Thematic Report: Ethnic Minorities: Census and Statistics Department Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Thematic Report : Ethnic Minorities
Census and Statistics Department

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
2011
100 Landmark East 8

(852) 2716 8025 (852) 2716 0231
census@censtatd.gov.hk
Enquiries may be directed to:
2011 Population Census Office

Address: 8/F, AIA Kowloon Tower, Landmark East, 100 How Ming Street, Kwun Tong,
Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Tel : (852) 2716 8025 Fax : (852) 2716 0231
E-mail: census@censtatd.gov.hk
Website of the Census and Statistics Department

www.censtatd.gov.hk
2012 12
Published in December 2012
This publication is available in download version only
Contents
Page
List of Tables
List of Charts
viii
1.
1. Introduction
2.
2. Summary
3.
3. Size and Structure
17
4.
4. Demographic Characteristics
31
5.
5. Education
47
6.
6. Labour Force
63
7.
7. Living Arrangements and

Household Characteristics
99
8.
8. Characteristics of the Districts
109
Definition of Terms in Chinese
117
Definition of Terms in English
127
2011
Publications of the Hong Kong 2011

Population Census
139
Means of Obtaining Publications and

Other Statistical Products of the
2011
iii
A1
2011 Population Census

Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
List of Tables
Page
3.1
2001 2006 2011
Table 3.1
Ethnic minorities by ethnicity, 2001,

2006 and 2011
18
Table 3.2
Ethnic minorities by ethnicity and

usual residents/mobile residents,
2011
19
Table 3.3

age group, 2001, 2006 and 2011
25
Table 3.4
Sex ratios of ethnic minorities by

ethnicity and age group, 2011
28
Table 4.1
Proportion of ethnic minorities aged

15 and over by ethnicity, marital
status and sex, 2001, 2006 and 2011
33
Table 4.2
Proportion of now married ethnic

minorities by sex, ethnicity and
ethnicity of spouse, 2011
36
Table 4.3

place of birth, 2001, 2006 and 2011
40
Table 4.4
Ethnic minorities by sex, sge group

and duration of residence in Hong
Kong, 2011
41
Table 4.5

5 and over able to speak selected
languages/ dialects, 2011
44
Table 5.1
School attendance rates of ethnic

minorities by age group and sex,
2001, 2006 and 2011
48
Table 5.2
Ethnic minorities aged 15 and over

by ethnicity and educational
attainment (highest level attended),
2001, 2006 and 2011
52

3.2
2001

3.3
2001 2006 2011

3.4
2011

4.1
2001 2006 2011

15

4.2
2011

4.3
2001 2006 2011

4.4
2011

4.5
2011

5.1
2001 2006 2011

5.2
2001 2006 2011

15
2011

List of Tables
Page
5.3
2011
Table 5.3
Proportion of ethnic minorities with

post-secondary education by ethnicity
and field of education, 2011
57
Table 5.4
Ethnic minorities studying full-time

courses in schools or educational
institutions in Hong Kong by level of
study and age group, 2011
59
Table 5.5
Proportion of ethnic minorities

studying full-time courses in
educational institutions in Hong
Kong by ethnicity and place of study,
2011
61
Table 6.1
Labour force participation rates of

ethnic minorities by sex, ethnicity
and age group, 2011
64
Table 6.2
Working ethnic minorities by

ethnicity and economic activity
status, 2011
69
Table 6.3
Proportion of working ethnic

occupation, 2011
73
Table 6.4

industry, 2011
78
Table 6.5

monthly income from main
employment, 2011
86
Table 6.6

minorities with fixed place of work
(excluding persons working at home)
in Hong Kong by ethnicity and place
of work, 2011
92
Table 6.7
Economically inactive ethnic

minorities by ethnicity and economic
activity status, 2001, 2006 and 2011
95
5.4
2011

5.5
2011

6.1
2011

6.2
2011

6.3
2011

6.4
2011

6.5
2011

6.6
2011

6.7
2001 2006 2011

2011
vi

List of Tables
Page
7.1
2001 2006 2011
Table 7.1
Domestic households with ethnic

minorities other than live-in foreign
domestic helpers by composition of
members and type of housing, 2001,
2006 and 2011
101
Table 7.2
Ethnic minorities other than live-in

foreign domestic helpers living in
domestic households by ethnicity and
living arrangements, 2011
104
Table 7.3
Ethnic minorities other than live-in

foreign domestic helpers living in
domestic households by ethnicity and
household composition, 2011
106
Table 7.4
Median monthly domestic household

income of domestic households with
ethnic minorities other than live-in
foreign domestic helpers by
composition of members and type of
housing, 2001, 2006 and 2011
108
Table 8.1
Proportion of ethnic minorities by

District Council district and ethnicity,
2011
110
Table 8.2
Ethnic minorities aged 5 and over by

ethnicity, whether internally migrated
and area of current residence, 2011
114
Table 8.3
Ethnic minorities by whether

internally migrated, area of residence
5 years ago and area of current
residence, 2011
115
7.2
2011

7.3
2011

7.4
2001 2006 2011

8.1
2011

8.2
2011

8.3
2011 5

2011
vii

List of Charts
Page
3.1
2001 2006 2011
Chart 3.1
Population pyramids for ethnic

minorities and the whole population,
2001, 2006 and 2011
22
Chart 5.1

15 and over by educational
attainment (highest level attended)
and sex, 2001 and 2011
55
Chart 6.1
Labour force participation rates of

ethnic minorities by sex and age
group, 2001, 2006 and 2011
67
Chart 6.2
Median monthly income from main

employment of working ethnic
minorities and whole working
population by sex and occupation,
2011
89
Chart 6.3
Median monthly income from main

employment of working ethnic
minorities and whole working
population by sex and industry, 2011
90
Chart 7.1
Percentage distribution of domestic

households with ethnic minorities
other than live-in foreign domestic
helpers and domestic households in
the whole territory by tenure of
accommodation, 2011
102
Chart 8.1
Proportion of ethnic minorities by

District Council district, 2011
112
5.1
2001 2011
15

6.1
2001 2006 2011

6.2
2011

6.3
2011

7.1
2011

8.1
2011

2011
viii

1.
1.1
1961
2 0 11 6 8 2 0 11
2011 2 011 6
30 8 2 34
1.3
2011
2000 8
1.4
Introduction
Background
10
1.2
1.
2011
2 0 11 6 3 0 3

6
3 6
3
2011
1.1
It is an established practice from 1961 for
Hong Kong to conduct a population census once every
10 years and a by-census in the middle of the intercensal
period. The 2011 Population Census was conducted in
June to August 2011.
1.2
The 2011 Population Census was conducted
in the thirty-four-day period from 30 June to 2 August
2011. It comprised a simple enumeration on ninetenths of households to provide basic information like
age and sex and a detailed enquiry to the remaining onetenth on a broad range of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of household members.
Concept and coverage

1.3
The 2011 Population Census covers the
Hong Kong Resident Population under the resident
population approach.
The resident population
approach has been adopted to compile the population
estimates of Hong Kong since August 2000. Such
change is effected in view of the greater relevance of the
resident population concept from a statistical theory
standpoint in measuring the population size of a place.
It is considered particularly appropriate to do so to take
account of the current residency and mobility patterns of
the Hong Kong population.
1.4
The Hong Kong Resident Population at the
census reference moment of the 2011 Population Census
(i.e. 3 a.m. on 30 June 2011) covers Usual Residents
and Mobile Residents. Usual Residents refer to
two categories of people: (1) Hong Kong Permanent
Residents who had stayed in Hong Kong for at least 3
months during the 6 months before or for at least 3
months during the 6 months after the census reference
moment, regardless of whether they were in Hong Kong
or not at the census reference moment; and (2) Hong
Kong Non-permanent Residents who were in Hong
Kong at the census reference moment.

1.5
Introduction
6 1
3
6 1 3
1.6
2 0 11
2001 2006
1.7
2 0 11
1.8
2001
2006 2011
2001 2006
2011
37 6
1.9
2 0 11
3 8
2001 2006
10
2011
1.5
As for Mobile Residents, they are Hong
Kong Permanent Residents who had stayed in Hong
Kong for at least 1 month but less than 3 months during
the 6 months before or for at least 1 month but less than
3 months during the 6 months after the census reference
moment, regardless of whether they were in Hong Kong
or not at the census reference moment
1.6
This report analyses the characteristics of
ethnic minorities by making use of statistical data
compiled from the 2011 Population Census.
Comparisons are made with results of the 2001
Population Census and the 2006 Population By-census.
1.7
In this report, ethnic minorities refer to
persons who reported themselves being of non-Chinese
ethnicity in the Population Census/By-census. The major
ethnic groups in tables containing statistics by ethnicity
in this report are presented in descending order of their
sizes in 2011, i.e. Asian (other than Chinese), White,
Mixed and Others. Within the major group Asian
(other than Chinese), the detailed ethnic groups are also
sorted in descending order of their sizes.
1.8
The results of the 2001 Population Census,
the 2006 Population By-census and the 2011 Population
Census presented in this report all refer to the Hong
Kong Resident Population enumerated under the
resident population approach. However, their census
reference moments are different, with the 2001
Population Census in mid-March, the 2006 Population
By-census in mid-July and the 2011 Population Census
in end-June respectively.
Report structure
1.9
This report consists of eight chapters. A
highlight of the characteristics of ethnic minorities in
Hong Kong in 2011 is provided in Chapter 2. From
Chapters 3 to 8, various characteristics of ethnic
minorities are presented with comparisons to the whole
population. Corresponding statistics in 2001 and 2006
are also presented for comparison of changes over the
past 10 years.

1.10
Introduction
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
2001
2 0 0 6 2 0 11
1.16
6
1
6
1
2011
1.10
Chapter 3 describes the size and structure of
ethnic minorities. The demographic characteristics of
ethnic minorities are examined in detail in Chapter 4.
Statistics on the marital situation, place of birth, duration
of residence in Hong Kong and usual language spoken
by ethnic minorities are presented with interpretations.
1.11
Chapter 5 analyses the situation of the
educational attainment of ethnic minorities and their
fields of education.
1.12
Chapter 6 explores the patterns
employment and income among ethnic minorities.
of
1.13
Chapter 7 describes ethnic minorities in the
context of domestic households.
The living
arrangement, housing type and household composition,
etc. of ethnic minorities are also discussed.
1.14
The geographical characteristics of ethnic
minorities in Hong Kong are contained in Chapter 8.
The geographical distribution and internal migration
pattern of ethnic minorities are also studied.
1.15
The data relating to ethnic minorities
contained in all the tables in this report are estimates
derived from the sample enquiry of the 2001 Population
Census, the 2006 Population By-census and the 2011
Population Census.
Important notes in interpreting figures

1.16
In interpreting the figures in this report, the
following three points should be noted:
(i)
Under the definition of Hong Kong Resident
Population, some ethnic minorities who
were Hong Kong Permanent Residents but
had stayed in Hong Kong for less than 1
month during the 6 months before and had
stayed in Hong Kong for less than 1 month
during the 6 months after the reference
moment of the Population Census/By-census;
or who were Hong Kong Non-permanent
Residents but were not in Hong Kong at the
reference moment were not included in the
Population Census/By-census;

Introduction
(ii)
In compiling the data, the ethnicity of the

respondents is classified in accordance with
relevant data provided by the respondents in
the Census and By-census.
In case a
respondent reported more than one ethnicity
(for example, Chinese and Indian), his/her
ethnicity is classified as Mixed; and
In the 2001 Population Census, White was
categorised according to nationality into
White British, White other European
(excluding British), White American,
Canadian, White Australian, New
Zealander and White others. For the
statistical tables by ethnicity, figures for the
first
four
groups
were
presented
independently while those of White
others were included in Others. In order
to avoid confusion with nationality, there is
only a single group White in this report.
As a result, the 2001 figures for Others in
statistical tables by ethnicity presented in this
report are different from those presented in
the report of the 2001 Population Census.
2 0 0 1
(iii)
2001
2001
1.17
Symbols
..
0.0
..
0.0
0.05%
1.18
1.17
The following symbols are used throughout
the publication :
2011
Nil
Not applicable
Less than 0.05%
Nil figures
1.18
Nil figures or figures very close to zero are
indicated by - in this report.

Introduction
1.19
2011
Rounding of figures
1.19
Owing to rounding, there may be a slight
discrepancy between the sum of individual items and the
total as shown in the tables. All dollar values presented
in this report are rounded to the nearest ten of Hong
Kong dollar.

Summary
2.
2.1
2. Summary
3 8
15
2.1
Chapters 3-8 of this report provide a detailed
analysis on ethnic minorities. Salient findings are
highlighted in paragraphs 2.2 - 2.28 of this chapter. For
ease of reference, key statistics of ethnic minorities are
listed on pages 13 to 15.
Size and structure
2.2
2.28
13
2.2
2 0 11 451 183
6.4%
29.6%
2 9 .5% 12.2%
6.4% 6.3%
4 .0% 3.7%
2 .8% 2 .5%
1 .6% 1.2% 0.3%
98.7%
5 918 1.3%
10
31.2% 2001 343 950 2011
451 183
2.3
295
876
1 039
939
2.4
63.6% 25 44
33.7
4 1 .7 7 .9
3 5 .4
3 3 .4
4 2 .0 41.4
2011
2.2
A total of 451 183 ethnic minorities,
constituting 6.4% of the whole population in Hong
Kong, were living in Hong Kong in 2011. They
comprised Indonesians (29.6%), Filipinos (29.5%),
Whites (12.2%), Mixed (6.4%), Indians (6.3%),
Pakistanis (4.0%), Nepalese (3.7%), Japanese (2.8%),
Thais (2.5%), Other Asians (1.6%), Koreans (1.2%) and
Others (0.3%). The majority of ethnic minorities in Hong
Kong were Usual Residents (98.7%) while only 5 918
(1.3%) were Mobile Residents. The number of ethnic
minorities in Hong Kong increased significantly by
31.2% over the past 10 years, from 343 950 in 2001 to
451 183 in 2011.
2.3
The age-sex structure of ethnic minorities
was distinctly different from that of the whole
population. The sex ratio (i.e. number of males per
1 000 females) of ethnic minorities was 295, as
compared with the overall sex ratio of 876. After
excluding foreign domestic helpers, sex ratio of ethnic
minorities returned to 1 039 which was higher than that
of the whole population of 939.
2.4
For all ethnic minorities, 63.6% of them aged
25-44. Besides, the median age for all ethnic minorities
was 33.7, which was 7.9 years lower than that of the
whole population of 41.7. The median age for males
and females was 35.4 and 33.4 respectively which were
lower than those for both males and females of the whole
population (42.0 and 41.4 respectively).

Summary
2.5
15

34.1% 58.3%
31.6% 57.7%
2.6
2 3 7 280
8 8 422 37.3%

1 0 095
7 8 327
2 7 .1%
1 7 .7% 9.4%
2.7
13.3% 86.7%
42.4%
7
87.8%
2.8
44.2%
31.7%
3 .7% 3.6%
2.2% 1.0%
0.3%
2.9
3 5 17 18 19
24
86.9% 75.7% 1 3 .8%
91.3% 86.0%
4 3.8%
2011
Demographic characteristics
2.5
The distribution of ethnic minorities in
respect of marital status was generally comparable with
that of the whole population. The proportions of never
married and now married ethnic minorities aged 15 and
over in Hong Kong were 34.1% and 58.3% respectively,
while the corresponding proportions for the whole
population aged 15 and over were 31.6% and 57.7%
respectively.
2.6
Among 237 280 now married ethnic
minorities, 88 422 (37.3%) of them were living with
their spouse in the same household in Hong Kong.
After excluding 10 095 persons of ethnicities belonging
to Other Asian, Mixed and Others from these
88 422 persons, 27.1% of the remaining 78 327 persons
were not of the same ethnicity as their spouse, including
17.7% with Chinese spouse and 9.4% with spouse of
other ethnicity.
2.7
Among ethnic minorities in Hong Kong, only
13.3% them were born in Hong Kong while a great
majority (86.7%) of them were born outside Hong Kong.
A total of 42.4% of ethnic minorities had resided in
Hong Kong for 7 years or more, which was much lower
than the 87.8% for the whole population.
2.8
Among ethnic minorities aged 5 and over,
English was the language most commonly spoken at
home, with 44.2% of them reporting as such. This was
followed by Cantonese (31.7%), Filipino (3.7%),
Indonesian (3.6%), Japanese (2.2%), Putonghua (1.0%)
and other Chinese dialects (other than Cantonese and
Putonghua) (0.3%).
Education characteristics
2.9
The school attendance rates for age groups
3-5, 17-18 and 19-24 were 86.9%, 75.7% and 13.8%
respectively for ethnic minorities while those for the
whole population were 91.3%, 86.0% and 43.8%
respectively.

2.10
Summary
15
15
1 .2% 1 5
6 .3% 1 5
70.3% 1 5
59.4%
2.11
15
2 9 .5%
27.3%
2.12
30.8 % 21.6%
2.13
4 2 079
34.6%
34.7% 30.7%
18.1%
34.9% 47.0%
2.14
86.9%
59.7%
2.15
349 700 86.0%

9.9%
219
1 061
2011
2.10
The educational attainment, in terms of the
highest level attended, of ethnic minorities aged 15 and
over was relatively higher than the whole population
aged 15 and over. The proportion of ethnic minorities
with no schooling or only attended pre-primary
education was 1.2%, which was lower than the
proportion for the whole population aged 15 and over
(6.3%). Besides, the proportion of ethnic minorities
aged 15 and over who had attended upper secondary or
higher education amounted to 70.3% which was much
higher than that for the whole population (59.4%).
2.11
There were 29.5% of ethnic minorities aged
15 and over having attended post-secondary education,
as compared to the 27.3% of the whole population.
2.12
Same as the whole population, the two most
popular fields of education reported by ethnic minorities
having attended post-secondary education were
Business and commercial studies and Arts and social
science, in which 30.8% and 21.6% of the ethnic
minorities having attended post-secondary education
were in these two fields respectively.
2.13
34.6% of the 42 079 ethnic minorities
studying full-time courses in educational institutions in
Hong Kong studied on Hong Kong Island, while 34.7%
in Kowloon and 30.7% in the New Territories. The
distribution of the place of study for the whole
population was considerably different from that of ethnic
minorities, with 18.1% on Hong Kong Island, 34.9% in
Kowloon and 47.0% in the New Territories.
Labour force
2.14
The labour force participation rate for ethnic
minorities was 86.9%, which was significantly higher
than the whole population (59.7%).
2.15
A total of 349 700 (86.0%) of ethnic
minorities in Hong Kong were working population,
constituting 9.9% of the whole working population.
Sex ratio of the working ethnic minorities was 219 males
per 1 000 females which extremely contrasted the ratio
for the whole working population at 1 061. After

Summary
1 722
2.16
7 5 .8 %
2 7 .0 % 3 3 .7 %

2.17
7 4 .2 %
6 .2 %
4 .1 %
2.18
3 ,6 0 0
20,000
11,000
2.19
8 6 621 24.8%

49.3%
27.4%
23.3%
31.3% 35.4% 33.3%
2011
excluding foreign domestic helpers, sex ratio of the

working ethnic minorities was 1 722 which was even
higher than that for the whole working population.
2.16
The majority (75.8%) of the working ethnic
minorities were engaged in Elementary occupations.
On the other hand, about 27.0% and 33.7% of ethnic
minorities other than foreign domestic helpers were
Managers and administrators and Professionals/
associate professionals respectively.
2.17
There were 74.2% of the working ethnic
minorities employed in the Miscellaneous social and
personal services
sector, followed by the
Import/export, wholesale and retail trades sector
(6.2%) and the Real estate, professional and business
services sector (4.1%).
2.18
The median monthly income from main
employment of the working ethnic minorities was $3,600
and the median of the working ethnic minorities with
foreign domestic helpers excluded was $20,000. The
former was lower than the median of the whole working
population ($11,000), while the latter was higher than
that figure.
2.19
A total of 86 621 (24.8%) of the working
ethnic minorities had fixed place of work in Hong Kong
(excluding those working at home). Some 49.3% of
them worked on Hong Kong Island, while 27.4% in
Kowloon and 23.3% in the New Territories. The
distribution of the place of work for the whole
population was distinctly different from that of ethnic
minorities, with 31.3% on Hong Kong Island, 35.4% in
Kowloon and 33.3% in the New Territories.
10

Summary
2.20
2011 4 4 7 134 99.1%
3 1 0 406
13.1% 8 6 968
73.8%
26.2%
2.21
8 6 968
77.6%
5 2 .5%
14.3%
4.2% 4.0%
2.22
25.4%
52.1%
66.4%
44.4%
2.23
4 8 .9 %
1.5%
4 7 .4% 3 3 .3%
10.5% 7.4%
5.9%

34.3%
2011
Living arrangements and household

characteristics
2.20
In 2011, 447 134 (99.1%) of ethnic minorities
lived in domestic households (i.e. a group of persons
who live together and make common provision for
essentials for living). There were 310 406 domestic
households with one or more ethnic minorities,
constituting 13.1% of the domestic households in Hong
Kong. Among these households, there were 86 968
households with ethnic minorities other than live-in
foreign domestic helpers, including 73.8% of them with
all members being ethnic minorities and 26.2%
comprising both Chinese members and ethnic minorities
other than live-in foreign domestic helpers.
2.21
Among the 86 968 domestic households with
ethnic minorities other than live-in foreign domestic
helpers, the proportion of them living in private
permanent housing was 77.6%, which was much higher
than that of all domestic households (52.5%). The
remaining households lived in public rental housing
(14.3%), subsidized sale flats (4.2%) and others (4.0%).
2.22
Among the domestic households with ethnic
minorities other than live-in foreign domestic helpers,
the proportion of them owning their residential quarters
was 25.4%, which was remarkably lower than that for all
the domestic households at 52.1%.
Besides, the
proportion of households with ethnic minorities renting
their quarters was 66.4%, which was significantly higher
than that for all domestic households at 44.4%.
2.23
About half (48.9%) of ethnic minorities
live-in foreign domestic helpers lived with spouse and/or
child(ren) (including 1.5% with parent(s) and 47.4% not
with parent(s)), 33.3% lived with their parent(s) only,
10.5% lived on their own and 7.4% lived with other
persons. Higher proportion of ethnic minorities lived on
their own than the whole population (5.9%) while the
proportion of ethnic minorities living with their parent(s)
only was broadly comparable with that for the whole
population (34.3%).
11

2.24
Summary
69.3%
10.5%
4 .7% 5 .9 % 1 .5 %
2.25
2 0 11
3 5 ,000
2 0 ,500 7 0 .7%
2.26
2011 32.5%
27.1% 4 0 .4%
18.0% 29.8% 52.2%
2.27
18
9.7%
9.2% 8.4%
2.28
5 76 462
5
17.6% 5
12.8%
2011
2.24
Similar to the whole population, the majority
(69.3%) of ethnic minorities (other than live-in foreign
domestic helpers) lived in nuclear family households.
Notwithstanding that the proportions of ethnic minorities
living in one-person households and households
comprising unrelated persons only were just 10.5% and
4.7% respectively, they were higher than those of the
whole population at 5.9% and 1.5% respectively.
2.25
The median monthly household income of
domestic households with ethnic minorities other than
live-in foreign domestic helpers was $35,000 in 2011,
which was 70.7% higher than the $20,500 for all
domestic households.
Characteristics of the districts

2.26
In 2011, some 32.5% of ethnic minorities
resided on Hong Kong Island, while 27.1% and 40.4% in
Kowloon and the New Territories respectively. The
corresponding proportions of the whole land population
living on Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and New
Territories were 18.0%, 29.8% and 52.2% respectively.
2.27
Among the 18 District Council districts, the
proportion of ethnic minorities residing in Central and
Western among all ethnic minorities in Hong Kong was
the largest at 9.7%, followed by Eastern (9.2%) and Yau
Tsim Mong (8.4%).
2.28
Altogether
76 462
ethnic
minorities,
representing 17.6% of all ethnic minorities aged 5 and
over, had migrated internally in the past 5 years. This
proportion was higher than the 12.8% of the whole
population aged 5 and over.
12

Summary
2011
Key statistics of ethnic minorities, 2011
Ethnic minorities
Others(1)
Total/
Overall
Whole
population
29 001
1 335
451 183
7 071 576
1 547
902
2 750
295
876
33.6
38.5
21.0
34.9
33.7
41.7
58.4
64.5
40.3
65.4
58.3
57.7
73.8
86.7
60.3
95.7
74.6
46.1
23.2
73.9
32.6
72.0
29.5
27.3
81.3
84.9
64.4
72.4
80.7
67.0
91.4
56.7
56.8
33.1
88.5
53.4
90.1
74.4
60.4
62.1
86.9
59.7
16,000
59,000
12,800
25,000
25,000
13,000
3,580
30,000
10,000
25,000
3,580
9,500
3,580
46,000
11,500
25,000
3,600
11,000
3.6
40.5
11.7
33.6
7.4
10.1
4.5
46.3
26.9
47.7
9.2
26.1
4.6
8.5
35.5
10.4
5.9
31.8
1.2
2.5
9.9
5.3
1.6
12.4
86.0
2.2
15.8
3.0
75.8
19.5
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.1
(1)
Asian
(other than
Chinese)
White
Mixed
365 611
55 236
176
Demographic characteristics
Population
Sex ratio (males per 1 000 females)
Median age
(2)
Proportion of now married population (%)(2)

(3)
Proportion of population able to

speak English (%)(3)
Education
(4)
Proportion of population with

post-secondary education (%)(4)
Labour force
Labour force participation rate (%)
Male
Female
Both sexes
Median monthly income from

main employment (HK$)
Male
Female
Both sexes
Proportion of working population by

occupation (%)
Managers and administrators
Professionals/associate professionals
Clerical support workers/ service and

sales workers
Craft and related workers, plant and

machine operators and assemblers
Elementary occupations
Skilled agricultural and fishery workers;

and occupations not classifiable
2011
13

Summary
2011
Key statistics of ethnic minorities, 2011 (contd.)
Ethnic minorities
Total/
Overall
(1)
Asian
(other than
Chinese)
White
Mixed
Others(1)
0.5
2.7
4.9
0.6
0.8
4.0
1.0
4.2
7.2
3.0
1.5
7.8
4.6
16.0
21.3
16.7
6.2
22.7
1.2
9.6
10.0
18.9
2.3
8.9
2.4
3.5
8.3
1.8
2.7
7.9
0.6
6.3
3.8
6.8
1.2
3.3
1.7
17.9
6.6
19.2
3.4
6.2
2.4
17.1
11.6
11.7
4.1
13.0
1.4
19.4
13.5
20.7
3.5
14.5
84.2
2.8
11.9
0.6
74.2
11.0
0.1
0.4
0.8
0.1
0.8
9.0
15.5
6.3
23.4
10.5
5.9
30.1
24.2
63.8
18.2
33.3
34.3
53.6
51.1
25.7
49.2
48.9
52.6
7.3
9.2
4.1
9.2
7.4
7.3
29.9
53.5
27.1
31.6
32.5
18.0
29.5
11.5
25.0
33.2
27.1
29.8
40.6
35.0
47.9
35.2
40.4
52.2
Whole
population
Labour force (contd.)
Proportion of working population by

industry (%)
Manufacturing
Construction
Import/export, wholesale and retail trades
Transport, storage, postal and courier services
Accommodation and food services
Information and communications
Financing and insurance
Real estate, professional and business services
Public administration, education, human health

and social work activities
Miscellaneous social and personal services

(5)
Others(5)
(6) Living arrangements(6)
Proportion of population by
living arrangements (%)
Living alone
Living with parent(s) only

(7)
Living with spouse and/or child(ren)(7)

(8)
Others(8)
C haracteristics of the districts
Proportion of population by area (%)
Hong Kong Island
Kowloon
New Territories
2011
14

Summary
2011
Key statistics of ethnic minorities, 2011 (contd.)

Ethnic minorities
Whole population
64 158
..
22 810
..
86 968
2 368 796
2.7
..
3.3
..
2.9
2.9
37,500
..
30,000
..
35,000
20,500
Household characteristics
Number of domestic households
With all members being ethnic minorities
With both Chinese members and ethnic minorities other than live-in foreign domestic helpers
Total
Average domestic household size
Overall
Median monthly domestic household income (HK$)
Overall
(1)
(2) 15
(3) 5
(4) 15
(5)
(6)
Notes : (1) The figures include Black, Latin American, etc.

