sultu0H

ZoneR.Kime,MD,MS

Heollh World Publicotions Box Number 408 Penryn, CA 95663

qr|,r|l

''Thedoctor ol thefuturc will interest hk patidts in thecnrc af thehutnnn in the caulse andprevenoott o1 frame,ifl diet,o,1d ThomasA. Adison

Aulhorns Prefoce
At one time or anothet on the rcad of life, all of us have arrived at a crossroadsin our thinking. Practicingmedicine hasbrought me there, perhaps an illness will placeyou there too. As I have seenthe options,we may,on the onc hand, choose to respect and appreciate nature. Wemay seewithin her a wisdom and intelligence that far surpassesman,s grcatest technolo#calachievements. We mav corneto realizethat man's bcst interestis served through obedience and conformitv to nature and that sound health is the result of this On the otherhand, we maychoose to believethat we canimptove upon nature,that we canmanipulatcher to our ou'n bcnefit.Wemay belicvethat.r'earercsponsible to rrorrrrng but our o$'n pleasure,that n'e may freely violate and disregardnatural law and then nrtificiallymanipLllate the deleterious consequences. We may believew,ecan eat poorl)t slecprarely work constantlyexercise spa ngly and avoid any phvsicalconsequences by lhc useof somewonder drug or miraculous surgerv It is evidentthat this is the road most of us choose, for during the 1900's, the volume of drug busincss in the United States has irr.ru'ased by a factorof 100.It is estimatedthat 20,000 tons of aspirin arc consumedper vear,or 225 tabletsper person. Not only is the drug indushy booming, but also, as lveryonealreadyknows,therehasbecnatremendous inc.reasein healthcarecosts. Tolive i (lis.riminatelyand pay the pdce later is casier Iot the moment. Maybe that,sreallv why wo chooseit. It requiresno disciplineand no sacrifice. It conformsto oul culhr]al ln nrv medical practice, I seemany whom no dmg or surgeryr\,illrestoreto health.The lr'lrt'rl-f()r escapebecomesonly a means to mume the most noxious complaintsor a rrrrl!\l l,' prul'ng a dying e'Jstenre. I or all ,,ur ad\dnc,* in soente,wc sLillrcnrain Itttrl|bly pitifullv dependentupon the forcesof nature:ait hate4 food, and sunlight. It Frl rrs in tact,the more advancedoui technologv becomes, the morc capablewe are of Il,.rl11\,ir)g ourselves - not only bv a nuclearholocast, but alsoby moreinsidiousinroads lrl(,,,rrr hanlthsuch as the tremendouschangethat has takcn placein the areao{ food l'\ lrrol( lgv l)eathhasalwaysbeeneasilywithin man'sgrasp,while life and healthrem.1m ()f llx, l'r( Out of this convictionthis book has beenwritten. I 'tr('rly natureand her {orces. It,ltr.vI tlrIrt is arnpli't'vidcnceir1the scientific litL'rature that sunlight,freeof lechnologi, nl ,lrrlt lr,) s, is rrdIorrlvbcnt.ficial, but n|ct,ssiry for hrrrlran hoalth 'r /.n r ll f,t,ttr. l\11)t .1\

Conienls
fcloe

Sunlight and Health

z
33
49

Sunlight and PhysicalFitness

Sunlight and Heart Disease

T
5

SunlightandAging

75
9l " l)7

SunlightandCancer

Sunlight and Nutrition

Sunlisht and the Vitamin D Mania

t39
157

Sunlisht and InfectiousDiseases

ali cpter

the Air SunlightEtech"ifies

t9l 197 2C,3 2Cl

lO ll
12

andPollution sunlight sunlightandJaundice

lmpact SunlightandPsychological

13 14
15

sunlight andSexuality andwerewolves sunlight

Drseases Arlhnbs andMrscellaneous Sunlrghl.

z3
22(t
731 ?' ,1

t6 t7 t8
19

How to Sunbathe

SolarThenpy of the Past

Bibliography

2,'\
ii

for FurtherReading. Recommt-nded

!O '"0*

21
a,-lrap.--f

Sunlight ond Heolth

' ' Irtt rti ! th.ttt l r) 111. l l dt [. !tk. tht it , a lt oi t t us. sut 5: ll, ( NI V) Judges

ll lifc on lhir'..rrlh ir d.pendenl up,,n thp

iril

sun. It is thc sourccof all Light and rvarmth, ,,n rnd mn.l o[ lheenerg] e,rr lh i',mc'. r'l has comc, from the sun. The directrays of sunlight fhat strikethis planetsustainthe biosphere in $'hich lve live.Thc sunprovidcsthe energvfor the plant to photosynthesize the productsneccssary for grou'th.This energyis thcn storcdin the plant in the form of carbohyd rates,proteins,and fatsto be transferred to animalsor humansupon c()nsumption. Similarly, the sun providcsthc enrrgv necessary for the grolvth of trces, and it is this cnerty that is released, in the form of heat, trpon t ombustionof the wood. The sun'senergv .tlsot)Ir)vides the fossiltuelsupon whichrve find ,'rrr',lvr's so dependent. Fossil fuelsareiormed \\ l!.n (l(..ryinB pl.rnt mattt'r is act('d upon overa
l ,' ,,)i l ! fi ,),1 t)l i rrr' l ,v l h(. f(, f t r 's oi h( 'at and t,r,.r.ur. l l r,. , r' , ,l l \ l r,r) l ht . l) l, r ) ls , r r r ( l lht

:'"",#Jl pn,!.","n",n, Dffi ro'wotr @$*

^1t

, iood ior a n i m a l s.

rffi'
Solarenergyis the basic source ofenergy for man and animal,

..i

22
\.l^."t,y.--_-\._ ,-('.4i7tr-n$
forces upon them is storedin the fossilfuel to be released upon combustion, Even the energy derivcd from hydrolectric plants is ultimately dependent upon the sun. Hydroelectricity is derived from the force of large rivers descending from the mountainous areasof lower elevations. The sun is responsible for this, in that air, which has been warmed by the sun, is capable of absorbing water Sun-warmed air passing over the o.eans absorbswater from the oceans.As it passes over the land masses, and movesup to higherelevations, itis cooled.When cooled,aircannothold as much water,and some o[ the \ aler t{ ] precipitate uruallya. rain or _I snow in the mLluntdins.hii feedsthe rircrs which in tufn provide hydroelect c power. So, it is apparentthat energ]4 and, subsequentlylife, on this planet,are depndentupon the sun. If the grossbiosphere (the area of the planet in which life is sustained)is so dependent upon the sun, what of the more individual sphere of the human bodyl T. lhe human ph).ical oBanism itself directly dependent upon the sun? Throughout almost all of recorded history, man has Livedand worked out of doors with ful1 exposure to the nafural sunlight. Pastoral and agricultural activities demanded an outdoor life. This was abruptly changed by the industrial revolution when thousands moved to the cities to work indoorsin factories. With the indust al revolution there came also the insidious belief that man was no longer dependent upon the natural world, but $?s independentof it. Only in relativelyrcccnt history,has man beenwork or in min,* inB in,loor-in fd,loric.dnd officer. ln,'rr rn()d('rn farbckrwthc srrrfacc ofthc earlh day societv we five in a glassiungle, where most ofour time is spentbehind window glass,which is an effechvebarrier to the ultraviolet Porfon of naturallight. Our homes, our transportation, and our of employmcntall shieldus from the sun Dlaces is such wide usageof fluoresAncl, sincet_heie light in offices, schools incantlescent cent and is it evident that most people, rn and factories,

is lhe basicsource Solarenergy of energyreleasedupon combustionof wood.

-='(--';J>\ /? %\ c

---

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/r/

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el

./ :\ .^^.\ ' energy

\\

$,lnr onorgyconlrlbrrtoilo lho enorgylound

25
the presentday inclustdalsocieryspendmost of their rvaking hours under a light that is entirely difJerent from the kind that comcsfrom natural sunlight. Sunlightis composed ofmany differentenergv levels.This energvis transmittedin thc lorm oI
, lc \ f r , ' m J Bn e l i c $ .r\e -. T h p \e \\a\e!arv in

lergth fr,.rn.00nUl n.1nomet, r fur co-micrJ\\ {r nanometcris one billionth oI a meter) to about 4,990 kilometers(3,100 milcs)for electrich'aves. Notallo{these energyh'avcsreachthe earth's surface. Thc laversof atmosphcrcthat surround

$t\

-1
(

the earth protectit fr'()m absorbing allbuta smatl portion of thc ,avelengthsenitted by the sun (the electromagnctic spechrm). Of the waves that do rcachtheearth,onlv a very smallportion can be seenby thc human eye.It has been estimated that the eve seesonly about 1% of thc rntire electromagnetic spectrum. Ulhavioletand inhared w'aves reachthc carth'ssuface, but are invisibleto thc human eye. It is the ultraviolet p()rtion of sunlight that has proven b be the ntostbiologirallyactivc.And, unlortunately,it is lhc ultravioletlight that is thc most easilvelimin.ttedbv window glass,sunglasses, and clo lhing. The amount of ultravioletlight available rlt pendsupon thc locationon the ea:rth and the s(ns(n. The more atmosphereulhaviolet light rr)trst passthrough thc lessthere will be b reach tl)t iarth. llris is \a,'hy in $inter, rvhen the n()rthern lr, r)risphere is tilted away from the sun and the
'rrrr|rg|lmu.tp.l-"thr,'Lghml,teJlml,\phcre'

:-

r r-'r""1 ---rJ

"*":tJ

/li
Solarenergyand hydroelectric power. Window glass permils somewave lenglhs to pass through and rellects others.

27
there is lcss ultraviolet light available.At 40. ltrtitudc,ultravioletlight is available in the rvinter for only about4 hours (10am to 2 pm) u'hilc the sun is highest in the sk)r In the summer ul, travioltlight is availablc over a longcr period of time,from8 am to 4 pm. Studentsof history know that mcn ancienth, r p\- R \i th p -un.r-.r ti,r.givinAh"alin . gp , , r, c : From the ancicntGreeksdown to the begrrnmg ,'f lh ' 20 lh !cnlur\ ,'b-crvali,,rrr,.r" n ' a . lc , and clL.tailed rccordst\'erc kept, that revealthe sun t() be a positivefactorin thc health of man. Doh'nes and B1unt,in 1877,discoveredtne dram;rticabilitv of sunlight to dcstrov bacteda. From this point onward sunlightrras enthusiasticallv studicd as the onhi then known, effective meansof treatingbacterial infections.Niels Finscn,in1903,lvon the NobelPrizcfor successfullv treatingskin tuberculosis with thc ultravrolcr poriion of light. Siucliescontinued r,,hich re \'ealcdthe potent multifacetecl effectthe sun has on the human bod\r Singleexposures vsbe of a large rghr Ohr areaolthebodv to ultra\-iolet light l\,erIound hr dramaticallvlo$er elcvatedblood piessurc(up Solar radiation composition b a ,10 mm Hg drop), to lo$er abnorm.lllrhigh reachrng earth. blood sugarsas Iound in diabetics, to decrcase cholcsterol in the blood stream,and to incrcase thc white blood cells,partict arlv the lymphoc]-tes $,hicharelargell'responsible for the boclv's abilitvt()resistdiseasc. The favorable intercstof the medicalr,!'orld, in thc healin8 porver of sunlight, began to r,,,anr, rvhen antibioticswere discovered.Since 1939, r\''hcnDomagk\,(rn thc Nobel Prizefor succcssfullv treating bacterialinfections r,r.ith sul l Jr r i l Jnr id \. rh, ph.rrm.t,, l,,ri. (lomtn, rn . c in

29

Comparing wave lenglhsin the electromagnetic spectrum. medicalthcrapy has persisted.The sun's elfect upon human health has cometo be regardedas little morc than a placebo. The current medical concptpicturesa destructive sun, one respon.iblc for agingof the.lin I nd .apubl",,t , ausing rkin ran.cr. Re-cdrch slenrming flrn thir c,rnceptprovidcsa ch source of informationon the sun and its relation to human health. Undeniably the sun playsa nrlein skin cancer and aging, but is it the ultimateculpdt?Thc author became increasingly convinccd,as he studied the availableresearch data, that the highly refincd rl,estern drel pldyrlhc leadintrole.b,,lhin therKing and in the devclopmentof skin cancer, Process and that sunlight seemsonly to accelerate the problem. Chemotherapyin thc meantimc,is proving t() be lessthan the total answer to hunan diseasc that it was at first thought to be. Drug resistant strainsoI bactcriaare developingat an al.rrrrrnt rate. The inability b devclop an anti-viral.rgcnl h,rsl('ft lnanydiseases uncontrrlL,rl. trrrr11unol
dli\ \ , 1 . r si d (' s i n .c th c o rn ()l ,Irti l ,r,ti ' \. ,\ n(' $
NOFITHEFiN HEM SPHEFE

Almosphere for ult.avioletto Dassthrouoh: Winterfor northernhemisbhe;e Summetfor southelnhemisohere.

