæ esa

feyrh gS mls unh dk eqgkuk
dgrs gSaA

unh vius lkFk [kwc unh leqæ esa feyus ls igys

lkjh jsr vkSj fe^h ykrh viuh jsr vkSj fe^h leqæh
gSA fdukjs ij NksM+ tkrh gSA

tc de <ky gksus osQ dkj.k

cgko cgqr gh de gks tkrk gS
rks unh ?kqekonkj jkLrs cukrh
gS ftls unh foliZ (fe;.Mj) unh ;gk¡ xgjh vkSj pkSM+h
dgrs gSaA gSA

133
17 NksVh&lh gekjh unh

NksVh&lh gekjh unh Vs<+h&es<+h èkkj]

x£e;ksa esa ?kqVus Hkj fHkxks dj tkrs ikjA
ikj tkrs <ksj&Maxj] cSyxkM+h pkyw]
m¡Qps gSa fdukjs blosQ] ikV bldk <kywA
isVs esa >dk>d ckyw dhpM+ dk u uke]
dk¡l iwQys ,d ikj mtys tSls ?kkeA
fnu Hkj fdpfip&fdpfip djrh eSuk Mkj&Mkj]
jkrksa dks gqvk¡&gqvk¡ dj mBrs fl;kjA
vejkbZ nwts fdukjs vkSj rkM+&ou]
Nk¡gksa&Nk¡gksa ckEgu Vksyk clk gS l?kuA
dPps&cPps èkkj&dNkjksa ij mNy ugk ysa]
xeNksa&xeNksa ikuh Hkj&Hkj va x&va x ij <kysaA
dHkh&dHkh os lk¡>&ldkjs fucVk dj ugkuk
NksVh&NksVh eNyh ekjsa vk¡py dk dj NkukA
cgq,¡ yksVs&Fkky ek¡trh jxM+ &jxM+ dj jsrh]
diM+ s èkksrha] ?kj osQ dkeksa osQ fy, py nsrhaA
tSls gh vk"kk<+ cjlrk] Hkj ufn;k mrjkrh]
erokyh&lh NwVh pyrh rs”k èkkj nUukrhA
osx vkSj dydy osQ ekjs mBrk gS dksykgy]
x¡nys ty esa f?kjuh&Hk¡ojh Hk¡ojkrh gS papyA
nksuksa ikjksa osQ ou&ou esa ep tkrk gS jksyk]
o"kkZ osQ mRlo esa lkjk tx mBrk gS VksykA

johaæukFk BkoqQj

134
rqEgkjh unh
1- rqEgkjh ns[kh gqbZ unh Hkh ,slh gh gS ;k oqQN vyx gS\ viuh ifjfpr unh osQ ckjs esa
NwVh gqbZ txgksa ij fy[kksμ
-------------------- lh gekjh unh ------------- ------------- èkkj
x£e;ksa esa ------------- -------------] ------------- ------------- tkrs ikj
2- dfork esa nh xbZ bu ckrksa osQ vkèkkj ij viuh ifjfpr unh osQ ckjs esa crkvksμ
• èkkj • ikV • ckyw • dhpM+ • fdukjs • cjlkr esa unh
3- rqEgkjh ifjfpr unh osQ fdukjs D;k&D;k gksrk gS\
4- rqe tgk¡ jgrs gks] mlosQ vkl&ikl dkSu&dkSu lh ufn;k¡ gSa\ os dgk¡ ls fudyrh gSa vkSj
dgk¡ rd tkrh gSa\ irk djksA
dfork osQ ckgj
1- blh fdrkc esa unh dk ft+Ø vkSj fdl ikB esa gv q k gS\ unh osQ ckjs esa D;k fy[kk gS\
2- unh ij dksbZ vkSj dfork [kkstdj i<+ks vkSj d{kk esa lqukvksA
3- unh esa ugkus osQ rqEgkjs D;k vuqHko gSa\
4- D;k rqeus dHkh eNyh idM+h gS\ vius vuqHko lkfFk;ksa osQ lkFk ck¡VksA
;s fdldh rjg yxrs gSa\
1- unh dh Vs<+h&es<+h èkkj\
2- fdpfip &fdpfip djrh eSuk\
3- mNy&mNy osQ unh esa ugkrs dPps&cPps\
dfork vkSj fp=k
• dfork osQ igys in dks nqckjk i<+ksA o.kZu ij è;ku nksA bls i<+dj tks fp=k rqEgkjs eu
esa mHkjk mls cukvksA crkvks fp=k esa rqeus D;k&D;k n'kkZ;k\
dfork ls
1- bl dfork osQ in esa dkSu&dkSu ls 'kCn rqdkar gSa\ mUgsa Nk¡VksA
2- fdl 'kCn ls irk pyrk gS fd unh osQ fdukjs tkuoj Hkh tkrs Fks\
3- bl unh osQ rV dh D;k [kkfl;r Fkh\
4- vejkbZ nwts fdukjs --------------- py nsrhaA
dfork dh ;s iafDr;k¡ unh fdukjs dk thrk&tkxrk o.kZu djrh gSaA rqe Hkh fuEufyf[kr
esa ls fdlh ,d dk o.kZu vius 'kCnksa esa djksμ
• gÝ+ rs esa ,d ckj yxus okyk gkV
• rqEgkjs 'kgj ;k xk¡o dh lcls T+;knk pgy&igy okyh txg