(2) The figures refer to the proportion of now married population to the
population aged 15 and over.
(3) The figures refer to the proportion of population able to speak English to
the population aged 5 and over (excluding mute persons).
(4) The figures refer to the proportion of population with post-secondary
education to the population aged 15 and over.
(5) Others include such industries as Agriculture, forestry and fishing,
Mining and quarrying, Electricity and gas supply, Water supply;
sewerage, waste management and remediation activities and industrial
activities inadequately described or unclassifiable.
(6) Figures cover the population living in domestic households only.
Figures for the ethnic minorities exclude live-in foreign domestic
helpers.
(7) Figures include ethnic minorities living with spouse and/or child(ren), no
matter living with parent(s) or not.
(8 Figures include ethnic minorities living with person(s) other than
parent(s), spouse and child(ren).
(7)
(8)
2011
15

3.
3. Size and Structure
Size
2 0 11 4 5 1 1 8 3
3 .1

6 .4 % 8 1 .0 %
1 2 .2 % 6 .4 %
0 .3 %
2 9 .6 %
2 9 .5 %
6 .3 % 4 .0 %
3 .7 % 2 .8 %
2 .5 % 1 . 2 %
1 .6 %
3.2
3 .1
10
31.2% 2001 343 950 2011

451 183 10
2 0 0 1
5 0 4 9 4 2 0 11 1 3 3 377

1 4 .7 %
2 9 .6 %
2001
142 556
2 0 11
1 3 3 018
2 0 0 1 4 1 .4 % 2 0 11
3.1
2 9 .5 %
3.3
2 0 11 98.7%
1 .3%
3.2
The number of ethnic minorities in Hong
Kong increased significantly by 31.2% over the past 10
years, from 343 950 in 2001 to 451 183 in 2011. There
had been changes in the composition of ethnic minorities
in the past 10 years. For example, the number of
Indonesians increased substantially from 50 494 in 2001
to 133 377 in 2011, while their proportion in all ethnic
minorities increased from 14.7% to 29.6%. On the
other hand, the number of Filipinos decreased from
142 556 in 2001 to 133 018 in 2011, while their
proportion in all ethnic minorities decreased from 41.4%
in 2001 to 29.5% in 2011. (Table 3.1)
3.3
The majority of ethnic minorities in 2011
were Usual Residents (98.7%) while only 1.3% were
Mobile Residents. (Table 3.2)
17
2011
3.2
3.1
A total of 451 183 ethnic minorities,
constituting 6.4% of the whole population in Hong
Kong, were living in Hong Kong in 2001. They
comprised Asians (other than Chinese) (81.0%), Whites
(12.2%), Mixed (6.4%) and Others (0.3%). Analysed
by ethnic groups of Asians (other than Chinese), the
majority of them were Indonesians (29.6%) and Filipinos
(29.5%). The remaining included Indians (6.3%),
Pakistanis (4.0%), Nepalese (3.7%), Japanese (2.8%),
Thais (2.5%), Koreans (1.2%) and Other Asians (1.6%).
(Table 3.1)

3.1
Size and Structure
2001 2006 2011
Table 3.1 Ethnic minorities by ethnicity, 2001, 2006 and 2011
2001
2006
2011
Ethnicity
Number
Number
Number
50 494
14.7
87 840
25.7
133 377
29.6
142 556
41.4
112 453
32.9
133 018
29.5
18 543
5.4
20 444
6.0
28 616
6.3
11 017
3.2
11 111
3.2
18 042
4.0
12 564
3.7
15 950
4.7
16 518
3.7
14 180
4.1
13 189
3.9
12 580
2.8
14 342
4.2
11 900
3.5
11 213
2.5
5 263
1.5
4 812
1.4
5 209
1.2
7 572
2.2
7 851
2.3
7 038
1.6
276 531
80.4
285 550
83.4
365 611
81.0
46 584
13.5
36 384
10.6
55 236
12.2
16 587
4.8
14 932
4.4
24 649
5.5
2 854
0.8
3 160
0.9
4 352
1.0
19 441
5.7
18 092
5.3
29 001
6.4
1 394
0.4
2 172
0.6
1 335
0.3
343 950
100.0
342 198
100.0
451 183
100.0
Asian (other than Chinese)
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other Mixed
Sub-total
(1)
Others(1)
Total
6 708 389
6 864 346
7 071 576
Whole population
(1)
2011
Note :
(1) The figures include Black, Latin American, etc.
18

3.2
Size and Structure
2011
Table 3.2 Ethnic minorities by ethnicity and usual residents/mobile residents, 2011
Ethnicity
White
Mixed
Usual residents
Mobile residents
Total
(1)
Number
(Percentage(1))
(1)
Number
(Percentage(1))
(1)
Number
(Percentage(1))
362 452
(99.1)
81.4
3 159
(0.9)
53.4
365 611
(100.0)
81.0
53 280
(96.5)
12.0
1 956
(3.5)
33.1
55 236
(100.0)
12.2
28 235
(97.4)
6.3
766
(2.6)
12.9
29 001
(100.0)
6.4
1 298
(97.2)
0.3
37
(2.8)
0.6
1 335
(100.0)
0.3
445 265
(98.7)
100.0
5 918
(1.3)
100.0
451 183
(100.0)
100.0
(2)
Others(2)
Total
Whole population
6 859 341
(97.0)
(1)
(2)
2011
212 235
(3.0)
Notes :
7 071 576
(100.0)
(1) Figures in brackets represent the percentages in respect of the total.

19

Size and Structure
3.4
2 0 11
8 8 .0 %
1 5 6 4 9 .8% 1 5
2 .2% 6 5
25 54
7 5 .8 %
4 9 .6 % 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 6
3.1 3.3
2 0 11
3.5
3 3 .7 4 1 .7
7.9 2 0 0 6
3 2 .9 3 9 .6 2 0 0 1
3 1 .8 3 6 .7
3 5 .4 3 3 .4
4 2 .0 4 1 .4
2 1 .0
3.3
3.6
2 0 11
295 876
99%
1 0 3 9 9 3 9
3.4
2011
Age and sex structure

3.4
The age-sex structure of ethnic minorities
was distinctly different from that of the whole
population. For all ethnic minorities in 2011, 88.0% of
them were aged 15-64. Another 9.8% of ethnic
minorities were aged below 15, while 2.2% were aged
65 and over. There was a greater proportion (75.8%) of
ethnic minorities in the prime working ages 25-54 than
that of the whole population (49.6%). The age-sex
structure of ethnic minorities in 2001 and 2006 was
broadly similar. (Chart 3.1 and Table 3.3)
3.5
In 2011, the median age for all ethnic
minorities was 33.7, which was 7.9 years lower than that
of the whole population of 41.7. The discrepancy was
widened when compared to the corresponding figures in
2006 (32.9 and 39.6 respectively) and 2001 (31.8 and
36.7 respectively). Analysed by sex, the median age
for male ethnic minorities and that for female ethnic
minorities were 35.4 and 33.4 respectively and both
were lower than those for the whole population (42.0
and 41.4 respectively). Analysed by ethnic group, the
median age of Mixed at 21.0 was the lowest. This
might be due to the birth of children of some ethnic
minorities in Hong Kong who were married to persons
not of the same ethnicity. (Table 3.3)
3.6
The sex composition of population can be
measured by sex ratio, which is defined as the number
of males per 1 000 females. In 2011, the sex ratio of
ethnic minorities was 295, which was much smaller than
that of the whole population of 876. This was
attributable to the fact that around half of the ethnic
minorities in Hong Kong were foreign domestic helpers,
of whom some 99% were females. After excluding the
foreign domestic helpers, the overall sex ratio of ethnic
minorities rose to 1 039 which was higher than that of
the whole population of 939. (Table 3.4)
20

3.7
Size and Structure
15
15 24 25
34 35 44 45 54
400
3.8
3.4
2 0 11
1 000 176
902 1 000
1 547 7
63 117
1 262 1 131 1 128

35 64
25 44
3.4
2011
3.7
Further analysed by age and sex, it is worth
noting that the number of male ethnic minorities was
greater than that of their female counterparts in the age
group below 15. In contrast, the sex ratios of 400 or
below in age groups 15-24, 25-34, 35-44 and 45-54 of
ethnic minorities indicate that males were far
outnumbered by their female counterparts in the above
age groups. After excluding foreign domestic helpers,
the gap in the ratios of males and females for these age
groups narrowed down significantly. (Table 3.4)
3.8
There were considerable variations in the sex
composition between different ethnic groups. In 2011,
the sex ratios for Asians (other than Chinese) and Mixed
were below parity at 176 and 902 respectively while that
for Whites was above parity at 1 547. Among Asians
(other than Chinese), the sex ratios of Indonesians (7),
Filipinos (63) and Thais (117) were extremely low. On
the other hand, the situation reversed for Pakistanis,
Japanese and Nepalese with sex ratios of 1 262, 1 131
and 1 128 respectively. In fact, the high sex ratios for
Whites, Japanese, Nepalese and Pakistanis aged 35-64
indicate the presence of a large number of men of these
ethnic groups working in Hong Kong, perhaps leaving
behind their families in their home countries. The very
low sex ratios for Indonesians, Filipinos and Thais at
ages 25-44 obviously reflect the presence of female
foreign domestic helpers. (Table 3.4)
21

3.1
Size and Structure
2001 2006 2011
Chart 3.1 Population pyramids for ethnic minorities and the whole population, 2001, 2006 and
2011
2001
Ethnic minorities
Age group
85+
80 84
75 79
70 74
65 69
60 64
55 59
50 54
45 49
40 44
35 39
30 34
25 29
20 24
15 19
10 14
59
04
Male
Female
Foreign
domestic helpers
600
500
400
300
200
100
100
200
300
400
500
600
Hundreds
Whole population
Age group
85+
85+
8080-84
84
75 79
7070-74
74
65 69
6060-64
64
55 59
5050-54
54
45 49
4040-44
44
35 39
3030-34
34
25 29
2020-24
24
15 19
1010-14
14
59
0 0-4
4
Male
Female
Foreign
domestic helpers
600
500
400
300
200
100
600 500 400 300 200 100
100
200
300
400
500
600
100 200 300 400 500 600
Thousands
2011
22

3.1
Size and Structure
2001 2006 2011
2011 (cont'd.)
2006
Ethnic minorities
Age group
85+
80 84
75 79
70 74
65 69
60 64
55 59
50 54
45 49
40 44
35 39
30 34
25 29
20 24
15 19
10 14
59
04
Male
Female
Foreign
domestic helpers
600
500
400
300
200
100
100
200
300
400
500
600
Hundreds
Whole population
Age group
85+
85+
80 84
80-84
75 79
70 74
70-74
65 69
60 64
60-64
55 59
50 54
50-54
45 49
4040-44
44
35 39
3030-34
34
25 29
2020-24
24
15 19
1010-14
14
59
0 0-4
4
Male
Female
Foreign
domestic helpers
600
500
400
300
200
100
600 500 400 300 200 100 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
100 200 300 400 500 600
Thousands
2011
23

3.1
Size and Structure
2001 2006 2011
2011 (cont'd.)
2011
Ethnic minorities
Age group
85+
80 84
75 79
70 74
65 69
60 64
55 59
50 54
45 49
40 44
35 39
30 34
25 29
20 24
15 19
10 14
59
04
Male
Female
Foreign
domestic helpers
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Hundreds
Whole population
Age group
85+
85+
80 84
7580-84
79
70 74
70-74
65 69
60 64
60-64
55 59
5050-54
54
45 49
4040-44
44
35 39
3030-34
34
25 29
2020-24
24
15 19
1010-14
14
59
0 0-4
4
Male
Female
Foreign
domestic helpers
600 500 400 300 200 100

600
500 400 300 200 100
100
200 300 400 500 600

100 200
300 400 500 600
Thousands
2011
24

3.3
Size and Structure
2001 2006 2011
Table 3.3 Ethnic minorities by ethnicity and age group, 2001, 2006 and 2011
Year
Ethnicity
< 15
15 24
25 34
Age group
35 44
45 54
55 64
65+
Total
Median
age
(1)
Number (Percentage(1))
2001
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
165
(0.3)
2 680
(1. 9)
3 690
(19.9)
3 131
(28.4)
1 305
(10.4)
3 251
(22.9)
233
(1.6)
1 423
(27.0)
736
(9.7)
16 614
(6.0)
9 533
(20.5)
21 098
(41.8)
12 227
(8.6)
2 580
(13.9)
2 256
(20.5)
2 781
(22.1)
336
(2.4)
910
(6.3)
321
(6.1)
990
(13.1)
43 499
(15.7)
2 581
(5.5)
23 069
(45.7)
63 485
(44.5)
4 972
(26.8)
2 783
(25.3)
5 121
(40.8)
3 519
(24.8)
4 533
(31.6)
1 286
(24.4)
2 587
(34.2)
111 355
(40.3)
10 693
(23.0)
4 463
(8.8)
48 654
(34.1)
3 005
(16.2)
1 122
(10.2)
2 021
(16.1)
4 444
(31.3)
5 155
(35.9)
1 462
(27.8)
1 804
(23.8)
72 130
(26.1)
12 252
(26.3)
866
(1.7)
13 624
(9.6)
2 221
(12.0)
627
(5.7)
543
(4.3)
1 656
(11.7)
2 822
(19.7)
525
(10.0)
843
(11.1)
23 727
(8.6)
7 424
(15.9)
486
(1.0)
1 609
(1.1)
1 326
(7.2)
810
(7.4)
722
(5.7)
774
(5.5)
605
(4.2)
163
(3.1)
326
(4.3)
6 821
(2.5)
3 091
(6.6)
347
(0.7)
277
(0.2)
749
(4.0)
288
(2.6)
71
(0.6)
200
(1.4)
84
(0.6)
83
(1.6)
286
(3.8)
2 385
(0.9)
1 010
(2.2)
50 494
(100.0)
142 556
(100.0)
18 543
(100.0)
11 017
(100.0)
12 564
(100.0)
14 180
(100.0)
14 342
(100.0)
5 263
(100.0)
7 572
(100.0)
276 531
(100.0)
46 584
(100.0)
26.2
9 573
(57.7)
2 049
(71.8)
11 622
(59.8)
279
(20.0)
38 048
(11.1)
3 386
(20.4)
216
(7.6)
3 602
(18.5)
158
(11.3)
49 840
(14.5)
1 303
(7.9)
2 59
(9.1)
1 562
(8.0)
320
(23.0)
123 930
(36.0)
1 159
(7.0)
185
(6.5)
1 344
(6.9)
359
(25.8)
86 085
(25.0)
545
(3.3)
91
(3.2)
636
(3.3)
216
(15.5)
32 003
(9.3)
380
(2.3)
36
(1.3)
416
(2.1)
25
(1.8)
10 353
(3.0)
241
(1.5)
18
(0.6)
259
(1.3)
37
(2.7)
3 691
(1.1)
16 587
(100.0)
2 854
(100.0)
19 441
(100.0)
1 394
(100.0)
343 950
(100.0)
12.0
920 445 1 108 529 1 360 487

(13.7)
(16.5)
(20.3)
960 417
(14.3)
502 042
(7.5)
747 052 6 708 389

(11.1)
(100.0)
36.7
33.9
30.9
25.3
28.8
35.0
37.7
32.6
32.6
31.9
35.3
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Sub-total
(2)
Others(2)
Total
Whole population
2011
1 109 417
(16.5)
25
6.2
11.1
33.5
31.8

3.3
Size and Structure
2001 2006 2011
Table 3.3 Ethnic minorities by ethnicity and age group, 2001, 2006 and 2011 (cont'd.)
Year
Ethnicity
< 15
15 24
25 34
Age group
35 44
45 54
55 64
65+
Total
Median
age
(1)
2006
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
226
(0.3)
2 467
(2.2)
3 695
(18.1)
3 826
(34.4)
2 892
(18.1)
2 867
(21.7)
366
(3.1)
876
(18.2)
721
(9.2)
17 936
(6.3)
6 002
(16.5)
21 656
(24.7)
7 616
(6.8)
1 961
(9.6)
1 378
(12.4)
1 861
(11.7)
466
(3.5)
578
(4.9)
424
(8.8)
664
(8.5)
36 604
(12.8)
2 185
(6.0)
49 817
(56.7)
39 935
(35.5)
5 537
(27.1)
2 717
(24.5)
5 284
(33.1)
2 263
(17.2)
2 446
(20.6)
788
(16.4)
2 134
(27.2)
110 921
(38.8)
7 256
(19.9)
12 557
(14.3)
42 163
(37.5)
4 193
(20.5)
1 562
(14.1)
3 853
(24.2)
4 594
(34.8)
4 157
(34.9)
1 637
(34.0)
1 935
(24.6)
76 651
(26.8)
10 144
(27.9)
2 284
(2.6)
16 973
(15.1)
1 920
(9.4)
589
(5.3)
881
(5.5)
1 983
(15.0)
2 944
(24.7)
731
(15.2)
1 215
(15.5)
29 520
(10.3)
5 954
(16.4)
828
(0.9)
2 646
(2.4)
2 172
(10.6)
510
(4.6)
852
(5.3)
745
(5.6)
1 045
(8.8)
237
(4.9)
651
(8.3)
9 686
(3.4)
3 258
(9.0)
472
(0.5)
653
(0.6)
966
(4.7)
529
(4.8)
327
(2.1)
271
(2.1)
364
(3.1)
119
(2.5)
531
(6.8)
4 232
(1.5)
1 585
(4.4)
87 840
(100.0)
112 453
(100.0)
20 444
(100.0)
11 111
(100.0)
15 950
(100.0)
13 189
(100.0)
11 900
(100.0)
4 812
(100.0)
7 851
(100.0)
285 550
(100.0)
36 384
(100.0)
28.5
6 177
(41.4)
1 887
(59.7)
8 064
(44.6)
287
(13.2)
32 289
(9.4)
2 536
(17.0)
478
(15.1)
3 014
(16.7)
133
(6.1)
41 936
(12.3)
1 805
(12.1)
451
(14.3)
2 256
(12.5)
456
(21.0)
120 889
(35.3)
1 353
(9.1)
229
(7.2)
1 582
(8.7)
641
(29.5)
89 018
(26.0)
1 331
(8.9)
77
(2.4)
1 408
(7.8)
394
(18.1)
37 276
(10.9)
1 020
(6.8)
8
(0.3)
1 028
(5.7)
195
(9.0)
14 167
(4.1)
710
(4.8)
30
(0.9)
740
(4.1)
66
(3.0)
6 623
(1.9)
14 932
(100.0)
3 160
(100.0)
18 092
(100.0)
2 172
(100.0)
342 198
(100.0)
19.5
909 005 1 052 126 1 248 855 1 193 788

(13.2)
(15.3)
(18.2)
(17.4)
668 101
(9.7)
852 796 6 864 346

(12.4)
(100.0)
39.6
36.2
33.4
26.7
31.3
37.6
41.0
36.7
36.9
32.8
37.5
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Sub-total
(2)
Others(2)
Total
Whole population
2011
939 675
(13.7)
26
11.0
17.7
38.6
32.9

3.3
Size and Structure
2001 2006 2011
Table 3.3 Ethnic minorities by ethnicity and age group, 2001, 2006 and 2011 (cont'd.)
Year
Ethnicity
< 15
15 24
25 34
Age group
35 44
45 54
55 64
65+
Total
Median
age
(1)
2011
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
30.7
302
(0.2)
2 918
(2.2)
5 767
(20.2)
7 148
(39.6)
3 562
(21.6)
2 152
(17.1)
398
(3.5)
897
(17.2)
840
(11.9)
23 984
(6.6)
9 295
(16.8)
12 405
(9.3)
4 016
(3.0)
2 965
(10.4)
2 130
(11.8)
2 521
(15.3)
377
(3.0)
266
(2.4)
290
(5.6)
680
(9.7)
25 650
(7.0)
4 031
(7.3)
85 764
(64.3)
45 840
(34.5)
7 175
(25.1)
3 678
(20.4)
3 923
(23.7)
1 724
(13.7)
1 540
(13.7)
958
(18.4)
1 626
(23.1)
152 228
(41.6)
9 512
(17.2)
31 846
(23.9)
48 555
(36.5)
5 880
(20.5)
3 068
(17.0)
3 850
(23.3)
3 893
(30.9)
3 563
(31.8)
1 552
(29.8)
1 634
(23.2)
103 841
(28.4)
13 197
(23.9)
2 255
(1.7)
25 243
(19.0)
3 113
(10.9)
816
(4.5)
1 836
(11.1)
2 694
(21.4)
3 405
(30.4)
854
(16.4)
1 180
(16.8)
41 396
(11.3)
10 149
(18.4)
483
(0.4)
5 768
(4.3)
1756
(6.1)
627
(3.5)
474
(2.9)
1 244
(9.9)
1 656
(14.8)
463
(8.9)
725
(10.3)
13 196
(3.6)
5 855
(10.6)
322
(0.2)
678
(0.5)
1 960
(6.8)
575
(3.2)
352
(2.1)
496
(3.9)
385
(3.4)
195
(3.7)
353
(5.0)
5 316
(1.5)
3 197
(5.8)
133 377
(100.0)
133 018
(100.0)
28 616
(100.0)
18 042
(100.0)
16 518
(100.0)
12 580
(100.0)
11 213
(100.0)
5 209
(100.0)
7 038
(100.0)
365 611
(100.0)
55 236
(100.0)
8 429
(34.2)
2 397
(55.1)
10 826
(37.3)
215
(16.1)
44 320
(9.8)
4 449
(18.0)
558
(12.8)
5 007
(17.3)
80
(6.0)
34 768
(7.7)
3 544
(14.4)
619
(14.2)
4 163
(14.4)
380
(28.5)
166 283
(36.9)
2 899
(11.8)
431
(9.9)
3 330
(11.5)
453
(33.9)
120 821
(26.8)
2 688
(10.9)
210
(4.8)
2 898
(10.0)
158
(11.8)
54 601
(12.1)
1 321
(5.4)
59
(1.4)
1 380
(4.8)
49
(3.7)
20 480
(4.5)
1 319
(5.4)
78
(1.8)
1 397
(4.8)
(0.0)
9 910
(2.2)
24 649
(100.0)
4 352
(100.0)
29 001
(100.0)
1335
(100.0)
451 183
(100.0)
22.9
875 234 1 084 120 1 135 285 1 289 430

(12.4)
(15.3)
(16.1)
(18.2)
922 635
(13.0)
941 312 7 071 576

(13.3)
(100.0)
41.7
37.7
33.0
24.2
32.1
40.1
44.6
38.0
37.5
33.6
38.5
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Sub-total
(2)
Others(2)
Total
Whole population
823 560
(11.6)
(1)
(2)
2011
13.4
21.0
34.9
33.7
Notes : (1) Figures in brackets represent the percentages in respect of the total.
27

3.4
Size and Structure
2011
Table 3.4 Sex ratios of ethnic minorities by ethnicity and age group, 2011
< 15
15 24
25 34
Age group
35 44
45 54
55 64
65+
Overall
Ethnicity
(1)
Sex ratio(1)
Including foreign domestic helpers
787
33
108
556
1 289
225
28
43
62
107
446
63
985
746
953
951
1 085
1 332
1 112
978
1 016
1 497
853
2 271
1 641
1 029
14 541
1 262
1 189
840
820
1 460
1 536
1 324
2 034
1 128
1 030
668
702
750
2 125
2 110
3 168
1 131
990
378
200
150
52
24
117
963
1 071
678
689
805
795
893
783
1 054
785
346
514
793
608
929
611
1 059
253
73
141
228
364
1 095
176
1 042
1 070
1 476
1 701
1 849
1 856
2 757
1 547
994
890
991
947
819
752
1 465
954
798
717
571
432
55
3 333
655
947
869
915
860
728
697
1 526
902
2 413
1 222
3 368
2 713
2 292
2 750
1 031
383
123
235
400
634
1 514
295
1 073
1 006
724
725
892
990
871
876
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(2)
Others(2)
Overall
Whole population
2011
28

3.4
Size and Structure
2011
Table 3.4 Sex ratios of ethnic minorities by ethnicity and age group, 2011 (cont'd.)
< 15
15 24
25 34
Age group
35 44
45 54
55 64
65+
Overall
Ethnicity
(1)
Sex ratio(1)
Excluding foreign domestic helpers
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
787
662
214
197
174
256
578
286
1 289
900
634
402
479
466
694
628
985
890
1 282
1 123
1 179
1 337
1 112
1 116
1 016
1 529
844
2 254
1 641
1 003
14 541
1 259
1 189
851
884
1 529
1 623
1 324
2034
1 170
1 030
668
702
750
2 125
2 110
3 168
1 131
990
437
274
218
72
26
156
963
1 071
700
689
805
795
893
788
1 054
840
389
579
963
818
934
698
1 059
957
779
800
804
718
1 194
869
1 042
1 070
1 480
1 701
1 849
1 856
2 757
1 547
994
890
1 054
968
819
779
1 465
966
798
779
1 243
649
116
3 333
793
947
877
1 073
932
776
731
1 526
941
2 413
1 222
3 368
2 713
2 292
2 750
1 031
959
969
1 027
1 073
1 036
1 600
1 039
1 073
1 042
911
819
926
1 001
872
939
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(2)
Others(2)
Overall
Whole population
(1)
(2)
2011
Notes : (1) The number of males per 1 000 females in the respective age group.
29

4.
4.
4.1
Marital status
2 0 11
15
3 4 .1 % 5 8 .3 %
3 1 .6 % 5 7 .7 %
2 .2 % 4 .3 % 1 .0 %
6 .2 % 3 .9 % 0 .5 % 1 0
5
2 3
4.2
4.1
2 0 11
6 7 .2 %
6 1 .2 %
5 6 .1 %
5 4 .8 % 2 0 01
70.5% 52.5%
4.1
4 .3
2 0 11 4 0 .4 %
3 6 .4 %
2001

4 .1
5 0 .2 %
4 8 .3 %
4.1
In 2011, the distribution of ethnic minorities
in respect of marital status showed little differences from
that of the whole population. The proportions of
never married and now married ethnic minorities aged
15 and over in Hong Kong were 34.1% and 58.3%
respectively, while the corresponding proportions for the
whole population were 31.6% and 57.7% respectively.
The remaining proportions of widowed, divorced and
separated were 2.2%, 4.3% and 1.0% respectively, as
compared with the whole population of 6.2%, 3.9% and
0.5% respectively.
Over the past 10 years, the
proportion of never married ethnic minorities decreased
by about 5 percentage points while those of now married
and widowed/divorced/separated ethnic minorities
increased by 2 percentage points and 3 percentage
points respectively. (Table 4.1)
4.2
Analysed by sex, the proportion of male now
married ethnic minorities (67.2%) was relatively higher
than that of all males in the whole population (61.2%) in
2011. The proportion of female now married ethnic
minorities (56.1%) was also slightly higher than that of
all females in the whole population (54.8%). The
proportions of now married ethnic minorities for males
and females were 70.5% and 52.5% respectively in
2001. (Table 4.1)
4.3
Further analysed by ethnic group, the
proportions of never married females for Indonesians
(40.4%) and Filipinos (36.4%) in 2011 were relatively
higher compared with females of other ethnicities.
Owing to the fact that the majority of them were young
domestic helpers coming to work in Hong Kong, it is not
surprising to see that their proportion of never married
was higher. The proportions of never married females
for Indonesians and Filipinos in 2001 were 50.2% and
48.3% respectively. (Table 4.1)
31
2011
Demographic Characteristics

4.4
2 0 11 2 3 7 2 8 0
8 8 4 2 2 3 7 .3 %
1 0 0 9 5

7 8 3 2 7 2 7 .1 %
1 7 .7 %
9 .4 %
2 4 .4 %
2 9 .6 % 1 4 %
2 1 %
4.2
4.5
7 2 .2 %
9 7 .8 %
8 9 .4 %
4.2
2011
4.4
Among the 237 280 now married ethnic
minorities in 2011, 88 422 (37.3%) of them were living
with their spouse in the same household in Hong Kong.
After excluding 10 095 persons of ethnicities belonging
to Other Asian, Mixed and Others from these
88 422 persons, 27.1% of the remaining 78 327 persons
were not of the same ethnicity as their spouse, including
17.7% with Chinese spouse and 9.4% with spouse of
other ethnicity. When analysed by sex, it is observed
that there were marked differences in the distribution of
the ethnicity of the spouse between males and females.
24.4% of the male now married ethnic minorities were
not of the same ethnicity as their spouse, smaller than
that of females (29.6%). Besides, some 14% of males
had Chinese spouse while the proportion for females was
higher at about 21%. This might be due to more female
ethnic minorities coming to Hong Kong to join their
Chinese husband. (Table 4.2)
4.5
When analysed by ethnic group, it is
observed that the majority of now married Asians (other
than Chinese) (72.2%) did not live with their spouses in
the same households in Hong Kong, particularly for
Indonesians (97.8%) and Filipinos (89.4%). The main
reason is that these persons were mostly foreign
domestic helpers working in Hong Kong.
They
normally lived in their employers homes. Yet the
situation reversed for other ethnic groups. (Table 4.2)
32

4.1
2001 2006 2011 15
Table 4.1 Proportion of ethnic minorities aged 15 and over by ethnicity, marital status and sex,
2001, 2006 and 2011
15
Proportion of population aged 15 and over (%)
Year
Ethnicity
Marital status
Never married
Now married
Widowed/divorced/
separated
Overall
2001
Male Female
Both
sexes
Male Female
Both
sexes
Male Female
Both
sexes
Male Female
Both
sexes
27.1
50.2
49.7
69.6
46.3
46.7
3.3
3.5
3.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
16.0
48.3
46.9
80.9
47.3
48.6
3.1
4.5
4.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
24.0
21.5
22.7
74.1
71.5
72.8
1.9
7.0
4.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
28.2
13.3
24.0
70.1
83.0
73.8
1.7
3.7
2.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
18.3
15.2
16.9
80.5
83.6
81.8
1.3
1.2
1.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
16.1
15.9
16.0
83.0
81.9
82.5
1.0
2.2
1.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
23.0
19.8
20.1
73.3
67.5
67.9
3.7
12.7
12.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
16.6
19.0
18.1
82.2
75.3
77.8
1.3
5.7
4.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
32.4
21.3
25.3
62.2
69.9
67.1
5.4
8.8
7.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
21.5
43.5
40.3
76.4
51.7
55.2
2.1
4.8
4.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
26.7
26.5
26.7
67.5
68.2
67.7
5.8
5.3
5.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
66.5
59.7
62.8
29.8
33.5
31.8
3.7
6.9
5.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
56.9
32.6
44.0
35.7
56.9
47.0
7.4
10.5
9.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
65.5
56.9
60.8
30.5
35.8
33.4
4.1
7.2
5.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
36.1
23.4
30.1
61.2
69.2
64.9
2.7
7.5
4.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
26.0
42.7
39.2
70.5
52.5
56.2
3.5
4.9
4.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
33.9
30.1
31.9
61.7
57.2
59.4
4.4
12.7
8.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(1)
Others(1)
Overall
Whole population
2011
33