SOUTHEFN H E M I S P I.]ER E

Almosphere for ultraviolelto passth.ougn: Summerfor northefnhemisohere Wlnler tor southgrn hemisDhere.

3l
gaining prominence in medical research and thinling. And if developing the immunc rc_ sPonse.ol the individual assume\it\ pruper cm phasisin medi(al thinUng cunlighf\ conrribu_ hon to that goal will be recognued With ad vances in state health laws and sanitary mea_ sLres our majur problem todav i\ nut i,nc ,,r Inlechou\ disedsc.but of chronic deg,,nerrnre cll5ea5e. And it is in this drea,as wella. in thc realm Llf antibacteridl activity,thai the run.s et_ recisarem05t striking. lt be(omecrrbviuus when the datd are.tudied thdt the main chrnnic de_ generatir.e disedse\ are the very dicea\es mo.t oenerrectbv e\posure to sunlight. fhe author suggest\thdt lhe sun conLjnue\ io bc the F)lpnr, uJe-giving.health-dedling force for modern man thal it wds intuitivelyretognizedLube by prrmnve man.,and that separation rrom sunligitt wiJl resuttln dtsedse iust as 5urelya\ t^ill separatton trom tre5h air. lood and or 11ater fi, crpiain and support thi5 premiseis rhe aim uf Lhi. boot. visual light strlkingeye: n producl contrololmelaton on.
Ulkaviolel lighl: . body s res stancelo inlections(increaseof

cadiacoulpur

i'
t'
I

Summaryol systemicetfectsoI sunlight.

33
!-llil pler

Sunlight ond Physicol Fitness

' \ltt htrthd httl g.od lrit .l, u1t Sur1." _ J.ucs Drov Flcckcr

efore the time of Christ, men such as Herodotus and Anqvllus believed in thc beneficial effect of sunlight in promoting
Ihvsrr al filne.r Ihey bclieved that the sun ir'(ls the muscles." The Romans made use ofthe llrn in training their gladiato$, for they knew lh,rl sunlight seemed to strengthen and enlargc lln.nlusck's. Ihcrt' secms to be conclusive evidence tnat \!|llight produces a metabolic effect in the body lh,rl is vory similar to physical training. TuberI r'1,'\j\ f.rti, nt\ b"ing Lredtedbv .unbalhing lr.rv, l\', n ,,1'\,r\r\l to h,rre uell developed n r\rk\ wilh vcry little fat, even rhough they lr,r!(' nol ( \('rcis( d for months l|r,'r,li( i.tl r.lft.ts which arc apparentlv the knnr'..rs lllr,s| r,1xn ondurxn.c cxcrcise program ( ,t|r lr. ,ri l|'cvral hy .r sr.r.ics of crposurcs to sun llHlrl

34
Kes nSneartrafeaecreases
It has been demonstrated that after a patient hasbeenon a good endurance exercisc program for severalmonths, his restinghcart ratc bcgins (1); to decrease it hasalsobeendemonstrated that a patient'sresting heart rate w,ill decrease and ivill return to normal much more rapidly follo$'ing excrcise, if he includessunbathingin his physicalfitnessprogram(2).

Respir atoryratede creas es

Similarlv a patient'srespiratoryrate not only J"rr"a'e- i 'll,'uing an endur.rn(c c\crci.,.program,but it alsodecreases follor'r'ing sunbathing, and the patient's breathingis slor'r'er, deeper, and seems to be easier(3).

Lactic aciddecreases
Again, lesslacticacidaccumulates in the blood d u rin g e x e rc is cf o llo win g s u nb a t h i n g ( 4 ) (anothereffectwhich usuallyfollorvsa courseof physicalhaining).

Respiralory rate decreases following sunbathing.

Cellular oxy genincreases

The ability of the lungs to absorbmore of the inspiredoxvgen(andthe abilityofthc musclecell to utilize more oxygen) comesas the result of

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ri i :..

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35
Ellt tln

irts
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rd

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,ariFance exercises continued for at leastseveral Gir fhj. meansthat moreo\ygen i. dvajlable or-t}lrrerv to the mus(les whilee\crci\ing, and ! :lc other body urgans \^hile at rest. After l&'tss- ha\ tcen estdbli<hed through r pruffam p\erci\es.a markedimprovement ll etd!rance_ !t 5|( tevetot energyis noticed. fhis re5ults in d g:e.atJ| improved. longerpertormdnce in \ork ar ild! dnd al:o allow\ one to endure stress ru._h better fhis wholegeneral i m provementIn :.rF 5 phycicdl conditionhascomeabout 6r(1m an r:lpDr/ement in the circulation and its ability to .alrr Ufe-siving o\ygen out inLothe d\sue\. 5unlght seemsalso to increase the blood.s apaqry to cary oxygen and to deliver it to the b5sues, A striking increase in the o\ygen content oI me blood has been\hown to follow a single exposure to ulhaviolet light. This effect lasts ior inany days (5). Severe, intractable bronchial pdtient\ were able to breathefteely and .a:thma rne .otor ot their <kin returnedto a normal pinl lLJlloMng an ultravioleL light beatmenl (6). The Drue cotorot d seriou5lv ill pdtienlsufferingfrom perltonitis, paralytic ileus, and bronchial pneumonjd, retumed toa normalpink folJowing an dtravioletJighttreatment(Z). The mechanismwhereby sunlight increases _, rne o\ygencontent of Lheblood,rndits utiliza_ non rn the bs\ue\ may not be Lhe5amemecha_ ru5mby \^hich e\erciseaccomp[she> this same 8r'dlj lruL one thjng become)very (leaf aL fhis point: both exercise and sunlighi increase the oxygen in the tissues.

7,frN
-z 2Y'-/ ;:--

-->,2<'z(a;) t-

Respiratory ratedecrease followingexercise.

36
increase andendurance Energy
Fahgueis a common comPlaint toda)t but contrary to feelings, more rest may not always be the best answcr As statedpreviousl),a good exercise program deoeasesfahgue and increasesthe for work. Markedimprovementinone's capacity eniurance and working capacityhas also been (2).The fact found b follon'sunlight treatments that sunlight seemsto increaseoxygen in the tissuesundoubtedly contributesto this effect (storedenAnother factormav be that Slycogen liver and the in the is increased crev for thebody) (8). would This musclesfoltowing sunbathing observed. endurance for the increased alk)r'r' rnnximum potential. It may'r,r'ellhave, for as the it stimulates !unlight strikesthe malegenitals prrduction of the male hormone, testoste{one (ll). Testosterone is responsiblefor the seconlowering of the rl,rrymale sexualcharacteristics: dcvcland muscular voicc,growth of the beard, on musr)l)mcntof the male physique.Its efJect and bulk has been recognized r lc cleveloprnent lry ilthletesfor years.They have periodicallycxofindeasinSthe size with it in hoPes l)r.rimented ,rrrtlstrengthof their muscles.SunliShtstriking the Produc,rrrypart ofthe rnalebody stimulates It is when sunliSht shikes tllrrr()f testosteronc. genitalarea,however,that the greatest lll| nr.rle is realized(11). l'rr'(luctionof testosterone I{occntlya young mate patient consultcd me Being a muscle l\!ul his elevatcdcholesterol. I'rri lr, he was on a high protein diet and had diet ,rlw.rysbelievedthat a high carbohydrate t!o(ll(l not pro!'rdethe building blockshis body rl.rrlrtl. When hcwastold that the idealdiet, for wasa dict low in fat and hrwr'ringthecholestenrl, he 1'r,tlin and high in comPlexcarbohydrates, his fcar of He expressed il rathcrshocked. ',rr,rnt i r,t l\'ing nblcto contlnueon his musclebuilding I'rolirrrnrwith this new diet. I told him about k)werin8 effect,and ',rrrliliht.rnrl its cholcsterol lri'w il hrs bccn known for ccnturiesto have a rrrrrr lt t'rrilciing cffcct.The diet,high in comPlex would and grains, ,,"1'olrv(lr.rt( s with legumes in a mususc lr,rv,, .rll tlrt' prott'inhis body could r lr' I'rri|lirrliprogram. When I saw this Patient his cholesterol, atrlLrl rrorrlhs htcr andchecked It lr,rrl.rl[ r hy ovt'r30%. Hc l,n)kcdwell, tanf r l h r r s i , r \ t in ( b o u tt h ( r i , l . . r r r ,l r . r l r | v. r n d\ \ , n s \ \ r l l ' l r r \ r r r r t sl(. rrhi( \irrll l,t,,tir, l'r' vr'.rs

h increases r slrengt M uscula

Sunljght seems,also, to increasethe blood supply to the deePinternal or8ansand mus.les (9).The skeletal muscles underlyingthe skin get to when exPosed of blood amount an increased helPmg to This is imPortantin the sunlight (10). develop muscularstrengthand will alsohelp to prevent sore muscles r'r,hena new activity is undertaken. Another intcrestingPoint, relating to sun_ light's effectonmuscularstrength,is the rclation sunlight has to the male hormone,testosterone calledarena The Greekshad an unusualpractice beach *arm sandy nude on a fro, ---xertising htrxt is thnl 1{'as n sandv Thc reasonthe location ( ctrfl,ri llrr',l)r',x tir( rctlcctiv( hrs a goocl sancl
th,' y t' t l n' r' rr1. d, \1 1(,tr!l l l ,, ri rt. ' ' l l t' l l rl i f

lestosterone Sunlightincreases in the malesunbather,

38
building, for his rnuscles had increased in strength and bulk on the nerv program. He rvas paificularlv pleaseLl with the fact that he had lost subcutane()us fat and now cach indiviclual musclc could bc scen clearlv under the sktn.

Blood pressure decreases

Erercise canbe of greatbenefitin loh'eringthc bllxl pressure. In one stud\i h\.entv-threcmcn rrho had high bloodprcssure rveregivena mod erateexen:ise program.Theydid th'entv minutcs ofcalisthenics and thirty to thirtv-five minutesof jogging tnice a n'eek. After six months on this program, thry al'craged an 8o/o&op in ther b lo o c l p re s s u re (1 2 ). ln a n o t h c r s t u d v s i i hundrcd and fiftr -si-x mtn rvho had high blcxrcl :r "--ure rnir, diren,rnorr' \ rgorou J: - progrtrnt exel]:ise.It ras found that these nen had an average reductiur in their blood prcssurcof 15o/i (13). A studv done at TulaneUniversity,()n the ef fect of ultraviolet light on blood pressure, sho\!'edthat men, w,hohad normal blocxlpre5 sure,had a slightIcx,,'ering that lastedone or trvo davs follo$ing a single exposure-At the same time, a goup, that had high blood pressure, hacl a mark-d lo$ering of the bl(x)d pressure,that Itrsted five or six davs(14). It would seemthat a good exercise prograrn, combinedr\ith a sunbathingprogram,nould gcr a long r!'aykr,"r,ards eliminatinghvpertensron rn this countrv

Highbloodpressure is lowered following sunbathing.

