Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 51 views

    Module 3: Frequency Control in A Power System Lecture 10: Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Ashwani Rana
    This document discusses the importance of maintaining frequency in a power system. It provides an example of typical load and frequency variation in an Indian grid. Frequency needs to be kept near 50 Hz for equipment and generators, which are designed to operate within a narrow band. Loads in India typically vary over 24 hours, with a distinctive peak around 8 pm. The frequency also fluctuates somewhat but is normally between 50.5 Hz and 49 Hz under regular conditions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Module 3: Frequency Control in A Power System Lecture 10: Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Ashwani Rana
    51 views2 pages
    This document discusses the importance of maintaining frequency in a power system. It provides an example of typical load and frequency variation in an Indian grid. Frequency needs to be kept near 50 Hz for equipment and generators, which are designed to operate within a narrow band. Loads in India typically vary over 24 hours, with a distinctive peak around 8 pm. The frequency also fluctuates somewhat but is normally between 50.5 Hz and 49 Hz under regular conditions.

    Original Description:

    lec

    Original Title

    lec-10

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses the importance of maintaining frequency in a power system. It provides an example of typical load and frequency variation in an Indian grid. Frequency needs to be kept near 50 Hz for equipment and generators, which are designed to operate within a narrow band. Loads in India typically vary over 24 hours, with a distinctive peak around 8 pm. The frequency also fluctuates somewhat but is normally between 50.5 Hz and 49 Hz under regular conditions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views2 pages

    Module 3: Frequency Control in A Power System Lecture 10: Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Ashwani Rana
    This document discusses the importance of maintaining frequency in a power system. It provides an example of typical load and frequency variation in an Indian grid. Frequency needs to be kept near 50 Hz for equipment and generators, which are designed to operate within a narrow band. Loads in India typically vary over 24 hours, with a distinctive peak around 8 pm. The frequency also fluctuates somewhat but is normally between 50.5 Hz and 49 Hz under regular conditions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Untitled Document

    Module 3 : Frequency Control in a Power System Lecture 10 : Introduction

    Objectives In this lecture you will learn the following Why is maintenance of frequency important?

    An example of typical load and frequency variation in an Indian grid. Introduction Frequency all over a synchronous power grid is the same in steady state. Maintaining a near-constant frequency (one may allow frequency to vary over a very narrow band) is considered an important requirement of power system operation. Frequency in a power system is intimately related to the electrical speed of synchronous generators. The difference between mechanical and electrical torques govern acceleration of a rotor of a generator. Therefore to maintain a constant speed, mechanical input and electrical output power need to be continually matched. Electrical load can vary randomly, but the total load versus time roughly follows a trend . For example, total load in a grid can vary over twenty four hours as shown in the figure on the right.

    (click to enlarge)

    There is a distinctive peak at about 8 pm. This is the typical variation for a particular season of the year. For other seasons, the load profile is different. Also, power systems are not immune to sudden large load or generation throw-offs due to contingencies. Frequency variation is dependent on several factors which includes the load characteristics and generator prime mover controls. We shall study these issues in detail in the following lectures. Why is maintenance of frequency in a power system important? Frequency needs to be maintained near 50 Hz for the following reasons: Steam turbine blades are designed to operate in a narrow band of frequencies. Deviation of frequency beyond this band may cause gradual or immediate turbine damage. Consequently, protective and control equipment take corrective action in case of under/over frequency. A 50 Hz steam turbine may not be able to withstand frequency deviation of +2 Hz to -2.5 Hz for more than an hour in its entire life!
    file:///E|/HTML-PDF-conversion/6--108101040/module%203/html/Lec-10.html[4/19/2012 1:03:49 PM]

    Untitled Document

    Loads and other electrical equipment are usually designed to operate at a particular frequency. Off-nominal frequency operation causes electrical loads to deviate from the desired output. The output of power plant auxiliaries like pumps or fans may reduce, causing reduction in power plant output.

    At the present time, grid frequency deviation in some Indian grids is generally between 50.5 and 49.0 Hz under normal operating conditions. The figure below shows the typical frequency variation in the Western Grid of India (taken from the Western Regional Load Dispatch Center website - www.wrldc.com).

    (click to enlarge)
    Recap In this lecture you have learnt the following Why is maintenance of frequency important ? Typical load and frequency variation in an Indian grid Congratulations, you have finished Lecture 10. To view the next lecture select it from the left hand side menu of the page.

    file:///E|/HTML-PDF-conversion/6--108101040/module%203/html/Lec-10.html[4/19/2012 1:03:49 PM]

    You might also like