4.1
2001 2006 2011 15
2001, 2006 and 2011 (cont'd.)
15
Year
Ethnicity
Marital status
Never married
Now married
Widowed/divorced/
separated
Overall
2006
Male Female
Both
sexes
Male Female
Both
sexes
Male Female
Both
sexes
Male Female
Both
sexes
28.3
50.3
50.1
67.9
45.5
45.8
3.8
4.1
4.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
21.8
45.1
44.1
73.1
49.0
50.0
5.0
5.8
5.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
25.6
22.4
24.1
71.0
71.0
71.0
3.4
6.6
5.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
24.2
20.6
22.8
73.2
74.5
73.7
2.5
4.9
3.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
22.6
22.0
22.3
74.3
72.1
73.2
3.2
6.0
4.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
14.8
17.0
15.9
81.1
78.9
80.0
4.2
4.1
4.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.5
21.8
23.4
54.2
64.5
63.6
3.3
13.8
12.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
27.2
19.6
22.9
69.4
77.2
73.8
3.4
3.2
3.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
29.2
15.7
20.4
64.2
72.2
69.4
6.6
12.1
10.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
23.7
42.8
40.2
72.5
51.6
54.3
3.8
5.7
5.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
27.1
25.2
26.5
66.7
67.3
66.9
6.1
7.5
6.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
54.1
37.4
44.0
42.4
49.0
46.4
3.4
13.5
9.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
58.3
48.3
52.6
37.4
46.1
42.3
4.4
5.5
5.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
54.7
38.7
45.1
41.7
48.7
45.9
3.6
12.6
9.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
25.2
19.6
22.9
67.8
69.4
68.5
6.9
11.0
8.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
26.9
41.9
39.0
68.5
52.2
55.4
4.6
5.9
5.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
34.3
30.7
32.4
60.8
55.1
57.8
4.9
14.1
9.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(1)
Others(1)
Overall
Whole population
2011
34

4.1
2001 2006 2011 15
2001, 2006 and 2011 (cont'd.)
15

Year Ethnicity
Marital status
Never married
Now married
Widowed/divorced/
separated
Overall
2011
Male Female
Both
sexes
Male Female
Both
sexes
Male Female
Both
sexes
Male Female
Both
sexes
29.2
40.4
40.4
68.2
52.6
52.7
2.6
7.0
6.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
26.1
36.4
35.9
68.8
54.0
54.7
5.1
9.6
9.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
22.9
20.9
21.9
74.4
73.4
73.9
2.7
5.7
4.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
26.5
15.8
22.1
72.1
81.0
75.7
1.4
3.2
2.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
20.3
22.0
21.1
75.3
73.1
74.3
4.3
4.8
4.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
15.6
20.1
17.7
81.4
77.1
79.4
3.0
2.8
2.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
25.2
13.3
14.4
73.4
71.6
71.7
1.4
15.1
13.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
17.5
20.5
19.2
81.7
71.4
75.8
0.8
8.1
5.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
33.4
20.8
25.3
62.6
70.6
67.7
4.1
8.6
7.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
23.0
35.6
34.1
73.9
56.3
58.4
3.1
8.1
7.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
29.1
27.0
28.3
64.8
63.8
64.5
6.1
9.2
7.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
52.0
48.6
50.3
43.1
38.1
40.5
4.9
13.2
9.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
65.1
48.3
54.0
32.2
41.4
38.3
2.7
10.3
7.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.0
48.6
50.7
42.3
38.6
40.3
4.7
12.8
9.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
31.4
30.4
31.2
64.0
69.6
65.4
4.6
3.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
28.4
35.5
34.1
67.2
56.1
58.3
4.4
8.3
7.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
33.5
29.9
31.6
61.2
54.8
57.7
5.3
15.3
10.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(1)
Others(1)
Overall
Whole population
(1)
2011
Note : (1) The figures include Black, Latin American, etc.
35

4.2
2011
Table 4.2 Proportion of now married ethnic minorities by sex, ethnicity and ethnicity of spouse,
2011
Proportion of
now married
population (%)
Sex
Ethnicity
Proportion of now married population living with

their spouse in the same household in Hong Kong (%)
Not living with

spouse in the
same household
in Hong Kong
Living with
spouse in the
same household
in Hong Kong
Ethnicity of spouse
Same
ethnicity
Different ethnicity
Chinese
Other than
Chinese
Overall
(1)
Male(1)
34.6
65.4
70.7
13.7
15.6
100.0
40.4
59.6
93.6
3.1
3.3
100.0
17.6
82.4
93.6
2.7
3.7
100.0
24.0
76.0
90.7
5.8
3.5
100.0
21.0
79.0
92.9
2.2
4.8
100.0
38.5
61.5
74.4
19.8
5.8
100.0
19.1
80.9
78.1
21.9
100.0
29.7
70.3
93.0
5.9
1.0
100.0
15.0
85.0
56.1
25.7
18.2
100.0
22.1
77.9
75.6
14.4
10.0
100.0
10.6
89.4
98.6
0.4
0.9
100.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
White
Overall
(1)(2)
Whole population(1)(2)
2011
36

4.2
2011
2011 (cont'd.)
Proportion of
now married
population (%)
Sex
Ethnicity
(3)
Female(3)
Indonesian

Not living with

spouse in the
same household
in Hong Kong
Living with
spouse in the
same household
in Hong Kong
Ethnicity of spouse
Same
ethnicity
Different ethnicity
Chinese
Other than
Chinese
Overall
98.3
1.7
21.2
57.4
21.4
100.0
Filipino
92.5
7.5
47.8
21.8
30.5
100.0
20.1
79.9
95.6
1.1
3.3
100.0
9.3
90.7
98.8
0.5
0.7
100.0
15.2
84.8
99.1
0.3
0.7
100.0
11.0
89.0
62.6
22.7
14.8
100.0
21.3
78.7
8.2
85.8
6.0
100.0
7.6
92.4
60.8
20.8
18.4
100.0
8.3
91.7
88.8
6.9
4.3
100.0
77.0
23.0
70.4
20.7
8.9
100.0
58.2
41.8
98.6
0.7
0.7
100.0
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
White
Overall
(2)(3)
Whole population (2)(3)
2011
37

4.2
2011
2011 (cont'd.)
Proportion of
now married
population (%)
Sex
Ethnicity

Not living with

spouse in the
same household
in Hong Kong
Living with
spouse in the
same household
in Hong Kong
Ethnicity of spouse
Same
ethnicity
Different ethnicity
Chinese
Other than
Chinese
Overall
(4)
Both sexes(4)
97.8
2.2
32.6
47.3
20.1
100.0
89.4
10.6
63.2
15.5
21.3
100.0
18.9
81.1
94.6
1.9
3.5
100.0
17.6
82.4
94.6
3.3
2.2
100.0
18.3
81.7
95.9
1.3
2.8
100.0
26.1
73.9
68.0
21.4
10.7
100.0
21.1
78.9
14.8
79.8
5.4
100.0
17.8
82.2
73.5
15.0
11.5
100.0
12.5
87.5
68.8
18.4
12.8
100.0
65.2
34.8
72.9
17.7
9.4
100.0
12.8
87.2
98.6
0.6
0.8
100.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
White
Overall
(2)(4)
Whole population (2)(4)
(1) 5 517
85.3%
(2)
(3) 6 735
80.0%
(4) 12 252
82.4%
2011
Notes : (1) Excluding 5 517 males of ethnicities belonging to Other Asian, Mixed
and Others. Among them, 85.3% were living with their spouse in the
same household in Hong Kong.
(2) Figures for both husband and wife being Chinese were included in Same
Ethnicity.
(3) Excluding 6 735 females of ethnicities belonging to Other Asian,
Mixed and Others. Among them, 80.0% were living with their spouse
in the same household in Hong Kong.
(4) Excluding 12 252 persons of ethnicities belonging to Other Asian,
Mixed and Others. Among them, 82.4% were living with their spouse
in the same household in Hong Kong.
38

2 0 11 1 3 .3 %
4.6
2001
1 0 .3 % 2 0 0 6 11 . 1 %
2001 35 404
2 0 11 6 0 0 8 8 7 0 %
7 5 .0 %
3 9 .5 % 3 8 .7 %
2 2 .7 %
4.3
4 2 .4 %
4.7

8 7 .8 %

5 6 .3 % 3 5
4 5 0 .4 %
35
10
10
2 6 .8 %
4
4 5 .5 % 3 0 .1 %
7 5 .0 %
6 5 .9 % 48 .7 %
4 8 .6 % 4 7 .7 %
10
4.4
2011
Place of birth and duration of residence in

Hong Kong
4.6
In 2011, 13.3% of ethnic minorities were
born in Hong Kong.
This was higher than the
proportions in 2001 (10.3%) and 2006 (11.1%). The
number of ethnic minorities born in Hong Kong
increased by about 70% from 35 404 in 2001 to 60 088
in 2011. Analysed by ethnic group, Mixed (75.0%),
Nepalese (39.5%), Pakistanis (38.7%) and Indians
(22.7%) had higher proportions of persons born in Hong
Kong. (Table 4.3)
4.7
A total of 42.4% of ethnic minorities had
resided in Hong Kong for 7 years or more, which was
much lower than the 87.8% for the whole population.
It is natural to observe that the duration of residence in
Hong Kong of ethnic minorities increases with their age.
Thus, the duration of residence in Hong Kong for 56.3%
of ethnic minorities aged below 35 was less than 4 years,
while that for a half (50.4%) of ethnic minorities aged 35
and over was 10 years or above. Analysed by sex, near
half of male ethnic minorities resided in Hong Kong for
10 years or above, much higher than that of females
(26.8%). On the other hand, the proportion of female
ethnic minorities resided in Hong Kong less than 4 years
(45.5%) was higher than that of their male counterparts
(30.1%). Besides, the proportions of Thais (75.0%),
Mixed (65.9%), Nepalese (48.7%), Pakistanis (48.6%)
and Indians (47.7%) having resided in Hong Kong for 10
years and over were at a high level. (Table 4.4)
39

4.3
2001 2006 2011
Table 4.3 Ethnic minorities by ethnicity and place of birth, 2001, 2006 and 2011
2006
2011
2001
Ethnicity
Place of
birth
Place of
birth
Place of
birth
Hong Kong
Not Hong
Kong
Total Hong Kong
Not Hong
Kong
Total Hong Kong
Not Hong
Kong
Total
(1)
Asian
(other than Chinese)
232
(0.5)
1 917
(1.3)
3 920
(21.1)
3 310
(30.0)
5 652
(45.0)
614
(4.3)
203
(1.4)
313
(5.9)
721
(9.5)
16 882
(6.1)
5 166
(11.1)
50 262
(99.5)
140 639
(98.7)
14 623
(78.9)
7 707
(70.0)
6 912
(55.0)
13 566
(95.7)
14 139
(98.6)
4 950
(94.1)
6 851
(90.5)
259 649
(93.9)
41 418
(88.9)
50 494
(100.0)
142 556
(100.0)
18 543
(100.0)
11 017
(100.0)
12 564
(100.0)
14 180
(100.0)
14 342
(100.0)
5 263
(100.0)
7 572
(100.0)
276 531
(100.0)
46 584
(100.0)
363
(0.4)
2 548
(2.3)
4 728
(23.1)
4 176
(37.6)
6 952
(43.6)
755
(5.7)
487
(4.1)
330
(6.9)
1 216
(15.5)
21 555
(7.5)
5 549
(15.3)
87 477
(99.6)
109 905
(97.7)
15 716
(76.9)
6 935
(62.4)
8 998
(56.4)
12 434
(94.3)
11 413
(95.9)
4 482
(93.1)
6 635
(84.5)
263 995
(92.5)
30 835
(84.7)
87 840
(100.0)
112 453
(100.0)
20 444
(100.0)
11 111
(100.0)
15 950
(100.0)
13 189
(100.0)
11 900
(100.0)
4 812
(100.0)
7 851
(100.0)
285 550
(100.0)
36 384
(100.0)
531
(0.4)
3 385
(2.5)
6 506
(22.7)
6 974
(38.7)
6 531
(39.5)
705
(5.6)
507
(4.5)
300
(5.8)
798
(11.3)
26 237
(7.2)
12 042
(21.8)
132 846
(99.6)
129 633
(97.5)
22 110
(77.3)
11 068
(61.3)
9 987
(60.5)
11 875
(94.4)
10 706
(95.5)
4 909
(94.2)
6 240
(88.7)
339 374
(92.8)
43 194
(78.2)
133 377
(100.0)
133 018
(100.0)
28 616
(100.0)
18 042
(100.0)
16 518
(100.0)
12 580
(100.0)
11 213
(100.0)
5 209
(100.0)
7 038
(100.0)
365 611
(100.0)
55 236
(100.0)
11 828
(71.3)
4 759
(28.7)
16 587
(100.0)
8 592
(57.5)
6 340
(42.5)
14 932
(100.0)
19 680
(79.8)
4 969
(20.2)
24 649
(100.0)
1 455
(51.0)
13 283
(68.3)
73
(5.2)
35 404
(10.3)
1 399
(49.0)
6 158
(31.7)
1321
(94.8)
308 546
(89.7)
2 854
(100.0)
19 441
(100.0)
1394
(100.0)
343 950
(100.0)
1 857
(58.8)
10 449
(57.8)
489
(22.5)
38 042
(11.1)
1 303
(41.2)
7 643
(42.2)
1 683
(77.5)
304 156
(88.9)
3 160
(100.0)
18 092
(100.0)
2 172
(100.0)
342 198
(100.0)
2 077
(47.7)
21 757
(75.0)
52
(3.9)
60 088
(13.3)
2 275
(52.3)
7 244
(25.0)
1 283
(96.1)
391 095
(86.7)
4 352
(100.0)
29 001
(100.0)
1 335
(100.0)
451 183
(100.0)
4 004 894
(59.7)
2 703 495
(40.3)
6 708 389
(100.0)
4 138 844
(60.3)
2 725 502
(39.7)
6 864 346
(100.0)
4 278 126
(60.5)
2 793 450
(39.5)
7 071 576
(100.0)
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
Mixed
With Chinese
parent
Other mixed
Sub-total
(2)
Others(2)
Total
Whole population
(1)
(2)
2011
40

4.4
2011
Table 4.4 Ethnic minorities by sex, age group and duration of residence in Hong Kong, 2011
Duration of residence in Hong Kong (year)

/
1<4
<1
4<7
7 < 10
10+
Median
duration of
residence in
% Hong Kong
(year)
Total
Sex/
Age group Number
% Number
% Number
% Number
% Number
Number
Male
< 15
15 24
25 34
35 44
45 54
55 64
65+
3 538
854
2 896
2 303
974
373
53
10 991
15.7
8.9
15.9
10.0
6.2
4.7
0.9
10.7
6 191
1 371
5 264
4 602
1 901
516
165
20 010
27.5
14.2
28.8
20.0
12.2
6.5
2.8
19.4
4 184
790
2 236
3 038
1 469
469
99
12 285
18.6
8.2
12.3
13.2
9.4
5.9
1.7
11.9
3 917
731
1 241
1 838
1 395
503
260
9 885
17.4
7.6
6.8
8.0
8.9
6.3
4.4
9.6
4 667
5 885
6 612
11 211
9 866
6 084
5 391
49 716
20.7
61.1
36.2
48.8
63.2
76.6
90.3
48.3
22 497
9 631
18 249
22 992
15 605
7 945
5 968
102 887
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6
14
5
10
15
22
37
10
3 814
7 101
30 207
10 415
1 275
260
86
53 158
17.5
28.2
20.4
10.6
3.3
2.1
2.2
15.3
6 324
9 417
61 197
24 213
3 543
505
161
105 360
29.0
37.5
41.3
24.8
9.1
4.0
4.1
30.3
4 040
1 505
31 344
17 409
3 203
434
95
58 030
18.5
6.0
21.2
17.8
8.2
3.5
2.4
16.7
3 076
878
13 851
15 309
4 468
520
143
38 245
14.1
3.5
9.4
15.6
11.5
4.1
3.6
11.0
4 569
6 236
11 435
30 483
26 507
10 816
3 457
93 503
20.9
24.8
7.7
31.2
68.0
86.3
87.7
26.8
21 823
25 137
148 034
97 829
38 996
12 535
3 942
348 296
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
5
3
3
7
14
22
35
5
7 352
7 955
33 103
12 718
2 249
633
139
64 149
16.6
22.9
19.9
10.5
4.1
3.1
1.4
14.2
12 515
10 788
66 461
28 815
5 444
1 021
326
125 370
28.2
31.0
40.0
23.8
10.0
5.0
3.3
27.8
8 224
2 295
33 580
20 447
4 672
903
194
70 315
18.6
6.6
20.2
16.9
8.6
4.4
2.0
15.6
6 993
1 609
15 092
17 147
5 863
1 023
403
48 130
15.8
4.6
9.1
14.2
10.7
5.0
4.1
10.7
9 236
12 121
18 047
41 694
36 373
16 900
8 848
143 219
20.8
34.9
10.9
34.5
66.6
82.5
89.3
31.7
44 320
34 768
166 283
120 821
54 601
20 480
9 910
451 183
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
5
4
4
7
14
22
36
6
154 501
2.2
373 528
5.3
334 724
4.7
330 131
4.7 5 878 692
83.1
7 071 576 100.0
31
Sub-total
Female
< 15
15 24
25 34
35 44
45 54
55 64
65+
Sub-total
Both sexes
< 15
15 24
25 34
35 44
45 54
55 64
65+
Sub-total
Whole
population
2011
41

Usual language
4.8
4 4 .2 %
3 1 .7 %
3 .7 % 3 .6 %
2 .2 % 1 .0 %
0 .3 %
93.5% 5
4 .3 % 1 .4 %
0 .7 %
4.9
4.5
2 0 11
( 4 4 .2 %) 5
7 4 .6 %
4 4 .1 % ( 5 1 .8 %)

( 98.8%)
2 7 .2 %
2 4 .9 % 4.5
4.10
7 2 .5 %
11 .1 %
4 1 .7 % 3 1 .4 %
4.5
4.11
2 0 11
8 0 .7 %
( )
8 3 .5 %
7 0 .4 %
2011
4.8
Obviously, there was considerable difference
in the language commonly spoken at home between
ethnic minorities and Chinese.
Among ethnic
minorities aged 5 and over, English was the language
most commonly spoken at home, with 44.2% of them
reporting as such. This was followed by Cantonese
(31.7%), Filipino (3.7%), Indonesian (3.6%), Japanese
(2.2%), Putonghua (1.0%) and other Chinese dialects
(other than Cantonese and Putonghua) (0.3%). On the
contrary, 93.5% of Chinese aged 5 and over usually
spoke Cantonese at home, followed by other Chinese
dialects (other than Cantonese and Putonghua) (4.3%),
Putonghua (1.4%) and English (0.7%). (Table 4.5)
4.9
In 2011, although slightly less than half
(44.2%) of ethnic minorities aged 5 and over usually
spoke English at home, a total of 74.6% of ethnic
minorities claimed that they could speak English as
compared with 44.1% for Chinese aged 5 and over. On
the other hand, about half (51.8%) of ethnic minorities
could speak Cantonese while an overwhelming majority
(98.8%) of Chinese could speak Cantonese. Apart from
English and Cantonese, a certain proportion of ethnic
minorities could speak Indonesian or Filipino, being
27.2% and 24.9% respectively.
(Table 4.5)
4.10
As expected, the usual languages of persons
in different ethnic groups were distinctly different. For
Whites, 72.5% of them usually spoke English at home,
11.1% of them usually spoke other languages such as
French, German, Italian, etc. at home. For Asians
(other than Chinese), there was a relatively lower
proportion (41.7%) of them using English as their usual
language while 31.4% of them used Cantonese as their
usual language.
(Table 4.5)
4.11
There were considerable variations among
different ethnic groups of Asians (other than Chinese) in
their usual language. For example in 2011, 83.5% of
the Filipinos usually spoke English at home though
80.7% of the Filipinos could speak Filipino (Tagalog).
This could be explained by the situation that most of
them were domestic helpers and English was the usual
42

7 3.0%
8 1 .6 % 2 2 .6 %

7 7 .4 %
4.5
2011
language for them to communicate with their employers.

Similarly, more than 70.4% of Indonesians and 73.0% of
Thais usually spoke Cantonese at home. On the other
hand, 77.4% of Japanese usually spoke Japanese at home
though 81.6% and 22.6% of them could speak English
and Cantonese respectively. (Table 4.5)
43

4.5
(1)
2011 5
Table 4.5 Proportion of ethnic minorities aged 5 and over

dialects, 2011
(1)
able to speak selected languages/
Ethnicity
English
Cantonese Putonghua
(2)
(2)
Other
Chinese
dialects(2)
Filipino
Indonesian
Japanese
Others(2)
As the usual language
14.8
70.4
2.6
0.1
0.0
11.6
0.4
83.5
4.1
0.2
0.0
12.0
0.2
37.2
4.6
0.0
0.3
57.9
9.4
5.5
0.0
85.0
5.3
2.3
92.5
17.2
3.9
1.0
77.4
0.4
7.1
73.0
0.2
1.5
0.1
18.1
19.1
6.8
1.3
2.2
70.6
44.2
24.9
2.8
0.6
0.5
0.1
27.0
41.7
31.4
1.1
0.1
4.4
4.3
2.6
14.3
72.5
14.9
0.4
0.9
0.1
0.2
11.1
12.6
82.5
0.7
1.8
0.1
0.3
0.7
1.3
69.4
11.2
0.1
0.2
1.6
3.3
4.7
9.4
20.3
72.9
0.6
1.6
0.3
0.7
1.2
2.4
84.2
4.9
0.4
2.6
7.8
44.2
31.7
1.0
0.3
3.7
3.6
2.2
13.2
0.7
93.5
1.4
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
3.5
89.5
1.4
4.0
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.9
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(3)
Others(3)
Overall
Chinese
Whole population
2011
44

4.5
(1)
2011 5

dialects, 2011 (cont'd.)
(1)
(2)
(2)
English
Cantonese
Putonghua
Other
Chinese
dialects(2)
Filipino
Indonesian
Japanese
Others(2)
32.1
15.2
4.9
0.5
0.2
74.8
0.1
3.3
14.4
20.8
2.2
0.2
68.7
0.6
0.5
2.8
52.0
30.7
7.0
0.3
0.6
2.7
1.3
37.0
69.3
54.3
4.9
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
17.1
81.2
45.7
1.3
0.1
0.4
2.3
0.8
25.8
64.3
18.7
18.7
0.7
0.0
0.1
19.5
5.1
20.9
18.1
5.9
4.5
0.0
0.2
0.2
74.2
71.5
14.6
24.0
0.3
0.0
0.5
9.7
26.8
33.9
17.1
17.0
4.5
1.8
1.1
1.6
50.3
32.1
21.7
4.9
0.6
25.6
28.4
1.2
10.9
14.2
11.0
18.2
1.6
0.4
0.7
2.8
35.8
43.1
13.9
44.1
6.2
2.2
2.2
3.5
11.4
20.8
22.5
13.0
0.7
10.9
9.1
6.4
33.9
40.1
15.1
39.9
5.4
3.3
3.1
3.9
14.5
11.5
19.4
6.9
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
49.1
Overall
30.4
20.0
8.5
1.0
21.2
23.6
1.5
13.9
43.4
5.4
49.1
13.8
0.1
0.7
1.4
1.3
42.6
6.3
46.5
13.0
1.4
2.2
1.4
2.1
Ethnicity
As another language/dialect
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(3)
Others(3)
Chinese
Whole population
2011
45

4.5
(1)
2011 5

dialects, 2011 (cont'd.)
(1)
Ethnicity
(2)
(2)
English
Cantonese
Putonghua
Other
Chinese
dialects(2)
Filipino
Indonesian
Japanese
Others(2)
47.0
85.6
7.5
0.6
0.2
86.4
0.1
3.8
98.0
24.8
2.3
0.3
80.7
0.6
0.5
3.0
89.2
35.3
7.0
0.3
0.6
3.0
1.3
90.3
78.7
59.8
4.9
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
96.9
86.5
48.0
1.3
0.1
0.4
2.3
0.8
99.0
81.6
22.6
19.7
0.7
0.0
0.1
96.9
5.4
28.0
91.1
6.2
6.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
91.7
90.6
21.5
25.3
0.3
0.5
11.9
93.9
78.2
42.1
19.7
5.0
2.3
1.2
1.6
72.7
73.8
53.1
6.0
0.7
30.0
32.8
3.8
23.4
86.7
25.9
18.6
2.5
0.4
0.7
3.0
42.3
55.7
96.4
44.8
7.9
2.3
2.5
4.2
12.6
90.1
33.8
13.1
0.9
12.6
12.4
11.2
40.2
60.3
88.0
40.5
7.0
3.7
3.8
5.1
16.3
95.7
24.3
7.3
2.6
0.2
56.0
74.6
51.8
9.5
1.2
24.9
27.2
3.8
25.3
44.1
98.8
50.5
17.9
0.1
0.7
1.4
1.3
46.1
95.8
47.8
16.9
1.7
2.4
1.5
2.9
As the usual language/another language/dialect
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(3)
Others(3)
Overall
Chinese
Whole population
(1)
(2)
(3)
2011
Notes : (1) The figures exclude mute persons.

(2) Figures refer to proportions of population with their usual language or
one of three most fluent language / dialect other than usual language
being a language / dialect not listed in the table.
46

5.
5. Education
School attendance
5 .1
3 5
17 18 19 24
2 0 11 3 5 1 7
18 19 24
8 6 .9 % 7 5 . 7 % 1 3 .8 %

9 1 .3 %
8 6 .0 % 4 3 .8 % 3 5
19 24
19
24
1 2 5 .1
5.2
12 16 17
18
2 0 11
19 24
5.3
5.1
10
17 18 19 24
2001
6 5 .9 % 1 3 .4 % 2 0 11
7 6 .2 % 3 2 .8 %
2011
5.1
5.1
School attendance was relatively less
common among ethnic minorities than the whole
population, particularly for those aged 3-5, 17-18 and
19-24, which correspond to the periods of pre-primary,
sixth form and post-secondary education respectively.
In 2011, the school attendance rates for age groups 3-5,
17-18 and 19-24 were 86.9%, 75.7% and 13.8%
respectively for ethnic minorities while those for the
whole population were 91.3%, 86.0% and 43.8%
respectively. The slightly lower attendance rate for the
age group 3-5 was mainly due to the low attendance
rates of some Asians (other than Chinese) such as Thais,
Filipinos and Korean. For the age groups 19-24, as
foreign domestic helpers constituted a large proportion
of ethnic minorities, it is necessary to exclude them prior
to further analysing the school attendance rates of ethnic
minorities. After excluding foreign domestic helpers,
the gap in the school attendance rates between ethnic
minorities and the whole population aged 19-24
narrowed down by 12 percentage points.
(Table 5.1)
5.2
The school attendance rates of ethnic
minorities also exhibited some sex differentials. The
rates for female ethnic minorities (excluding foreign
domestic helpers) aged 12-16 and 17-18 were higher
than those for their male counterparts in 2011. In
contrast, the higher school attendance rate for male
ethnic minorities aged 19-24 (excluding foreign
domestic helpers) than the female counterpart was
different from the pattern for the whole population in the
same age group. (Table 5.1)
5.3
The school attendance rates of ethnic
minorities (excluding foreign domestic helpers)
increased over the past 10 years. In particular, the rates
in the age groups 17-18 and 19-24 increased
significantly from 65.9% and 13.4% in 2001 to 76.2%
and 32.8% in 2011 respectively. (Table 5.1)
47

5.1
Education
2001 2006 2011
Table 5.1 School attendance rates of ethnic minorities by age group and sex, 2001, 2006 and 2011
Year
Age group
Ethnic minorities
Whole population
Male
Female
Both sexes
Male
Female
Both sexes
(1)
School attendance rate (%)(1)

2001

35
6 11
12 16
17 18
19 24
25+
3
88.0
99.6
96.2
60.9
13.9
0.7
21.3
84.0
99.0
95.8
50.8
2.1
0.1
6.1
86.0
99.3
96.0
54.7
3.7
0.2
9.7
94.6
99.9
96.9
68.0
26.8
0.4
22.4
94.7
99.9
98.0
74.1
26.1
0.3
20.5
94.7
99.9
97.5
71.0
26.4
0.3
21.4
88.0
99.6
96.2
61.3
14.3
0.7
22.0
84.0
99.0
96.4
69.7
12.5
0.4
20.1
86.0
99.3
96.3
65.9
13.4
0.6
21.0
94.6
99.9
96.9
68.0
26.8
0.4
22.4
94.7
99.9
98.1
74.6
29.4
0.3
21.7
94.7
99.9
97.5
71.2
28.0
0.3
22.1
Aged 3 and over

35
6 11
12 16
17 18
19 24
25+
3
Aged 3 and over
2011
48

5.1
Education
2001 2006 2011
Table 5.1 School attendance rates of ethnic minorities by age group and sex, 2001, 2006 and
2011(cont'd.)
Year
Age group
Ethnic minorities
Whole population
Male
Female
Both sexes
Male
Female
Both sexes
(1)

2006

3 5 (2)
6 11
12 16
17 18
19 24
25+
3
Aged 3 and over
86.1
99.0
98.3
75.3
32.0
0.9
21.8
81.7
100.0
97.7
73.3
3.8
0.2
6.0
83.9
99.5
98.0
74.3
6.7
0.4
9.5
89.9
99.9
98.7
81.1
38.4
0.5
21.4
88.3
99.9
99.1
84.6
36.3
0.4
18.7
89.1
99.9
98.9
82.8
37.3
0.4
20.0
86.1
99.0
98.3
75.3
32.6
0.9
22.3
81.7
100.0
99.0
84.4
28.5
0.9
20.7
83.9
99.5
98.6
79.7
30.4
0.9
21.5
89.9
99.9
98.7
81.1
38.4
0.5
21.5
88.3
99.9
99.1
84.8
40.3
0.4
19.8
89.1
99.9
98.9
82.9
39.3
0.4
20.6

3 5 (2)
6 11
12 16
17 18
19 24
25+
3
Aged 3 and over
2011
49

Education
5.1
2001 2006 2011
Table 5.1 School attendance rates of ethnic minorities by age group and sex, 2001, 2006 and
2011(cont'd.)
Year
Age group
Ethnic minorities
Whole population
Male
Female
Both sexes
Male
Female
Both sexes
(1)