: n !r!!

r:r ,r.rr

r.:,r

39
The heart's increases fficiency
r.ach bert. and at.o jilo\ in8 rh" .,, I::: neaJt -rl:"o more bmc tc,rcst bctween bcats.
A gor,d enduran.c .,\e(i.e prug:rdm \ ill not onlv lowcr lhp pulse rrtc but \ ilial,o rnLr".r5e rnc-cflrocncv.of the.he,lrt.dllowing it to pump

5unb.lltung.an rl\, in\rpaseth" cIicicncV i,t , lnp heart. In unc \Ludv Lhcoutpul ,,t blo,,d liom rnc hedrt r^J\ jn(redsedbv an J\prdgc of laoo in rne Sruup ot patipnt- cludieLl. thc inrrc,r.ed ourput c,,ntinuedfor fivc or si\ day" tollowing a \rngte uttraviolet lighr crposure 04). use dru8. ro \timutate lh, hcdrt, --ll*nl:". .i:::18 pump m,,rebiuoJ. rhercdruSr ',.j: be e[ minatedin cnuld p! h\iblv sUmecases if the p.rtrenLri,,ere t,, FLrllo!1 an activc c\eri.e pr,,6rdm our-nFdc,ors jn the sunlight.

Blood sugardecreases
Lrerci.e will lower thp blood \ugdr in .r cLrbefi! and,enabte the Llidbetic to re(luircle\- inruljn or mpdcdhun fl5). F\ercir al5u hplp\ th,,-e t^ith

5rabilzing rheirbtooo ru8arr 'ni".,b' LY:811:f rhcm fiom LtroppinH 1,, lhc poinr :1"ie.ej'"9 wncre thc\ e\pcrience alarmJng -ympt,rmr, E\.por!re
in normdl indi_ ,",rduats. but dr.rmatic in didb"dc. (8. lb). t hen Ine brond \ugdr drop. in diabehcs, it r\ man_ rrc\tcd.bv d reduction of.ugar in the urine. Blood sugar rs towcred by a process in u.hich some

,farir (au\p. d ro,r ering oi ll:.i11-rl: "n*lil rne btood 5ugar Thj\ is mjnimal

1o \unliEhL dppi.ars to hrrr,an

High blood pressureis lowered rolowing exercise.

. . 12

40
sugarisremovedfrom the blood and is storedin the musclesand Liveras glycogen,thus by increasing its glycogen stores, the humanbody can reduceits blood sugar. , Glvcooen = sugar siora-ge I olooo This process can apparentlybe achievedbv the sun's stimulatingenzymaticreactions in the bod)r Initially thc sunlightstimulates an indease oI the enzyrne phosphorylase.Phosphorylase decreases the amountof storedglvcogen. After a tew hoursan enzymecalled glycogen synthetase startsto increasc, This enzyrneincreases glvcogen storage in the tissucs white decreasingblood sugarlevels. This effectcontinues andreaches its mirrinum lcvel in aboutten hours (11.

lmmediate reaction
phosphorylase, Suniight therefore, ,, gtycogen - T

Delayed reaction
Glycogensynthetasestarlsro ncreasejwohoLr5 lo owingsun ghlexpos!re ard has rsmaximutrl ellecl allen h.!rs

Sunight 1 glycogen synthetase, therefore,lgtycogen SUgar l OrOO0 High blood sugar is lowercd following sunbathing. A hith levelof glycogenmeansthat the body has enough teservesoI encrgy to supplv prolongedphvsicalexercise. From this it canbeseen that it \!ould be best to take part in shenuous exercise on the day fotlcxving exposure to the sunlight.A singlesubervthema dose (before reddeningof thc skin) of suntightproducesthis

i.

r' r' i , f' r' ,r. i tn:' 2

41
davseffectand it may lastseveral Becausc of this dramaticeffect,a diabeticmay need to adjust his insulin dose when hc is following a sunbathingprogram.A friend of mine rvho has diabetesended up in thc emergency with -cverphvPoBlycemid. |-nn. 61 6 hgrpiLal his insulin need because hc had overestimated and then had taken a lon8 sunbath. Because sunlight combinedwith insulin can have a very efject, a diabeticmust pou'erful h_vpoglycemic \^ Bv gradualllincrea-ing ilh, aufion. -un[.athe dose the exposurc to sunlightand decreasingthe rea, ,,np .t hvpoglv.emit mayar,'id ot in'ulin. should to sunbathe who chooses tion. A diabetic alu,ayskeep in touch with his physician, who canbestdeterminehis needfor insulin.

\,

-> - (1il) :-

l'"1: -,- z'l]l '--

...//r 1 Nr \ \ ll
'

- TVns\

increases Tolerance ofstress

Docs exercisehclp us to coPe with stfess? condihons,adrcnalinis released Under stressful in our bodies, rvhich nat, or may not, be beneficial, dependingupon all conditionsat the timoDr Selye once subjccted t\'r'enty rats to k)ud shock,brightlights and general noiscs,electrical vigHalf of the rats were exennsed harassment. orouslyandrverein goodhealthat the end of ten months. The other ten rats h'hich had not been had all died (18). excrcised oI training and exere{fects Thc psychological cisearc beFinningto find a ProminentPlacein scientificliterature.Onc study oI siltv middle r g cd m en. rhot^ ed lhrl .rftcr an in t e n . iv c . Iour-monthphysicalfitnessprogram,mostwere

High blood sugar is lowered following exercise.

.'

:.:

' . . : . |. 1' |

42
significantlv more emoiionally mature, less guili-prone, more self-sufficient and more rm.rBrnJti\e.OIherr hd\e rep',ried incr(d\ing self confidcnce and self-image, ability k) toleratc the stresses of dailv lifc, mood elevation, and abilitl b slccp and relax. lnhoverts turned into ext/overts; personalities chanBedi and r/ith this change, camc the ability to ovcrcome faultv living habits such as alcoholism andior cigarette smoldng (15). Those rvho have had exPcrjence l'!'ith the beneficial effccts of sunlight, say that it not only improves the general healih, but it also stimulates the appctjtc, gives a leeling of $'ell being, and enablcs one to sleep at njght. Somehow, exposure to sunliEjht has a more relaing effect upon patients than sjmpl_\'lying down and resthg (19).Animals thai have been expos!'d to sun light have been found io have more adrenalin in their adrenal glanrls. Rcsearchershave assuned that this is beneficialin helpinB thc animals over conrc strcssful situatiorls (20). One very nervous patient of minc hacl tried r-. vi "ver\ lhind t,, cdlm hcr n"rve.: Lrdnqudi( tamins, minerals, and meditation. Nothing seemed to rt'ork. I informed her of the relaxing bene{its associatcdr{ith sunlight and sug8ested she try sunbathing follorving moments of emotional trauma. When next I sau, hcr, she rvas delighted with the r.ondeffully rclaxing effe.t of the sunbaths, rvhich far surpassed anv benefit she had found from other modcs ol treatment. She coniinues to bc an advocnte of the tran cltrilizing effect of the sun. ln Maxcy's textbood olPrc!.nli,re Medicit nnd PublicHrallh, an interesting exPe ment l{'as re-

Tolerance to stress is imProved sunbathing. following

:.tr i

L]'] ..1

j ]!]..

Ltr (

43
ported. Dogs were given a medicatron that wrlutd,tncr.a\cstomachdcid dnd then 11cre di_ \4oed.InL,, two Froupsjone group r^a\ c\ent\ed ano me other xd\ not. The dog\ thdt clid nnt e\prcr\e devetoped ulcers whilc thp ones thrt e\crci-ed did n,,t. Other rcsednher\ hdre de. scflmd m provementin ulcer \ymptom\ in pa_ .r tlent\ after Lheywere placedon'an erercire pm gram (15). Sunlight tel.m. t,, ha!e a rela\inAdnd \ooLh_ Ing etlecl on the -1,,-".11.rnd intc:tine.. A re ccrrch rcport from Russidshow\ lhai duodendj ut(er\ are gredtlvimpm\ ed dflcr a cour\e of.un lght trcatments dnd can dJ5o be prevenlcd hom reoccuring (21).

Sunlight andexercisebetter than exerc6e aLone

tefi of hedrt dira.e mav be the malor _^Ihctactor in rtimulatinE ppoplc to c\er_ Tonvahnq .r-e - dnd fur tood rea.on.lt har been knovrn tor some time that exercise ,,converts abnormal eiec_ frocardiogrdm. to normal ones, t22.2r. And a qtudy ,rt thc results of tombined runlight and ek\eRi\c \howed_that a group thrt r\ a\ gethng rne (unrlBil heatment\ with e\cn:i.e, h;d im: almo\t tr^rcea. much ds.hi,\^nbythcir ProveLl had Lhot who,,nJy crer_ :lf:r,ro(drdoFram:. _at treatmentprogrdm (24)

rhoush b,rrh sroup.wercon d sFn_ ::i" resurt erdl hcrtth

.:::i

Tolerance lo slress is improved rot|owingexercise.

_ . F l r r :.! 2 'l .' :r r ' : .r ff,5

45
Exercise is vitally important for the naintenanceofgood health.One oI the greatest causcs of sickness of both mind and body canbe found in continued inactivit). Whcnever muscles arc not used, they gradually decease in size and strength.The heart becomes wcakenedand the blood then flows sluggishlythrough the tissues. Many are dying, slowly ding of inactivity and indolence,in a diseased condition which no physician can cure. As these persons rob them selves of physicalactivity,they becomcsusceptible to variousdiseases. It must be clcarlyunder stoodthat exposure to sunlightshouldin no way replace a good physical fitness program, but shouldbe recognized asan impotant adjunctk)
Ifl

In one studyofcollege men at the Univcrsityof Illinois, ultraviolet light treatments were given k) half the membersof a physicaleducationclass. The experiment ran for ten weeks, and at the end of the period. the goup that $'as reccivingultraviolet light had increased their performance on the physicalfitnesstestby atmost20%, while the goup that did not receive the ultravioletIight improved by only 19o.There were only half as many coldsin the group that rvas rcceivingul travioletlight and their blood pressures showcd a distinct decrease.The group taking the ul travioletlight treatments showeda geater intcrest in their classwork and attendedmorc rcgu larly They Senerallyfelt they had rccr.ivcil ,r greatdealofhelp from the light heatmcnt\ (25). It hasbeen shown in othcr studiesthnt .r 1(,I tinuous, k)w-intensity ultraviolel e\p()sur( ol school children, applied by means ()f .) sllr,.,1 ultravioletilluminationsystem,mafk( !lt\ |||

( rcasedphysicalfitness scoresamong the chil{lrl'n. This effectwas most apparentduring the winter and sping months. The children, who rlid not receivethe exka ultaviolet light during lho winter time, had significant increases in their Ithysicalfitnessscoresduring the summcrtime whon they too, receivedmorc ultraviolet Iight (26). lmm naturalsources ( ontrary to someinvestigabrs'opinions,it is r()t the vitamin D producedin the bodyby expo\ut\. k) sunlight that is responsible for thc in, rr',rscd physical strength. It has been demonii[rl('d that vitamin D-deficient animalsdevelop rrrrrrrular strengthjust as rapidly as animalsthat ,rr| not deicient (27).So it is some, as yet, unl|lown factorin sunlight that pmduces the inr',rs('dmuscularstrength. ' Srrnlitht is bcneficial to athlctcs in training,for ll rr(n0nly aidsin the conditioningprogram,but ll .rl\()strengthcns the athletes' resistance to dis,1r! ll \',ru-" dn atl eip tn trainingi" rtres.ing lrl,,l'(xly k) its maximum, his rcsourcesto fight lnl(1li()rrs suchascolds and flus mayattimesbe !rr,rll I ho maintcnance of a strongimmune reo;,r,rrv, r'.rnbc realized dudng trainingwith conqlll( nt r,\l()sure to suilight, as shown ina study th( University ofI inois(25). '1,,h,,.rt ( )rx, ol r)ty palicnts, who is a jogger, com t'i s('fcringfromone coldafteranother. l,l,rl|lr,,i ll,, s,r.,.kl(iili(nr.rllv discouraged rvith the slow Inl, ,,l lrrrt'lr\s ht' couldachieve in increasing \1,(r\l.rnddistance. lrlr l(,lili!Iit I advised tum K) \l,rrl ,r \llrl,,rlhirrt pn)gram, and to try an un r, lrr, , l , lr,t |' r , , , r, t rirr, t r, , n \ ' i t h h i r t , , t t i n t l{ , I r, ll,r, , lrr' , , rrltm s rI s o 0 r rr r o l r r ln n ( 1 w , ithin llt , l, r' , r, 1 , rr, lr' 1 r, , . , , , ,1 ,r , , , ,o 1r r r , , o l , i , . r r r h r l. r s

tna6s 2

q h 'o n d Ph ys.r I l .r SL r n

47
been greatly encouraged by his caPacityto continually increase his speed and distance in his runnmg p'rogEm.