135
• rqEgkjs ?kj dh f[kM+ dh ;k njokT+ks ls fn[kkbZ nsus okyk ckgj dk n`';
• ,slh txg dk n`'; tgk¡ dksbZ cM+ h bekjr cu jgh gks
5- rsT+k xfr 'kksj eksgYyk /wi fdukjk ?kuk
Åij fy[ks 'kCnksa osQ fy, dfork esa oqQN [kkl 'kCnksa dk bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA mu 'kCnksa dks
uhps fn, v{kjtky esa <w¡<+ksA

/k e os

Vks

jks yk ik

l ?k u V

136
136
* tksM+klkadks okyk ?kj

mÙkjh dydÙkk dh ,d NksVh&lh va/kh

xyh esa ,d vthc&lk edku gS mlesa
cgqr&lh pDdjnkj lhf<+;k¡ gSa tks
njokt+ksa okys vutkus dejksa rd tkrh
gSa vkSj mlesa Å¡ ph&uhph t+ ehu ij]
vyx&Fkyx NTts vkSj pcwrjs gSaA
lkeus ds dejs vkS j cjkens
+
cM+s&cM+s vkSj [kwclwjr gSaA mudk Q'kZ
laxejej dk gSA yach f[kM+fd;ksa esa
jaxhu dk¡p yxs gq, gSaA ml vgkrs esa dqN
vkSj cM+s&cM+s edku gSa] ?kkl dk eSnku
gS] ctjh dk jkLrk gS vkSj Qwyksa okyh
>kfM+ ; k¡ gS a A iw j h txg dks Å¡ ph
pkjnhokjh us ?ksj j[kk gSA mleas nks cgqr
cM+s QkVd gSa tks va/kh xyh esa [kqyrs gSaA

137
137
 dydÙkk ds yksx bls VSxksj Hkou dgrs gSaA vc ls yxHkx nks lkS cjl igys]
bZLV bafM;k daiuh ds Tk+ekus esa] ;g edku cuk FkkA
og NksVh&lh xyh vkSj mldk uUgk&lk f'ko eafnj Hkh iqjkuk gSA ml lkjh
txg ij iqjkusiu dh Nki vkt Hkh ekStwn gSA ladjh xyh tgk¡ cM+h lM+d ls tk
feyrh Fkh] mlds dksus ij ,d NksVk vgkrk fn[kkbZ iM+rk FkkA mlesa ihry ds cus
fpfM+;ksa ds vîóksa dh ,d drkj Fkh vkSj gj vîós ij HkM+dhys jaxksa okyk ,d&,d
dkdkrqvk FkkA mudh dM+oh rh[kh ph[k&fpYykgV dh vkokT+k pkjksa vksj xw¡trh
jgrh FkhA vM+ksl&iM+ksl dh lkjh txg dqN vthc vkSj xSjekewyh <ax dh FkhA
VSxksj ifjokj rHkh ls blesa jgrk FkkA chp&chp esa os yksx blesa c<+ksrjh Hkh
djrs tkrs FksA vkt ls ,d lkS cjl igys] cjlkrh ekSle ds rhljs igj] ,d
[kwclwjr yM+dk f[kM+dh ls >qddj cspSuh ds lkFk ikuh ls Hkjh xyh dh vksj
ns[k jgk FkkA mlus ekewyh lwrh diM+s vkSj lLrs Lyhijksa dh tksM+h igu j[kh FkhA
mlds ds'k dqN T+;knk gh yacs FksA og ,slk yx jgk Fkk] tSls fdrus gh fnuksa ls
mldh gt+ker u gqbZ gksA dqN yksxksa dk dguk Fkk fd og yM+dh tSlk fn[krk FkkA
,d ckj mlds Ldwy ds ,d lkFkh us ;g vQ+okg QSyk nh fd og lpeqp ,d
yM+dh gh gS tks yM+dksa tSls diM+s igurh gSA bl ckr dks lkfcr djus ds fy, mlds
lkfFk;ksa us mls pk; ihus ds fy, cqyk;kA mu yksxksa us mls ,d Å¡ps csap ij ls dwnus
dks eTk+cwj fd;k] D;ksafd mudk [k;ky Fkk fd yM+fd;k¡ uhps mrjrs le; igys