2011

3 5 (2)
6 11
12 16
17 18
19 24
25+
3
Aged 3 and over
86.9
100.0
98.1
72.0
34.0
0.7
23.4
86.9
100.0
97.9
79.0
8.6
0.2
6.5
86.9
100.0
98.0
75.7
13.8
0.3
10.2
91.0
100.0
98.2
84.5
43.8
0.5
19.4
91.6
100.0
99.0
87.7
43.8
0.5
16.4
91.3
100.0
98.6
86.0
43.8
0.5
17.8
86.9
100.0
98.1
72.0
34.4
0.7
24.0
86.9
100.0
98.4
80.1
31.3
0.9
24.3
86.9
100.0
98.2
76.2
32.8
0.8
24.1
91.0
100.0
98.2
84.5
43.8
0.5
19.4
91.6
100.0
99.0
87.7
46.4
0.5
17.6
91.3
100.0
98.6
86.0
45.1
0.5
18.5

3 5 (2)
6 11
12 16
17 18
19 24
25+
3
Aged 3 and over
(1)
Notes : (1) The percentage of population attending full-time educational institutions in

the respective age groups.
(2) 2006 2011
3
9
2001
2001 3
(2) For the 2006 Population By-census and the 2011 Population Census, data
related to educational characteristics were enquired with reference to the
first half of the year. Hence, children just reaching age 3 might not be
attending pre-primary education in the first half of the year as they had not
yet reached the minimum age for entrance at the beginning of the school
term (usually in September of the previous year). As for the 2001
Population Census, data related to educational characteristics were
enquired with reference to the census reference moment at mid-March of
2001 and a greater proportion of children aged 3 had reached the minimum
age for entrance at the beginning of the school term.
2011
50

Education
Educational attainment
15
5.4
15
2 0 11
1 .2 % 1 5 6 .3 %
15

7 0 .3 %
15
5 9 .4 % 2 0 0 1

7 6 .8 %
5 2 .2 %
5.2
5.5
2 0 11 1 5
2 9 . 5 %
1 5 2 7 .3 %
15
5 8 .6 %
2 2 .6 % 2 0 0 1 1 5
5 6 .2 % 2 7 .6 % 5.1
5.6
70%
90%

3 0 % 5.2
2011
5.4
The educational attainment, in terms of the
highest level attended, of ethnic minorities aged 15 and
over was relatively higher than the whole population
aged 15 and over. In 2011, the proportion of ethnic
minorities with no schooling or having attended preprimary education only was 1.2%, which was lower than
the proportion for the whole population aged 15 and over
(6.3%). Besides, the proportion of ethnic minorities
aged 15 and over who had attended upper secondary or
higher education amounted to 70.3% which was much
higher than that of 59.4% for the whole population.
The corresponding proportions for ethnic minorities and
the whole population were 76.8% and 52.2%
respectively in 2001. The drop in the proportion for
ethnic minorities over the period was mainly due to a
higher share of Indonesians who were generally less
educated than the other ethnic groups. (Table 5.2)
Post-secondary education
5.5
In 2011, there were 29.5% of ethnic
minorities aged 15 and over having attended postsecondary education, as compared to the 27.3% of the
whole population aged 15 and over. When analysed by
sex, the proportion of male ethnic minorities aged 15 and
over who had attended post-secondary education
(58.6%) was higher than their female counterparts
(22.6%). In 2001, the proportions of male and female
ethnic minorities aged 15 and over who had attended
post-secondary education were 56.2% and 27.6%
respectively. (Chart 5.1)
5.6
Further analysed by ethnic group, the
educational attainment in terms of the highest level
attended of Japanese, Koreans, Whites and Others were
relatively higher, with more than 70% of them having
attended post-secondary education. Although around
90% of the Filipinos in Hong Kong were domestic
helpers, about 30% of them had attended post-secondary
education. (Table 5.2)
51

Education
5.2
2001 2006 2011 15
Table 5.2 Ethnic minorities aged 15 and over by ethnicity and educational attainment (highest
level attended), 2001, 2006 and 2011
Educational attainment (highest level attended)
Year
Ethnicity
No schooling/
pre-primary
Primary
Lower
secondary
(2)
Upper
secondary /
sixth form(2)
Postsecondary
Total
(1)
2001
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
1 827
(3.6)
988
(0.7)
943
(6.3)
1 003
(12.7)
664
(5.9)
16
(0.1)
843
(6.0)
8
(0.2)
331
(4.8)
6 623
(2.5)
59
(0.2)
14 460
(28.7)
3 035
(2.2)
1 039
(7.0)
1 505
(19.1)
1 033
(9.2)
17
(0.2)
6 747
(47.8)
40
(1.0)
1 160
(17.0)
29 036
(11.2)
226
(0.6)
16 171
(32.1)
7 528
(5.4)
1 224
(8.2)
1 772
(22.5)
2 089
(18.6)
138
(1.3)
2 482
(17.6)
42
(1.1)
1 204
(17.6)
32 650
(12.6)
280
(0.8)
15 656
(31.1)
86 864
(62.1)
5 423
(36.5)
2728
(34.6)
6321
(56.1)
2391
(21.9)
2917
(20.7)
861
(22.4)
2509
(36.7)
125 670
(48.4)
8 135
(22.0)
2 215
(4.4)
41 461
(29.6)
6 224
(41.9)
878
(11.1)
1 152
(10.2)
8 367
(76.6)
1 120
(7.9)
2 889
(75.2)
1 632
(23.9)
65 938
(25.4)
28 351
(76.5)
50 329
(100.0)
139 876
(100.0)
14 853
(100.0)
7 886
(100.0)
11 259
(100.0)
10 929
(100.0)
14 109
(100.0)
3 840
(100.0)
6 836
(100.0)
259 917
(100.0)
37 051
(100.0)
169
(2.4)
16
(2.0)
185
(2.4)
3
(0.3)
6 870
(2.2)
467
(6.7)
8
(1.0)
475
(6.1)
48
(4.3)
29 785
(9.7)
1 249
(17.8)
42
(5.2)
1 291
(16.5)
78
(7.0)
34 299
(11.2)
3 203
(45.7)
335
(41.6)
3 538
(45.2)
304
(27.3)
137 647
(45.0)
1 926
(27.5)
404
(50.2)
2 330
(29.8)
682
(61.2)
97 301
(31.8)
7 014
(100.0)
805
(100.0)
7 819
(100.0)
1 115
(100.0)
305 902
(100.0)
469 939
(8.4)
1 148 273
(20.5)
1 060 489
(18.9)
2 001 771
(35.8)
918 500
(16.4)
5 598 972
(100.0)
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Sub-total
(3)
Others(3)
Total
15
Whole population
aged 15 and over
2011
52

Education
5.2
2001 2006 2011 15

level attended), 2001, 2006 and 2011 (contd.)
Year
Ethnicity
No schooling/
pre primary
Primary
Lower
secondary
Upper
secondary /
sixth form
Postsecondary
Total
(1)
2006
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
2 200
(2.5)
1 484
(1.3)
644
(3.8)
1 000
(13.7)
680
(5.2)
289
(2.8)
738
(6.4)
50
(1.3)
290
(4.1)
7 375
(2.8)
433
(1.4)
16 725
(19.1)
4 161
(3.8)
1 282
(7.7)
1 145
(15.7)
1 290
(9.9)
158
(1.5)
4 707
(40.8)
54
(1.4)
989
(13.9)
30 511
(11.4)
699
(2.3)
31 269
(35.7)
8 919
(8.1)
1 326
(7.9)
1 418
(19.5)
2 450
(18.8)
312
(3.0)
1 829
(15.9)
245
(6.2)
1 339
(18.8)
49 107
(18.3)
1 173
(3.9)
32 104
(36.6)
58 982
(53.6)
5 699
(34.0)
2 298
(31.5)
6 569
(50.3)
2 046
(19.8)
2 835
(24.6)
704
(17.9)
2 142
(30.0)
113 379
(42.4)
5 714
(18.8)
5 316
(6.1)
36 440
(33.1)
7 798
(46.6)
1 424
(19.5)
2 069
(15.8)
7 517
(72.8)
1 425
(12.4)
2 883
(73.2)
2 370
(33.2)
67 242
(25.1)
22 363
(73.6)
87 614
(100.0)
109 986
(100.0)
16 749
(100.0)
7 285
(100.0)
13 058
(100.0)
10 322
(100.0)
11 534
(100.0)
3 936
(100.0)
7 130
(100.0)
267 614
(100.0)
30 382
(100.0)
338
(3.9)
20
(1.6)
358
(3.6)
48
(2.5)
8 214
(2.7)
1 278
(14.6)
39
(3.1)
1 317
(13.1)
131
(6.9)
32 658
(10.5)
1 288
(14.7)
89
(7.0)
1 377
(13.7)
210
(11.1)
51 867
(16.7)
3 136
(35.8)
461
(36.2)
3 597
(35.9)
479
(25.4)
123 169
(39.7)
2 715
(31.0)
664
(52.2)
3 379
(33.7)
1 017
(54.0)
94 001
(30.3)
8 755
(100.0)
1 273
(100.0)
10 028
(100.0)
1 885
(100.0)
309 909
(100.0)
423 310
(7.1)
1 084 112
(18.3)
1 124 583
(19.0)
1 931 193
(32.6)
1 361 473
(23.0)
5 924 671
(100.0)
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Sub-total
(3)
Others(3)
Total
15
Whole population
aged 15 and over
2011
53

Education
5.2
2001 2006 2011 15

level attended), 2001, 2006 and 2011 (contd.)
Year
Ethnicity
No schooling/
pre primary
Primary
Educational attainment (Highest level attended)
Lower
secondary
Upper
secondary /
sixth form
Postsecondary
Total
(1)
2011
185
(0.1)
845
(0.6)
628
(2.7)
583
(5.4)
433
(3.3)
36
(0.3)
670
(6.2)
39
(0.9)
108
(1.7)
3 527
(1.0)
759
(1.7)
21 995
(16.5)
3 478
(2.7)
1 282
(5.6)
2 391
(21.9)
1 190
(9.2)
31
(0.3)
4 546
(42.0)
38
(0.9)
339
(5.5)
35 290
(10.3)
1 340
(2.9)
50 587
(38.0)
12 694
(9.8)
1 906
(8.3)
21 28
(19.5)
1 789
(13.8)
188
(1.8)
2 073
(19.2)
83
(1.9)
841
(13.6)
72 289
(21.2)
2 723
(5.9)
51 057
(38.4)
74 456
(57.2)
7 041
(30.8)
3 930
(36.1)
7 463
(57.6)
1 891
(18.1)
2 359
(21.8)
928
(21.5)
2 042
(32.9)
151 167
(44.2)
7 187
(15.6)
9 251
(7.0)
38 627
(29.7)
11 992
(52.5)
1 862
(17.1)
2 081
(16.1)
8 282
(79.4)
1 167
(10.8)
3 224
(74.8)
2 868
(46.3)
79 354
(23.2)
33 932
(73.9)
133 075
(100.0)
130 100
(100.0)
22 849
(100.0)
10 894
(100.0)
12 956
(100.0)
10 428
(100.0)
10 815
(100.0)
4 312
(100.0)
6 198
(100.0)
341 627
(100.0)
45 941
(100.0)
568
(3.5)
23
(1.2)
591
(3.3)
8
(0.7)
4 885
(1.2)
1 486
(9.2)
178
(9.1)
1 664
(9.2)
43
(3.8)
38 337
(9.4)
2 489
(15.3)
130
(6.6)
2 619
(14.4)
37
(3.3)
77 668
(19.1)
6 671
(41.1)
706
(36.1)
7 377
(40.6)
226
(20.2)
165 957
(40.8)
5 006
(30.9)
918
(47.0)
5 924
(32.6)
806
(72.0 )
120 016
(29.5)
16 220
(100.0 )
1 955
(100.0)
18 175
(100.0)
1 120
(100.0)
406 863
(100.0)
391 731
(6.3)
1 028 248
(16.5)
1 119 633
(17.9)
2 005 373
(32.1)
1 703 031
(27.3)
6 248 016
(100.0)
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Sub-total
(3)
Others(3)
Total
15
Whole population
aged 15 and over
(1)
(2) 2001
(3)
2011
Notes : (1)
(2)
(3)
54
Figures in brackets represent the percentages in respect of the total.

The figures include the equivalent educational attainment (highest level
attended) of Diploma/ Certificate courses in Institute of Vocational
Education / former Polytechnics / commercial schools / industrial
training centres of Vocational Training Council in the 2001 Population
Census.
The figures include Black, Latin American, etc.

5.1
Education
2001 2011 15
Chart 5.1 Proportion of ethnic minorities aged 15 and over by educational attainment (highest
level attended) and sex, 2001 and 2011
2001
Post-secondary
Male
Female
Upper secondary/sixth form
Lower secondary
Primary
No schooling/pre-primary
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Percentage
Percentage
2011
Post-secondary
Upper secondary/sixth form
Male
Female
Lower secondary
Primary
No schooling/pre-primary
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
10
20
Percentage
40
50
60
70
Percentage
15
15
Ethnic minorities aged 15 and over
2011
30
Whole population aged 15 and over
55

Education
5.7
Field of education
3 0 .8 % 2 1 .6 %
6 .7 %
6 .7 %
6 .6 % 5 .7 %
5 .7 % 5 .6 %
9 .5 %
5.8
5.3
40%
1 2 .6 % 11 .2 %
6 .0 % 7 .5 %

9 .3 %
7 . 7 % 5.3
2011
5.7
The distribution of the fields of study of postsecondary education for ethnic minorities was very
similar to that for the whole population. The two most
popular fields of education reported by ethnic minorities
having attended post-secondary education were
Business and commercial studies and Arts and social
science, in which 30.8% and 21.6% of the ethnic
minorities having attended post-secondary education
were in these two fields respectively. The other fields
of education attended by ethnic minorities were
Mechanical, electrical, electronic and marine
engineering (6.7%), Computer studies (6.7%),
Medical and health related studies (6.6%), Pure
science (5.7%), Education (5.7%), Architecture
and construction engineering (5.6%) and Others (9.5%).
(Table 5.3)
5.8
When analysed by ethnic group, at least 40%
of ethnic minorities having attended post-secondary
education in each ethnic group attended one of the two
most popular fields of education mentioned above.
Apart from these two fields of education, Medical and
health related studies and Computer Studies were
quite popular among Filipinos at 12.6% and 11.2%
respectively as compared with 6.0% and 7.5%
respectively of the whole population.
Besides,
Architecture and Construction Engineering was also
popular among Whites at 9.3% as compared with 7.7%
of the whole population. (Table 5.3)
56

5.3
Education
2011
(1)
Table 5.3 Proportion of ethnic minorities with post-secondary education(1) by ethnicity and field of
education, 2011
Proportion of population with post-secondary education (%)
Field of education
Ethnicity
Arts and
social science
Mechanical,
electrical,
electronic and
marine engineering
Architecture
and
construction
engineering
Computer studies
36.7
20.1
7.4
4.4
6.6
29.4
14.0
5.6
4.5
11.2
41.7
20.7
9.5
1.9
6.5
29.4
28.7
6.7
3.8
5.2
38.4
25.5
2.9
1.2
5.9
24.0
36.9
7.8
3.4
3.0
36.8
29.5
2.7
9.4
27.4
36.2
7.4
4.3
0.5
34.3
19.1
7.6
4.6
4.2
32.0
20.1
6.7
3.9
8.0
27.8
25.3
6.2
9.3
3.8
33.6
17.5
9.4
5.6
6.0
35.6
28.0
6.6
1.2
3.8
33.9
19.1
9.0
4.9
5.7
19.2
29.3
8.6
13.3
12.3
30.8
21.6
6.7
5.6
6.7
32.9
16.7
8.5
7.7
7.5
Business and
commercial studies
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(2)
Others(2)
Overall
Whole population
2011
57

5.3
Education
2011
(1)
Table 5.3 Proportion of ethnic minorities with post-secondary education(1) by ethnicity and field of
education, 2011 (cont'd.)
Proportion of population with post-secondary education (%)
Field of education
Ethnicity
Medical and
health related
studies
Pure science
education
Textile, design
and other
industrial
technology
Other fields
Overall
5.1
5.6
4.4
1.6
8.2
100.0
12.6
3.6
8.5
1.3
9.3
100.0
3.0
7.2
2.3
0.5
6.9
100.0
5.2
11.1
2.0
1.0
7.0
100.0
3.7
7.5
1.7
0.6
12.5
100.0
2.4
5.5
2.5
0.9
13.4
100.0
3.9
2.9
2.7
2.0
10.1
100.0
3.1
4.7
6.3
1.3
8.7
100.0
6.4
7.4
4.8
1.4
10.1
100.0
8.1
5.1
5.8
1.1
9.3
100.0
3.7
7.2
5.9
1.1
9.6
100.0
4.2
5.8
3.1
1.0
13.7
100.0
4.2
7.2
4.4
8.9
100.0
4.2
6.0
3.3
0.8
13.0
100.0
3.0
7.9
0.9
5.6
100.0
6.6
5.7
5.7
1.1
9.5
100.0
6.0
5.3
4.8
2.0
8.5
100.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(2)
Others(2)
Overall
Whole population
(1)
(2)
2011
Notes : (1) The figures refer to persons with education attainment (highest level
attended) as Post-secondary education.
58

Education
5.9
Studying full-time courses in educational

institutions in Hong Kong
2 0 11 3 2 400 1 5
9 679 1 5
15 15

4 .9%
1 .9 % 4 2 079
62%
32% 6%
5.4
5.4
5.9
In 2011, a total of 32 400 ethnic minorities
aged under 15 and 9 679 aged 15 and over were studying
full-time courses in educational institutions in Hong
Kong, constituting respectively 4.9% and 1.9% of the
whole population aged under 15 and aged 15 and over
studying full-time courses in educational institutions in
Hong Kong. Among the 42 079 ethnic minorities
studying full-time courses, 62% were receiving preprimary or primary education, 32% receiving secondary
education and 6% receiving post-secondary education.
(Table 5.4)
2011
Table 5.4 Ethnic minorities studying full-time courses in educational institutions in Hong Kong by
level of study and age group, 2011
Level of study
Ethnic minorities studying

full-time courses in Hong Kong
Population studying
full-time courses in Hong Kong
Proportion of ethnic minorities

studying full-time courses in
Hong Kong (%)
15
15
15
15
15
15
Aged under 15
Aged 15 and over
Aged under 15
Aged 15 and over
Aged
under 15
Aged 15
and over
Number
Number
Number
Number
8 517
26.3
166 098
25.2
5.1
17 467
53.9
326 111
49.4
164
0.0
5.4
6 232
19.2
1 827
18.9
165 802
25.1
62 352
12.3
3.8
2.9
184
0.6
5 347
55.2
1 985
0.3
249 554
49.4
9.3
2.1
2 505
25.9
193 102
38.2
1.3
32 400
100.0
9 679
100.0
659 996
100.0
505 172
100.0
4.9
1.9
Pre-primary
Primary
Lower secondary
/
Upper secondary/
sixth form
Post-secondary
Total
2011
59

Education
Place of study
2 0 11 4 2 079
5.10
3 4 .6 % 3 4 .7 %
3 0 .7 %
1 8 .1 % 3 4 .9 % 4 7 .0 %
5.5
18
5.11
9 .4%
9.2 % 9.0%
5.5
5.12
2 0 11 3 5 .3 %

3 4 .2 % 23.0%

2 9 .3 % 22.7%
2 3 .9 %
2 2 .9 %
5.5
2011
5.10
In 2011, 34.6% of the 42 079 ethnic
minorities studying full-time courses in educational
institutions in Hong Kong studied on Hong Kong Island,
while 34.7% in Kowloon and 30.7% in the New
Territories. The distribution of the place of study for
the whole population was considerably different from
that of ethnic minorities, with 18.1% on Hong Kong
Island, 34.9% in Kowloon and 47.0% in the New
Territories. (Table 5.5)
5.11
proportion of ethnic minorities studying in Southern was
9.4%, followed by 9.2% in Wan Chai and 9.0% in
Kowloon City. (Table 5.5)
5.12
Considerable clustering was observed in
terms of place of study for certain ethnic groups. For
instance, 35.3% of Korean studying full-time courses
had their place of study in Eastern in 2011. On the
other hand, 34.2% and 23.0% of Indonesians studying
full-time courses had their places of study in Yau Tsim
Mong and Islands respectively. As for 29.3% and
22.7% of Japanese full-time students had place of study
in Eastern and Wan Chai respectively. Yuen Long
(23.9%) and Yau Tsim Mong (22.9%) were the two
District Council districts with larger proportions of
Nepalese full-time students. (Table 5.5)
60

5.5
Education
2011
Table 5.5 Proportion of ethnic minorities studying full-time courses in educational institutions in
Hong Kong by ethnicity and place of study, 2011
Proportion of population studying full-time courses in educational institutions in Hong Kong (%)
Place of study (District Council district)
Ethnicity
Central
and
Western
Wan
Chai
Eastern
Southern
Yau
Tsim
Mong
Sham
Shui
Po
Kowloon
City
Wong
Tai
Sin
Kwun
Tong
1.3
3.3
9.2
34.2
9.2
8.8
11.7
3.5
1.0
8.9
13.1
7.6
1.2
12.3
10.8
9.5
6.6
11.1
8.2
10.8
15.6
0.6
10.3
3.7
7.0
5.4
0.6
9.6
17.8
3.4
4.2
12.3
2.5
8.8
2.1
0.6
22.9
11.4
3.2
0.8
7.2
3.1
22.7
29.3
5.4
6.4
1.6
11.9
3.8
0.4
9.1
0.8
16.0
4.7
10.3
11.1
22.8
10.5
5.6
35.3
13.5
0.2
2.9
11.9
6.6
10.0
10.1
14.0
18.0
4.6
4.5
1.2
4.8
6.1
10.0
8.4
4.6
11.1
11.6
8.0
1.9
9.7
14.6
10.4
5.6
24.6
2.0
3.1
10.5
0.3
2.5
5.4
5.6
9.6
5.8
6.8
5.8
9.6
4.4
6.8
13.8
11.7
6.3
16.5
3.0
2.2
11.3
0.7
3.3
7.0
6.8
9.0
7.8
6.0
5.1
10.0
3.7
6.1
23.9
14.5
35.0
12.8
12.0
8.1
9.2
8.0
9.4
8.0
8.2
9.0
2.1
7.3
4.6
4.0
6.4
3.1
6.3
7.5
9.5
4.2
7.3
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(1)
Others(1)
Overall
Whole population
2011
61

5.5
Education
2011
Table 5.5 Proportion of ethnic minorities studying full-time courses in educational institutions in
Hong Kong by ethnicity and place of study, 2011 (cont'd.)
Proportion of population studying full-time courses in educational institutions in Hong Kong (%)
Place of study (District Council district)
Ethnicity
Kwai
Tsing
Tsuen
Wan
Tuen
Mun
Yuen
Long
North
Tai
Po
Sha
Tin
Sai
Kung
Islands
Overall
5.9
9.9
3.9
23.0
100.0
0.9
2.0
1.3
4.4
0.3
0.1
4.1
1.5
17.5
100.0
2.6
3.2
1.2
0.7
0.4
3.4
0.7
4.4
100.0
8.8
0.7
9.6
6.2
1.1
1.0
3.5
1.6
3.7
100.0
1.6
2.4
6.6
23.9
0.7
0.0
0.5
1.1
3.5
100.0
9.5
2.3
4.0
100.0
4.7
4.7
4.9
0.2
1.0
1.4
2.5
5.1
100.0
0.9
0.1
1.1
0.1
2.8
4.4
3.8
7.0
100.0
1.6
3.4
1.9
4.1
3.2
3.7
3.6
4.8
100.0
3.7
0.8
4.9
6.3
0.9
1.5
3.0
1.3
6.1
100.0
1.9
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.3
0.6
5.3
5.8
8.3
100.0
3.8
1.4
6.5
6.4
2.9
4.2
6.1
5.6
3.3
100.0
1.4
1.0
5.9
1.1
3.0
1.9
16.9
100.0
3.1
1.4
5.5
6.3
2.6
3.4
5.5
4.9
5.9
100.0
0.9
0.9
100.0
3.2
1.0
4.3
5.3
1.4
1.8
4.1
3.1
6.4
100.0
6.2
3.3
6.4
7.3
3.9
3.6
9.2
5.5
1.7
100.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(1)
Others(1)
Overall
Whole population
(1)
2011
62

6.
6.
Labour force participation rate
6.1
8 6 .9 %
5 9 .7 %
6 5 .2 %
5 7 .9 %
6.1
6.1
Ethnic minorities were more likely to join the
labour force. The labour force participation rate for
ethnic minorities was 86.9%, which was significantly
higher than that for the whole population (59.7%) as
a number of working ethnic minorities were foreign
domestic helpers. The corresponding rate with foreign
domestic helpers excluded was 65.2%, which was still
higher than that of 57.9% for the whole population.
When analysed by sex and age, the labour force
participation rates for females were significantly higher
among ethnic minorities than the whole population for all
age groups. However, the rates for female ethnic
minorities after excluding foreign domestic helpers were
lower than those for the whole population for the younger
age groups. For males, the labour force participation
rates were higher among older ethnic minorities than the
whole population but lower among younger ethnic
minorities. (Table 6.1)
6.2
6 0 64
2 0 11 2 0 0 1
2 0 11
2 0 0 1 6.1
6.2
In 2011, both male and female labour force
participation rates for ethnic minorities of the age group
60-64 was much higher than the corresponding figures in
2001. The figures for the other age groups in 2011 are
broadly comparable to those in 2001. (Chart 6.1)
6.3
9 0 .1 %
1 5 99 .0 %
9 6 .9 %

70%

6.1
6.3
Further analysed by ethnic group, the labour
force participation rate of Asians (other than Chinese)
was 90.1%, which was relatively higher as compared
with other ethnic groups. Among the Asians (other than
Chinese) group, nearly all of Indonesians (99.0%) and
Filipinos (96.9%) aged 15 and over participated in the
labour force as a majority of them were foreign domestic
helpers and the reason for their staying in Hong Kong
was working. The male labour force participation rates
for most ethnic groups exceeded 70% while the rates for
females varied among different ethnic groups. The
female labour force participation rates of some ethnic
groups such as Indians, Pakistanis, Japanese and Koreans
contrasted sharply with their male counterparts. This
might be due to the fact that these female ethnic
minorities were mostly housewives or it might be related
to the traditional custom of their ethnicities. (Table 6.1)
63
2011
Labour Force

6.1
Labour Force
2011
Table 6.1 Labour force participation rates of ethnic minorities by sex, ethnicity and age group,
2011
15 24
25 34
35 44
Age group
45 54
55 64
65+
Sex
Overall
(1)
Labour force participation rate(1) (%)
Ethnicity
Male
58.0
76.6
100.0
100.0
80.9
7.0
73.3
36.4
95.6
93.3
95.2
84.2
37.3
84.8
37.2
95.5
96.6
94.8
87.3
43.1
83.6
41.4
80.6
85.2
75.3
55.3
35.3
68.9
66.8
89.4
90.0
91.7
95.2
55.9
85.2
21.9
93.1
98.0
95.7
84.6
68.4
90.5
34.2
74.7
79.6
83.4
100.0
75.4
2.0
87.6
94.0
95.5
62.0
6.5
77.6
22.7
78.0
71.0
82.8
93.4
39.4
68.9
42.6
89.8
91.4
92.4
82.7
42.9
81.3
41.6
94.5
94.3
94.1
87.0
37.6
84.9
35.6
95.9
87.9
82.5
57.8
14.9
65.4
9.0
80.0
73.8
90.9
61.7
52.2
32.9
94.1
86.8
82.6
57.8
18.2
64.4
31.8
68.3
70.4
93.6
100.0
72.4
40.0
91.4
91.8
92.4
83.1
37.3
80.7
39.6
91.1
91.4
92.0
82.8
37.3
80.1
40.4
92.1
92.1
89.2
65.0
11.5
67.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(2)
Others(2)
Overall
Overall, excluding foreign

domestic helpers
Whole population
2011
64

6.1
Labour Force
2011
2011 (cont'd.)
15 24
25 34
35 44
Age group
45 54
55 64
65+
Sex
Overall
(1)
Ethnicity
Female
99.7
99.3
99.1
98.7
88.8
11.1
99.1
87.7
99.0
97.9
97.7
91.4
38.4
97.5
44.1
63.9
53.7
52.8
30.1
4.4
49.9
18.9
11.9
13.1
4.9
5.2
12.4
59.1
61.8
75.3
76.0
45.6
23.3
65.1
43.8
47.7
40.9
51.5
38.3
16.8
43.5
45.1
57.1
62.3
67.6
49.4
16.8
59.1
12.9
72.2
48.6
41.0
34.9
47.1
41.5
70.0
58.1
59.6
46.6
4.4
56.6
84.3
95.4
92.0
88.8
69.8
14.3
91.4
40.1
76.2
61.9
56.6
41.8
12.1
56.7
31.6
84.8
80.7
66.8
35.5
5.2
56.5
28.9
72.1
62.1
78.9
55.9
55.6
59.0
31.3
82.5
77.5
68.3
37.0
6.9
56.8
41.7
39.1
39.3
33.1
75.2
94.7
90.2
84.9
63.1
12.8
88.5
37.4
56.8
55.1
57.7
38.6
7.8
49.6
42.5
84.0
73.2
63.2
34.1
3.0
53.4
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(2)
Others(2)
Overall

domestic helpers
Whole population
2011
65

6.1
Labour Force
2011
2011 (cont'd.)
15 24
25 34
35 44
Age group
45 54
55 64
65+
Sex
Overall
(1)
Ethnicity
Both sexes
99.5
99.3
99.1
98.8
88.0
9.6
99.0
78.3
98.9
97.7
97.5
90.7
38.1
96.9
41.1
79.3
74.6
74.7
62.8
24.8
66.6
32.4
43.5
63.1
48.7
30.6
33.0
46.0
62.6
74.2
84.1
85.5
73.8
45.2
75.7
35.0
66.4
65.3
81.6
69.7
56.0
68.7
42.1
60.0
64.5
68.4
49.2
18.7
60.6
7.2
78.4
67.1
65.3
46.9
3.1
60.2
33.2
72.0
62.5
69.8
64.3
21.2
61.0
75.9
95.0
91.9
89.5
73.3
29.3
90.1
40.9
87.1
82.3
81.0
71.2
30.8
74.4
33.5
90.3
84.2
73.9
45.1
11.0
60.8
20.6
75.0
65.7
79.5
55.9
60.3
56.7
32.1
88.0
81.8
74.3
45.6
13.7
60.4
36.3
61.6
62.0
65.2
100.0
62.1
65.4
94.3
90.5
87.0
70.9
27.6
86.9
38.5
73.7
73.5
75.5
61.1
26.0
65.2
41.4
87.4
81.2
75.5
49.5
7.0
59.7
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(2)
Others(2)
Overall

domestic helpers
Whole population
(1) 15
(2)
2011
Notes : (1) The proportion of labour force in the total population aged 15 and over.
66