Summary
There is conclusive evidence that exposure to sunlight produces a metabolic effect in the body that is very similar to that Foduced by physical training, and is definitely followed by a measured improvement in physical fitness. Eflects ol several monthsol physlcal trainlng Eltects of a aerlea ol exposurea to sunlight

dmilar gradual and consistent exposure to sun!8ht must be rnaintained. Rememberthat just as one should check with physician before beginning an exerEiseprcso one should also consult his Dhvsician oeghrunS a regurar sunoauung program. There is some evidence in the scientific Lrterathat sunlight can inqease the energy level in cells (28). This could explain some of the sed physicalfitnesgthat comeswith expo-

to sunlight. Certainlysunlightis the source

energy for the entire plant kingdom and man also derive direct enetgy from the tays of the

.l Laclicacid in lhe blood

abso6 andcarryorygpn Endurmce, energy, and

ab$ll) andcarryoxygen eneoy and 1 EnduEnce,

t
ol stess T Tolgrance '

It should be emphasized that, in order to achieve the training effect associatedwith exercise, a gradual and consistent exerciseprogram must be maintained over a period of months. To achieve this 'training effect' from sunlight, a

49
a l fr r r p l e '
'..;

Sunlight Diseose ond Heort

ltll i|!'t Vtu lhat fear mtl Dntm shnll lht: S lt of httt h nl i r'r , r t t , , . i t \ ' ,ri rrr' .,.r' \.,r,^, Malachi 4: 2 ( KlV)

l?t

I rc"ntof rllpc.'plc in thc Unilcd 5lJt". fnun h.rrdenirg ,,f th, drtcri(-. heart F,ti | ,rrt.rk. anJ \fr,,ker. mdkinB lhi' gr,'uP,'f rru\p ,ltrrrrr'. thu le.rdinS ',I dcath. tJrl) -igrrt rrl lrr,.rr'idiseasecan be dctccted in the coronary nrtr,r'i|s of children as voung as fivc ycars of age, n|l(l lry l5 yr'ars dangemus lesions are relativcly lrrrt"r,|ll (l). At the age of 16-20,ovcr hall the of hardeningof tht' lr,l'rl,rlr(,n sholvs cviclcncc y.rrt(,ri('!i. I r,r(,r.|l ()fheartand artefialdis-ase, ||||lx t.rrly sLrgos trrr Ivrrlrr,rls rrsrrallv fccl no s),mptoms of the dist,'rr' Alll)(,uth th(ir (]lectrocarcliograms are r'lt, |l ||)frliv(, .l|r(l test rcsults,rcvcalingthe l' \r lrn l.rl irr tlrt trkrocl, arc usu.rllynormal for r(cr'ntcvidence llr' Anr' I r(,rr lx)l)lrl.rti()n, seems t,' lrilr(,rli llr,rl rrrnr.u\' lrfs()ns, hcart and arte15yrs. 15'20yrs. 5 yrs earlysgns dangerous over50%oi rt,rl ,1r,,,1u.',rrl rl,vi,lrpirrg nt nn carlicr and population esions has or hea rrrrlrIr,r11 lirl,rl rl r\ n()l rrr(on1|rr()n for Incn In hardening of d sease the aderes. llll.lr l\\, rlr,', l, | ,,llll,.rlrr,rrr l1(\rr t .rtLr.ks in Allr..i,'.,1,.!(,1r, 1r\Il (lis,ir\t,is,r (1)rrrlili()n onsetof atherosclerosis. Early ( r' lrt,lr ,r lrrlilr, r r n lr( ,llr,l l,rl in llri 'otr.rrt 'lt\lr,r,,l

prttv

50

CFO SSS E C TO N O F B L O O D V E S S E L

nlurv

bl(x)d stream injurcs the lining of thc blood vcs scl itsdf (2). The blq)d vessel attL-mptsto heal itself but onlv complicates an.l compounds the discasc in thc process. The musclc cell5 in the wall of thc vL'sscl are stimulated h) groh'and covL'rthc injur\r As thev do this, cholesteroland fat from thc blood infiltraie the nt'rr gron'lh. If thc fat content of the blood rcmains high, this until thebloodvcssclbecomes processconbnues almost complrtelv plugged. This proccss in the arte es takL'splacc all over susceptiblc to the bod\; but somc areas are n1()re injur) than others. l\herever a blood vcssel di vids ()r has a lot of curves in ii, th'rL'is morc sr! irling otthL.blood,more rlea ngactiononthe walls of the vcsscl itsclf, and more potential for injury Dcpcncting upon $ hich vital organ is in voh ed in this proccssof hardening, the cliscaseis knonn bv various namcs: in the hcart .t coronai\' or n heart attackj in thc brain a sfroke; in hypertension ()r ven lLrssof the the krlnel kiclney, in th arierics to thc legs intennittL-nt claudication (pain on rvalkint) or loss of the leg.

Cholesterol
Because the avcrage person believcs that cholcstcrol is in s()me way rclatecl to heart discase, vet understancls littlc more than this, rlc sh.rll givc the subject a bit of attcntion. Fir\t it is \,cll to knor!' that cholcstcrol is a substance that can onlv be found in mcat, poultrri fish, and animal products such as cggs, milk, and cheese' It is cntirch'absent furm foocls dt'rivcd from the pl"ntl'ngJ'm ru,h.,rfruit- r,g, taf i"t.rr.rrnt.

,'f*fliq@
of The development alherosclerosis

5r
Foodslhat do not containcholesterol. Foodsthat containchotesterol.

The human bodv can manufacturelis own _ cholesterol liom fats, oils, sugar, and even pro_ l cin. Biochelnisti, classifv cholestcro/ ar .i nember of thc sLeroid,,fanih:,,.Ihis fimily is a group of substancesthat arc similar rn therr molecular structure, but lery drfferent rn rncrr -.ffectson the bLrd): Members of this familv in clude cortisonc,sex hormones, vitamin D, ancl cholesterol. lt is important fu note that rholes_ terol an(i vitamin D are related,for.rherr a pre .ursor of (holcsterol (7-dehydro choiesterol) is exposeclto sunlight, it r|ill casilv be changee ro vit.rmin D and thcrebv macle iarmless to the body Notice ho similar their molecular struc_ ture is and hor, little chanlie is needed hr rrnnr_ rornlone inio the other. It h'as in 1904that one research scicnhst .iis_ c(jvcred that sunlitht u,aj, able b transform 7-dehvdnr choksterol to viramin D (3). I{umar1 skrn has aver) rich supply of chOlesterol ancl this cholestcrol keeps moving back and fortn Oe hvecn the skin and tht. blood strenm. If it is renroved from thc skin, then the cholesterol from the blood stream moves into the skin t() replace the cholcsterol ihat lyas lost. It has been n)und that not onlv docs sul1light cause a prompr an.l

' it

,*li'"'
..f l r, v{ah,n D,
Slructural relation ot chotesterol and vitaminD.

: r t.r r .,.r i * ..T 7 dehydrocholeslero n skin

i :e .

5
rIr rtr ,lrt reductionin the amount oI cholestcrol rr ll! skin (4), but that it also affccts the overall ,1r,,1,",1( ft)l metabolismof the \,!,hole bodv (5). \\ lr r)|lr, skin is exposed to sunlight,cholesterol rr, r.'l\,lisrnis changcdso rapicllyand to such a rl'. rl , \l( |lt that thc trlood cholesterotis de lt lr,rs b(on commonly believed that onct , 1,,,1,,t, fr,l is dcpositcdr)n the rvnllsof artcriesit tr,r I I I I'r,rncnt alteration. I lorvevcr, studieshave .r,,,,' 'tr.,tth..h,,lc-trr,,l \itlrn th. pla,luc\i_ ',,,..r'.,r_,1rht,. \\ith,h,,i(*t,,n,t rr rhebhr t,') l l! . \\1)uldopen the possibilitv of reducing . ()frholcsttrolin placluts llr, .,r,,r,r1f if cholestcrtil il| t1,,.l,l,!!l r(,nrained l()r\ cnough. \ '.tr' l\ \\'.rs cloneusing 30 paticntswho had r,.,,.',,,,,,...tIIL..||L,rir-. t.r(h.,f lhpR p,r,i,,nt\ l'1,..., | . 1,,,t, - t..,,,tJ,\, I u.r. ral , n hcf,,nlr .irrBt, r,,lrlllrrtr{..ltrnf nt. Bl.rodchLrlestcft )l levcls11,L,re l.'l' | .,ri,rrj t\\() h()ursafter the sunlight treat_ The drop in blood cholesterol ,!,, ,,t Ilr rL,\rrlts sh(xvL{ that thcre r\iasalmost effected by exposure to sunlight. ,|1 , L IL, r, ,j\(,in thL,trlocxl chdesterolfolkrwinEi ||,. tri.,r1,,(.rjt (S) ()rhcr studics w,ith largcr ,',lr l! r. L,tl,.rli(.nt\ show similiu rcsuits(6). L .,,rjj,. l,,rtr, nl., I hu\,e scen a rnuch more ,1r.,,,rtr, ,tr,'Jr i|l s(,rLrnr cholesterol anu rrr rlr "r.r r..1,, Irr.,,.rr, ,,,frunLljhrneal_ ,,,! ,,t ( rr,. r, , rt , ,,lcll.rcll,\\,as given sunlight r| ,rr,r, rji . t,jr J,, (1.rVs in succcssion. At the ', j r.'rr L'l rljL | | I .,II Ij I( I I \ hr'r chctcsterol ,as 333 ,ll I t,rltl\,, ri,l(.s lr,9 nltidl. Iour da),s ',,r ', l.rr!|,irtlr!,|r rrrq,lr,rrrgr, irr clietorexercisc, her r11ltr,,.rir tr,sh.rrl '1,, l, r,,,1.,,,,1 Lnkcnaclrama_ r,, tir,,ir[, t,, ,'] .,rr,t I'rti rrrgrrltrr,1,rr rrrIr,,1 | 1,,, \ j,,\,|.r lolrl!,r ,t , ir(il) rt,,,ttr,,,i,\t
\,trr" 'l lr.r\, l\,1 . , .,1 t,,,

Before exposure
IO SUn

rnedtately after
IO SUn
Ailer exposure ro suntighl cnore$erorn skif d min shes and cholesrerot n bioodhoves

l{ ","

krpealed .xposure lo sun

lr bloodchotesterot remainstow enolgh ro' a tonge.olgh lme .nores erottrom ptaquesmoves

Sunlightanclthe movementof chotesrerot.