138
ck;k¡ iSj mBkrh gSaA og dwn rks x;k] ysfdu cgqr fnuksa ckn rd mls ml pk;&ikVhZ
ds ckjs esa dksbZ lansg ugha gqvkA yM+ds dk uke jchanzukFk ;k la{ksi esa jfc FkkA
cjlkrh ekSle ds ,d rhljs igj] vkB lky dk jfc vius ekLVj ds vkus
dh jkg ns[k jgk FkkA og eu&gh&eu pkg jgk Fkk fd ikuh Hkjh lM+dksa ds dkj.k
ekLVj th u vk ik,¡A ysfdu vQlks + l] oDr dh iwjh ikcanh ds lkFk] mldh reke
mEehnksa dks feêðh esa feykrk gqvk] lM+d ds eksM+ ij iScan yxk ,d dkyk Nkrk fn[k
iM+kA vc viuh fdrkcsa ysdj uhps ds ,d ef)e jks'kuh okys dejs esa tk cSBus ds
flok vkSj dksbZ mik; u FkkA mldh vk¡[ksa uhan ls cksf>y gks jgh Fkha] ysfdu jkr esa
nsj rd i<+uk Fkk&v¡xt zs + h] xf.kr] foKku] bfrgkl vkSj HkwxksyA ;gk¡ rd fd vkneh
ds 'kjhj dh gfîó;ksa dh tkudkjh ikus ds fy, mls ,d uj&dadky dks Hkh gkFk
yxkuk iM+rk FkkA ;g vthc&lh Ckkr Fkh fd ekLVj th ds tkrs gh mldh vk¡[kksa
dh uhan xk;c gks xbZA
ml Tk+ekus esa fctyh dh cfÙk;k¡ ugha Fkha] ;gk¡ rd fd xSl dh jks'kuh dk Hkh
T+;knk pyu ugha FkkA ikuh ds uy dk Hkh dksbZ irk ugha FkkA uhps ds ,d v¡/ksjs
dejs esa] tgk¡ lwjt dh jks'kuh ugha igq¡prh Fkh] feêðh ds ?kM+ksa esa Hkjdj lky Hkj ds
fy, ihus dk ikuh bdêòk fd;k tkrk FkkA uUgk jfc tc dHkh ml dejs esa >k¡drk]
mldk cnu flgj mBrk FkkA ysfdu ?kjokyksa dks unh dk Hkjiwj ikuh fey tkrk
Fkk] D;ksafd lhèks xaxk ls ugj [kksndj fiNokM+s ds cxhps vkSj vgkrs esa ykbZ xbZ
FkhA tc ck<+ dk ikuh p<+ vkrk rks jfc cM+ s vpjt vkS j cM+ h [kq ' kh ls
dydy&NyNy djrh unh ds ikuh dks ns[kk djrk Fkk] tks lwjt dh fdj.kksa ls
jks'kuh ysdj ped&ped mBrk FkkA dHkh&dHkh NksVh eNfy;k¡ /kkjk ds lkFk
cg vkrh Fkha vkSj ml NksVs&ls rkykc esa fQly tkrh Fkha ftlesa pkpk us lqugjh
eNfy;k¡ iky j[kh FkhaA NksVh eNfy;ksa ds lkFk jfc dk fny Hkh mNy iM+rk FkkA
lpeqp og vpjt Hkjk edku Fkk yksxksa dh HkhM+ ls Hkjk gqvkA firk] ekrk]
pkpk] pkfp;k¡] HkkbZ] cgusa] ppsjs HkkbZ] HkkfHk;k¡] nksLr] nksLrksa ds nksLr] dykdkj]
xkus&ctkusokys] ys[kd] lHkh Fks ogk¡A vc ;g ?kj 'kkafr fudsru dk ,d fgLlk gSA
jfc tc cM+k gqvk rks mlus viuh fTk+anxh dk T+;knkrj fgLlk 'kkafr fudsru esa
fcrk;kA 'kkafr fudsru esa mlus viuk fut dk Ldwy cuok;kA ;g txr izfl)
'kkafr fudsru fo'ofo|ky; ds ,d vax ds :i esa vkt Hkh ogk¡ ekStwn gSA