6.1
Labour Force
2001 2006 2011
Chart 6.1 Labour force participation rates of ethnic minorities by sex and age group, 2001, 2006
and 2011
Male
Percentage
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65+ Age group
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65+ Age group
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65+ Age group
Percentage
Female
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
15-19
20-24
Percentage
Both sexes
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
15-19
20-24
2001
2011
2006
67
2011

Labour Force
Working ethnic minorities
Economic activity status
6.4
2 0 11 3 4 9 700
9 .9 %
2 1 9 1 061
1 722
6.5
6.2
2 0 11 3 4 9 700
96.2%
8 8 .8 %

2 .2 % 1.7%
7.9%
4 .8%
6.6
6.2
2 0 11
1 3 .9 % 1 2 .2 % 11 .8 % 6.2
2011
6.4
A total of 349 700 ethnic minorities in Hong
Kong were in the working population, constituting 9.9%
of the whole working population in 2011. The sex ratio
of the working ethnic minorities was 219 males per
1 000 females, which contrasted the ratio for the whole
working population at 1 061. After excluding foreign
domestic helpers, the sex ratio of the working ethnic
minorities was 1 722, which was even higher than that
for the whole population. (Table 6.2)
6.5
Among the 349 700 working ethnic
minorities in 2011, 96.2% of them were employees, as
compared with the whole working population of 88.8%.
The proportions of employers and self-employed/unpaid
family workers among all the working ethnic minorities
were very low at 2.2% and 1.7% respectively. After
excluding foreign domestic helpers, the proportion of
employers among the working ethnic minorities was
7.9%, which was higher than that of 4.8% for the whole
population. (Table 6.2)
6.6
When analysed by ethnic group, it is noted
that the proportions of employers among the working
Koreans, Indians and Japanese were slightly higher than
the other ethnic groups, at 13.9%, 12.2% and 11.8%
respectively in 2011. (Table 6.2)
68

6.2
Labour Force
2011
Table 6.2 Working ethnic minorities by sex, ethnicity and economic activity status, 2011
Sex
Ethnicity
(1)
Employees(1)
Employers
Self-employed/
unpaid family
workers
Total
(2)
Male
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
513
(87.2)
4 960
(94.9)
7 091
(76.5)
3 436
(85.5)
5 298
(92.9)
4 204
(83.1)
593
(84.8)
1 107
(78.2)
1 126
(74.0)
28 328
(84.6)
19 964
(84.1)
55
(9.4)
94
(1.8)
1 586
(17.1)
263
(6.5)
220
(3.9)
652
(12.9)
21
(3.0)
243
(17.2)
223
(14.7)
3 357
(10.0)
2 397
(10.1)
20
(3.4)
171
(3.3)
597
(6.4)
322
(8.0)
185
(3.2)
200
(4.0)
85
(12.2)
66
(4.7)
173
(11.4)
1 819
(5.4)
1 369
(5.8)
588
(100.0)
5 225
(100.0)
9 274
(100.0)
4 021
(100.0)
5 703
(100.0)
5 056
(100.0)
699
(100.0)
1 416
(100.0)
1 522
(100.0)
33 504
(100.0)
23 730
(100.0)
4 035
(84.7)
324
(94.2)
4 359
(85.4)
453
(78.2)
53 104
(84.4)
250
(5.2)
20
(5.8)
270
(5.3)
55
(9.5)
6 079
(9.7)
477
(10.0)
477
(9.3)
71
(12.3)
3 736
(5.9)
4 762
(100.0)
344
(100.0)
5 106
(100.0)
579
(100.0)
62 919
(100.0)
50 627
(83.8)
6 079
(10.1)
3 736
(6.2)
60 442
(100.0)
1 538 799
(84.3)
125 525
(6.9)
161 751
(8.9)
1 826 075
(100.0)
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Sub-total
(3)
Others(3)
Total
Total, excluding foreign

domestic helpers
Whole working population
2011
69

6.2
Labour Force
2011
Table 6.2 Working ethnic minorities by sex, ethnicity and economic activity status, 2011 (cont'd.)
Sex
Ethnicity
(1)
Employees(1)
Employers
Self-employed/
unpaid family
workers
Total
(2)
Female
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
131 034
(100.0)
120 142
(99.8)
4 825
(89.4)
425
(94.2)
3 816
(97.3)
1 673
(81.4)
5 442
(95.5)
907
(80.1)
1 942
(92.0)
270 206
(99.3)
7 847
(86.0)
27
(0.0)
144
(0.1)
211
(3.9)
17
(3.8)
38
(1.0)
186
(9.1)
126
(2.2)
111
(9.8)
83
(3.9)
943
(0.3)
456
(5.0)
20
(0.0)
113
(0.1)
361
(6.7)
9
(2.0)
67
(1.7)
196
(9.5)
131
(2.3)
115
(10.2)
85
(4.0)
1 097
(0.4)
821
(9.0)
131 081
(100.0)
120 399
(100.0)
5 397
(100.0)
451
(100.0)
3 921
(100.0)
2 055
(100.0)
5 699
(100.0)
1 133
(100.0)
2 110
(100.0)
272 246
(100.0)
9 124
(100.0)
4 323
(94.7)
730
(96.4)
5 053
(94.9)
82
(94.3)
283 188
(98.7)
46
(1.0)
10
(1.3)
56
(1.1)
5
(5.7)
1 460
(0.5)
198
(4.3)
17
(2.2)
215
(4.0)
2 133
(0.7)
4 567
(100.0)
757
(100.0)
5 324
(100.0)
87
(100.0)
286 781
(100.0)
31 504
(89.8)
1 460
(4.2)
2 133
(6.1)
35 097
(100.0)
1 610 612
(93.5)
43 748
(2.5)
67 346
(3.9)
1 721 706
(100.0)
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Sub-total
(3)
Others(3)
Total

domestic helpers
2011
70

6.2
Labour Force
2011
Table 6.2 Working ethnic minorities by sex, ethnicity and economic activity status, 2011 (cont'd.)
Sex
Ethnicity
(1)
Employees(1)
Employers
Self-employed/
unpaid family
workers
Total
(2)
Both sexes
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
131 547
(99.9)
125 102
(99.6)
11 916
(81.2)
3 861
(86.3)
9 114
(94.7)
5 877
(82.6)
6 035
(94.3)
2 014
(79.0)
3 068
(84.5)
298 534
(97.6)
27 811
(84.7)
82
(0.1)
238
(0.2)
1 797
(12.2)
280
(6.3)
258
(2.7)
838
(11.8)
147
(2.3)
354
(13.9)
306
(8.4)
4 300
(1.4)
2 853
(8.7)
40
(0.0)
284
(0.2)
958
(6.5)
331
(7.4)
252
(2.6)
396
(5.6)
216
(3.4)
181
(7.1)
258
(7.1)
2 916
(1.0)
2 190
(6.7)
131 669
(100.0)
125 624
(100.0)
14 671
(100.0)
4 472
(100.0)
9 624
(100.0)
7 111
(100.0)
6 398
(100.0)
2 549
(100.0)
3 632
(100.0)
305 750
(100.0)
32 854
(100.0)
8 358
(89.6)
1 054
(95.7)
9 412
(90.2)
535
(80.3)
336 292
(96.2)
296
(3.2)
30
(2.7)
326
(3.1)
60
(9.0)
7 539
(2.2)
675
(7.2)
17
(1.5)
692
(6.6)
71
(10.7)
5 869
(1.7)
9 329
(100.0)
1 101
(100.0)
10 430
(100.0)
666
(100.0)
349 700
(100.0)
82 131
(86.0)
7 539
(7.9)
5 869
(6.1)
95 539
(100.0)
3 149 411
(88.8)
169 273
(4.8)
229 097
(6.5)
3 547 781
(100.0)
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Sub-total
(3)
Others(3)
Total

domestic helpers

(1)
(2)
(3)
2011
Notes : (1) The figures include outworkers and student workers.

71

Labour Force
6.7
Occupation
7 5 .8 %

1 9 .5 %
2 7 .0 %
3 3 .7 %

6.8
6.3
8 6 .0 %

4 0 .5 % 46.3% 6.3
6.9
90%

9 0 %

7 3 .4 %

3 8 .4 %
4 2 .6 %

6.3
2011
6.7
The majority (75.8%) of the working ethnic
minorities were engaged in Elementary occupations,
which was notably more than that for the whole working
population (19.5%). This was mainly due to that many
of the working ethnic minorities were foreign domestic
helpers. On the other hand, about 27.0% and 33.7% of
ethnic minorities other than foreign domestic helpers
were
Managers
and
administrators
and
Professionals/associate professionals respectively.
(Table 6.3)
6.8
The distributions of occupations varied
among different ethnic groups. Overall speaking, a
large proportion (86.0%) of Asians (other than Chinese)
were engaged in Elementary occupations while the
majority of Whites were working as Managers and
administrators (40.5%) and Professionals/associate
professionals (46.3%). (Table 6.3)
6.9
There were also variations in the distributions
of occupations among different ethnic groups within
Asians (other than Chinese). For instance, over 90% of
the female working Indonesians and Filipinos were
engaged in Elementary occupations because most of
them were domestic helpers. On the other hand, more
than 90% of the male working Japanese and Koreans
were
Managers
and
administrators
and
Professionals/associate
professionals
and
the
corresponding proportion was also relatively high among
the male working Indians (73.4%). For the working
Thais and Indian, most of the females were also engaged
in Elementary occupations but most of the male Thais
were Clerical support workers/service and sales
workers. Furthermore, a large proportion (38.4%) of
the working male Pakistanis were employed in
Elementary occupations while some 42.6% of females
were Professionals/associate professionals.
(Table 6.3)
72

6.3
Labour Force
2011
Table 6.3 Proportion of working ethnic minorities by sex, ethnicity and occupation, 2011
Proportion of working population (%)
Occupation
Sex
Ethnicity
Managers and Professionals

administrators
/associate
professionals
Clerical
support
workers/
service and
sales workers
Craft and
related
workers, plant
and machine
operators and
assemblers
Elementary
occupations
Skilled
agricultural
and fishery
workers; and
occupations
not
classifiable
Overall
Male
8.8
23.0
17.0
8.5
42.7
100.0
5.6
30.9
14.0
13.7
35.9
100.0
38.2
35.1
15.3
5.7
5.7
100.0
8.2
14.2
16.4
22.8
38.4
100.0
2.4
8.2
30.8
19.2
39.3
100.0
61.5
31.5
6.5
0.5
100.0
9.9
11.3
51.1
15.0
12.7
100.0
56.6
37.9
4.5
1.0
100.0
36.8
44.4
11.0
3.5
4.3
100.0
26.5
26.7
16.7
10.4
19.8
100.0
45.5
44.7
5.0
3.2
1.5
0.1
100.0
13.9
28.8
28.6
18.2
10.2
0.3
100.0
31.4
54.9
4.7
0.6
8.4
100.0
15.1
30.6
27.0
17.0
10.1
0.2
100.0
37.0
43.4
10.2
6.0
3.5
100.0
32.9
33.9
13.1
8.1
12.0
0.1
100.0
34.2
35.3
13.6
8.0
8.8
0.0
100.0
12.8
27.7
24.6
22.4
12.3
0.1
100.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(1)
Others(1)
Overall

domestic helpers
Whole population
2011
73

6.3
Labour Force
2011
Table 6.3 Proportion of working ethnic minorities by sex, ethnicity and occupation, 2011 (cont'd.)
Occupation
Sex
Ethnicity

administrators
/associate
professionals
Craft and
Clerical
related
support
workers,
workers/
plant and
service and
machine
sales
workers operators and
assemblers
Elementary
occupations
Skilled
agricultural
and fishery
workers; and
occupations
not
classifiable
Overall
Female
0.0
0.1
0.3
99.6
100.0
0.2
1.0
1.8
0.1
96.9
100.0
11.3
24.9
20.5
0.4
42.9
100.0
14.2
42.6
26.6
1.8
14.9
100.0
0.5
3.7
47.1
2.0
46.6
100.0
26.7
34.9
35.8
0.9
1.8
100.0
1.8
2.7
27.1
0.9
67.5
100.0
24.6
41.5
31.4
2.5
100.0
11.6
26.8
18.1
2.6
40.9
100.0
0.8
1.8
3.2
0.1
94.1
100.0
27.4
50.4
17.4
0.8
4.0
100.0
8.1
24.7
49.9
3.7
13.5
0.1
100.0
10.6
15.1
5.7
68.7
100.0
8.4
23.3
43.7
3.2
21.3
0.1
100.0
11.5
77.0
11.5
100.0
1.8
3.8
4.4
0.2
89.9
0.0
100.0
14.7
30.9
35.6
1.5
17.3
0.0
100.0
7.3
24.4
39.4
1.8
27.1
0.1
100.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(1)
Others(1)
Overall

domestic helpers
Whole population
2011
74

6.3
Labour Force
2011
Table 6.3 Proportion of working ethnic minorities by sex, ethnicity and occupation, 2011 (cont'd.)
Occupation
Sex
Ethnicity

administrators
/associate
professionals
Clerical
support
workers/
service and
sales workers
Craft and Elementary

related occupations
workers, plant
and machine
operators and
assemblers
Skilled
agricultural
and fishery
workers; and
occupations
not
classifiable
Overall
Both sexes
0.1
0.2
0.4
99.3
100.0
0.5
2.2
2.3
0.6
94.4
100.0
28.3
31.4
17.2
3.7
19.4
100.0
8.8
17.0
17.4
20.7
36.0
100.0
1.6
6.4
37.4
12.2
42.3
100.0
51.4
32.5
15.0
0.3
0.9
100.0
2.7
3.7
29.7
2.4
61.5
100.0
42.4
39.5
16.5
0.5
1.1
100.0
22.2
34.2
15.1
3.0
25.6
100.0
3.6
4.5
4.6
1.2
86.0
100.0
40.5
46.3
8.5
2.5
2.2
0.1
100.0
11.1
26.8
39.0
11.1
11.8
0.2
100.0
17.1
27.5
5.4
0.2
49.9
100.0
11.7
26.9
35.5
9.9
15.8
0.2
100.0
33.6
47.7
10.4
5.3
3.0
100.0
7.4
9.2
5.9
1.6
75.8
0.0
100.0
27.0
33.7
21.7
5.6
11.9
0.0
100.0
10.1
26.1
31.8
12.4
19.5
0.1
100.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(1)
Others(1)
Overall

domestic helpers
Whole population
(1)
2011
75

Labour Force
Industry
7 4 .2 %
6.10

6 .2 %
4 .1 %
2 2 . 7 %
1 4 .5 %
1 3 .0 % 6.4
6.11
2 3 .2 % 1 4 .5 %
1 3 .9 %

8 9 .1 %
2 0 .2 %
6.4
6.12
8 4 .2 %

1 9 .4 % 1 7 .9 %
1 7 .1 %
1 6 .0 %
6.4
6 .1 3

4 0 .4 % 3 2 .9 %
3 0 .5 % 2 9 .5 %
2011
6.10
Analysed by industry, 74.2% of the working
ethnic minorities were engaged in the Miscellaneous
social and personal services sector, followed by 6.2% in
the Import/export, wholesale and retail trades sector
and 4.1% in the Real estate, professional and business
services sector. There were marked differences in the
distributions of industries between the working ethnic
minorities and the whole working population. Among
the whole working population, the largest proportion
(22.7%) worked in the Import/export, wholesale and
retail trades sector, followed by 14.5% in the Public
administration, education, human health and social work
activities sector, and 13.0% in the Real estate,
professional and business services sector. (Table 6.4)
6.11
For male working ethnic minorities, many
of them were engaged in such sectors as Import/export,
wholesale and retail trades (23.2%), Financing,
insurance (14.5%), and Real estate, professional and
business services (13.9%). For female working ethnic
minorities, most (89.1%) of them were engaged in the
Miscellaneous social and personal services sector.
After excluding foreign domestic helpers, there were
more female working ethnic minorities in the
Import/export, wholesale and retail trades sector
(20.2%). (Table 6.4)
6.12
The working ethnic minorities of different
ethnicities concentrated in different industries. For
Asians (other than Chinese), a large proportion (84.2%)
of them were working in the Miscellaneous social and
personal services sector as a large proportion of them
were domestic helpers. On the other hand, larger
proportions of Whites were working in such sectors as
Public administration, education, human health and
social work activities (19.4%), Financing and
insurance (17.9%), Real estate, professional and
business services (17.1%) and Import/export,
wholesale and retail trades (16.0%). (Table 6.4)
6.13
Among Asians (other than Chinese),
variations in industries among different ethnic groups
could be observed. Nearly all of the working Filipinos
and Indonesians were engaged in the Miscellaneous
social and personal services sector.
Relatively
speaking, there were more working Indians (40.4%),
76

Labour Force

3 1 .5 %
2 4 .8 %
6.14
6.4
2 3 .2 %
18.9% 1 . 7 % 1.8%

20%

1 5 %
6.4
2011
Japanese (32.9%), Koreans (30.5%) and Thais (29.5%)

in the Import/export, wholesale and retail trades sector.
As for Pakistanis, larger proportions of them were found
in the Accommodation and food services (31.5%) and
Real estate, professional and business services (24.8%)
sectors. (Table 6.4)
6.14
Variations in industries among males and
females of the same ethnic group were also noted. For
Pakistanis and Thais, the proportions of the male
working population in the Construction sector (23.2%
and 18.9% respectively) were substantially larger than
their female counterparts (1.7% and 1.8% respectively).
On the other hand, about half of the female working
Pakistanis were engaged in the Accommodation and
food services sector while only less than 20% of males
were in the same sector. In contrast, more than half of
the male working Nepalese were found in the
Accommodation and food services sector but only
around 15% of females worked in the same sector.
(Table 6.4)
77

6.4
Labour Force
2011
Table 6.4 Proportion of working ethnic minorities by sex, ethnicity and industry, 2011
Proportion of Working Population (%)
Industry
Sex
Manufacturing
Construction
Ethnicity
Import/ export,
wholesale and
retail trades
Transportation,
storage, postal
and courier
services
Accommodation
and food services
Information and
communications
Male
1.6
2.5
10.5
3.5
10.1
3.3
2.0
7.7
13.4
10.0
3.4
6.0
7.2
2.1
47.4
8.2
3.3
4.7
0.5
23.2
16.2
3.2
18.6
0.3
4.0
17.2
4.9
52.2
1.6
2.7
2.4
41.4
8.3
4.9
6.2
3.1
18.9
29.9
13.0
3.2
1.0
4.7
6.7
36.2
3.6
0.8
4.7
1.8
2.4
33.2
10.3
2.0
6.2
2.8
8.2
30.2
7.1
8.3
3.7
2.9
5.2
14.7
11.8
3.5
6.6
6.4
13.3
17.5
14.0
11.7
3.7
5.5
13.4
16.3
1.7
5.9
12.8
17.2
14.1
11.0
3.5
0.7
1.6
17.4
21.8
2.1
7.8
3.1
7.4
23.2
9.6
6.6
4.8
3.2
7.7
24.1
10.0
6.9
5.0
4.9
13.4
20.7
13.6
7.7
4.3
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(3)
Others(3)
Overall
Overall, excluding
foreign domestic
helpers
Whole population
2011
78

6.4
Labour Force
2011
Table 6.4 Proportion of working ethnic minorities by sex, ethnicity and industry, 2011 (cont'd.)
Industry
Sex
Financing and
insurance
Ethnicity
(1)
Real estate,
Public administration,
Miscellaneous social
professional and education, human health and personal services(1)
business services and social work activities
(2)
Others (2)
Overall
Male
4.3
10.0
10.4
43.6
100.0
3.1
4.8
8.3
41.3
100.0
15.9
5.8
3.4
1.8
100.0
0.4
33.4
1.8
1.8
0.6
100.0
4.3
11.4
0.1
4.3
100.0
19.7
5.2
4.8
3.8
0.6
100.0
4.7
16.7
1.8
6.3
1.5
100.0
25.2
6.8
9.7
1.6
100.0
11.6
8.9
17.3
6.2
100.0
10.9
12.6
5.3
10.4
0.5
100.0
21.0
16.6
15.3
1.9
0.4
100.0
6.1
11.8
11.4
2.9
1.3
100.0
28.5
3.8
25.0
2.9
2.9
100.0
7.6
11.2
12.3
2.9
1.4
100.0
21.2
6.7
20.2
0.5
100.0
14.5
13.9
9.8
6.5
0.5
100.0
15.1
14.5
10.2
2.6
0.5
100.0
5.8
13.3
11.6
3.4
1.2
100.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(3)
Others(3)
Overall
Overall, excluding
foreign domestic
helpers
Whole population
2011
79

6.4
Labour Force
2011
Industry
Sex
Manufacturing
Construction
Ethnicity
Import/ export,
wholesale and
retail trades
Transportation,
storage, postal
and courier
services
Accommodation
and food services
Information and
communications
Female
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.7
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
3.2
1.3
23.1
15.0
9.3
5.0
0.6
1.7
9.1
1.6
50.3
0.3
0.3
10.6
4.0
15.1
0.1
1.7
0.5
18.2
5.4
5.1
2.5
1.8
1.8
26.2
8.2
2.0
2.9
0.4
23.5
13.3
7.7
1.2
4.3
2.7
17.6
1.4
10.9
3.3
0.2
0.1
1.5
0.5
1.7
0.2
1.9
1.4
19.5
3.9
3.6
5.5
4.4
2.2
29.1
6.3
6.7
4.7
2.2
4.9
3.8
1.9
25.2
6.1
5.8
4.0
12.6
11.5
0.3
0.2
2.5
0.7
1.8
0.4
2.3
1.4
20.2
6.0
15.1
3.5
3.1
1.8
24.8
4.0
8.0
2.2
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(3)
Others(3)
Overall
Overall, excluding
foreign domestic
helpers
Whole population
2011
80

6.4
Labour Force
2011
Industry
Sex
Financing and
insurance
Ethnicity
(1)
Real estate,
(2)
Others (2)
Overall
Female
0.5
0.4
0.4
97.1
0.0
100.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
99.3
100.0
9.1
13.8
16.4
3.0
0.8
100.0
0.5
12.4
4.1
19.6
0.1
100.0
0.7
14.7
1.7
52.3
0.2
100.0
7.5
7.4
11.5
39.9
0.3
100.0
11.1
42.8
6.2
100.0
9.3
20.0
10.9
10.9
100.0
3.2
8.0
13.7
35.0
100.0
0.6
1.1
0.9
93.3
0.0
100.0
10.0
18.3
30.2
5.2
0.3
100.0
5.5
12.6
15.8
12.5
0.2
100.0
6.9
8.5
8.2
69.4
100.0
5.7
12.0
14.7
20.5
0.2
100.0
5.7
44.8
24.1
1.1
100.0
1.0
1.9
2.1
89.1
0.0
100.0
7.9
15.4
16.9
10.9
0.3
100.0
6.6
12.7
17.5
19.0
0.4
100.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(3)
Others(3)
Overall
Overall, excluding
foreign domestic
helpers
Whole population
2011
81

6.4
Labour Force
2011
Industry
Sex
Manufacturing
Construction
Ethnicity
Import/ export,
wholesale and
retail trades
Transportation,
storage, postal
and courier
services
Accommodation
and food services
Information and
communications
Both sexes
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.3
1.1
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
6.0
1.9
40.4
10.2
5.1
4.8
0.5
14.5
13.3
2.6
31.5
0.2
0.3
0.7
11.3
4.1
19.2
0.2
2.3
1.7
32.9
7.2
5.0
4.9
2.9
17.2
29.5
11.7
3.7
1.1
3.9
3.9
30.5
7.9
3.9
3.2
3.2
2.5
24.1
5.1
7.2
4.5
0.5
1.0
4.6
1.2
2.4
0.6
Overall
White
2.7
4.2
16.0
9.6
3.5
6.3
5.4
7.9
23.1
10.2
9.2
4.2
1.7
5.7
8.4
0.5
4.9
7.2
21.3
10.0
8.3
3.8
0.6
3.0
16.7
18.9
1.8
6.8
0.8
1.5
6.2
2.3
2.7
1.2
2.9
5.4
22.7
8.5
9.9
4.5
4.0
7.8
22.7
8.9
7.9
3.3
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(3)
Others(3)
Overall
Overall, excluding
foreign domestic
helpers
Whole population
2011
82

6.4
Labour Force
2011
Industry
Financing and
insurance
Sex
Ethnicity
(1)
Real estate,
(2)
Others (2)
Overall
Both sexes
0.7
0.8
0.8
94.9
100.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
99.0
100.0
13.9
8.1
7.2
2.2
0.2
100.0
0.4
24.8
2.7
9.1
0.4
100.0
1.1
14.4
1.5
47.1
0.2
100.0
15.2
6.0
7.3
17.1
0.5
100.0
5.3
15.0
5.9
6.3
1.4
100.0
18.1
12.7
10.2
5.7
100.0
6.7
8.4
15.2
22.9
100.0
1.7
2.4
1.4
84.2
0.1
100.0
17.9
17.1
19.4
2.8
0.4
100.0
5.8
12.2
13.6
7.6
0.7
100.0
13.6
7.0
13.4
48.6
0.9
100.0
6.6
11.6
13.5
11.9
0.8
100.0
19.2
11.7
20.7
0.6
100.0
3.4
4.1
3.5
74.2
0.1
100.0
12.5
14.9
12.7
5.7
0.5
100.0
6.2
13.0
14.5
11.0
0.8
100.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(3)
Others(3)
Overall
Overall, excluding
foreign domestic
helpers
Whole population
(1)
(2)
(3)
2011
Notes : (1) Covering foreign domestic helpers working in domestic households.