54
models hr produce hardening of the artcrit's and fai has Ploven a Feedingthem cholesterol !, rr etleilirc {d\ L, \'ru\, hdrJ,n, J drlrri*'.'r studv \\as done on A fascinating athcroscler()sis. diet high cholesterol fecl a u,hich nere rabbits heatsunlight Half of the rabbits \'!'cregiven ments and the oiher half receivedonly ihe standaidroom lighting. The rabbitsu'ho got thc thcir cholesdid not increase sunlighttreatmcnts the reccived the oncs \\'ho terol lelels while -landardr,''rn lightin* haJ grrdr incrc.r'c\in thcir cholestcrollevels.At the end of the study exanincclto find out the animals'artedes\'!,cre clieihad high fat and cholesterol ho\a'much thc tho Therabbitsthat had receiveil damagedthcm. standard room lighting hacl severecholesterol depositsin their arieries while the oncs tlhtt \!crc receivingthe runlight treatmentshad arteries that h'ere clcan $ith littlc or no damage felt that the sundonc to them. Thc investigator light trcatmentsnot onlv Prevcntedan elcvated le\,el,but also Prevcntedhardcning ch()lestcrol (91. of th'arteries Oui of Russiacomesa rePort of the elfcct of with hardcningofthe using sunli8hton Patients arteriesin the brain. One hundred and fiftv patients !\cre studiccl and numerous laboratory atter wiF scientists, tcsts u'ere done. Rcsearch condimuch-imProved ncssingthc Patints' tions, Ielt that thc sunlight treatmcntshad turn (10) the paticntst()makea favorable causcd arc short'ingho\{ efC)therRussianscicntists can be in treating tt'atments sunlight fcctive in hardcningof the arterics the hcart. ChlestudY shou'ed that by graclualll,incrcasingPatients' abnormalelectlocaidaih' exposurcto sunliEiht,

,'r'xz_ ('- ?\ \1,.. -

\I, ' t\t

j. z-z \t*l --7.'t\--/.-u

'

t 7 lz, ,\f
I ' ^

r\t \ l

nomal bloodcholesterols

in andatherosclerosis Sunlight animals, experimental

5!,n !ll.i.n.lFcod

D s.rose 3

55
A
. ENJ

"rt-"t

diograms becamenormal and cholesteroland triglyceridelevels were lowered. patients who did not get sunbathsdid not experience these rmprcvements(11,12).The Russianshave also demonstrated that multiple short exposutes are more effective than a singtelong treatment.The electrocardiograms of patientsthey studiedwho were getting the multiple sunlight treatments improved almost twice as mush as those on single exposures(13).Multiple exposuresare evidently more efficient at 6weri;g the total body cholesterol. efficientat loweringthe totalbody cholesterol. I have seen many patients, suffe ng from an_ gina ((he\t pain from corcnarrdrter\ diseaset dndnlhersymptoms ofhdrdening of thearteries. make remarkableimprovement following the initiation of a natural diet and exercise p1(r6rarn. It seemsto me tllat patients,who take regular sunlight treatmentsin addition, always make more rapid progress.One seventy-year-old man. who ud\ suffc.ingfn,m \everedngina. made excellent progrcss on a natural diet and exercisepogram alone. He found he was able to \ alL much fdrtherwithoul the che.t pain,and wa' ha p p y \ rt h h i\ p rt g re s s . His p ro g re s s seemedto stabilize, though, after a few months with no further impmvement in his condition. Some time later he started on a regular seies of sunbaths and found that, again, he was able to make excellent progress in the distancehe could

Sun tht on.lHeori D cgose

56
sunwithout chestPain. ln my exPerience. an unt treatments in coniunction with d diet and exerciseprogram achieve faster more dramahc rcsults than diet and exelcise

capecity -carrying
growing amount of evidenceis accumulatto show that a lick ot oYyBenInay be a ing factor in the initial injury to the of the arteriesthat occursin hardeningof Itteries or atherosclerosis.A lack of oxygen to weaken the lining of the artery and it more suscePtible to injuy A lack of also ag$avates the injury and Preventsit

It is interesfi{3to note,frcm 15). healing(14, that wheneverthele is an in_ her study,

amount of cholestercl in the blood, the I is incorporated into the wall of the red cell, thickening it. This ihick wall males it dlfficult to rnove oxygen from the red blood

In other words, choleslnto the tissues(15).

mrkes the skin of the red blood cell "tough" $tGoxygen cannot readily Passthrcugh it to lnlng of the artery Red blood cells arc the and if clrilcrs of oxygen to body tissr.ies

this orygen,the lining of the Onnot release to iniuly moresusceptible Lxcomes bacnshownthatultravioletlight actualy
tlfa the oxygen in the blood and its

Hlgh levelsofcholesterolin blood streaminhlbll tranator of oxygento the tiaguea'

the It alsoincreass Fcrrrvlnrability(17). (t8). In tum whlch tissues oryt;n 6 the

. r n. n. .

. . r l ) . , . '- . r r 3 i

59
canPoduce more available .nergJi Ont- explanation of how thc sun increases the oxygcn-carryingcapacityof the blood can be lound in iis cholesterol-destroying abilibr As the cholesterol is destroJ'cd in the skin, the cholcstcrol in the blood stream is transfencd to thc skir'r,thcreby dccreasing the cholesterol in thc biood. The reciblood cclls' membranes becomc thinnerand passoxygenmore readil).Iloviding an adequateamount of oxygen to the lining of the artery $ould insure its integritv and resistanceto jnjury Atleast one study hasbeendone sho\,r,ing that oxygenin combination witha lo\i,-fatdiet \,ouro al'turllveffecld reFe--ion ,rf,rlher,*(l(.ro-r. ir rabbits(19). th(rcoronary artcries that supply the hcart l)ocomeplugged $,ith cholesteroland Iattv plaques.)Thcblood florv is restrictcd and the h('art is depleted of oxygen. Thc patient mav \ L rllcd r n B in du . r h e md vn o l. I h . . , , n d i t r , . nn , r y lrt'detectedby a stresstest or x-ravsoI the ari'ries of thc hcart, but many people\\'ithout the ,tid of such tests sufler from this diseaseun ln()winBlI When a glucosctolennce test revealsthat a |l,rli(]nthas a high blood sugar,it indicatesthai his bodv cannot use the sugars,and the bodv r rlls will be hardpressed to find the energythey ttrtd. The exactreasonsfor the correlationbelw|cn an elevatedblood sugar and increased ,rIh(rosclerosis areunknown. Whcna normal individualeatssugaror starch, lhI L)ody eventuall]'breaksit dor",nink) a simple rrrg.rrcalledglucose.Thc blood then caniesthe to the cells of the bod)' where, in the ti f,lrr(r)sc fl r l l _ L insulin and a tmcc element called t tI l 1'r,sencr'of lil r lrronrium,it is transferred out of the blood !tr,rrnr nnd ink) the surroundingcells.Thereit is 140 | ,r,rr)l(d into encrgl or storedfor laterusc. 120 Irr.rn individual whosebody abnormallyhan- 100 l rll,r srrgar,th('prucess cannot go through to 80 ]:I !E r rrrttltletion. His body still breaksdown the sugar 60 ,,r \ln[h inkr glucose,but it does not have the = nl'ilrtv lo rrr()vc the glucoseout of the blood 20 .lr,'.|nr,rr(l into thc ccllsofthe body Therefore, 0 llx tiu, os(,htlil(lsup in the blood stream to an 5 1 .0 i5 hour hoLr troLrs ,rl,ni'|ln,rlly high lcvcl. The cellsof the body l.i,l|lrlttlr( doprived, meettheircnergy rrIIr,.rt|i 'lls(.lvr.s Is l)v r)r.rnufncturing cnrrtyout of fat Notmalglucoseloletancecurve (n , l|r' 1 , l|r\ , , l|r, rll , ' r)r, , r' n l lil ( ( ' s , l h n l n r . r v l'irk following food or glucose l l ,' ,,,' ,i l ' l l ,,r' ,r, r,Il trl l . r , . , . , , r '. , \ lr r , lt r l iniestion.

Blood sugar
Anelcvated blood sugaris an implicatingfactor in heart and arterialdisease. Individuals$,ho have an abnormallv high bbod sugar suffer til'ice the number of heart attacksas do those rvho have a normal blood sugar Thev alsohave an increased incidenceof strokes.Gangrencrn the lo$'er cxtremitiesis 8-150times morc fre qucnt in theseindividuals than in thosc r,r,ith a normal blood sugar One n'ho has a high blood sugarhasa high risk ofhardening of the artcrics and of hrghbloodpre-.urp. In \tud)inHp.rti,.r)' \\h,, alre.rdl.ufIer hom a LonJiri.'n Ln,,r. rr .r ischemicheart disease, it is intcresfingk) n(n,. that 43-100%display an eJevated blooci sup;.,, du ng a glucosc tolerance test(20,21,22.)\) (lschemic heart diseasc is a fonditi()n irr s Ir( rj

ry

Li

x.
II+J

1l

,+ I I lrL
r+l

2 .O hours

60
dividual may not be ablc to transfcr glucoseto the cells ofthe body: the insulin which faolitates the transfer of glucose from the blood strean through the ccll wall and into thc cell miy be incffective, or it mav bc delicient, and chromtum which acts $,jth theinsulin mav also be deficicnl. l,l,n!l lry increasing glycogen levels. \l lirst, cxposurc to sunlight sccms to stimul,rt, ,llr ( nzyme called phosphorylase rvhich dcr! \ thc glycogcn that is storcd. Scveralhours ' r, ,rlli r i \posure a second enzyme glvcogen syntlr'.l,r,i is stimulated.This enzvme builds up (26). r1,,. 1,1', 1()fglvcogcn It rr,rs iound in experimental animals that r11 rr nas highly clcvatcd in thc livcr and 111r, rrrr | \ ()f those that were 6'rven sunlight treatrrrrrri,, lllNd sugar droppcd aftcr light treatrrr,rri,,.l,ut the degree of clrop rvas dependent rt\,rItlx strcngth of light ancl thc lcngth of thc ' .1r..rrrr'.Iht'bt'st rcsultswerc obtaincd when lr,ll' llr, \'isiblcand thc invisibleportionsoflight lrillr,r\rohi) rrcrc combinedat a ratioof one part ||llr.r\r'l,l lo ninc parts visiblc light. In other r',,r,1. rl rfrs found that ]ight sourccs vcrv simil,,r t,, llrt, rnrturil sunl;ghth'cre thc very best lor (25). ,.,rl!,lrf ,if.rl( nrctabolism l\ lr, rr {li.rl)eticswclc exPoscd to sunliSht lr,rl,r' rls. thoir blood sugar dropped and the ,i,t I ri llr| rrrincdecreased or disappeared en trr' l\ l lr,!, l,,rrcbodicsalso dccrcascd or vanr.,1,,,1 N.rtuf.rl \unlight appearedto provide the lr "l r',rll\ (15) ll,',\,.\, r il ..rnnot bc stressedtoo strongly llr,,l llr( ,lr,rlr( li. rrrrrst onlv graduallv and prohis body to the sunlight. A r|, .,r\(l\ t,\lJi)s(, ,lr,,lrtr, \\lr),lr(r'sfs to sunbathe should al' .r, r,r I rrrt,rn lrrith lri*phyrician. Hi-in5ultr,l,",,,ti srlllr,rv, l()bc rc[julated, as is empha',lj,,l rr llr, l),,ok's \oction on sunlitht and t.llr ,, ,l lrlrt... ';(\'p.rtcs 39 h).11

maybe Insulin therapy hamrdous

Insulin therapy js not withoui its Problems Insulin itsclf may bt' .r contributingfactorin the (hardcningof thc of atherosclerosis development evidenccthat thc arte es) as there is increasing th.rt arte al wall is insulin sensitive.It aPPears in the arterv lvhich, if insulin promoteschanges the long term, may Progrcssto ath'rosclerosls (24).

insulin a natural Sunlight,

The effectof sunlight on the body's sugn rnetabolismparallcls that of insulin. Sunligh into the r( ll Iacilitates the absorptionof Slucose th , , tih c b o J yd n d-rimL rlJ t c s c b , ' d \t . ' . ' o n \ , , into stored sugar (glv,(i bl(nd sugar (Slucose) of manv g)tt,,', u,hichconsists gen). GJycogen, is storcdin thr Lr\, molcculcshooked tofjether, (25). ti.,'t., It is the bodv'st'nergy and muscles ) irrt, .ril.tirr chaigc(i thatcanbeinstantly lllrr(, ' '
to mect deminds .()nditi()rs. ! i r r 'r '! 'r t i r 'r i 1 undt t rri,rrri 'l ' llr, rr1.rr rrr rlr' S t r n l i i l l r l i ' r r , , 'r ,

,\t
produces a drop Sunlight in bloodsugar.

62

5rn !t.1.i r.l le..