yhyk etwenkj

139
18 pqukSrh fgeky; dh

tks”khyk ikl ls vkxs pydj

tokgjyky ekrk;u igp ¡q s rks ogk¡
osQ uo;qod oqQyh us crk;k] ¶'kkc]
lkeus ml cIk+ QZ ls <osQ igkM+ osQ
ihNs vejukFk dh xqiQk gSA¸
¶ysfdu] 'kkc] jkLrk cgqr
Vs<+k gSA¸ fd'ku us oqQyh dh
ckr dkVhA ¶cgqr p<+kbZ gSA vkSj
'kkc] nwj Hkh gSA¸
¶fdruh nwj\¸ tokgjyky
us iwNkA
¶vkB ehy] 'kkc]¸ oqQyh us
tYnh ls mÙkj fn;kA
¶cl! rc rks Tk+ :j pysxa As ¸ tokgjyky us vius ppsjs HkkbZ dh vksj iz'ulwpd
n`f"V MkyhA nksuksa d'ehj ?kweus fudys Fks vkSj tksT+khyk ikl ls gksdj yík[kh
bykosQ dh vksj pys vk, FksA vc vejukFk tkus esa D;k vkifÙk gks ldrh Fkh\
fiQj tokgjyky jkLrs dh eqf'dyksa osQ ckjs esa lqudj lI+kQj osQ fy, vkSj Hkh
mRlqd gks x,A
¶dkSu&dkSu pysxk gekjs lkFk\¸ tokgjyky us tkuuk pkgkA
rqjar fd'ku cksyk] ¶'kkc eSa pyw¡xkA HksM+sa pjkus esjh csVh pyh tk,xhA¸
vxys fnu lqcg rM+osQ rS;kj gksdj tokgjyky ckgj vk x,A vkdk'k esa
jkf=k dh dkfyek ij izkr% dh ykfyek iSQyrh tk jgh FkhA frCcrh iBkj dk
n`'; fujkyk FkkA nwj&nwj rd ouLifr&jfgr mtkM+ pêðkuh bykdk fn[kkbZ ns jgk
FkkA mnkl] iQhosQ] cI+kZQ ls <osQ pêðkuh igkM+ lqcg dh igyh fdj.kksa dk Li'kZ
ikdj rkt dh Hkk¡fr ped mBsA nwj ls NksVs&NksVs Xysf'k;j ,sls yxrs] ekuks
140
Lokxr djus osQ fy, ikl ljdrs vk jgs gksaA lnZ gok osQ >ksaosQ gfî ó;ksa rd
BaMd ig¡ qpk jgs FksA
tokgj us gFksfy;k¡ vkil esa jxM+dj xje dha vkSj dej esa jLlh yisV dj
pyus dks rS;kj gks x,A fgeky; dh nqxZe ioZrekyk eq¡g mBk, pqukSrh ns jgh
FkhA tokgj bl pqukSrh dks oSQls u Lohdkj djrsA HkkbZ] fd'ku vkSj oqQyh lHkh
jLlh osQ lkFk tqM+s FksA fd'ku xM+ sfj;k vc xkbM cu x;kA
cl vkB ehy gh rks ikj djus gSaA tks'k esa vkdj tokgjyky p<+kbZ p<+us
yxsA ;w¡ vkB ehy dh nwjh dksbZ cgqr ugha gksrhA ysfdu bu igkM+h jkLrksa ij
vkB dne pyuk nwHkj gks x;kA ,d&,d Mx Hkjus esa dfBukbZ gks jgh FkhA
jkLrk cgrq gh ohjku FkkA isM+&ikSèkksa dh gfj;kyh osQ vHkko esa ,d vthc
[kkyhiu&lk eglwl gks jgk FkkA dgha ,d iwQy fn[k tkrk rks vk¡[kksa dks BaMd
fey tkrhA fn[k jgh Fkha fli+ZQ iFkjhyh pêðkusa vkSj lI+ksQn cI+kZQA fiQj Hkh bl
xgjs lUukVs esa cgqr lqowQu FkkA ,d vksj lw¡&lw¡ djrh cI+kQhZyh gok cnu dks
dkVrh rks nwljh vksj rkT+kxh vkSj LiwQ£r Hkh nsrhA
tokgjyky c<+rs tk jgs FksA T;ksa&T;ksa mQij p<+rs x,] R;ksa&R;ksa lk¡l ysus
esa fnDdr gksus yxhA ,d oqQyh dh ukd ls [kwu cgus yxkA tYnh ls
tokgjyky us mldk mipkj fd;kA [kqn mUgsa Hkh duiVh dh ulksa esa ruko
eglwl gks jgk Fkk] yxrk Fkk tSls fnekx esa [kwu p<+ vk;k gksA fiQj Hkh
tokgjyky us vkxs c<+us dk bjknk ugha cnykA
FkksM+h nsj esa cI+kZQ iM+us yxhA fiQlyu c<+ xbZ] pyuk Hkh dfBu gks x;kA
,d rjI+kQ Fkdku] mQij ls lhèkh p<+kbZA rHkh lkeus ,d cI+kQhZyk eSnku u”kj
vk;kA pkjksa vksj fge f'k[kjksa ls f?kjk og eSnku nsorkvksa osQ eqoqQV osQ leku
yx jgk FkkA izo`Qfr dh oSQlh euksgj NVk Fkha vk¡[kksa vkSj eu dks rjksrkT+kk dj
xbZA cl ,d >yd fn[kkdj cI+kZQ osQ èkq¡èkyosQ esa vks>y gks xbZA
fnu osQ ckjg ctus okys FksA lqcg pkj cts ls os yksx yxkrkj p<+kbZ
dj jgs FksA 'kk;n lksyg gT+kkj iQhV dh
m¡QpkbZ ij gksxa s bl oDr --- vejukFk