(2) Others include such industries as Agriculture, forestry and fishing,
Mining and quarrying, Electricity and gas supply, Water supply;
sewerage, waste management and remediation activities and industrial
activities inadequately described or unclassifiable.
83

Labour Force
Monthly income from main employment
6.15

4 ,0 0 0
40%
6.15
As the majority of the working ethnic
minorities were foreign domestic helpers, it was not
surprising to note that nearly two-third of them had
monthly income from main employment less than
$4,000. After excluding foreign domestic helpers, the
distribution was very different. More than 40% the
working ethnic minorities other than foreign domestic
helpers had monthly income from main employment of
$30,000 and over. (Table 6.5)
3 0 ,0 0 0
6.5
6.16
3 ,6 0 0
20,000
11,000
6.5
6.17
59,000 30,000

45,000 4 0 ,0 0 0
2 0 ,000 2 1 ,0 00
1 0 ,0 0 0
3 ,5 8 0 6.5
6.18
6.2 6.3
6.19
2 0 11
91.8% 57.1%
2011
6.16
The median monthly income from main
employment of the working ethnic minorities was
$3,600 and the median of the working ethnic minorities
with foreign domestic helpers excluded was $20,000.
The former was lower than the median of the whole
working population ($11,000), while the latter was
higher than that figure. (Table 6.5)
6.17
Analysed by ethnic group and sex, Whites
had the highest medians of the monthly income from
main employment for both males ($59,000) and females
($30,000).
Among Asians (other than Chinese),
Koreans and Japanese generally had higher income from
main employment, with medians of $45,000 and
$40,000 respectively for males and $20,000 and $21,000
respectively for females. In contrast, Filipinos and
Indonesians had relatively lower monthly income from
main employment, with medians for males both less than
$10,000 and those for females both being $3,580.
(Table 6.5)
6.18
Obviously, the differences in the level of
income from main employment were attributable to the
variations in their occupations and industries. In
general, the male ethnic minorities had somewhat higher
income from main employment than their female
counterparts in the same category of occupation and
industry. (Chart 6.2 and Chart 6.3)
6.19
In 2011, the figures on median monthly
income from main employment of male ethnic
minorities working as Managers and administrators
and Professionals were about 91.8% and 57.1% higher
than that of the whole male working population
respectively, while the income levels for those in all
other occupations were about the same as those for the
whole male working population.
84

6.2
6.20
2011
6.3
2011
Labour Force
Similar pattern can be observed from the income levels

of different occupations of female ethnic minorities.
(Chart 6.2)
6.20
In 2011, the medians of monthly income
from main employment for male ethnic minorities in all
industries were higher than those for the whole male
working population, particularly for the Financing, and
insurance sector. Similar pattern can be observed
from the income levels of different industries of female
ethnic minorities. (Chart 6.3)
85

6.5
Labour Force
(1)
2011
Table 6.5 Proportion of working ethnic minorities by sex, ethnicity and monthly income from
main employment(1), 2011
Sex
Monthly income from main employment (HK$)
<4,000
Ethnicity
4,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000

9,999 14,999 19,999 24,999 29,999
Overall
Median monthly
income from main
employment
(HK$)
Median monthly
income from main
employment (HK$)
(excluding foreign
domestic helpers)
Male
33.7
19.9
12.9
8.5
7.3
17.7
100.0
9,300
15,000
19.0
36.2
17.4
6.5
5.4
2.1
13.3
100.0
9,000
13,000
4.0
12.7
10.9
9.9
9.0
7.7
45.9
100.0
25,000
25,500
8.1
39.6
29.6
8.9
4.3
2.0
7.6
100.0
10,000
10,000
3.3
18.2
51.8
17.1
6.2
1.4
2.0
100.0
12,000
12,000
0.6
3.8
2.6
5.4
6.3
8.1
73.2
100.0
40,000
40,000
2.1
30.1
34.7
18.2
15.0
100.0
12,500
12,500
0.1
4.3
1.6
7.4
7.4
5.3
73.9
100.0
45,000
45,000
3.5
10.7
12.8
8.2
3.3
10.1
51.3
100.0
30,000
30,000
Other Asian
6.5
19.2
20.1
9.7
6.4
4.9
33.2
100.0
16,000
18,000
1.3
4.5
6.7
5.7
6.1
3.6
72.0
100.0
59,000
59,000
6.2
28.1
23.4
14.1
6.0
3.8
18.4
100.0
12,000
12,000
3.5
8.4
0.6
13.4
15.1
1.2
57.8
100.0
40,000
40,000
Other mixed
6.1
26.8
21.9
14.0
6.6
3.6
21.1
100.0
12,800
12,800
0.3
8.2
20.3
3.5
11.3
16.3
40.1
100.0
25,000
25,000
4.5
14.2
15.2
8.5
6.4
4.4
46.9
100.0
25,000
27,000
2.5
12.9
15.7
8.9
6.6
4.6
48.8
100.0
3.7
25.7
25.1
13.5
9.2
4.5
18.3
100.0
13,000
13,000
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Overall
(2)
Others(2)
Overall

domestic helpers
2011
86

6.5
Labour Force
(1)
2011
main employment(1), 2011 (cont'd.)
Sex
<4,000
Ethnicity
4,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000

9,999 14,999 19,999 24,999 29,999
Overall
Median monthly
income from main
employment
(HK$)
Median monthly
income from main
employment (HK$)
(excluding foreign
domestic helpers)
Female
93.6
6.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
100.0
3,580
7,000
81.7
16.4
0.8
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.3
100.0
3,580
9,000
34.8
21.8
10.3
6.7
7.1
3.5
15.7
100.0
7,330
15,000
15.3
31.0
21.5
6.9
7.1
6.9
11.3
100.0
10,000
10,000
11.6
71.1
12.7
2.5
0.6
0.1
1.6
100.0
8,000
8,000
2.8
10.1
6.6
19.5
14.0
11.1
35.9
100.0
21,000
21,000
39.8
44.1
8.5
1.7
0.4
1.2
4.4
100.0
5,000
7,800
4.1
11.6
14.2
11.2
19.0
6.7
33.3
100.0
20,000
20,000
20.8
35.0
10.6
6.8
3.3
2.7
20.8
100.0
8,000
13,000
Other Asian
83.2
13.1
1.2
0.7
0.5
0.3
1.2
100.0
3,580
9,400
3.5
15.0
9.6
9.0
6.7
4.6
51.6
100.0
30,000
30,000
5.8
37.7
21.0
10.3
10.0
1.6
13.6
100.0
10,100
10,800
61.4
10.3
2.4
5.4
1.3
2.0
17.2
100.0
3,600
29,790
Other mixed
13.8
33.8
18.3
9.6
8.7
1.6
14.1
100.0
10,000
11,000
5.7
11.5
14.9
12.6
3.4
25.3
26.4
100.0
25,000
25,000
79.3
13.5
1.8
1.1
0.8
0.4
3.0
100.0
3,580
12,000
6.9
34.2
14.3
9.2
6.8
3.7
24.9
100.0
19.4
31.4
17.4
9.7
6.9
3.5
11.9
100.0
9,500
10,900
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Overall
(2)
Others(2)
Overall

domestic helpers
2011
87

6.5
Labour Force
(1)
2011
main employment(1), 2011 (cont'd.)
Sex
<4,000
Ethnicity
4,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000

9,999 14,999 19,999 24,999 29,999
Overall
Median monthly
income from main
employment
(HK$)
Median monthly
income from main
employment (HK$)
(excluding foreign
domestic helpers)
Both sexes
93.3
6.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
100.0
3,580
8,000
79.1
17.3
1.5
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.9
100.0
3,580
10,000
15.2
16.0
10.7
8.7
8.3
6.2
34.9
100.0
19,000
22,500
8.8
38.7
28.8
8.7
4.5
2.5
7.9
100.0
10,000
10,000
6.7
39.8
35.8
11.1
3.9
0.9
1.8
100.0
10,000
10,000
1.2
5.6
3.7
9.4
8.4
9.0
62.8
100.0
36,000
36,000
35.8
42.6
11.3
3.4
0.3
1.0
5.5
100.0
6,000
8,500
1.8
7.4
7.0
9.1
12.4
5.9
56.3
100.0
30,000
30,000
13.5
24.8
11.5
7.4
3.3
5.8
33.6
100.0
15,000
20,000
Other Asian
74.8
13.7
3.2
1.7
1.1
0.8
4.7
100.0
3,580
14,000
1.9
7.4
7.5
6.6
6.3
3.9
66.4
100.0
46,000
46,000
6.0
32.8
22.2
12.2
7.9
2.7
16.1
100.0
11,500
11,770
43.3
9.7
1.8
7.9
5.6
1.7
29.9
100.0
6,000
30,000
Other mixed
10.0
30.4
20.0
11.8
7.7
2.6
17.5
100.0
11,500
12,000
1.1
8.6
19.6
4.7
10.3
17.5
38.3
100.0
25,000
25,000
65.9
13.6
4.2
2.4
1.8
1.2
10.9
100.0
3,600
20,000
4.1
20.7
15.2
9.0
6.7
4.2
40.1
100.0
11.3
28.4
21.4
11.6
8.1
4.0
15.2
100.0
11,000
12,000
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Overall
(2)
Others(2)
Overall

domestic helpers
(1)
(2)
2011
Notes : (1) Exclude unpaid family workers.

88

Labour Force
2011 (2)
6.2
(1)
Chart 6.2 Median monthly income from main employment(1) of working ethnic minorities and
whole working population by sex and occupation(2), 2011
(2)
Occupation(2)
2011
Managers and administrators
Professionals
Male
Female
Associate professionals
Clerical support workers
Service and sales workers

workers
Craft and related workers
Plant and machine operators

and assemblers
Elementary occupations
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

main employment (HK$'000)

(1)
(2)
2011
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
00
80
Notes : (1) The figures exclude unpaid family workers.

(2) Excluding skilled agriculture and fishery workers, and occupations not
classifiable.
89

Labour Force
2011 (2)
(1)
6.3
Chart 6.3 Median monthly income from main employment(1) of working ethnic minorities and
whole working population by sex and industry(2), 2011
(2)
Industry(2)
2011
Manufacturing
Construction
Male
Female
Import/export, wholesale and retail trades
Transportation, storage, postal and courier

services
Accommodation and food services
Information and communications
Financing and insurance
Real estate, professional and business services
Public administration, education, human health

and social work activities
(3)
Miscellaneous social and personal services(3)

100
80
60
40
20
20
40
60
80
100


(1)
(2)
(3)
2011
Notes : (1) The figures exclude unpaid family workers.

(2) Excluding such industries as Agriculture, forestry and fishing, Mining
and quarrying, Electricity and gas supply, Water supply; sewerage,
waste management and remediation activities and industrial activities
inadequately described or unclassifiable.
(3) Covering foreign domestic helpers working in domestic households.
90

Labour Force
6.21
8 6 621
2 4 .8 %

4 9 .3 % 2 7 .4 %
23.3%
3 1 .3 % 3 5 .4 %
3 3 .3 % 6.6
6.22
18

2 7 .3 % 1 4 .4 %
1 2 .2 % 6.6
6.23
4 5 .2 % 3 8 .8 %
5 8 .5 %
3 0 .6 %
2 5 .4 % 2 1 .2 %
2 0 .0 % 1 9 .8 %
8 .3 % 7 .4 %
1 0 .9 %
8 . 2 % 7 .9 %
7 .9 % 6.6
2011
Place of work
6.21
A total of 86 621 (24.8%) of the working
ethnic minorities had fixed place of work in Hong Kong
(excluding those working at home). Some 49.3% of them
worked on Hong Kong Island, while 27.4% in Kowloon
and 23.3% in the New Territories. The distribution of
the place of work for the whole population was different
from that of ethnic minorities, with 31.3% on Hong
Kong Island, 35.4% in Kowloon and 33.3% in the New
Territories. (Table 6.6)
6.22
proportion of ethnic minorities working in Central and
Western was the largest at 27.3%, followed by Yau Tsim
Mong (14.4%) and Wan Chai (12.2%). (Table 6.6)
6.23
Analysed by ethnic group, the proportions
of Asians (other than Chinese) (45.2%) and Mixed
(38.8%) working on Hong Kong Island were relatively
lower than Whites (58.5%). There were also some
interesting features in the place of work of some ethnic
groups. For instance, the fixed places of work of the
Indians were mostly found in Central and Western
(30.6%) and Yau Tsim Mong (25.4%). The proportions
of the working Pakistanis (21.2%), Japanese (20.0%) and
Nepalese (19.8%) with their fixed place of work in Yau
Tsim Mong were also high. Besides, there were certain
proportions of Pakistanis with their fixed place of work
in Yuen Long (8.3%) and Kwai Tsing (7.4%).
Relatively larger proportions with their fixed place of
work in Islands were found among Filipinos (10.9%),
Thais (8.2%), Koreans (7.9%) and Whites (7.9%).
(Table 6.6)
91

6.6
Labour Force
2011
Table 6.6 Proportion of working ethnic minorities with fixed place of work (excluding persons
working at home) in Hong Kong by ethnicity and place of work, 2011
Working population with fixed place of work (excluding persons working at home) in Hong Kong (%)
Place of work (District Council district)
Ethnicity
Central
and
Western
Wan
Chai
Eastern
Southern
Yau
Tsim
Mong
Sham
Shui
Po
Kowloon
City
Wong
Tai
Sin
Kwun
Tong
12.0
10.8
8.0
2.3
10.1
2.4
8.0
2.0
4.9
26.3
15.4
7.4
5.3
14.5
2.1
3.1
0.6
2.3
30.6
9.1
4.6
2.3
25.4
2.0
7.9
0.2
4.2
16.0
5.6
3.5
2.4
21.2
3.7
3.5
2.3
6.8
26.8
12.7
1.9
4.9
19.8
2.0
2.8
0.2
2.0
24.9
12.6
6.1
1.2
20.0
3.9
1.3
0.4
9.3
13.2
12.3
6.9
3.3
12.4
3.8
5.2
1.9
5.4
27.4
11.7
11.3
1.4
13.8
4.3
3.8
4.8
27.5
13.2
8.3
1.7
10.4
6.2
4.4
1.7
4.2
25.1
11.6
5.5
3.1
18.7
2.9
4.4
0.7
4.5
33.5
13.4
8.4
3.2
8.5
2.7
3.0
0.5
5.2
14.0
12.1
7.3
3.4
10.6
5.0
5.6
2.6
9.8
48.2
4.3
14.6
10.5
0.7
16.3
11.6
7.8
3.2
10.6
4.7
5.2
2.4
9.2
41.4
6.4
8.8
5.0
9.7
6.2
5.4
2.1
1.9
27.3
12.2
6.7
3.1
14.4
3.0
4.0
0.8
5.2
11.9
8.9
7.8
2.7
12.5
5.8
4.7
2.4
10.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(1)
Others(1)
Overall
Whole population
2011
92

6.6
Labour Force
2011
Table 6.6 Proportion of working ethnic minorities with fixed place of work (excluding persons
working at home) in Hong Kong by ethnicity and place of work, 2011 (cont'd.)
Working population with fixed place of work (excluding persons working at home) in Hong Kong (%)
Place of work (District Council district)
Ethnicity
Kwai
Tsing
Tsuen
Wan
Tuen
Mun
Yuen
Long
North
Tai
Po
Sha
Tin
Sai
Kung
Islands
Overall
2.7
4.4
6.2
7.6
0.6
0.6
8.1
3.8
5.4
100.0
2.0
1.5
1.6
0.9
0.2
0.9
1.7
3.3
10.9
100.0
1.1
0.5
1.9
0.4
0.3
0.3
3.1
1.0
5.0
100.0
7.4
3.9
5.6
8.3
0.9
0.7
2.0
1.6
4.9
100.0
1.9
3.2
2.5
6.7
1.0
1.6
1.0
2.1
6.8
100.0
4.8
3.6
1.6
0.7
0.0
0.9
3.3
0.0
5.2
100.0
2.8
4.9
7.3
2.7
1.9
1.3
4.0
2.5
8.2
100.0
4.9
2.1
0.2
1.0
2.5
2.9
0.0
7.9
100.0
4.4
0.7
3.0
1.8
0.1
1.2
3.4
2.1
5.6
100.0
2.9
2.4
2.7
2.8
0.6
1.0
2.7
1.7
6.7
100.0
2.7
1.9
1.6
1.4
0.7
0.5
3.5
1.6
7.9
100.0
7.9
4.4
2.9
2.5
1.7
0.9
4.8
1.4
3.2
100.0
1.8
19.9
100.0
7.4
4.1
2.7
2.3
1.6
0.8
4.6
1.3
4.4
100.0
0.2
0.5
1.8
3.5
7.2
100.0
3.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
0.7
0.8
3.1
1.6
6.9
100.0
6.5
4.2
3.7
3.5
2.2
2.0
5.9
2.3
3.0
100.0
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Overall
White
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Overall
(1)
Others(1)
Overall
Whole population
(1)
2011
93

Labour Force
2 0 11 9 7 503 2 1 .6 %
6.24
2 .9 %/ 4 5 303
4 6 .5 % 21 210 2 1 .8 %
8 840 9 .1 % 22 150
2 2 .7 %
6.7
6.25
6 5 .7 % 5 3 .4 %
5 4 .9 % 3 8 .8 %
6.7
2011
Ethnic minorities in the economically

inactive population
6.24
In 2011, 97 503 (21.6%) ethnic minorities
were economically inactive, constituting 2.9% of the
whole economically inactive population.
They
included 45 303 (46.5%) students, 21 210 (21.8%)
home-makers, 8 840 (9.1%) retired persons and 22 150
(22.7%) who were other economically inactive persons.
(Table 6.7)
6.25
When analysed by ethnic group, there were a
relatively higher proportion of economically inactive
persons in the ethnic groups of Mixed (65.7%) and
Nepalese (53.4%) who were students. On the other
hand, the proportions of home-makers among
economically inactive persons of Thais (54.9%) and
Japanese (38.8%) were at a relatively high level.
(Table 6.7)
94

6.7
Labour Force
2001 2006 2011
Table 6.7 Economically inactive ethnic minorities by ethnicity and economic activity status, 2001,
2006 and 2011

Year Ethnicity
Home-makers
Students
Retried persons
Others
Total
(1)
2001
Filipino
Indonesian
Indian
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Pakistani
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
2 508
(40.3)
2 357
(71.4)
2 961
(33.9)
1 371
(40.3)
3 026
(44.3)
3 381
(79.1)
1 826
(29.0)
1 269
(39.7)
1 460
(39.0)
20 159
(43.8)
4 357
(23.9)
2 085
(33.5)
181
(5.5)
3 379
(38.7)
628
(18.4)
2 697
(39.5)
184
(4.3)
2 269
(36.0)
1 513
(47.4)
818
(21.8)
13 754
(29.9)
8 965
(49.1)
242
(3.9)
415
(12.6)
675
(7.7)
94
(2.8)
72
(1.1)
146
(3.4)
359
(5.7)
48
(1.5)
258
(6.9)
2 309
(5.0)
891
(4.9)
1 392
(22.4)
350
(10.6)
1 723
(19.7)
1 311
(38.5)
1 033
(15.1)
564
(13.2)
1 853
(29.4)
365
(11.4)
1 212
(32.3)
9 803
(21.3)
4 049
(22.2)
6 227
(100.0)
3 303
(100.0)
8 738
(100.0)
3 404
(100.0)
6 828
(100.0)
4 275
(100.0)
6 307
(100.0)
3 195
(100.0)
3 748
(100.0)
46 025
(100.0)
18 262
(100.0)
529
(4.3)
137
(5.8)
666
(4.5)
213
(28.4)
25 395
(31.8)
8 952
(72.5)
1 357
(57.0)
10 309
(70.0)
304
(40.6)
33 332
(41.8)
328
(2.7)
24
(1.0)
352
(2.4)
30
(4.0)
3 582
(4.5)
2 541
(20.6)
862
(36.2)
3 403
(23.1)
202
(27.0)
17 457
(21.9)
12 350
(100.0)
2 380
(100.0)
14 730
(100.0)
749
(100.0)
79 766
(100.0)
726 582
(22.2)
1 411 625
(43.2)
737 310
(22.5)
394 880
(12.1)
3 270 397
(100.0)
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other Mixed
Sub-total
(2)
Others(2)
Total
Whole economically inactive population
2011
95

6.7
Labour Force
2001 2006 2011
2006 and 2011 (cont'd.)

Year Ethnicity
Home-makers
Students
Retried persons
Others
Total
(1)
2006
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
1 500
(55.4)
2 544
(38.5)
3 037
(31.6)
1 738
(24.2)
1 678
(27.0)
2 472
(38.7)
2 647
(63.7)
1 039
(40.2)
1 603
(42.1)
18 258
(37.1)
2 660
(19.9)
227
(8.4)
2 492
(37.7)
3 775
(39.3)
3 463
(48.2)
2 631
(42.3)
2 666
(41.8)
395
(9.5)
1 158
(44.8)
845
(22.2)
17 652
(35.8)
5 666
(42.5)
584
(21.6)
438
(6.6)
1 225
(12.7)
474
(6.6)
370
(5.9)
240
(3.8)
545
(13.1)
106
(4.1)
523
(13.7)
4 505
(9.1)
1 578
(11.8)
395
(14.6)
1 129
(17.1)
1 571
(16.4)
1 507
(21.0)
1 546
(24.8)
1 006
(15.8)
566
(13.6)
280
(10.8)
841
(22.1)
8 841
(17.9)
3 434
(25.7)
2 706
(100.0)
6 603
(100.0)
9 608
(100.0)
7 182
(100.0)
6 225
(100.0)
6 384
(100.0)
4 153
(100.0)
2 583
(100.0)
3 812
(100.0)
49 256
(100.0)
13 338
(100.0)
1 510
(14.3)
79
(3.2)
1 589
(12.2)
259
(30.0)
22 766
(29.8)
6 486
(61.5)
1 624
(66.0)
8 110
(62.3)
261
(30.3)
31 689
(41.4)
917
(8.7)
30
(1.2)
947
(7.3)
112
(13.0)
7 142
(9.3)
1 641
(15.5)
728
(29.6)
2 369
(18.2)
230
(26.7)
14 874
(19.5)
10 554
(100.0)
2 461
(100.0)
13 015
(100.0)
862
(100.0)
76 471
(100.0)
654 130
(19.9)
1 273 408
(38.7)
950 514
(28.9)
413 910
(12.6)
3 291 962
(100.0)
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Sub-total
(2)
Others(2)
Total
2011
96

6.7
Labour Force
2001 2006 2011
2006 and 2011 (cont'd.)

Year Ethnicity
Home-makers
Students
Retried persons
Others
Total
(1)
2011
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
512
(30.5)
1 635
(23.4)
3 439
(25.7)
2 910
(22.3)
1 283
(19.1)
2 099
(38.8)
2 560
(54.9)
916
(35.0)
1 024
(31.5)
16 378
(28.4)
3 628
(17.2)
173
(10.3)
3 262
(46.7)
5 982
(44.6)
6 746
(51.7)
3 582
(53.4)
2 075
(38.3)
488
(10.5)
970
(37.1)
1 069
(32.8)
24 347
(42.2)
8 837
(41.9)
319
(19.0)
535
(7.7)
1 408
(10.5)
524
(4.0)
267
(4.0)
358
(6.6)
572
(12.3)
217
(8.3)
304
(9.3)
4 504
(7.8)
2 774
(13.2)
673
(40.1)
1 551
(22.2)
2 574
(19.2)
2 856
(21.9)
1 580
(23.5)
884
(16.3)
1 041
(22.3)
511
(19.5)
858
(26.4)
12 528
(21.7)
5 836
(27.7)
1 677
(100.0)
6 983
(100.0)
13 403
(100.0)
13 036
(100.0)
6 712
(100.0)
5 416
(100.0)
4 661
(100.0)
2 614
(100.0)
3 255
(100.0)
57 757
(100.0)
21 075
(100.0)
983
(6.6)
119
(3.7)
1 102
(6.1)
102
(16.0)
21 210
(21.8)
9 604
(64.9)
2 236
(68.9)
11 840
(65.7)
279
(43.7)
45 303
(46.5)
1 520
(10.3)
36
(1.1)
1 556
(8.6)
6
(0.9)
8 840
(9.1)
2 682
(18.1)
852
(26.3)
3 534
(19.6)
252
(39.4)
22 150
(22.7)
14 789
(100.0)
3 243
(100.0)
18 032
(100.0)
639
(100.0)
97 503
(100.0)
558 329
(16.7)
1 164 038
(34.8)
1 046 448
(31.3)
575 354
(17.2)
3 344 169
(100.0)
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Sub-total
(2)
Others(2)
Total
(1)
(2)
2011
97

7.
7. Living Arrangements and

Household Characteristics
Number of ethnic minorities in domestic

households
7.1
2 0 11 4 4 7 134
99.1%
3 1 0 406
1 3 .1 % 8 6 968

2 0 11
7 3 .8%
2 6 .2%
7.1
7.2
8 6 968
7 7 .6%

5 2 .5%
1 4 .3%
4 .2% 4 .0%
7.1 7.1
7.3
2 0 0 1 1 0 .5 % 2 0 11 1 4 .3%
2 .7 %
11 .1%

2 6 .7 % 2 3 .0%
Type of housing and tenure of

accommodation
7.2
Among the 86 968 domestic households with
helpers, the proportion of them living in private
permanent housing was 77.6%, which was much higher
than that of 52.5% for all domestic households in the
whole territory. The remaining domestic households
with ethnic minorities other than live-in foreign domestic
helpers lived in public rental housing (14.3%),
subsidized home ownership housing (4.2%) and other
types of housing (4.0%). (Table 7.1 and Chart 7.1)
7.3
The proportion of domestic households with
helpers living in public rental housing rose from 10.5%
in 2001 to 14.3% in 2011.
The corresponding
proportion for households with all members being ethnic
minorities increased sharply from 2.7% to 11.1% over
the same period. On the contrary, the corresponding
proportion for households with ethnic minorities and
other members of Chinese ethnicity decreased from
26.7% to 23.0%. (Table 7.1)
99
2011
7.1
7.1
In 2011, a total of 447 134 ethnic minorities
(or 99.1% of all ethnic minorities) lived in domestic
households. There were 310 406 domestic households
with one or more ethnic minorities, constituting 13.1%
of the domestic households in Hong Kong. Among
these households, there were 86 968 domestic
foreign domestic helpers. Of all domestic households
with ethnic minorities other than live-in foreign domestic
helpers in 2011, 73.8% had members all being ethnic
minorities and the remaining 26.2% had both members
being ethnic minorities and members of Chinese
ethnicity. (Table 7.1)

7.4
2 0 11
2 5 .4% 1 3 .6%
11 .8%
5 2 .1% 2 0 .8%
3 1 .3%
6 6 .4%
4 4 .4%
5 .5%
1 .6 % 7.1
2011
Living Arrangements and Household Characteristics
7.4
There were substantial differences in the
distribution of tenure of accommodation between
live-in foreign domestic helpers and all domestic
households in the whole territory. Among the domestic
foreign domestic helpers in 2011, the proportion of them
owning their residential quarters was 25.4% (including
13.6% with mortgage payment or loan repayment and
11.8% without), which was remarkably lower than that
for all the domestic households at 52.1% (including
20.8% with mortgage payment or loan repayment and
31.3% without). Besides, the proportion of households
with ethnic minorities renting their quarters was 66.4%,
which was significantly higher than that for all domestic
households at 44.4%. On the other hand, as some
ethnic minorities were designated to work in Hong Kong
from overseas, a relatively higher proportion (5.5%) of
quarters was therefore reported as provided by
employers for households with ethnic minorities as
compared with that for all domestic households at 1.6%.
(Chart 7.1)
100

7.1
2001 2006 2011
Table 7.1 Domestic households with ethnic minorities other than live-in foreign domestic helpers
by composition of members and type of housing, 2001, 2006 and 2011
Type of housing
Year
Composition of members
Public Subsidized
rental
sale
housing
flats
Private
permanent
housing
Others
Total
Average
domestic
household
size
(1)
2001
Domestic households with ethnic minorities other than live-in

foreign domestic helpers
With ethnic minorities and other members of Chinese ethnicity
Sub-total
Domestic households in the whole territory

2006
1 357
(2.7)
245
(0.5)
46 975
(92.5)
2 218
(4.4)
50 795
(100.0)
2.6
6 614
(26.7)
2 270
(9.2)
15 452
(62.3)
458
(1.8)
24 794
(100.0)
3.6
7 971
(10.5)
2 515
(3.3)
62 427
(82.6)
2 676
(3.5)
75 589
(100.0)
2.9
628 167
(30.6)
319 473
(15.6)
1 071 453
(52.2)
34 319
(1.7)
2 053 412
(100.0)
3.1
3 961
(8.5)
670
(1.4)
40 705
(87.1)
1 382
(3.0)
46 718
(100.0)
2.6
7 225
(26.5)
2 587
(9.5)
17 144
(62.9)
310
(1.1)
27 266
(100.0)
3.4
11 186
(15.1)
3 257
(4.4)
57 849
(78.2)
1 692
(2.3)
73 984
(100.0)
2.9
690 788
(31.0)
362 439
(16.3)
1 149 952
(51.6)
23 367
(1.0)
2 226 546
(100.0)
3.0
7 145
(11.1)
1 398
(2.2)
52 543
(81.9)
3 072
(4.8)
64 158
(100.0)
2.7
5 252
(23.0)
2 283
(10.0)
14 910
(65.4)
365
(1.6)
22 810
(100.0)
3.3
12 397
(14.3)
3 681
(4.2)
67 453
(77.6)
3 437
(4.0)
86 968
(100.0)
2.9
720 892
(30.4)
377 615
(15.9)
1 242 982
(52.5)
27 307
(1.2)
2 368 796
(100.0)
2.9

Sub-total

2011

Sub-total

(1)
2011
Note :
101

7.1
2011
Chart 7.1 Percentage distribution of domestic households with ethnic minorities other than live-in
foreign domestic helpers and domestic households in the whole territory by tenure of
accommodation, 2011
Domestic households
(1)(2)
(1)(2)
with ethnic minorities other than live-in foreign domestic helpers

Co-tenant (1.3%)
Sub-tenant (0.1%)
Sole tenant
(65.0%)
Others
(9.6%)
Owner occupier without mortgage

payment and loan
repayment
(11.8%)
Owner occupier with mortgage

payment or loan
repayment
(13.6%)
Provided by employer
(5.5%)
Rent free (2.7%)
(1)(2)
Domestic households(1)(2) in the whole territory

Co-tenant (0.4%)
Sole tenant
(43.9%)
Sub-tenant (0.1%)
Provided by employer
(1.6%)
Others
(4.0%)
Owner occupier without mortgage

payment and loan
repayment
(31.3%)
(1)
(2) 0.05
2011
Rent free (2.0%)
Owner occupier with mortgage payment

or loan repayment
(20.8%)
Notes : (1) The figures exclude domestic households living on board vessels.
(2) Percentage of main tenant is less than 0.05%.
102

7.5
Living arrangements
4 8 .9 %
1 .5%
4 7 .4% 3 3 .3%
1 0 .5% 7 .4%
5 .9%
3 3 .3%
3 4 .3% 7.2
7.6
63.8%
40%
15
2 2 .4 %
7.2
2011
7.5
About half (48.9%) of ethnic minorities other
than live-in foreign domestic helpers lived with spouse
and/or child(ren) (including 1.5% with parents(s) and
47.4% not with parent(s)), 33.3% lived with their
parent(s) only, 10.5% lived on their own and 7.4% lived
with other persons. A higher proportion of ethnic
minorities lived on their own than the whole population
(5.9%) while the proportion (33.3%) of ethnic minorities
living with their parent(s) only was broadly comparable
with that for the whole population (34.3%). (Table 7.2)
7.6
Over 40% of all ethnic groups except for
Mixed lived with their spouse and/or child(ren). The
situation for Mixed was quite different from other ethnic
groups that 63.8% of them lived with their parent(s)
only. This could be explained by the younger ages of
Mixed living in Hong Kong and that only around 40% of
Mixed aged 15 and over were now married. Apart
from Mixed, it is also noted that a relatively larger
proportion (22.4%) of Japanese lived alone in Hong
Kong as compared with other ethnic groups. This may
due to the fact that a certain proportion of the Japanese
came to work in Hong Kong alone, leaving behind their
spouse and children in their home country. (Table 7.2)
103