I !e.5-; 3

62
0,"3!","#|.=C:"'i11J""""
Blood pressureis directlyrelated to coronary hearldisease. nrortalitySeventy-three percentof the men and il'i,{, of the women who died had blood presrurcs of 140/{ or above.The higher the blood the higher the incidenceof sudden, I||1'ssure, rrn(\pected death. In fact, after thc age of 55, l (lividuals with hypertension were shown to rlr,vr'hp an excessive amount of vasculardis r,,tsr.s includingthree timesmore coronaryheart rllr,r'.rsc and occlusive pe pheralafterialdisease, Irolr.than seventimesasmany strokes, and lour l||rn.s as much congestiveheart failurc. High lrltr,(i pressure has more impact in causingdisr.n{ lhln any other isk factor(27). It w('uld naturallyfollow that decrcasing the Itltrotlpressure ofa hlpertensiveperson,should l ltr.rr t orrespondingly lower the likelihoodof hj s rft.vr'Lrping vasculardiseases. The first parnar r,vhl(ncothat treatinghypertensioncan prevent ldl.1l,rnd nonfatal heart attacks,comesfrom a rlrrly done at the Universityof Gciteborg in \1i1\l( n. Thc gmup of men who were treated wlllr ,||).rntihypertensive drug suffered only half llx. ltlnlx'r of heartattacks of thosewho did not rrtritv( tho drug (28). It would ccrtair y be a rrr'1lr l)f('nkthmughin the prevention of heart rllrr.rrsr' il wc couldeliminate high blood pressure ,r|||iilr lf,lin()frisks. agents(drugsthat bwer . A||lillypi.rtcnsive It[ r rrl |r r'sstrrr) arc commonlyusedin the heat('l llvlx rt( nsi()n, rlrr'rrl but theyarenot without lllfh ,rr!,,( r.rlodndverse side-effects, diabetes dtrl lliUl l'cinllnrrr(mg the mostnotorious. The rl'l',|lr ,,1 lr.'rrdling the treatment hvpertenof Inl rlr I||l' lli$'ntly is .ompoundcd by the factthat 'r' , ' l q|q , r l ll r y l , ( fl( nsi()n i s t 1 ' r n n r l , , r , ! r r t ,(,n / ,. , ' f
I t r , lr t 'n r r , , r r r r ' . I i\ . ||\ I I I I 'I |||, , ', |. , t , , , I r . Irtr1

Hypertension (highblood pressure)

What is blood pressure? Thereare two values used to measureblood pressure.The systolic pressure is the pressure the blood hasagainst the wall of the blood vessel while the hearr rs pumpingor pushingthe blood.lt i\ the m i mum pressulethe blood has on the arterialwall at any one time. The diastolicpressureis the pressure the blood has against the walls of the blood vesselwhile the heart is resting. It is thc constantpressureon the artery, or the lowest pressureon the arter)rThe valuesare expressed as systoiic/diastolic, or 120i 80. The relationship of hypertension to arterj.rt and heart disease was well demonstratcd in th( famousFramingham study.Itrevealedthat indi viduals with blood pressureof l4(l/r{l ()r lb()v( wr'rc found k) h.v( . !,uh.,l,rrtr,rllr inr r.rl)s(\l

lLjr 3h_.nl

l-ao. D r-A.r!-a 3

65
est 20% of the total American population suffers with the disease, with a higher proportion of blacksbeing affected,(29) perhaps as rnuch as 40% (30). Epidemiolo#sts report low blood pressures from persons who live in undisturbed and isolated communities in developing countries. For instance,at 65 years of age the nativesof New Guinea averaged blood pressures of 130i70 for males and 140/75for females. They are virtually free oI hypertension and its resulting shoke and heart disease(31).The isolated peoples of Africa alsofail to show blood pressure inceasesas they grow older An example of this is found in the nomadic waraior tdbe of Samburu which lives in isolatednorthem Kenya.The blood pressures of the Samburu men remain low until the men are drafted into the Kenyan army. and return to their previous low readings when the men are discharged(32).A study done in the United States revealedthat even a slightly elevatedblood pres sure seemsto have striking effectson the body A personwith a diastolicpressureof /85has twicc the danger of mortality from diseasescommonlv associated with h)?ertension, as does a person with a diastolic pressure o{ /75. Perhaps blood pressure values considerc{l normal by most physicians should be rc evaluated. Many of our "normals" ale more cor rectly described as "what is usual in a western ized culture". Atherosclerosis and heart discast, are more prevalentin our socierybut that d()(s not make them normal conditionsof thc brxly Basedon epidemiological evidence,a bIxri of 140i80, regardless of age, wou l(i nr(n( Pressure corectly represent the upper limits of nornr.ll. Contmry to most learnedopinions, diastolic blood pressureis appdrently nut more imp(,rtant than the systotic.Sv5tolc blood DressuJe is believed to noimally riie with age. But the famous Framingham study showed that elderly Individuals with high systolic pressureshad significantlyhigher morlality ratesthan their contmporaries with lower systolic pressures(27).

Enaironmmtal that factors tohighblood pressure Contribute

There seem to be many factors that play a rcle ln Altedng the blood pressureftom its normal V0lues.Immediate environmental factors which an' suspectedto contribute to high blood presaurcare: 1 Stress

2 Excessive saltintake 3 Sucrose(table sugar) 4 Fat content of the diet

'l he concept that sugar may affect the blood Iffltsurc is not commonly held, despitethe ret(dnh literaturethat supportsthis claim. Notice lh{ Intcrcstingcomment madein a letter to the t(llkrr of thc Ame canJournalof ClinicalNutrillott, "l'ht' rcason I remain convincedthat suttttttr rnis(.sthc blood pressureis becausewe h{vl, l)f(.n rbl(' k) raiseblood pressure at uill in tluf own l.tb by pft)vidingsimplesucrose k) both lIFr,rinr.ntnl rntsand human volunteers."(33) 'l'ltr. irllrwirrgchartshows the iusthow closely r.lnti(nrshipwilsrnnit)lnirn in thcstudy. tstdll|'l \, Ar llt(,rttll rr in(r1!rsr\l ',li,i llx'hlxrl pn.ssurc.

Supplemmtal sucrcse Smlday

Diastolicblootl ptessure, mm Hg 73.4

73,.3 100 150 200

78.2

:.-

!i

r r l H .r - r L r i ..:.

67
Fats
the first study of In1975,Dr laconoconducted its kind, done to demonstmtethat blood pressurecanbeloweredbyloweringthe levelof fat in an otherwisenormal diet. He took 21 human subjects between40-60 diets over age and fed thcm two different years of time periods.The first diet had trvo consecutive 25% of its caloriesin fat, the secondhad 35%. The usual American diet is 407ocaloriesin fat. While his subjectswere eating the 25% diet, there was a significant decrease in the blood werechanged tothe pressurc. When his subjects 35% fat diet, the bkrod pressurcgraduallyrose. This study suggestedthat a relationship does (34)cxistbetweendietarylat and bloodpressure lndependent of dietary changes,the following factors will lower the blood pressue. Injnutesol jogging tw'icea week. They realized nn 87o drop in blood pressure(35).Another study was done which used 656 mcn with high lrl,r.d prerrurc. fhe$ men \^ere.bv comp.riist)n,put on a morevigorousprogramof exercise ,rn.lachicvedan average drop in the blood pressureof15%(36).

JUnnSnt
Unknorvn to most persons,the sun has a (irrnlatic effect on blood pressure.In a study rli)nc on averagehuman subjects, the blood |r,ssure drcpped on an avcrageof 6 mm Hg \vsk)lic and 8 mm Hg diastolicafter a single lnrrrlight treatment.ln individualswith high lrl(xrdpressure, the elIectwas more striking. had the systolicpressuredrop as 'r,nx' p.rtients rrrrr,has 40 mm Hg and the diastolicby 20 mm I IU I his cffcctlastedup to five or six days(37). Ilr( l{ ussians areusingsunlightto towerblood ssu( nt their health resortsand are getting l,r, (38). nl rcsults ',\,,,il( llrr'r'r'appcarsto be a sensitivityfactorto the I I ol lhc sun, basedupon need.Patients with ',ll' lrtlilr lrlrrorlprcssurehave a drop in blood presrrrrr,.l tir)r(:thatof patients with normalpres' h'r', \ ( (,'.ftsp( patientswith lon, blood 'ndinglv, to l'r,!,rrr( \r1r' onlv onc-halfas responsive
(l ()) ' ri | l rl rl tl rl

Exercise
on the gencral ofexercisc Thc beneficialeffccts mentaland physicalhcalthofthe bodyare lr'ithout queshon.Manl' have taken up iogging and found the results to be invigoratinS.The tre o{ joggingshoesavailabl(' mcndousprolifcratron reflectsthe honest value the American PeoPl(' program.Exactlyho\! have found in an exetcise ourbodiesis stilla matler()fscicrl_ exercise affects has an eticct()r1 That exercise tific investigation. in . sludv demonstrated the blood pressurei,!'as of 23 malcswho had high blood pressur,' Ihi t * hi, 1r were put on a modelateexercise PrcgraDr nn(l .]o J' included 20 minutes of calisthenics

5!i ghtonclHecd ElBeose 3

.68
The abovefigure showsa normal physiologic at work trying to normalizethe mechanism pressure. Sunlightactsasany other natublood in restoringto rsl healingfactot in that it assists blood pressures. nornralany deranged
One 52 year old male patient came to me becruse of his severehigh blood presslre. Despite the fact that he was taking large doses of blood Fessrrre medlcahons,he still had an elevatred blood pressure. l brking with him on a sunbrthing proglam over a period of several nonths, we were able,to gradually rcduce his presswe medrcabonuntil, at present, it hre been totally eliminated. His blood pressure i^,lthout medication has remained a normal

high B.P

ll0/70 mm Hg. (Manypatientscommenton unbenefits while following a sunbathing m.) Our marn con(ern for this individual but alonB a lowering of his blood pres_sure, tre stept delighted lo fid that this, he ;s soundly and that his skin was smoother

|rrd healthier
Nlnety percent of the caseso{ high blood preslure ln westernized populadons have no apparcause. At the same time, it is a known fact many primitive people, who live out oI have almost no h)?ertension (31). It is that an environmental factor must be td and sunlight may be that factor.The

rekrd truth" about high blood pressure

becamemore apparentwhen the Marygrouptha "uncovered'a cortA8sooation half as often as fmm hypertensiononly

BloodpregsuredrcPfrom aunllght.

avelase mthrnal - thenudists. involvcdin the sun's llw cxaclmcchanism li llnknown. ! dmp ln bkx)dpr(,r|tun,

.r,.