141141
 ls Hkh mQijA ij vejukFk dh xqiQk dk nwj&nwj
rd irk ugha FkkA bl ij Hkh tokgjyky dh
pky esa u <hykiu Fkk] u cnu esa lqLrhA
fgeky; us pqukSrh tks nh FkhA fuxZe iFk ikj djus
dk mRlkg mUgsa vkxs [khap jgk FkkA
¶'kkc] ykSV pfy,A okil oSaQi esa ig¡qprs&
igq¡prs fnu <y tk,xk]¸ ,d oqQyh us dgkA
¶ysfdu vHkh rks vejukFk ig¡qps ughaA¸ tokgjyky dks ykSVus dk fopkj
ila n ugha vk;kA
¶og rks nwj cI+kZQ osQ ml eSnku osQ ikj gS]¸ fd'ku chp esa cksy iM+kA
¶pyks] pyksA p<+kbZ rks ikj dj yh] vc vkèks ehy dk eSnku gh rks ckdh
gS]¸ dgdj tokgjyky us FkosQ gq, oqQfy;ksa dks mRlkfgr fd;kA
lkeus likV cI+kZQ dk eSnku fn[kkbZ ns jgk FkkA mlosQ ikj nwljh vksj ls uhps
mrjdj xqiQk rd igq¡pk tk ldrk FkkA tokgjyky iqQrhZ ls c<+rs tk jgs FksA
nwj ls eSnku ftruk likV fn[k jgk Fkk vlfy;r esa mruk gh mQcM+&[kkcM+
FkkA rk”kh cI+kZQ us m¡Qph&uhph pêðkuksa dks ,d iryh pknj ls <d dj ,d
leku dj fn;k FkkA xgjh [kkb;k¡ Fkha] xîôs cI+kZQ ls <osQ g,q Fks vkSj xT+kc dh
fiQlyu FkhA dHkh iSj fiQlyrk vkSj dHkh cI+kZQ esa iSj vanj èk¡lrk tkrk] èk¡lrk
tkrkA cgqr uki&uki dj dne j[kus iM+ jgs FksA ;s rks p<+kbZ ls Hkh eqf'dy
Fkk] ij tokgjyky dks eT+kk vk jgk FkkA rHkh tokgjyky us ns[kk lkeus ,d
xgjh [kkbZ eq¡g iQkM+s fuxyus osQ fy, rS;kj FkhA vpkud mudk iSj fiQlykA
os yM+[kM+k, vkSj blls igys fd l¡Hky ik,¡ os [kkbZ esa fxj iM+sA
¶'kkc --- fxj x,!¸ fd'ku ph[kkA
¶tokgj ---!¸ HkkbZ dh iqdkj okfn;ksa dh 'kkafr Hkax dj xbZA os [kkbZ
dh vksj rsT+kh ls c<+sA
jLlh ls c¡èks tokgjyky gok esa yVd jgs FksA mI+kQ] oSQlk >Vdk yxkA nksuksa
rjI+kQ pêðkusa&gh&pêðkusa] uhps xgjh [kkbZA tokgjyky dldj jLlh idM+s Fks]
ogh mudk ,dek=k lgkjk FkkA
142
 ¶tokgj---!¸ mQij ls HkkbZ dh iqdkj lqukbZ nhA
eq¡g mQij mBk;k rks HkkbZ vkSj fd'ku osQ èkq¡èkys psgjs [kkbZ esa >k¡drs
gq, fn[kkbZ fn,A ¶ge [khap jgs gSa] jLlh dl osQ idM+s jguk]¸ HkkbZ us
fgnk;r nhA
tokgjyky tkurs Fks fd fiQlyu osQ dkj.k ;w¡ mQij [khap ysuk vklku ugha
gksxkA ¶HkkbZ] eSa pêðku ij iSj tek yw¡]¸ og fpYyk,A [kkbZ dh nhokjksa ls mudh
vkokT+k Vdjkdj nwj&nwj rd xw¡t xbZA gYdh&lh isax c<+k tokgjyky us [kkbZ
dh nhokj ls mHkjh pêðku dks e”kcwrh ls idM+ fy;k vkSj iFkjhys èkjkry ij
iSj tek fy,A iSjksa rys èkjrh osQ ,glkl ls tokgjyky dh fgEer c<+ xbZA
¶?kcjkuk er] tokgj]¸ HkkbZ dh vkokt+ lqukbZ nhA
¶eSa fcYoqQy Bhd gw¡]¸ dgdj tokgjyky eT+kcwrh ls jLlh idM+
,d&,d dne mQij dh vksj c<+us yxsA dHkh iSj fiQlyrk] dHkh dksbZ
gYdk&iqQYdk iRFkj iSjksa osQ uhps ls ljd tkrk] rks og eu&gh&eu dk¡i tkrs
vkSj eT+kcwrh ls jLlh idM+ ysrsA jLlh ls gFksfy;k¡ Hkh tSls dVus yxha Fkha ij
tokgjyky us ml rjI+kQ è;ku ugha fn;kA oqQyh vkSj fd'ku mUgsa [khapdj
ckj&ckj mQij p<+us esa enn dj jgs FksA èkhjs&èkhjs ljd dj fdlh rjg
tokgjyky mQij igq¡psA eqM+dj mQij ls uhps ns[kk fd [kkbZ bruh xgjh Fkh
fd dksbZ fxj tk, rks mldk irk Hkh u pysA
¶'kqØ gS] Hkxoku dk!¸ HkkbZ us xgjh lk¡l yhA
¶'kkc] pksV rks ugha vkbZ\¸ ,d oqQyh us iwNkA
xnZu fgyk] diM+s >kM+ tokgjyky fiQj pyus dks rS;kj gks x,A bl
gknls ls gYdk&lk >Vdk T+k:j yxk fiQj Hkh tks'k BaMk ugha gqvkA og
vc Hkh vkxs tkuk pkgrs FksA
vkxs pydj bl rjg dh xgjh vkSj pkSM+h [kkb;ksa dh rknkn cgqr FkhA
[kkb;k¡ ikj djus dk mfpr lkeku Hkh rks ugha FkkA fujk'k gksdj tokgjyky
dks vejukFk rd dk lI+kQj vèkwjk NksM+dj okil ykSVuk iM+kA vejukFk igq¡pus
dk liuk rks iwjk uk gks ldk ij fgeky; dh m¡Qpkb;k¡ lnk tokgjyky dks
vkd£"kr djrh jghaA
lqjs[kk i.kanhdj
143
© Hkkjr ljdkj dk izfrfyI;kfèkdkj] 2007A (1) vkarfjd fooj.kksa dks lgh n'kkZus dk nkf;Ro izdk'kd dk gSA
(2) leqnz esa Hkkjr dk tyizns'k] mi;qDr vkèkkj&js[kk ls ekis x;s ckjg leqnzh ehy dh nwjh rd gSA (3) paMhx<+] iatkc vkSj gfj;k.kk osQ iz'kklh eq[;ky; paMhx<+ esa gSA
(4) bl ekufp=k esa v#.kkpy izns'k] vle vkSj es?kky; osQ eè; esa n'kkZ;h x;h varjkZT;h; lhek;sa] mÙkjh iwohZ {ks=k (iquxZBu) vfèkfu;e 1971 osQ fuokZpukuqlkj nf'kZr gS]
ijarq vHkh lR;kfir gksuh gSA
(5) Hkkjr dh ckg~; lhek;sa rFkk leqnz rVh; js[kk;sa Hkkjrh; losZ{k.k foHkkx }kjk lR;kfir vfHkys[k @ izèkku izfr ls esy [kkrh gSA
(6) bl ekufp=k esa mÙkjkapy ,oa mÙkjizns'k] >kj[kaM ,oa fcgkj vkSj NÙkhlx<+ ,oa eè;izns'k osQ chp dh jkT; lhek;sa lacafèkr ljdkjksa }kjk lR;kfir ugha dh x;h gSA
(7) bl ekufp=k esa nf'kZr ukeksa dk v{kjfoU;kl fofHkUu lw=kksa }kjk izkIr fd;k gSA