7.2
2011
Table 7.2 Ethnic minorities other than live-in foreign domestic helpers living in domestic
households by ethnicity and living arrangements, 2011
Living arrangements
Ethnicity
(1)
Living alone
Living with
parent(s) only
Living with spouse and/or child(ren)
And with
parent(s)
And not with

parent(s)
Others(1)
Total
Sub-total
(2)
Indonesian
Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
692
(16.9)
1 551
(9.6)
1 557
(6.0)
565
(3.2)
540
(3.3)
2 701
(22.4)
810
(9.6)
814
(16.1)
794
(13.3)
10 024
(9.0)
8 372
(15.5)
428
(10.4)
4 204
(26.1)
8 655
(33.6)
8 830
(49.4)
5 788
(35.8)
2 466
(20.5)
770
(9.1)
1 154
(22.8)
1 302
(21.7)
33 597
(30.1)
13 074
(24.2)
(-)
343
(2.1)
825
(3.2)
430
(2.4)
487
(3.0)
(-)
61
(0.7)
17
(0.3)
13
(0.2)
2 176
(2.0)
289
(0.5)
1 772
(43.3)
7 675
(47.7)
13 729
(53.2)
7 037
(39.4)
8 251
(51.1)
6 368
(52.9)
6 506
(77.1)
2 756
(54.4)
3 529
(58.9)
57 623
(51.7)
27 253
(50.5)
1 772
(43.3)
8 018
(49.8)
14 554
(56.4)
7 467
(41.8)
8 738
(54.1)
6 368
(52.9)
6 567
(77.8)
2 773
(54.7)
3 542
(59.2)
59 799
(53.6)
27 542
(51.1)
1 204
(29.4)
2 326
(14.4)
1 026
(4.0)
1 011
(5.7)
1 082
(6.7)
502
(4.2)
295
(3.5)
325
(6.4)
350
(5.8)
8 121
(7.3)
4 951
(9.2)
4 096
(100.0)
16 099
(100.0)
25 792
(100.0)
17 873
(100.0)
16 148
(100.0)
12 037
(100.0)
8 442
(100.0)
5 066
(100.0)
5 988
(100.0)
111 541
(100.0)
53 939
(100.0)
1 611
(6.6)
171
(4.5)
1 782
(6.3)
306
(23.4)
15 010
(61.9)
2 902
(76.0)
17 912
(63.8)
238
(18.2)
411
(1.7)
3
(0.1)
414
(1.5)
(-)
6 299
(26.0)
496
(13.0)
6 795
(24.2)
643
(49.2)
6 710
(27.7)
499
(13.1)
7 209
(25.7)
643
(49.2)
920
(3.8)
244
(6.4)
1 164
(4.1)
120
(9.2)
24 251
(100.0)
3 816
(100.0)
28 067
(100.0)
1 307
(100.0)
20 484
(10.5)
64 821
(33.3)
2 879
(1.5)
92 314
(47.4)
95 193
(48.9)
14 356
(7.4)
194 854
(100.0)
404 088
2 362 189
181 612
3 442 703
3 624 315
501 067
6 891 659
(5.9)
(34.3)
(2.6)
(50.0)
(52.6)
(7.3)
(100.0)
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Sub-total
(3)
Others(3)
Total
Whole population in
domestic households
(1)
(2)
(3)
2011
Notes : (1) The figures include living with person(s) other than parent(s), spouse and
child(ren).
(3) The figures include Black and Latin American, etc.
104

7.7
Household composition
69.3%
7.7
Similar to the whole population, the majority
(69.3%) of ethnic minorities (other than live-in foreign
domestic helpers) lived in nuclear family households.
Notwithstanding that the proportions of ethnic minorities
living in one-person households and households
comprising unrelated persons only were just 10.5% and
4.7% respectively, they were higher than those for the
whole population at 5.9% and 1.5% respectively.
(Table 7.3)
1 0 .5 %
4 .7 % 5 .9 % 1 .5 %
7 .8
7.3
7.8
The household compositions for different
ethnic groups were similar, except that some ethnic
groups bore certain interesting features. For instance,
the proportion of Nepalese living in households
composed of other relationship combinations (29.8%)
was relatively higher as compared with other ethnic
groups and the whole population.
Besides, the
proportion of Indonesians (9.7%), Whites (8.3%) and
Filipinos (7.7%) living with unrelated persons were
higher than the other ethnic groups and the whole
population. (Table 7.3)

2 9 .8 %
9 . 7 % 8 .3 %
7 .7 %
7 .3
7.9
Household income
2 0 11
7.9
The median monthly household income of
live-in foreign domestic helpers was $35,000 in 2011,
which was 70.7% higher than the $20,500 for all
domestic households in the whole territory. Analysed
by detailed composition of member, the median monthly
household income of domestic households with ethnic
minorities other than live-in foreign domestic helpers
and other members of Chinese ethnicity was $30,000,
which was lower than that of the households with all
members being ethnic minorities ($37,500). (Table 7.4)
3 5 ,000 2 0 ,500
7 0 .7 %
3 0 ,000
3 7 ,500 7.4
7.10
10
7.10
Over the past 10 years, the increase in median
monthly household income of domestic households with
helpers (12.0%) was larger than that of all domestic
households in the whole territory (9.6%). (Table 7.4)
1 2 .0 %
9 .6 % 7.4
2011
105

7.3
2011
households by ethnicity and household composition, 2011
Ethnicity
Asian (Other than Chinese)
Household Composition
Indonesian Filipino
Indian
Pakistani
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other
Asian
Sub-total
(1)
Nuclear family households
Composed of couple
Composed of couple and

unmarried children
Composed of lone parent and

unmarried children
Sub-total
621
(15.2)
1 772
(11.0)
2 801
(10.9)
474
(2.7)
1 334
(8.3)
2 809
(23.3)
1 728
(20.5)
970
(19.1)
1 141
(19.1)
13 650
(12.2)
1 088
(26.6)
7 228
(44.9)
13 752
(53.3)
11 088
(62.0)
7 463
(46.2)
5 318
(44.2)
3 615
(42.8)
2 676
(52.8)
2 575
(43.0)
54 803
(49.1)
443
(10.8)
1 249
(7.8)
1 245
(4.8)
982
(5.5)
950
(5.9)
644
(5.4)
548
(6.5)
153
(3.0)
542
(9.1)
6 756
(6.1)
2 152
(52.6)
10 249
(63.7)
17 798
(69.0)
12 544
(70.2)
9 747
(60.4)
8 771
(72.9)
5 891
(69.8)
3 799
(74.9)
4 258
(71.2)
75 209
(67.4)
30
(0.7)
164
(1.0)
512
(2.0)
99
(0.6)
146
(0.9)
28
(0.2)
100
(1.2)
19
(0.4)
69
(1.2)
1 167
(1.0)
310
(7.6)
729
(4.5)
2 500
(9.7)
863
(4.8)
639
(4.0)
15
(0.1)
350
(4.1)
40
(0.8)
160
(2.7)
5 606
(5.0)
514
(12.5)
2 166
(13.5)
2 772
(10.7)
3 264
(18.3)
4 809
(29.8)
151
(1.3)
1 092
(12.9)
179
(3.5)
495
(8.3)
15 442
(13.8)
854
(20.8)
3 059
(19.0)
5 784
(22.4)
4 226
(23.7)
5 594
(34.7)
194
(1.6)
1 542
(18.2)
238
(4.7)
724
(12.2)
22 215
(19.8)
692
(16.9)
398
(9.7)
1 090
(26.6)
1 551
(9.6)
1 240
(7.7)
2 791
(17.3)
1 557
(6.0)
653
(2.5)
2 210
(8.5)
565
(3.2)
538
(3.0)
1 103
(6.2)
540
(3.3)
267
(1.7)
807
(5.0)
2 701
(22.4)
371
(3.1)
3 072
(25.5)
810
(9.6)
199
(2.4)
1 009
(12.0)
814
(16.1)
215
(4.2)
1 029
(20.3)
794
(13.3)
212
(3.5)
1 006
(16.8)
10 024
(9.0)
4 093
(3.7)
14 117
(12.7)
4 096
(100.0)
16 099
(100.0)
25 792
(100.0)
17 873
(100.0)
16 148
(100.0)
12 037
(100.0)
8 442
(100.0)
5 066
(100.0)
5 988
(100.0)
111 541
(100.0)
Relative households
Composed of couple and at least

one of their parents
Composed of couple, at least

one of their parents and their
unmarried children
Composed of other relationship

combinations
Sub-total
Other households
One-person households
Non-relative households
Sub-total
Total
2011
106

7.3
2011

households by ethnicity and household composition, 2011 (cont'd.)
Ethnicity
White
Household Composition
Mixed
With Chinese
parent
Other
mixed
Sub-total
(2)
Others(2)
Total
Whole
population
(1)
10 499
(19.5)
2 061
(8.5)
194
(5.1)
2 255
(8.0)
287
(22.0)
26 691
(13.7)
73 0686
(10.6)
24 172
(44.8)
12 824
(52.9)
2 460
(64.5)
15 284
(54.5)
413
(31.6)
94 672
(48.6)
3 546 622
(51.5)
3 097
(5.7)
3 103
(12.8)
510
(13.4)
3 613
(12.9)
173
(13.2)
13 639
(7.0)
72 5722
(10.5)
37 768
(70.0)
17 988
(74.2)
3 164
(83.0)
21 152
(75.4)
873
(66.8)
135 002
(69.3)
5 003 030
(72.6)
173
(0.3)
196
(0.8)
12
(0.3)
208
(0.7)
1 548
(0.8)
93 361
(1.4)
915
(1.7)
982
(4.0)
143
(3.7)
1 125
(4.0)
2
(0.2)
7 648
(3.9)
449 595
(6.5)
Composed of other
relationship
combinations
2 243
(4.2)
3 032
(12.5)
206
(5.4)
3 238
(11.5)
20
(1.5)
20 943
(10.7)
835 655
(12.1)
3 331
(6.2)
4 210
(17.3)
361
(9.4)
4 571
(16.2)
22
(1.7)
30 139
(15.4)
1 378 611
(20.0)
8 372
(15.5)
4 468
(8.3)
12 840
(23.8)
1 611
(6.6)
442
(1.8)
2 053
(8.4)
171
(4.5)
120
(3.1)
291
(7.6)
1 782
(6.3)
562
(2.0)
2 344
(8.3)
306
(23.4)
106
(8.1)
412
(31.5)
20 484
(10.5)
9 229
(4.7)
29 713
(15.2)
404 088
(5.9)
105 930
(1.5)
510 018
(7.4)
53 939
(100.0)
24 251
(100.0)
3 816
(100.0)
28 067
(100.0)
1 307
(100.0)
194 854
(100.0)
891 659
(100.0)
Composed of couple

unmarried children
Composed of lone parent

and unmarried children
Sub-total
Relative households

at least one of their
parents
Composed of couple, at
least one of their
parents and their
unmarried children
Sub-total
Other households
One-person households
Non-relative households
Sub-total
Total
(1)
(2)
2011
107

7.4
2001 2006 2011
Table 7.4 Median monthly domestic household income of domestic households with ethnic
minorities other than live-in foreign domestic helpers by composition of members and
type of housing, 2001, 2006 and 2011
Median monthly domestic household income (HK$)
Type of housing
Year
Composition of members
2001
Public
rental
housing
Subsidized
sale
flats
Private
permanent
housing
Others
Total
10,000
14,000
40,000
23,670
37,260
13,000
21,250
35,000
13,000
22,100
12,100
20,620
38,670
19,500
31,250
12,500
21,100
23,510
10,500
18,710
10,000
15,710
34,520
24,000
30,000
11,300
19,470
33,000
16,800
21,000
11,000
18,500
34,000
21,900
26,250
11,000
19,910
23,000
10,000
17,250
12,040
20,990
45,000
35,000
37,500
13,820
25,000
47,000
29,000
30,000
12,770
23,000
45,380
35,000
35,000
12,000
22,870
29,610
13,040
20,500
Domestic households with ethnic minorities other than

live-in foreign domestic helpers
Sub-total

2006

Sub-total

2011

Sub-total
2011
108

8.
8. Characteristics of the Districts
Geographical distribution
8.1
2 0 11 32.5%
27.1% 4 0 .4 %
18.0% 29.8% 5 2 .2 %
8.2
8.1
18
9.7%
9.2% 8.4%
8.3
8.1
40%

40%
4 9.4 %
4 8 .7 % 8.1
8.4
2 0 11
11 .5% 5 .8 %
4 .9 % 1 8
19.5%
2 .9% 8.1 8.1
8.2
proportion of ethnic minorities residing in Central and
Western among all ethnic minorities in Hong Kong was
the largest at 9.7%, followed by Eastern (9.2%) and
Yau Tsim Mong (8.4%). (Table 8.1)
8.3
Distribution of ethnic minorities between
different districts was quite distinct. About half of
Whites and Koreans and more than 40% of Japanese
resided on Hong Kong Island.
Nearly half of
Nepalese resided in Kowloon (mainly Yau Tsim Mong)
and the proportions of Indians, Japanese and Thais living
in Kowloon were close to 40%. In contrast, nearly half
of Pakistanis (49.4%) and Indonesians (48.7%) resided
in the New Terrorities. (Table 8.1)
8.4
In 2011, ethnic minorities constituted 11.5%
of the population on Hong Kong Island.
This
proportion was higher than that in Kowloon (5.8%) and
the New Territories (4.9%). Among the 18 District
Council districts, Wan Chai ranked first in terms of the
relative proportion of its population being ethnic
minorities (19.5%), while Wong Tai Sin ranked last with
only 2.9%. (Table 8.1 and Chart 8.1)
109
2011
8.1
In 2011, some 32.5% of ethnic minorities
resided on Hong Kong Island, while 27.1% and 40.4% in
Kowloon and the New Territories respectively. The
corresponding proportions of the whole land population
living on Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and New
Territories were 18.0%, 29.8% and 52.2% respectively.
(Table 8.1)

8.1
Characteristics of the Districts
2011
Table 8.1 Proportion of ethnic minorities by District Council district and ethnicity, 2011
Proportion of population (%)
Ethnicity
District Council district
Asian (Other than Chinese)

Indonesian Filipino
Hong Kong Island
Indian Pakistani Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Korean
Other
Asian
Overall
4.5
10.5
13.2
3.0
4.4
7.6
5.1
11.7
14.3
7.7
3.6
8.3
5.3
2.1
9.9
8.4
5.9
5.4
7.6
6.0
10.6
11.0
7.6
6.9
0.8
22.9
6.5
19.6
4.4
10.2
4.3
8.3
7.2
3.8
1.0
2.8
5.4
10.0
7.8
6.0
23.0
38.1
33.4
15.8
16.0
41.7
22.9
46.7
34.1
29.9
5.0
5.8
18.5
12.9
42.1
17.1
5.6
13.7
19.7
9.3
5.1
4.0
2.3
8.0
2.3
2.1
5.9
0.9
4.8
4.3
7.3
9.2
11.5
6.7
0.9
18.4
10.0
4.7
3.0
8.4
4.4
1.8
2.6
3.2
0.2
0.5
7.2
0.1
0.6
2.9
6.4
3.8
4.6
4.0
1.2
1.4
10.2
2.4
4.7
28.2
24.4
39.5
34.8
46.6
39.4
39.0
19.4
30.6
29.5
4.8
2.8
4.1
12.7
1.5
0.9
4.2
1.1
2.4
4.0
5.1
4.1
2.0
2.4
4.6
1.9
2.3
2.2
1.1
4.0
4.7
2.7
2.8
7.3
0.8
0.7
5.5
0.9
6.0
3.6
8.1
4.4
2.1
13.2
27.3
0.9
6.6
1.9
5.1
7.0
3.4
1.6
0.4
0.8
0.7
2.9
3.0
1.3
2.1
4.6
3.6
0.9
1.8
0.1
1.2
3.4
3.7
2.4
3.4
8.8
7.5
3.4
2.8
0.2
5.7
4.3
3.4
5.4
6.8
7.4
6.7
3.6
3.9
0.5
1.6
4.4
7.3
6.3
6.1
1.8
4.1
7.7
4.5
2.4
5.4
4.4
10.4
5.5
3.7
48.7
37.4
27.1
49.4
37.3
18.9
38.1
33.9
35.4
40.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Central and Western
Wan Chai
Eastern
Southern
Overall
Kowloon
Yau Tsim Mong
Sham Shui Po
Kowloon City
Wong Tai Sin
Kwun Tong
Overall
New Territories
Kwai Tsing
Tsuen Wan
Tuen Mun
Yuen Long
North
Tai Po
Sha Tin
Sai Kung
Islands
Overall
Land Overall
2011
110

8.1
2011
Table 8.1 Proportion of ethnic minorities by District Council district and ethnicity, 2011 (cont'd.)
Proportion of population (%)
Ethnicity
Hong Kong Island
(1)
White
Mixed and
others(1)
Overall
Whole
population
Proportion of ethnic
minorities among whole
population in the district
(%)
22.8
9.8
9.7
3.6
17.3
11.2
5.7
6.6
2.2
19.5
4.4
6.2
9.2
8.3
7.1
15.1
5.6
7.0
3.9
11.4
53.5
27.3
32.5
18.0
11.5
4.8
5.2
8.4
4.4
12.3
1.7
4.4
4.0
5.4
4.8
2.3
5.6
7.4
5.3
8.9
1.1
3.4
2.7
5.9
2.9
1.7
6.7
4.5
8.8
3.3
11.5
25.4
27.1
29.8
5.8
1.4
4.8
3.7
7.2
3.3
1.5
2.5
3.6
4.3
5.4
2.4
6.6
3.7
6.9
3.4
2.3
7.8
6.4
8.2
5.0
0.7
2.9
2.0
4.3
2.9
2.5
2.9
3.2
4.2
4.9
2.7
6.5
6.3
8.9
4.5
9.2
7.2
6.5
6.2
6.7
12.2
6.2
4.9
2.0
15.5
35.0
47.3
40.4
52.2
4.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.4
Central and Western
Wan Chai
Eastern
Southern
Overall
Kowloon
Yau Tsim Mong
Sham Shui Po
Kowloon City
Wong Tai Sin
Kwun Tong
Overall
New Territories
Kwai Tsing
Tsuen Wan
Tuen Mun
Yuen Long
North
Tai Po
Sha Tin
Sai Kung
Islands
Overall
Land Overall
(1)
2011
111

8.1
2011
Chart 8.1
Proportion of ethnic minorities by District Council district, 2011
Wan Chai
Central and Western
Islands
Yau Tsim Mong
Southern
Kowloon City
Eastern
Sai Kung
Tsuen Wan
Yuen Long
Tai Po
Sham Shui Po
Sha Tin
Tuen Mun
Kwai Tsing
Kwun Tong
North
Wong Tai Sin
All District Council districts

0
10
15
20
Proportion of ethnic minorities (%)
2011
112

8.5
5
7 6 462
2 0 11
5

5 17.6%
5 12.8%
a
b
8.2
8.6
2 .9 %
1 .8 %
8.3
8.7
82.4%
40.7% 5
29.4%
12.3%
Internal migration
8.5
The tendency of home moving of ethnic
minorities could be reflected by their place of residence
5 years ago. Altogether 76 462 ethnic minorities,
representing 17.6% of all ethnic minorities aged 5 and
over, had migrated internally in the past 5 years (i.e. they
lived in an area in Hong Kong 5 years ago (area of
original residence) that was different from the one in
which they were enumerated in the 2011 Population
census (area of current residence)). This proportion
was higher than the 12.8% of the whole population aged
5 and over. A change in the area of residence refers to a
move (a) from a District Council district to another
District Council district; or (b) within a District Council
district in the New Territories, from a new town to
another new town, or from a new town to other areas in
the district or vice versa. (Table 8.2)
8.6
The largest proportion of internal migration
was between one District Council district to another one
within Hong Kong Island, accounting for 2.9% of all the
ethnic minorities. Another 1.8% migrated between new
towns in the New Territories. (Table 8.3)
8.7
There were 82.4% of ethnic minorities not
having internally migrated, including 40.7% lived
outside Hong Kong 5 years ago, 29.4% remained in the
same address and 12.3% moved home within the same
area of residence. (Table 8.3)
8.3
2011
113

8.2
2011 5
(1)
Table 8.2 Ethnic minorities(1) aged 5 and over by ethnicity, whether internally migrated and area
of current residence, 2011
Internally migrated
Ethnicity
Area of current residence
Hong Kong
Island
Kowloon
New Towns
Other areas
in the New
Territories
Land total
Not
internally
migrated
Population
aged 5
and over
(2)
Filipino
Indonesian
Indian
Nepalese
Japanese
Thai
Pakistani
Korean
Other Asian
Sub-total
White
9 470
(7.2)
5 823
(4.4)
1 266
(4.8)
223
(1.5)
625
(5.3)
380
(3.4)
681
(4.3)
206
(4.2)
365
(5.4)
19 039
(5.3)
4 536
(8.9)
6 044
(4.6)
6 782
(5.1)
1 233
(4.6)
684
(4.5)
809
(6.8)
628
(5.7)
834
(5.3)
161
(3.3)
589
(8.7)
17 764
(5.0)
1 129
(2.2)
5 997
(4.5)
8 962
(6.7)
1 462
(5.5)
739
(4.8)
382
(3.2)
434
(3.9)
1 545
(9.8)
320
(6.5)
181
(2.7)
20 022
(5.6)
1 696
(3.3)
2 933
(2.2)
1 884
(1.4)
196
(0.7)
99
(0.6)
193
(1.6)
225
(2.0)
268
(1.7)
119
(2.4)
226
(3.4)
6 143
(1.7)
2 286
(4.5)
24 444
(18.5)
23 451
(17.6)
4 157
(15.7)
1 745
(11.4)
2 009
(16.9)
1 667
(15.0)
3 328
(21.1)
806
(16.4)
1 361
(20.2)
62 968
(17.6)
9 647
(19.0)
107 632
(81.5)
109 769
(82.4)
22 374
(84.3)
13 528
(88.6)
9 865
(83.1)
9 415
(85.0)
12 452
(78.9)
4 097
(83.6)
5 385
(79.8)
294 517
(82.4)
41 097
(81.0)
132 076
(100.0)
133 220
(100.0)
26 531
(100.0)
15 273
(100.0)
11 874
(100.0)
11 082
(100.0)
15 780
(100.0)
4 903
(100.0)
6 746
(100.0)
357 485
(100.0)
50 744
(100.0)
469
(2.2)
418
(12.3)
887
(3.5)
28
(2.2)
24 490
(5.6)
734
(3.4)
27
(0.8)
761
(3.0)
69
(5.3)
19 723
(4.5)
1 330
(6.1)
94
(2.8)
1 424
(5.7)
23
(1.8)
23 165
(5.3)
594
(2.7)
10
(0.3)
604
(2.4)
51
(3.9)
9 084
(2.1)
3 127
(14.4)
549
(16.2)
3 676
(14.6)
171
(13.2)
76 462
(17.6)
18 612
(85.6)
2 836
(83.8)
21 448
(85.4)
1 123
(86.8)
358 185
(82.4)
21 739
(100.0)
3 385
(100.0)
25 124
(100.0)
1 294
(100.0)
434 647
(100.0)
132 807
(1.9)
271 531
(4.0)
396 602
(5.8)
74 270
(1.1)
875 210
(12.8)
5 945 975
(87.2)
6 821 185
(100.0)
Mixed
With Chinese parent
Other mixed
Sub-total
(3)
Others(3)
Total
(1)
Whole population(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
2011
Notes : (1) The figures exclude persons currently living on board vessels.
114

8.3
2011 5
(1)
(1)
Table 8.3 Ethnic minorities by whether internally migrated, area of residence 5 years ago and
area of current residence, 2011
5
(1)
Ethnic minorities
Whether internally migrated
Area of current residence
Area of residence 5 years ago
Hong Kong
Island
Kowloon
New Towns
Other areas
in the New
Territories
Land total
Whole
population(1)
aged 5
and over
(2)
(3)
Internally migrated(3)
Hong Kong Island
Kowloon
New towns
Other areas in the New Territories
Marine
Sub-total
12 768
(2.9)
4 853
(1.1)
5 668
(1.3)
1 201
(0.3)
(-)
24 490
(5.6)
4 463
(1.0)
7 613
(1.8)
6 294
(1.4)
1 353
(0.3)
(-)
19 723
(4.5)
4 587
(1.1)
7 212
(1.7)
8 365
(1.9)
3 001
(0.7)
(-)
23 165
(5.3)
3 444
(0.8)
1 278
(0.3)
3 565
(0.8)
797
(0.2)
(-)
9 084
(2.1)
25 262
(5.8)
20 956
(4.8)
23 892
(5.5)
6 352
(1.5)
(-)
76 462
(17.6)
182 592
(2.7)
272 271
(4.0)
357 572
(5.2)
62 595
(0.9)
180.0
(0.0)
875 210
(12.8)
22 339
(5.1)
13 685
(3.1)
12 299
(2.8)
5 244
(1.2)
53 567
(12.3)
689 562
(10.1)
38 313
(8.8)
55 395
(12.7)
36 540
(8.4)
47 562
(10.9)
41 687
(9.6)
57 359
(13.2)
11 108
(2.6)
16 654
(3.8)
127 648
(29.4)
176 970
(40.7)
4 861 934
(71.3)
394 479
(5.8)
116 047
(26.7)
97 787
(22.5)
111 345
(25.6)
33 006
(7.6)
358 185
(82.4)
5 945 975
(87.2)
140 537
(32.3)
117 510
(27.0)
134 510
(30.9)
42 090
(9.7)
434 647
(100.0)
6 821 185
(100.0)
Not internally migrated
Moved home within same

area of residence
(4)
Remained in same address(4)

5
Place of residence outside

Hong Kong 5 years ago
Sub-total
Total
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4) 5 5
2011
Notes : (1) The figures exclude persons currently living on board vessels.
(3) Persons having internally migrated were those whose area of current
residence was different from the area of residence five years ago. In
defining internal migration, a change in the area of residence refers to
a move (a) from a District Council district to another District Council
district; or (b) within a District Council district in the New Territories,
from a new town to another new town, or from a new town to other
areas in the district or vice versa.
(4) The figures include persons who currently live in the same address as 5
years ago but had moved elsewhere during the 5 years then moved back.
115


2011
117


Definition of Terms in Chinese (in order of number of strokes)
Number in square brackets indicates the corresponding reference number for Definition of Terms in English
(1)
5 (Area of residence 5 years ago) 5

[4]
(2)
(Place of Study)
(3)
(Working population) (40)
(4)
(Place of work) 7
7
[35]
(5)
(Internal migration) 5
[34]
[43]
[19]
(6)
(Ethnic minorities) :
(7)
(Duration of residence in Hong Kong)

6 [8]
(8)
(Age)
(9)
(Median age)
[25]
(10)
(Industry) 7
[18]
[13]
[2]
2.0
(Manufacturing)
(Construction)
(Import/export, wholesale and retail trades)
(Transportation, storage, postal and courier services)
2011
118

(Accommodation and food services)
(Information and communications)
(Financing and insurance)
(Real estate, professional and business services)
(Public administration, education, human health

and social work activities)
(Miscellaneous social and personal services)
(Others)
(11)
(Household size)
(12)
(Household composition)
[16]
[17]
(Composed of couple)
(Composed of couple and unmarried children)
(Composed of lone parent and unmarried children)
(Composed of couple and at least one of their
2011
119

parents)
(Composed of couple, at least one of

their parents and their unmarried children)
(Composed of other relationship combinations)
(One-person households)
(Non-relative households)
(13)
(Monthly income from main employment)
2011 6 [30]
(14)
(Median monthly income from main employment)
(13)
[27]
(15)
(Ability to speak other languages/dialects) 5
41 [1]
(16)
(Living arrangements) :
(Living alone) :
(Living with parent(s) only) :
(Living with spouse and/or child(ren)) :
(Others) : [23]
(17)
(Tenure of accommodation)
[39]
(Owner-occupier, with mortgage payment or loan repayment)
(Owner-occupier, without mortgage payment and loan repayment)
(Sole tenant)
(Co-tenant)
2011
120

(Main tenant)
(Sub-tenant)
(Rent free)
(Provided by employer)
(18)
(Hong Kong Resident Population)
6 3 6
3
6
1 3 6 1 3
[15]
(19)
(Sex ratio)
(20)
(Type of housing)
[40]
[38]
(21)
(Economically inactive population) : (40)

[10]
(22)
(Mobile Residents) 6 1 3
6 1 3
[28]
(23)
(Field of education)
[14]
(General programmes)
(Arts and social science)
(Pure science)
(Education)
(Business and commercial studies)
(Computer studies)
(Medical and health related studies)
2011
121

(Architecture and construction engineering)
(Mechanical, electrical, electronic and marine engineering)
(Textile, design and other industrial technology)
(Other vocational studies)
(24)
(Domestic household)
[7]
(25)
(Average domestic household size)

[5]
(26)
(Monthly domestic household income) 2011 6
[29]
(27)
(Median monthly domestic household income)
(40)
[26]
(28)
(District Council district and constituency area) 547
18 4 5 9 2011 2011 11
6 2011
2011
44
547 6
[6]
(29)
(Nationality)
[31]
(30)
(Marital status)
[24]
(31)
(Post-secondary education) (32)
(32)
(Educational attainment)
[36]
[11]
(a) (Highest level attended)
(b) (Highest level completed)
2011
122

(No schooling)
(Pre-primary)
(Primary)
(Lower Secondary)
(Upper Secondary)
(Sixth form)
(Post-secondary (Diploma/Certificate))
(Post-secondary (Sub-degree courses))
(Post-secondary (Degree courses))
(33)
(Usual Residents) 6
3 6 3
[42]
(34)
(Area of current residence)
[3]
(35)
(Labour force) (40)
[20]
(36)
(Labour force participation rate) 15

[21]
(37)
(School attendance rate) 2011

2011
[37]
(38)
(Level of study) : (32)
(39)
(New town)
[32]
(40)
(Economic activity status)
[9]
[22]
(Economically active population)
2011
123

15 7
7
(Employment Status)
(Employee)
(Employer)
(Self-employed)
(Unpaid family worker)
(Unemployed population) 15 7
7
30
(Economically inactive population) 7

7 15
(Home-maker)
(Student) 2011
2011 2011 6
(Retired person)
(Of independent means)
(Other economically inactive person)
(41)
(Usual language) 5
[41]
(42)
(Ethnicity)
2008
[12]
(43)
(Occupation) 7
[33]
(Managers and administrators)
(Professionals)
2011
124