!1'. .inl

r1-rr :-::-;.,iir

71
Som" rc*archer. feel thdt f,,llowing e\po\ure tu lnc \un. r \ub\tan(e is relcr\ed bv the \lin that is aD-orbcd Into the bod) dnd cause\ the .m.lll arte es to dilte, thus reducing the blood pres_ surc (4O.4t).fhe factthat.unning doeslower Lhe blood Pres\LU,e in a high perrentrge of case., le\hlreslh.rtsunlght could be u\ed eHecti\ el) as dn antihypertcnsi!p agcnt. Not only docs thc blo,|dpre\-ure di f, 'p 'llou ing c\posure, but.rl\o rnc nearrtdke5advdniageof the decrea\ed pre._ in "ure Lhebod)and.trrt\ pumpinA more blood. Thc ouipur (,t btood by the hearihr: been5hown lry an arerdge o[ 3ao.o in oler two ::.To""T Uru(ls or the patients tested (32. 421.

darkness of skin

needof sunlight

Thedarkness of the skin effectstheamounlot aunlight needed. vilnmin D in their diet and who do not spend ltnn in Lhesunlight. dre \cry \uscepLjble to ric_ h.t\. Bpforcvitdmin O v.asiddett to milk, Hesr rff, r' this statemenl ,'Of all rlceslhe Nrgro ls I trl susceptible to /ick..fs.This tendency rs so rl,rrkod that it may be safely stated that over rl)rl4' ofthe coloredbabies haverickets,,(44). 'li) vcrily this information, one investigator Ir'k l)lick and white ratsand fed them a diea that | no vitamin D. The rats were exposed 'Irlnrn('d hr .r vt'ry smallamount of ulhavioletlight and it w,rs (irscovercdthat the white rats remained h'.,rlthvbut thc blackrats developed ckets.The lrv ' \ ir* , rl, , r, , , n c lu d e d thatthe dark.lin pre_ vt.nlr\l thc ultrdvidettghtftombeingprotective. llx nr.rindisrincrion is as demonstrated bv (,xpcriments th, ,rnirrlnt _ rhatcolored infantl r'1t lr, n g(rtcr degree of rhe cffective lighr r,'y\ jh.Ir (1,,whircinfants.Thatrheypossess r!' r.r If(\lisp('sition to rickers is eviaenced ',rl ln!,(i(,'n I'y rlr,,ir from rhisdisorder in their

Racial differences
Sunlight can dccredse cholcsterol, high blood pr e - su r c btood sugdr,dnd the inc t d e n (eo f md[gnaniinterna] (dncers. lt al",rbuildsup im. munity to infectiousdiseases and provide;vita_ min D. With this understanding,let,s look at somediffcrences in human p,rpulations. Research has shown that th; darker the skn, . lhe hardcr it i\ ror \unlight ro pcnetrdtc.\cry ti,ttte uttrdvi,,let Iight may pas, through d,rrk ( 43 ) . This point came thr,,uqhl, , u Oa n . l - ].in (iear \ahena.li"ear calledriclet* na. o..rrrF studied. Cholesterolturns to vitamin D _ a vrramrn needcdfor proper bone formation_ whcn surr IBht or ultraviolet Ight strike\the \lin. !\ rrh.,ur thi" vitrmjn the bonesdo not bec(,me \.rt(jthal and will bend easilj. This condition is r.r (,,1 dckets. Dark-skinnedchildren, who do rrr 13,r

| | .rl i v,.l r,tr!r' si n l hc W ost tn . li( , s.The dar kness ,,r tl r, .Lrr r\ ,,,, ,t,,U t{ ,, tr , . . t , . lL, - , F Lh r , ! . tr" ,r' ,.,i .l ,trt{ trt\ , I t 1, , . . , . t t r , , 11r lt , r l ' r' i . '
r, r ttr.',\l ,Ir,!r,l ,,tl l .j ..,,LII|,.II||, III.,(,|,)

72
So rnany foods are now fortified with vitamin D in the United States that darker-skinned children do not usuallydevelopdckets. A dcficienry of vitamin D in adults causes calciumto leavethe bonesand theybecomesoft. a condr This adult diseaseis calledosteomalacia, tion which canbe preventedwithadequatcsunIight. Somecountriesdo not supplementfoods u'ith vitamin D, and blacks who do not spend a amount of time out of doors will considemble evenin South Africa (46). developosteomalacra, The cu'rent treatment for jaundice in newborn babiesis erposureof the inJantto bright Lights. Darker-skinncd infants, howevet have prob lems in respondingto this light therapy.Some have even had to go through the hazardous ex change transfusionto stop the jaundicewhen the light did not seemto help (47).ff sunlighl factorin heart dis were a cholestercl-reducing we would exPect to ser ease and atherosclerosis, in darker a greaterincidenceof thesediseases we se(' skinned races.Looking at vital statistics, (n therearc over 20% more deathsfrom diseases the heart and almost twi.e as many strok(" among blacks(48). Sincesunlight can lower blood pressure,wr wrruld c\per t lo \ee mure hi8h blood pre-\Lu, r . for.r . races. And this is the case, darker-skinned \i,'enoted earlicrin this chaptet as many as 4(1"' jnthe United States I havehigh bl(i(u o{ the blacks pressure, as comparedwith 20% afflictcdin ll,,' total population,and there arealmostlour linr ' as many deathsamong them from high hl,r !l (48).Onc study sh,,r , , I pressure-relatcd di sease that thc darkerthe skin th, hillltr lht' I'hr'l , , llrr' fl. )(l, , l o v c n rv h (n \ 1 r," , r, , 1 pr' c s s u r-r (49). woretakeninto consideration Inthisbook's chapteron skin Gnce!,it is noted tll.lt sunlight apparently has an inhibiting effect Again we would exPect n deep-seated cancersli, find more canceramong darker-skinned In consulting yrrple living in the United States. th| vital statishcs we find this to be true: 20% than do flr('redark-skinnedpeopledie o{ cancer (48). lhoir lighterskinnedcontemporaries on infectlousdisAgain,in this book'ssection rlrs(.s, it is shown that sunliShtseemsto Playan |rportant role in preventing and curing infecastube('ulosis.Again llor)s, cventhoseasseverc higher rate of infections ln w| scc a much of death peopte.Their incidence rl,rlkr'r-skinned Ironrinfluenzaand pneumoniais almostdouble th,rl ('f lighter-skinnedpeople, and nearly five (,18). tlllx s.s greatin caseoftuberculosis earlierin this chapter,sunlight As cliscussed blood sugarlevels.Thereare |1rll lowcr clevated lrtit I ns many deaths from diabetesamong (48). people rhrk skinned be a facI vi()nmentalstressmqt assuredly, among ofcertaindiseases l,,r rr lhr dcvelopment llr' (l,rfkcrskinned races(50).but it would not r,r'rrrl,r lre.rfactorin the notedresistance to liSht jaundiced newborn or the givrrr the tlr',r,rl)v (l lr, r',,r\( incidenceof rickets among black l r r l , l rr,) . ' sunlight is a sourceof energyand life, "l|r,,ly ,rr'l ,rlti\ ls ( \,('ry systemin the body Certainly ot nlr,,rLr tt)rs.rroinvolvcd in the develoPment ' s,t hrvc considercd, buta ll" \,I r,u' (liscrsL's eff{'ct 1," |' ',1 ,l|rhltlrth.rr,r "lri'r)i (l trr()rrstrxblc ,'. ,rri'rrP()rlrnt l , , ) ll r ' , , \ , i l , " ' 1 . , , 1 , r r r ,r 1l r , ' r r l , , | ,| || | r| ,| || | |rII l , r ,1 , , , '

75

Sunlight ond Aging

I )rltt 6 rlvt, d t A i t p h a ! . s t h . A t r s t. scal h t su n .' Ec.lcsiastcs I l:7, (NIV)

'llrt culprits: radicals t'ree

hcrl I mention the term lree radicals to lccture groups, some at firstthink I havc .\ rh'hcdtopi.s and am bpealing abr'ut s,r\ olrl" political groups- Understanding ftee in dcpth, requiresa good understand',r,1r,.'ls, ( h( nristrv and $'ould be beyond the scope lrli ' 'l i,l llr\ Ir(r,k In sinple terms, our tissuesare rr.r'l, rrl) ol atoms u,hich combinc to form rr,,l,! ul, s lrl{\1r()ns, which are part of the abm, n l rl .Ir,Urr,iIh, .cnter'()f the atom, much as the ' th( sun. '.'rllr,,rl'its \llr,.r ,rl,)nrs(orDbino, to form molecules, ilr,.||, 1, \ tr,ins sll.rllvgn)up k)gether in pairs.If ,,rn.,,1ll!,, l,! l'( is l()st, tho nroleculc becomes 'n( ,' lra. r.,,lr,,rl Iri l)'r'l)fts(nfe of oxygcn, free r,r,lr,,1,l,' l \lr,rji,Iri!Uslv in tho tissucsfr0m ,. rl,rr rl',l.rir,,',. rrrl'rlr l\)l\ ns.rt f.rt(\l f.rl

Oxygenatom

77
with
SherLn

.U-S.Y
J-i'/Jt

Yd,jtl with only

lnsallraled Fal Free Radical damageslssue5

Thc destructive lree radical's attack on the cell.

VitaminE proteclsagainstformationol free radicals This free radical formation is a commonlv ob when fats or oils turn ranci'l servedphenomena when exposed to air' This processis acceleratc(l bv sunliil-rt. Free radicalsmay form in the oil itselJ while it is still on the grocery shelf (clark for oil delaythe cffectof light) ('r glasscontainerc lhey may form in the tissuesonce the oil is eatcn Unpaired elechonsare very unsiable Thr\ reactibnormally with almostanything ck)scL)\' nearlyeverysvstemin thr'blr(lv and candamage s ol tlrr When the fint sfucturcs and molt'culL rcmnants the cell are damaged, Pcfsisl 'r5 irr L accumulati,rn',rllc J l' lrrt r' I | 1 r r acellula-r \ hr(rr ( rrrr. liPofuscirl Thesc m('nts. Pi8nx'nts,

{.t,n rlith a microscopc, increase with age, and ri' nr.rybe regarded as an indication of the age of lh!lk's. lhrth unsr1rt.,.4 and polyunsaturated fats !|! rr l() bc the main contributorc to ftee radical lrrr||l,rlion. Bccauseof this, most investigabrs in tlrr. I it' ltI of aging, believe a high Iat diet to be the ttt,rl rr t aust. of aging (1). As the unsaturated and lxrlyurr\nt(rft1('d fats increase in the diet, they rtllo Ir r([sc in thc tissues. The samc is tme of .rrlllr,'l(,(l l.rls; rs thev increase in the diet, so they ,l', ln llr iissLr( s. ln other rvords,the kind of f;t t 0rrI r,,rtsis srrbsequentlvfound in his tissues. I lrrr ( )|l,, ,, r (lislin8uish between the different It,li'n , rl l.rl\ lt\, rrotinS\,r,hat form thcv are jn at h0fl' l,,rrl,, f,rlrrr, S.rlrrnhd fnr\ ntu solids ar I'r'rrr l, ||rl\'r,rllr|r,. \!hil{, r)\,rtIt,rt,1l .rf| thi( l

7B

-.@

Physical characteristics ot dillerentlats.

are thin liquids' Uqui.ls,and Potyunsaturated are alarmedat the greatly Some investrgatorg fats of polyunsaturated increasedcor-$umPhon in todarrThis increasihas only becomepossible thc iast 70 to 80 years as man has learncd to extractthe oil from com, beans,and seeds For thousandsof vearcprior to this, man had only small amoun6 of tiive oil, a neubal {at, and satuiatedanimalfat. There is no prcof that Sreatbenefit may be dcrived from uiing liberal quantifes of polyunsaturatedfat. Many nutritionists and other authoritics, horvevcr, have bcen urging the general corn or safflowcr Dublicto use poh'unsaturated ',nargarines, dressings,and oils' mayonnaises, But Lecausepolvunsaturatcd fats increasein the tissues lvith heir increase in the dict, they are much morc available for frce ndical formation, indeasedaglngof hssues' and one coul.l cxPect their liberal use with skin, the includinq Dr Pincknev, writing in the American Heari Tournal,states," ..it $'as found that of those u,ho deliberatelyforced polyunsatwates,78?o dAing cd narled .lini,al 'rgn' of Prem.rturc -h,'rn than older much tooked (and in addition they (2). age)" their chronological Tis function decreasestissue As a bodyages, them rcplacc and sucs are unable to maintain selvesdue b the damagedonc by freeradicals This is true of nerve tissues,glandular and hssue,antibody ProducinB hormonc-producing ti\-ue' Thi\('rrl fi-sue. and enz\me-pr'rduLinB lhcir h 'l for'.r' i.rt.linlv b" r"*n in ih" dFPd, th( \' decrease, mones,cnzvmes,and antibodies n'flnri(nr\ ti) thr' rrr'rrr\' moresusct'ptibl(' bccorne . ,5) rn o lil. riy ' (3 1

Sunlight,oxygen,and polyunsaturated fatsall srcm to play a part irl this aging process. Then should man stav out of the sunlight, avoid fats, and avoid dccp breathing, ll()lyunsaturated k) dclay the aging process?We believe there rs a ltltcr answer, ()nly in the last fen' dccadcs. has the accelcr.rl('daging of the skin becomeso noticeable, esprrialll' since Amerir:anshavc incrcascclthcir rrl.rlc ,ri pt'l\ un\.rturdted fdt. lhi' in.rcascin fat has been in the form of rel\'lvunsaturated lirtt,cloils and not in the natural food products thnl r()ntainpolyunsaturated fats. Certain vitafirinsand mineralsthat prevent frce radicalforrrr,rli()n are found in abundancein the natural Ir'('(lstuffs. Thesevitamins and mincralsarc

renned.polyunsalufated Ia1d et

Food makes a difference.