dgk¡ D;k gS
1- (d) yík[k tEew&d'ehj jkT; esa gSA Åij fn, Hkkjr osQ uD'ks esa <w¡<+ks fd yík[k dgk¡ gS vkSj
rqEgkjk ?kj dgk¡ gS\
([k) vuqeku yxkvks fd rqe tgk¡ jgrs gks ogk¡ ls yík[k igq¡pus esa fdrus fnu yx ldrs gSa
vkSj ogk¡ fdu&fdu T+kfj;ksa ls ig¡qpk tk ldrk gS\
144
 (x) fdrkc osQ 'kq: esa rqeus frCcrh yksddFkk ^jk[k dh jLlh* i<+h FkhA uD'ks esa frCcr dks
<w¡<+ksA
okn&fookn
1- (d) cI+kZQ ls <osQ pêðkuh igkM+ksa osQ mnkl vkSj iQhosQ yxus dh D;k otg gks ldrh Fkh\
([k) crkvks] ;s txgsa dc mnkl vkSj iQhdh yxrh gSa vkSj ;gk¡ dc jkSud gksrh gS\
?kj ck”kkj LowQy [ksr
2- ^tokgjyky dks bl dfBu ;k=kk osQ fy, rS;kj ugha gksuk pkfg,A*
rqe blls lger gks rks Hkh roZQ nks] ugha gks rks Hkh roZQ nksA vius rdks± dks rqe d{kk osQ lkeus
izLrqr Hkh dj ldrs gksA
dksykt
^dksykt* ml rLohj dks dgrs gSa tks dbZ rLohjksa dks NksVs&NksVs VqdM+ksa esa dkVdj ,d dkxT+k
ij fpidk dj cukbZ tkrh gSA
1- rqe feydj igkM+ksa dk ,d dksykt cukvksA blosQ fy, igkM+ksa ls tqM+h fofHkUu rLohjsa
bdêòk djks— ioZrkjksg.k] pêðku] igkM+ksa osQ vyx&vyx uT+kkjs] pksVh] vyx&vyx
fdLe osQ igkM+A vc bUgsa ,d cM+s ls dkxT+k ij igkM+ osQ vkdkj esa gh fpidkvksA ;fn
pkgks rks ;s dksykt rqe viuh d{kk dh ,d nhokj ij Hkh cuk ldrs gksA
2- vc bu fp=kksa ij vk/kfjr 'kCnksa dk ,d dksykt cukvksA dksykt esa ,sls 'kCn gksa tks bu
fp=kksa dk o.kZu dj ik jgs gksa ;k eu esa mBus okyh Hkkoukvksa dks crk jgs gksaA
vc bu nksuksa dksyktksa dks d{kk esa izn£'kr djksA
rqEgkjh le> ls
1- bl o`Ùkkar dks i<+rs&i<+rs rqEgsa Hkh viuh dksbZ NksVh ;k yach ;k=kk ;kn vk jgh gks rks
mlosQ ckjs esa fy[kksA
2- tokgjyky dks vejukFk rd dk lI+kQj vèkwjk D;ksa NksM+uk iM+k\
3- tokgjyky] fd'ku vkSj oqQyh lHkh jLlh ls D;ksa c¡èks Fks\
4- (d) ikB esa usg: th us fgeky; ls pqukSrh eglwl dhA oqQN yksx ioZrkjksg.k D;ksa djuk
pkgrs gSa\
([k) ,sls dkSu&ls pqukSrh Hkjs dke gSa tks rqe djuk ilan djksxs\
cksyrs igkM+
1- • mnkl iQhosQ cI+kZQ ls <osQ pêðkuh igkM+
• fgeky; dh nqxZe ioZrekyk eq¡g mBk, pqukSrh ns jgh FkhA
¶mnkl gksuk¸ vkSj ¶pqukSrh nsuk¸ euq"; osQ LoHkko gSaA ;gk¡ futhZo igkM+ ,slk dj jgs gSaA
,sls vkSj Hkh okD; gSaA tSlsμ
• fctyh pyh xbZA
• pk¡n us 'kjekdj viuk eq¡g cknyksa osQ ihNs dj fy;kA
bl fdrkc osQ nwljs ikBksa esa Hkh ,sls okD; <w¡<+ksA
145
 ,d o.kZu ,slk Hkh