(Associate professionals)
(Clerical support workers)
(Service and sales workers)
(Craft and related workers)
(Plant and machine operators and assemblers)
(Elementary occupations)
(Skilled agricultural and fishery workers; and

occupations not classifiable)
2011
125


2011
127

Definition of Terms in English (in alphabetical order)
Number in square brackets indicates the corresponding reference number for Definition of Terms in Chinese
(1)
Ability to speak other languages/dialects : If a person is able to

conduct a short conversation with a particular language / dialect in everyday life activities such as
responding when being asked for direction, studying at educational institution or using at work, he is
deemed to have the ability to speak the language / dialect. A person who is capable of speaking
languages / dialects other than the usual language possesses the ability to speak other languages /
dialects. Apart from the usual language, a maximum of three other most fluent languages / dialects
were recorded for each person. Please see Usual language in (41). [15]
(2)
Age: Age is the number of complete years a person has passed since birth. It is derived from
month and year of birth. [8]
(3)
Area of current residence: Area in which a person was living at the time of the Census.
[34]
(4)
Area of residence 5 years ago5 : The broad geographical area in which a person
lived 5 years before the Census. If the place is outside Hong Kong, the country of residence is recorded.
[1]
(5)
Average domestic household size : The average number of persons per

domestic household. It is calculated by dividing the total number of persons who were living in
domestic households by the total number of domestic households. [25]
(6)
District Council district and constituency area: There are 18 Districts in Hong
Kong as declared under the District Councils Ordinance (Cap. 547): 4 on Hong Kong Island, 5 in
Kowloon and 9 in the New Territories. The set of Constituency Area boundaries adopted in the 2011
Population Census is based on those declared in the Declaration of Constituencies (District Councils)
Order 2011 (L.N. 44 of 2011) made by the Chief Executive in Council under section 6 of the District
Councils Ordinance (Cap. 547) for the District Council Election held on 6 November 2011. [28]
(7)
Domestic household: A domestic household consists of a group of persons who live

together and make common provision for essentials for living. These persons need not be related. If a
person makes provision for essentials for living without sharing with other persons, he is also regarded as
a household. In this case the household is a one-person household. (Note: A domestic household must
have at least one member who is a Usual Resident. Households comprising Mobile Residents only are
not classified as domestic households.) [24]
(8)
Duration of residence in Hong Kong : Duration of residence in Hong Kong

measures the total number of complete years for which a person has lived in Hong Kong. Any period of
temporary absence from Hong Kong for 6 months or more was not counted in reckoning the duration.
[7]
(9)
Economic activity status: The population can be divided into two main groups,
economically active population (i.e. the labour force) and economically inactive population as follows:
[40]
Economically active population: This comprises the employed (that
is the working population) and the unemployed. The working population refers to
2011
128

persons aged 15 and over who should (a) be engaged in performing work for pay or
profit during the 7 days before the Census; or (b) have formal job attachment during
the 7 days before the Census. The working population can be distinguished by the
Employment Statusas follows:
Employee: A person who works for an employer (private companies
or government) for wage, salary, commission, tips or payment in kind.
Domestic helpers, outworkers and paid family workers are also included here.
Employer: A person who works for profit or fees in his / her own
business / profession and employs one or more persons to work for him / her.
Self-employed: A person who works for profit or fees in his /
her own business / profession, neither employed by someone nor employing
others.
Unpaid family worker: A person who works for no pay in
a family business is also considered as employed. Food and lodging and
pocket money are not counted as pay.
Unemployed population: Refer basically to persons aged 15 and over who
should (a) not have had a job and should not have performed any work for pay or profit
during the 7 days before the Census ; (b) have been available for work during the 7 days
before the Census ; and (c) have sought work during the thirty days before the Census.
Economically inactive population: This comprises persons who
have not had a job and have not been at work during the 7 days before the Census, excluding
persons who have been on leave / holiday during the seven-day period and persons who are
unemployed. Persons such as home-makers, retired persons and all those aged below 15
are thus included.
Home-maker: A person who looks after the home without pay.
Student: A person who is studying full-time in educational institution (as for
the 2011 Population Census, students refers to those who had been studying in the first
half of 2011 and would continue to study full-time in the academic year after the Census
[i.e. June 2011] ). Persons who are self-studying, or studying informal courses in
miscellaneous training institutes or studying evening courses and were not working
during the 7 days before the Census are also included in this category. Student workers
are classified as economically active persons and are not included in this group.
Retired person: A person who has worked previously but is not currently
working because of old age.
Of independent means: A person who does not have to work for a
living. The cost of living is generally borne by rental receivable, savings, investment
returns or remittances.
Other economically inactive person : Economically
inactive person not elsewhere classified, e.g. unpaid religious worker and person who
cannot work or do not seek work because of permanent sickness or disablement.
(10)
Economically inactive population:

(9). [21]
(11)
Educational attainment: This comprises the highest level attended and the highest level
completed. [32]
2011
129
Please see Economic activity status in

(a) Highest level attended: Highest level attended is the highest level
of education ever attained by a person in educational institution, regardless of whether
he had completed the course. Only formal courses are counted as educational
attainment. A formal course shall be one that lasts for at least one academic year,
requires specific academic qualifications for entrance (except sub-degree / degree / postgraduate courses offered by the Open University of Hong Kong) and includes
examinations or specific academic assessment procedures.
(b) Highest level completed: Highest level completed is the highest
level of education completed by a person in educational institution, regardless of
whether he / she had passed the examinations or assessments of the course. Only
formal courses are counted for the highest level of education completed. A formal
course shall be one that lasts for at least one academic year, requires specific academic
qualifications for entrance (except sub-degree / degree / post-graduate courses offered
by the Open University of Hong Kong) and includes examinations or specific academic
assessment procedures.
Educational attainment are classified as follows:
No schooling: Including those who had never attended a formal course.
Pre-primary :
centres.
Primary:
Including all classes in kindergartens and child care
Including Primary 1 6 in all educational institutions.
Lower Secondary: Including Secondary 1 3 in all educational institutions.

Upper Secondary: Including Secondary 4 5 of old academic structure,
Secondary 4 5 of new academic structure or equivalent in all educational institutions,
Project Yi Jin and craft level.
Sixth form : Including Secondary 6 7 of old academic structure or
equivalent in all educational institutions.
Post-secondary (Diploma/Certificate) : Including
Diploma/Certificate courses in Vocational Training Council/Clothing Industry Training
Authority/Construction Industry Council Training Academy/ Open University/School
of Professional and Continuing Education of University/former Polytechnics/other
statutory or approved Post-secondary Colleges/other colleges providing postsecondary courses/former Teacher Colleges/commercial schools, Nurse training
courses/Dental training courses/ Distance learning courses/other courses at
diploma/certificate level.
Post-secondary (Sub-degree course) : Including all
Higher Certificate/Higher Diploma/Professional Diploma/Associate Degree/ PreAssociate Degree/Endorsement Certificate/Associateship or equivalent courses in
Universities/Vocational Training Council, other sub-degree courses in Universities
funded
by
University
Grants
Committee,
Higher
Certificate/Higher
Diploma/Professional Diploma/Associate Degree/Pre-Associate Degree or equivalent
courses in former Polytechnics/other statutory or approved Post-secondary Colleges,
Higher Diploma/Professional Diploma/Associate Degree/ Pre-Associate Degree or
equivalent courses in other colleges providing post-secondary courses, sub-degree
courses in Hong Kong Institute of Education, Sub-degree level nurse training
courses/dental training courses, Distance learning sub-degree level courses and other
sub-degree level courses.
2011
130

Post-secondary (Degree course) : Including all first

degree, taught postgraduate and research postgraduate courses in local or non-local
institutions.
(12)
Ethnicity: The ethnicity of a person is determined by self-identification. The classification of

ethnicity is determined with reference to a combination of concepts such as cultural origins, nationality,
colour and language. This practice is in line with the recommendations promulgated by the United
Nations in 2008, and has taken into account the practices of other countries as well as local
circumstances. In Hong Kong, a significant proportion of the population is Chinese, and among the
non-Chinese, Asians account for the majority. Therefore, there are more Asian related ethnic groups in
the classification. [42]
(13)
Ethnic minorities: Ethnic Minorities refer to persons of non-Chinese ethnicity. [6]
(14)
Field of education: Field of education refers to the subject of the courses to which a
persons education attainment (highest level attended or highest level completed) was related. [23]
General programmes : Including general programmes for preparatory,
elementary and secondary education (include Project Yi Jin).
Arts and social science: Including studies in music; drawing and
painting; sculpturing; drama; handicrafts; photography and cinematography; literature;
languages and linguistics; history; philosophy; theology; religion; archaeology;
anthropology; economics; sociology; pure psychology; clinical psychology; demography;
geography; political science and regional studies.
Pure science: Including studies in mathematics; biology; chemistry; geology;
physics; astronomy; meteorology; oceanography; statistics and actuarial science.
Education: Including studies in colleges of education and Hong Kong Technical
Teachers College; certificate/diploma of education courses and university degree courses in
education.
Business and commercial studies: Including studies in banking; marketing;
finance and investment; valuation; purchase and supply; insurance; secretaryship; company
secretaryship; public and business administration; accountancy; shorthand; typing and bookkeeping.
Computer studies: Including studies in computer programming and system
analysis; electronic data processing; business machine and computer operation.
Medical and health related studies: Including studies in medicine (except
Chinese herb medicine); nursing; dentistry; psychiatry; radiology; pharmacy, dental and
medical technology; physical and occupational therapy; speech therapy; anatomy;
physiology; immunology; pathology and forensic medicine.
Architecture and construction engineering : Including studies in
architecture, town planning and environmental design; transport studies; building technology
such as surveying; carpentry, bricklaying, plastering and tiling, plumbing and pipe-fitting,
sewerage; water supply and treatment; civil and structural engineering; building services
engineering; soil mechanics; draughtsmanship; interior design; land, building and estate
management.
Mechanical, electrical, electronic and marine engineering
: Including studies in mechanical engineering; mining engineering; motor mechanics;
vehicle technology; production engineering; plastic mould technology; tool and die
technology; industrial engineering; electrical and electronic engineering; refrigeration and
air-conditioning; television/radio mechanics and servicing; telecommunications; marine
2011
131

electronics; ship building and repairs and naval architecture.

Textile, design and other industrial technology: Including
studies in textile technology/clothing technology such as dyeing, fabric, printing, garment
and leather manufacturing; printing technology; industrial design; basic, graphic and 3dimensional design; chemical engineering; watch and clock making and optics.
Other vocational studies : Including studies in law and jurisprudence;
journalism; radio and television broadcasting; public relations; library sciences; social work;
agricultural programmes; Chinese herbal medicine; tourism; hotel management; laboratory
technicianship; civil security; military; vocational counselling and other service trades.
(15)
Hong Kong Resident Population: The Hong Kong Resident Population at the census
reference moment covers Usual Residents and Mobile Residents. Usual Residents refer to two
categories of people: (1) Hong Kong Permanent Residents who had stayed in Hong Kong for at least 3
months during the 6 months before or for at least 3 months during the 6 months after the census reference
moment, regardless of whether they were in Hong Kong or not at the census reference moment; and (2)
Hong Kong Non-permanent Residents who were in Hong Kong at the census reference moment. As for
Mobile Residents, they are Hong Kong Permanent Residents who had stayed in Hong Kong for at least
1 month but less than 3 months during the 6 months before or for at least 1 month but less than 3 months
during the 6 months after the census reference moment, regardless of whether they were in Hong Kong
or not at the census reference moment. [18]
(16)
Household composition: Household composition is derived from the information on

relationship to the head of household of each person and the identification of spouse and parent-child
relationships among members of the household. The different categories of household composition are
as follows: [12]
Composed of couple: A household comprising a married couple without
any other related persons. It may or may not include other unrelated persons (e.g. domestic
helpers).
Composed of couple and unmarried children: A household
comprising a couple and their unmarried child(ren) without any other related persons. It
may or may not include other unrelated persons (e.g. domestic helpers).
Composed of lone parent and unmarried children: A
household comprising a father or mother and his/her unmarried child(ren) without any other
related persons. It may or may not include other unrelated persons e.g. domestic helpers).
Relative households
Composed of couple and at least one of their parents
: A household comprising a couple and at least one of their parents (including the
parent(s) of the wife and/or husband) without any other related persons. It may or may not
include other unrelated persons (e.g. domestic helpers).
Composed of couple, at least one of their parents and their unmarried children
: A household comprising a couple, at least one
of their parents (including the parent(s) of the wife and/or husband) and their unmarried
children without any other related persons. It may or may not include other unrelated
persons (e.g. domestic helpers).
Composed of other relationship combinations : A
household comprising a group of related persons but not being unclassified in the above
categories. It may or may not include other unrelated persons (e.g. domestic helpers).
2011
132

Other households
One-person households: A household with only one person.
Non-relative households: A household comprising unrelated person(s).
(17)
Household size:
household. [11]
(18)
Industry: The main kind of goods or services produced by the establishment in which a
person worked during the 7 days before the census reference moment. The brief descriptions and
coverage of the industrial sectors are given as follows: [10]
Household size refers to the number of persons living in the domestic
New Industry Classification (modeled on the Hong Kong Standard Industrial Classification
Version 2.0)
Manufacturing : This industry sector includes the physical or chemical
transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products. Substantial
alteration, renovation and reconstruction of goods are generally considered to be
manufacturing. Also included in the industry sector is specialised repair and maintenance of
industrial and commercial machinery and equipment. Examples of this industry sector are
food product manufacturing; wearing apparel industry; printing industry; manufacturing of
electronic products; and repair and installation of machinery and equipment.
Construction : This industry sector includes general construction and
specialised construction activities for buildings and civil engineering works. It includes
new work, repair, additions and alterations, the erection of prefabricated building structure
on the site and also construction of a temporary nature. Examples of this industry sector are
building construction; civil engineering; building services installation and maintenance
activities; and decoration, repair and maintenance for buildings.
Import/export, wholesale and retail trades: This industry sector
includes wholesale and retail sale (i.e. sale without transformation) of any type of goods, and
rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. Wholesaling and retailing are the
final steps in the distribution of merchandise. Examples of this industry sector are import
and export trade; wholesale and retail trade; and peddlers.
Transportation, storage, postal and courier services:
This industry sector includes the provision of passenger or freight transport, whether
scheduled or not, by rail, road, water or air and associated activities such as airport, terminal
and car park, loading and unloading of freight, storage, and postal and courier activities etc.
Also included are sightseeing transport and renting of transport equipment with or without
driver or operator. Examples of this industry sector are land transport; water transport; air
transport; warehousing and support activities for transportation; and postal and courier
activities.
Accommodation and food services: This industry sector includes the
provision of short-stay accommodation for visitors and other travellers and the provision of
complete meals and drinks fit for immediate consumption. Examples of this industry sector
are hotels; guesthouses and boarding houses; restaurants; bars and lounges; and coffee shops.
Information and communications : This industry sector includes the
production and distribution of information and cultural products, the provision of the means
to transmit or distribute these products as well as data. Also included are broadcasting,
communications and information technology activities, as well as the processing of data and
other information service activities. Examples of this industry sector are publishing
industry; radio and television broadcasting; telecommunications; information technology
2011
133

services; and news agencies.

Financing and insurance: This industry sector includes financial service
activities, including insurance and pension funding activities, and activities to support
financial services. Also included are the activities of holding assets, such as activities of
holding companies and the activities of trusts, funds and similar financial entities.
Examples of this industry sector are banks; investment and holding companies; insurance;
security brokerage; and fund management.
Real estate, professional and business services: This industry
sector includes (a) all real estate activities, (b) all activities requiring a high degree of
professional training, and serve users with specialised knowledge and skills; and
(c) establishments mainly engaged in performing various support activities for the day-today operations of other enterprises (some also supporting households). Examples of this
industry sector are real estate development; real estate brokerage and agencies; real estate
maintenance management; offices of lawyers, accountants, auditors, architects, surveyors;
advertising and market research companies; specialised design activities; travel agencies,
security and investigation activities; cleaning activities; office administrative and support
activities.
Public administration, education, human health and social work activities
: This industry sector includes government administration,
establishments engaged in formulating and implementing the economic and social policy,
and units maintaining public order and safety. This industry sector also includes
establishments mainly engaged in the provision and support of education and training and
establishments mainly engaged in providing human health care and social assistance.
Examples of this industry sector are government services; educational institutions and other
establishments engaged in educational and training services; medical and health services;
elderly homes; and welfare institutions.
Miscellaneous social and personal services: This industry sector
includes creative and performing arts activities; cultural activities; betting activities; sports,
amusement and recreation activities; and all other services activities including personal
services activities. This industry sector also includes activities of households as employers
of domestic personnel. Examples of this industry sector are libraries and museums; theme
parks; fitness centres; religious organisations; political organisations; repair of personal and
household goods (such as motor vehicles and computers); laundry and dry-cleaning services;
beauty and body prettifying treatment; and domestic helpers.
Others: Including such industries as Agriculture, forestry and fishing; Mining
and quarrying; Electricity and gas supply; Water supply; sewerage, waste management
and remediation activities and industrial activities inadequately described or unclassifiable.
(19)
Internal migration : Persons internally migrated were those whose area of current
residence was different from the area of original residence 5 years ago. In defining internal migration, a
change in the area of residence refers to a move (a) from a District Council district to another District
Council district; or (b) within a District Council district in the New Territories, from a new town to
another new town, or from a new town to other areas in the district or vice versa. [5]
(20)
Labour force:
(21)
Labour force participation rate:

population aged 15 and over. [36]
(22)
Level of study:
2011
Please see Economic activity status in (9). [35]

The proportion of labour force in the total
Please see Educational attainment in (11). [38]
134

(23)
Living arrangements: Living arrangements are classified according to the respondent

and his/her relationship with other household members living with him/her. The different categories of
living arrangements are as follows:
Living alone:
A person not living with any other persons.
Living with parent(s) only: A person living with his/her father and/or
mother. He/she may, at the same time, be living with other persons who are not his/her
spouse and child(ren).
Living with spouse and/or child(ren): A person living with
his/her spouse and/or child(ren). He/she may, at the same time, be living with other
persons. This category can be further broken down into Living with spouse and/or
child(ren), and with parent(s) and Living with spouse and/or child(ren), and not with
parent(s). The former refers to the case that the persons are also living with their parent(s)
while they live with their spouse and/or child(ren). The latter refers to the case that the
respondent's parent(s) is not living in the same household.
Others: A person living with other persons other than his/her parent(s), spouse
and child(ren). [16]
(24)
Marital status: The marital status of a person is recorded according to the status reported
by respondents in the Census. There is no check on whether the marriage or divorce had undergone any
legal registration or ceremony. [30]
(25)
Median age: The average age so calculated that 50% of the total number of persons
were above that age and the other 50% were below it. [9]
(26)
Median monthly domestic household income: The average monthly

domestic household income so calculated that 50% of the total number of domestic households had
incomes above that figure and the other 50% had incomes below it. Zero income households are
included in the calculation. Please see Monthly domestic household income in (41). [27]
(27)
Median monthly income from main employment : The average income

from main employment so calculated that 50% of the working population, excluding unpaid family
worker, had income above that figure and the other 50% had income below it. Please see Monthly
income from main employment in (30). [14]
(28)
Mobile Residents: They are Hong Kong Permanent Residents who had stayed in Hong
Kong for at least 1 month but less than 3 months during the 6 months before or for at least 1 month but
less than 3 months during the 6 months after the census reference moment, regardless of whether they
were in Hong Kong or not at the census reference moment. [22]
(29)
Monthly domestic household income: The total income (including earnings in

cash from all employments and other cash incomes) for June 2011 of members of households. [26]
(30)
Monthly income from main employment: For employers or self-employed

persons, this is the amount earned excluding expenses incurred in running their main business. For
employees, this is the total amount earned from their main employment including salary or wage, bonus,
commission, overtime, housing allowance, tips and other cash allowances. New Year bonus and double
pay are excluded. The amount recorded refers to the income for June 2011. [13]
(31)
Nationality: Nationality may be related to a persons place of residence, ethnicity or place of

birth. It may not necessarily be related to a persons travel document. [29]
2011
135

(32)
New town: The delineation of the areas into new towns is adopted from the boundaries
developed by the Civil Engineering and Development Department as well as Planning Department for
new town development purposes. There are 12 new towns in Hong Kong, namely Kwai Chung, Tsing
Yi, Tsuen Wan, Tuen Mun, Yuen Long, Tin Shui Wai, Fanling / Sheung Shui, Tai Po, Sha Tin, Ma On
Shan, Tseung Kwan O and North Lantau. [39]
(33)
Occupation: This refers to the kind of work a person performed during the 7 days before the
census reference moment. [43]
Managers and administrators :
Including administrators,
commissioners and directors in government service; consuls; councillors; directors, chief
executive officers, presidents, general managers, functional managers, branch managers and
small business managers in industry, commerce, import and export trade, wholesale and
retail trade, catering and lodging services, transport, electricity, gas, water and other services
and agricultural and fishery sectors.
Professionals: Including qualified professional scientists, doctors, dentists
and other medical professionals; architects, surveyors and engineers; fashion designers,
jewellery designers, vice-chancellors, directors, academic staff and administrators of
university, post-secondary college; principals and teachers of secondary school; statisticians;
mathematicians; system analysts and computer programmers; lawyers and judges;
accountants; business consultants and analysts; social workers; social work assistants;
translators and interpreters; news editors and journalists; writers; librarians and members of
religious orders.
Associate professionals : Including science technicians, nurses and
midwives, dental assistants and other health associate professionals; architectural, surveying
and engineering technicians; optical and electronic equipment controllers; ship pilots and air
traffic controllers; principals and teachers of primary school and kindergarten/nursery;
statistical assistants; computer operators; law clerks; accounting supervisors; public relation
officers; sales representatives; interior designers; estate managers; superintendents,
inspectors and officers of the police and other discipline services; performers and sportsmen.
Clerical support workers : Including stenographers, secretaries and
typists; bookkeeping, finance, shipping, filing and personnel clerks; tellers; receptionists and
information clerks.
Service and sales workers : Including air hostesses and travel
guides; house stewards; cooks and waiters; baby-sitters; hairdressers and beauticians;
cashiers and ticket clerks; rank and file staff of the police and other discipline services;
transport conductors and other service workers; wholesale and retail salesman in shops; shop
assistants and fashion models.
Craft and related workers : Including miners and quarrymen;
bricklayers, carpenters and other construction workers; metal moulders; blacksmiths;
machinery, electric and electronic instrument mechanics; jewellery workers and watch
makers; potters; typesetters; bakers, food and beverage processors; painters; craft workers in
textile, garment, leather, rubber and plastic trades and other craft workers.
Plant and machine operators and assemblers: Including
well drillers and borers; ore smelting furnace operators; brick and tile kilnmen; sawmill
sawyers; paper makers; chemical processing plant operators; power-generating plant and
boiler operators; asbestos cement products makers; metal finishers and electroplaters; dairy
and other food processing machine operators; printing machine operators; machine operators
for production of textile, rubber and plastic products; assemblers; drivers; seamen and other
plant and machine operators.
2011
136

Elementary occupations: Including street vendors; domestic helpers and

cleaners; messengers; private security guards; watchmen; freight handlers; lift operators;
construction labourers; hand packers; food preparation assistants; agricultural and fishery
labourers.
Skilled agricultural and fishery workers; and occupations not classifiable
: Including farm workers, animal husbandry workers and fishermen,
and occupations unidentifiable and inadequately described.
(34)
Place of study: The place of study of a person refers to the geographical area in Hong
Kong where the educational institution is located and where the person concerned has to go to attend fulltime course. [2]
(35)
Place of work: The place of work of a person refers to the district where the work place
of a person is located and where the person concerned usually stayed or went during the 7 days before the
Census for business matters. For a person who has more than one job during the reference period, the
place of work refers to that of his main employment. For a person who changes his work place day to
day (e.g. construction site worker) or has many work places (e.g. doctor working in both hospital and
clinic, mobile hawker), the work place is where the person worked for the longest hours in the reference
period. For a person who has no fixed place of work (e.g. salesman, driver) but needed to report duty
every day, the location of the office or depot is the work place. For a cross-border truck driver who
drives between Hong Kong and the Mainland and spends most of the working hours in the Mainland,
then the Mainland is the place of work. [4]
(36)
Post-secondary education:
(37)
School attendance rate: The percentage of population attending full-time course in

educational institutions (in the first half of 2011 for the 2011 Population Census). [37]
(38)
Sex ratio: The ratio of the number of males per 1 000 females. [19]
(39)
Tenure of accommodation: The terms and conditions under which accommodation is

held by a domestic household. The different terms are defined as follows: [17]
Please see Educational attainment in (11). [31]
Owner-occupier, with mortgage payment or loan repayment: A

household which owns the quarters it occupies with mortgage payment or loan repayment for
the quarters.
Owner-occupier, without mortgage payment and loan repayment:
A household which owns the quarters it occupies without any mortgage payment or loan
repayment for the quarters.
Sole tenant : A household which rents the whole quarters it occupies from
someone who lives outside the quarters without sharing it with other household(s) or
subletting.
Co-tenant: Two or more households each of which rents part of the quarters from
someone who lives outside the quarters.
Main tenant: A household which rents the whole quarters it occupies from
someone who lives outside the quarters and sublets part of it to other household(s).
Sub-tenant: A household which rents part of the quarters from someone who
lives in the same quarters.
Rent free: A household which occupies an accommodation free, with or
without the owners permission. This excludes households occupying accommodation
2011
137

provided by employers.
Provided by employer: A household which occupies an accommodation
provided by the employer of one of the household members. This also includes
households occupying quarters leased from employers at a nominal rent. If a household
member uses housing allowance given by his employer for renting accommodation, the
tenure is not considered as provided by employer.
(40)
Type of housing: This refers to the nature of housing for the unit of accommodation.
The different types are determined based on the type of quarters of the unit of accommodation as follows:
[20]
Public Rental Housing: Including all public rental housing units.
Subsidized Home Ownership Housing:
Including all subsidized sale flats.
Private Permanent Housing:

Including all private residential flats; all
villas/bungalows/modern village houses; all simple stone houses/traditional village houses;
and all units of staff quarters.
Non-domestic Housing: Including all units of quarters in non-residential buildings and all
units of collective living quarters.
Temporary Housing:
Including all units of temporary quarters
(41)
Usual language: The usual language is the language/dialect a person used in daily
communication at home. This is not applicable to persons aged under 5 or mute persons. [41]
(42)
Usual Residents: Usual Residents refer to two categories of people: (1) Hong Kong
Permanent Residents who had stayed in Hong Kong for at least 3 months during the 6 months before or
for at least 3 months during the 6 months after the census reference moment, regardless of whether they
were in Hong Kong or not at the census reference moment; and (2) Hong Kong Non-permanent
Residents who were in Hong Kong at the census reference moment. [33]
(43)
Working population:
2011
Please see Economic activity status in (9). [3]
138

2011
Publications of the Hong Kong 2011 Population Census
(1)
Title of publication (1)
Language
Published
Summary Results
Bilingual
Thematic Report : Household Income

Distribution in Hong Kong
Bilingual
Graphic Guide
Bilingual
Main Report : Volume I
Bilingual
Main Report : Volume II
Bilingual
Thematic Report : Persons from the

Mainland having resided in Hong Kong
for less than 7 Years
Bilingual
Bilingual
To be published
Thematic Report : Youths
Bilingual
Thematic Report : Older Persons
Bilingual
Thematic Report : Single Parents
Bilingual
(1)
Note: (1) Except for Summary Results where print version is available, only download version is available for the other publications.
2011
139


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free of charge from the website of
the Census and Statistics Department
(www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/srh/index.jsp).
(www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/srh/index_tc.jsp)
Publications Unit
Print versions of publications and CD-ROM

products are available for purchase and
collection on the spot at the Publications Unit of
the Census and Statistics Department. The Unit
also provides a reading area where users may
browse through the latest issue of various
publications of the Department on display.
Publicity/educational leaflets and pamphlets of
the Department are also available for collection.
The address of the Publications Unit is :
12
19/F, Wanchai Tower,
19
12 Harbour Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong.
(852) 2582 3025
Tel. : (852) 2582 3025
(852) 2827 1708
Fax : (852) 2827 1708
Mail order service
Some publications of the Census and Statistics

Department are available in print versions and
are offered for sale online at the Government
Bookst or e of the Inf or mat i on Ser vi ces
Department (www.bookstore.gov.hk). A mail
order form for ordering print versions of
p u bl i cat i on s i s al so a vai l ab l e f or
downloading on the website of the Department
(www.censtatd.gov.hk/service_desk/list/mail/
index.jsp). Completed form should be sent back
together with a cheque or bank draft covering all
necessary cost.
(www.bookstore.gov.hk)

(www.censtatd.gov.hk/service_desk/list/mail/
index_tc.jsp)
2011
A1


Thematic Report: Ethnic Minorities: Census and Statistics Department Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

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Thematic Report: Ethnic Minorities: Census and Statistics Department Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

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Thematic Report : Ethnic Minorities

Census and Statistics Department

Thematic Report : Ethnic Minorities

100 Landmark East 8

2011 Population Census Office

Website of the Census and Statistics Department

This publication is available in download version only

3. Size and Structure

7. Living Arrangements and

8. Characteristics of the Districts

Definition of Terms in Chinese

Definition of Terms in English

Publications of the Hong Kong 2011

Means of Obtaining Publications and

2011 Population Census

2001 2006 2011

Ethnic minorities by ethnicity, 2001,

Ethnic minorities by ethnicity and

Ethnic minorities by ethnicity and

Sex ratios of ethnic minorities by

Proportion of ethnic minorities aged

Proportion of now married ethnic

Ethnic minorities by ethnicity and

Ethnic minorities by sex, sge group

Proportion of ethnic minorities aged

School attendance rates of ethnic

Ethnic minorities aged 15 and over

2001 2006 2011

2001 2006 2011

2001 2006 2011

2001 2006 2011

2001 2006 2011

2011 Population Census

Proportion of ethnic minorities with

Ethnic minorities studying full-time

Proportion of ethnic minorities

Labour force participation rates of

Working ethnic minorities by

Proportion of working ethnic

Proportion of working ethnic

Proportion of working ethnic

Proportion of working ethnic

Economically inactive ethnic

2001 2006 2011

2011 Population Census

2001 2006 2011

Domestic households with ethnic

Ethnic minorities other than live-in

Ethnic minorities other than live-in

Median monthly domestic household

Proportion of ethnic minorities by

Ethnic minorities aged 5 and over by

Ethnic minorities by whether

2001 2006 2011

2011 Population Census

2001 2006 2011

Population pyramids for ethnic

Proportion of ethnic minorities aged

Labour force participation rates of