ikB esa rqeus tokgjyky usg: dh igkM+h ;k=kk osQ ckjs esa i<+kA
uhps ,d vkSj igkM+h bykosQ dk o.kZu fn;k x;k gS tks izfl¼
dgkuhdkj fueZy oekZ dh fdrkc ^ phM+ksa ij pk¡nuh* ls fy;k
x;k gSA bls i<+ks vkSj uhps fy[ks iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nksA
¶D;k ;g f'keyk gS—gekjk viuk 'kgj— ;k ge Hkwy ls
dgha vkSj pys vk, gSa\ ge ugha tkurs fd fiNyh jkr tc ge
cs[kcj lks jgs Fks] cI+kZQ pqipki fxj jgh FkhA
f[kM+dh osQ lkeus iqjkuk] fpj&ifjfpr nsonkj dk o`{k Fkk]
ftldh uaxh 'kk[kksa ij :bZ osQ eksVs&eksVs xkyksa&lh cI +kZQ fpid
xbZ FkhA yxrk Fkk tSls og lkark&DykWT+k gks] ,d jkr esa gh
ftlosQ cky lu&ls lI+ksQn gks x, gSa ---A oqQN nsj ckn /wi
fudy vkrh gS— uhys pepekrs vkdk'k osQ uhps cI+kZQ ls <dh
igkfM+;k¡ /wi lsadus osQ fy, viuk psgjk cknyksa osQ ckgj
fudky ysrh gSaA¸
(d) Åij fn, igkM+ osQ o.kZu vkSj ikB esa fn, o.kZu esa
D;k varj gS\
([k) dbZ ckj futhZo phT+kksa osQ fy, euq";ksa ls tqM+h fØ;kvksa]
fo'ks"k.k vkfn dk bLrseky gksrk gS] tSls&ikB esa vk,
nks mnkgj.k ¶mnkl iQhosQ] cI+kZQ ls <osQ p^kuh igkM+¸
;k ¶lkeus ,d xgjh [kkbZ eq¡g iQkM+s fuxyus osQ fy,
rS;kj Fkh¸A Åij fy[ks f'keyk osQ o.kZu esa ,sls
mnkgj.k <w¡<+ksA

146
* ge D;k mxkrs gSa

ge D;k mxkrs gSa tc isM+ yxkrs gSa\

ge ikuh dk tgkT+k mxkrs gSa tks leqnz ikj djsxkA
ge eLrwy mxkrs gSa ftlij iky c¡èksxhA
ge os Qês mxkrs gSa tks gok ds FkisM+ksa dk lkeuk djsaxsA
tgkT+k dk ryk] 'kgrhj] dksguh(
ge ikuh dk tgkT+k mxkrs gSa tc isM+ mxkrs gSaA
ge D;k mxkrs gSa tc isM+ yxkrs gSa\
ge cfYy;k¡] ifV;s vkSj Q'kZ + mxkrs gSaA
ge f[kM+dh] jks'kunku vkSj njokT+ks mxkrs gSaA
ge Nr ds yÎs] 'kgrhj vkSj mlds reke fgLls mxkrs gSa
ge ?kj mxkrs gSa tc isM+ yxkrs gSaA
ge D;k mxkrs gSa tc isM+ yxkrs gSa\
,slh gT+kkjksa phT+ksa tks ge gj fnu ns[krs gSaA
ge xqacn ls Hkh ij vkus okys f'k[kj mxkrs gSaA
ge vius ns'k dk >aMk Qgjkus + okyk LraHk mxkrs gSaA
lwjt dh xehZ ls Nk;k ekuks eq¶r + gh mxkrs gSaA
ge ;g lc mxkrs gSa tc isM+ yxkrs gSaA
gsujh ,cs
vuqokn&dchj oktis;h
147
147
 * 'kCnkFkZ

varxZr µ Hkhrj lek;k gqvk] 'kkfey vkichrh µ vius lkFk gqbZ dksbZ ?kVuk
v¡xj[kk µ ,d yack cannkj igukok vkyk µ nhoky esa phT+kas j[kus osQ fy, cuk;k
vfrfjDr µ vykok tkus okyk xîôkuqek LFkku] cf<+;k
v/hj µ mrkoyk bdjkj µ LohÑfr] gk¡ djuk
vèksyk µ iSls dk vk/k bt+gkj µ t+kfgj djuk] crkuk] fn[kkuk
vè;{k µ eq[; vf/dkjh] iz/ku bZnxkg µ og txg tgk¡ bd_k gksdj yksx
vucw> µ ukle> ;k uknku uekt i<+rs gSa
vueuk µ mnkl] f[kUu mosQjuk µ iRFkj] ydM+h vkfn ij oqQN
vejkbZ µ vke dk ckx cukuk
vleatl µ le> esa u vkuk fd D;k djsa mRlqdrk µ v/hjrk] cspSuh] izcy bPNk
vfLFk µ gah muhank µ uhan ls Hkjk gqvk] m¡Q?krk gqvk
mi{ks=k µ NksVk bykdk] fdlh cM+s {ks=k
vkd"kZ.k µ vPNh yxus okyh pht+
dk fgLlk
vkdkj µ 'kDy
,su µ mnwZ vkSj vjch o.kZekyk dk ,d v{kj
vkxkg µ psrkouh nsuk
dNkj µ unh osQ fdukjs dh T+kehu] ?kkVh
vkifÙk µ ,rjkt

vkdkj

vejkbZ
vkyk
148
Vdk µ nks iSlksa osQ cjkcj rk¡cs dk flDdk nwHkj µ dfBu] eqf'dy
Bhdjs µ feêðh osQ cjru dk VqdM+k ubZ[ks µ ugha gS
BkSj µ txg] mi;qDr LFkku uDdk tksM+h µ ,d rjg dk [ksy
<ksjMa xj µ eos'kh uI+kQhl µ mEnk] cf<+;k] lqanj
rilh µ riLoh] riL;k djus okyk] d"V fu;fer µ c¡/k gqvk] fuf'pr] fu;e osQ
lgu djusokyk vuqlkj] dk;ns ls
rY[kh µ dM+okgV fuxZe µ ftl jkLrs ij dksbZ tkrk u gks
iêòk µ oqQ'rhck”k igyoku
rkd µ vkyk] nhoky esa cuh NksVh&lh
txg ijkLr µ gjkuk
rkxk µ /kxk ifj/ku µ iguus dk diM+k
rkirs µ lsadrs] xeZ djrs ifjogu µ lkbfdy] cl] jsyxkM+h
ikjaifjd µ ftldk fjokt dki+Qh le; ls
nM+ck µ fpfM+;k ;k NksVs tkuoj dks j[kus
pyk vk jgk gks
dh NksVh txg
iqyfdr µ izlÂ] [kq'k
nUukrh µ ^nUu* dh vkokT+k djrh gqbZ]
i`"BHkwfe µ ihNs dk fgLlk (tSl&s edku dh
'kksj djrh gbq Z
i`"BHkwfe)
nLrd µ [kV[kVkgV
izFkk µ fjokt
nkeu µ vk¡py
izca/d µ izca/ ;k bartke djus okyk]
nq#Lr µ tks vPNh fLFkfr esa gks] Bhd ns[kHkky djus okyk
nqxeZ & tgk¡ igq¡puk ;k lI+kQj djuk iz'kfLr i=k µ iz'kalk] rkjhI+kQ] cM+kbZ dk i=k
eqf'dy gks

rkxk Bhdjk

nM+ck

150