BO
l.rrtel\ rem,,!ed rlhcn food i- refined.A- dn example:oil, when it is removed ftom its natural statein the wheat, corn, or peanut, etc., is devoid of the vitamins and mineralsthatwoulcl normallv accompanyit if the whole food were eaten. Thc \-itamins and rninerals protect the oil from fuee radicalformatjon, and are calledantioxidants. Examples oI antioxidants are vitamins C and E. A mineral called selenium has been shown to be protective. Carotene, the precursorto vitamin A, has alsobeenshown to stop free radical formation. An antioxidant functionsin one of t$'o ways.It eidlerprevents free radical formation, or it inhibits the free radical once it is Iormed, thereby preventing damage. Areu'c getting enoughofthese vitamins and mineralsthat protectagainstfreeradicallormation and aging in the tissues?

Thewholecorncontains:

Canaitamin C help?
wholefood
The Food and Nut tion Board of the United States has setthe recommended daily allowance ofvitamin C at 60mg per dayfor adult malesand 55 mg for fernales. These levels are not met by many people. According to surveys, including a recent National Nutrition Survey (6, 7, 8, 9), from 10 b 13% of infants, childien, and adults are borderline or below suggested intakesof vitamin C. The steady drcp in the averagedaily intake of vitamin C during the past 30 yeals in the United

!Lr l fr l .r-,.rar. r . r .r

BI
ser by ITT:^Tj::,] l :::- Board I re rooo anct \u_Lrition I ll) dsslated in the Inrrcduchonto their bulletin. ..not is nece(cardy aoequate.to meettheadd;tional rcquir,,men15 ol person\depleted bv djrea.e, t aum'atic .trerr, ,,, pflor dretary inadequacies.,,Becauseyitamin C pr.otecf5 againstfiee radica I formationof polyun_ sarurdfed tat5and alsoproLects yitaminsL anclA rrom berngdestroyed,it wouJd be wise to kepp rne hssues well saturatcd. pig. rr" ,."d in re.earchwilh vitamin . !-!h"o thel Iilc human.,needvitdmrn C. A :._T(du:e guinea plg.tobein go(,dhedlth bvanvstdndard, needsenough vitdmjn C in thp djet to keep it*,**d. AJrhough ir cdn gerarong wlrh l:r:: r4tamin ics\ C than is necessarlio sarurate it. nssue.. and .till not develop \curvv vet rt will run_intoreal troublewith any Lrncrp*cied.t e.s orlnlury
rnho haveLheir tjssue. saturated with .,ju11s r4ramtn (. appdrently dre in a guod po.rhunfo avord tree radicalformationanJ acceicrat*,1 hr_ However. rhuee who ha! e ju \ t l :"."i ,"9\4tamin enough C to prevent the symptoms of scuny may not be protected. Euman tissues can be saturated with vitamin ( rr oneroniumesa cucl dbundanl in frultsand

{r0r. rhe airor,\ ance

Sewces of oitamin C Poorsoutesi Dried fruits Grains Nuts Cood sources: Oranges Stlawberies '[bmatoes Grapelruit Dark greenlea$rvegetables

:i.t*?B

especialrv if rhc\carceJten un

Asubrtantial ! itdmin C lcvel can hcjp protc(t ,L free radir dt furmdlion r^ hen :::,I'i.r"'..tooT surtlrSht strike\ thc \lin. I here is nu pvidence in scrcntrtr( litcrdture to suggest that \mdller amount\ of vitamin C will give Lhis .ame protec

^82
oitaminEhelp?
Another vitamin that has been shown to be efficient in protecting against free mdical is vitamin E. The svmptoms of vitamin E are noted in expedmental animals and . Howevet the amount of vitamin E needed fiee radical formation and subsequent and the amounl neededtopreventa defimay be different. one studJ, mice were tested for lon8evity being fed diets containing either saturated polyunsaturated fat. Each was glven more n enough vitamin E to prevent a deficiencjr mce on the polvunsaturated fat diet reand were grven, rnore vitamin E. As the very apparentthat the went by, it became oils were pol''unsaturated being fed the sooner of old age, than thg mice on th. ted fat diet. Thouqh none of the mice tloPed signs of vitamin E deficiency thc ones ihe polyunsaturated fat were aging more

y 03).

mans, with their longer lives, may acthe aging damagedone by free radicals mrny years and yet show no siSns of vitaB deliciency. ifithe thc levelof unsatuated {at increases protect the morc vitamin E is needed to tcd fat ftom the aftack of free radicals. that accumulate mote unsatulated fat, aa thc tcstes, are the frst to be damagedby lrcc radlcals when the diet is deficient in

(1{). ts

Polyunsaturated fatand aglngof exporlmcnlal anlmalt.

of unconsumption the PercaPita 1909 (vc8et6ble) fat in An('ricnhasSreatly

ti _ .r..rrrr4

B4
increased. From 1965through 1972,the total fat incrcased by ll gramsPer Person, consumPtion fat. 11 giams were vegetable Ten of the per dqr (15). Amcricans conOne was in saturatedfat fat now than they sume more Polyunsaturated did in 1900,yet they get proPortionatelyless vitamin E (16). The Food and Nutrition Board's rccom mended dietary allou'ancessuggestsan adult of 12to 15mg Perdq. The vitaminE requirement avcrageAmericanhowevertakesin only 7.4 mg per day (17). RecentBritish studies have shown that the vitamin E content of the avcrageEnglishman's dietis lessthanthat iecommendedbythe Bdtish (18). healthauthorities Saurrcs of litamifi E

vegerabe fal (!nsaluraled jal (10gms ) or poryunsaldrated

. e rd a y 1 1q m s p n c re a s e n talconsumplion lrom1965-72

in vegetable fal Increase consumption.

Animal products Processed refincd foods Cood sources: Wholc grains Freshvcgetables whole nuts and seeds and refined, vegctable After being processed oils have lost much of their vitamin E. The bvproductsof the refining and purificationprocess are sold for human and animalsupplernentation F. and s.r.re.rs a souner'f nrturJlvitdmin sourceof vrtamrn Whole whcat is an excellent E until the germ is removedand the remaining

rr!' :t

.rf.r i ! flt a

B5
wheat flour is bleached.One should be aware that considerable vitamin E is lostalsoduring the pmcessing, storing, packaging,and freezingoI food. A Feat dealofvitamin E canbe obtainedfrom natural foodstuffs - fruits, grains, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. Iherc necdbe no concernabout freeradicalformationin the lissues from unsaturated fat if that fat is eatenin its naturdr rorrr rather than as Iree, refined oil. The natural foodstuffsthat containlar8eamountsof vitamin E give man protectionfrom the sunlightby prevcnting freeradicaldamage. vitamin E

ult hr' nil hc sh

recommended da y

acllal ntake ot average

Canselenium help?
Seleniumis a trace mineral that has been shorrn to hclp in preventingfteeradicaldanage. It is ablc to substitutelor \.itamin E in certain deficicncv problems. VitaminE /rc.ps freeradicals from forming; n'hile seleniumhinders the free radicals from doing damage dlrl thev havebeen formed. With an adequateamount of vitamin E, the need for seleniumin the diet can be decreased considerabll'. With the use of refined, poll'unsaturated fat, the needfor,"iiamin E \\.ill indease proporhonately and cancause an increased need for selenium.If thc vitamin E preventsthe free radicalsfrom forming in the tissucs,it can be readilv seenthat the nccd for selenium would not t'e geat, asthereu'ould be no frcc radicals to destroy. Recommended andactual intakeol viiamin E.

i,

llt .

r ta

87
selen um defcienl cow (wh le muscled sease)

soleniumand vitamin E. A perconliving in one of theseareasand eatingproductsgrown exclusiv('lyin the localareashould consulthis physir i.tnaboutsupplementing his dietary selenrum.

selen um del cient panls

Ahelp? Canaitamin
Mtamin A is not found in the plant kingdom, lrtrt its precursor,carotene,is, Carotenecan be l,r1'ken down in the body to form vitamin A or it r,tn be stored as carotenein the tissues,Large nrtl(runts of carotcncmay be consumedand rlored in the hssueswithout any toxic effect, r! hi l(' vitamin A, taken in large amounts, may be l{('rentl)t carotenchas been shown to play a r ,rlrr role in preventing free radical damage. llris was first discovered in a study ofplants, by h,ir.r)tists who found that chlorophyll could ttrrrltrgo free radical formation with resulting ,l.Ir.rgc to thc planttissues. Carotene wasfound l" lle lhc agcntin the plantsthat prctectedthem , r[ . ri|l. lf r, . crrd ic d la t t a c k s (lq). When invesllt i. rt (, rsg . rv c e x p e rime n t a l a n i m a l s e x t r a r( , thcv discovered thatit alsohad a major ',r,,i, ( ff('ct against free radicalsin anirnal I'r,,i,\tivt
lrii' r(s (20) l\l,l|r! l)(!)Plc in the United States do not get ll, \ril.rnin A or carotene.A ten-state nutri' 'Ulllr y ll,,r ',Urvi l)y thc center for Disease Conhol, lr,lDrirx.|ll ,,1 I Icalth Fducation and Welfare. (l (i( li( it n( y in this counhy ,lli, ,,\ { r'.,i ,r nr.rrk( t.'tl

Sources of uitamin A or calofene Poorsources: Grains(except corn) Processedrefined foods white flour, sugar, Vegetableoils (almost no vitamin A). Musclemeats Nuts Common vegetables Good sources: CaIIots Sweetpotatoes Melons Squash Apricots Peaches Corn Bananas Pumpkin Dark greenleafyvegetables

se enium - def ic enr s oii

Seleniumdeficientsoils producediseased cattle.

Manyareasofthe world havc soilsdeficientin selenium,and food crops grown on thesesoils ,onlain only rracer,'ftfu\ miner.rl. If therci.,' wide distribution of food that is grown on soil c,,n h in r ngan adcquate amounIo[ -c lc n iu n r there will be no seleniumdcficiency problem. A problem existswhen a population lives on th,, food grown in an areawherc thc soil is dcfici('nl in this mineral. in the United Stntes.rr,l Thcrc arc largeareas other countrieswhere the soil is so deficientrr, sclenium that farm animals develop a tvl., ,,l muscular dyshophvcalled white musclecljsirr',, Ihi'so anirnals can be cured bv injf c t io n ' r, l

8B
Many fruits, such as orangesand bananas, are and dark grecn,yellow or orangevegetables Carotenegives the rich sourcesof carotene, melons, sweet bright color to carrots, Potatoes, and squa-h.pumpkin,apricot5. Peache' )ellow .om. Vciy little vitamin A is lo't during their cooking and processinS There is little excusefor when a wide developinga vjtamin A deficiencv choice of foods is available fr'om the grocel thc veararound, Grains (except for vellou' corn), white flour' oilshavc almostno vjtamrn and vegetablc sugar, miats, nuts, and many of the more A._-Muscle such as beans, fruits and vegetables common h a v e , ' n ly min o r p, , lrl' , . s p e rr- . rn d a p p l,s amountsof vitamin A.

Sunshine brings beauty

With a naturaldiet (eatingthe food as grown), llx tissueswill be packedwith the proper vita||rins. Sunlight can then b ng a healthy glow, nn(i at the samc time keep the skin soft and ll' \iblc. Dr RobertBndlev writing in his book, l I t(hnnd CoachdChilrlbi,'fh, makesthe point that Ni,rncnwho sunbathenude have more flexible rlirr .rnddo not needto be cut in orderto prevent l,\rfinB at childbirth. Hc states,"I have had the for professional Itt iviL'geof actrngasobstetrician |l|lrlists, and from the physicalstandpoint,I |,rlrl(l not arguewith those sun-tanned-all-over rr, Their skin is more flexible,lessbrittle." 'll1r,rs. ll i(x) much sunlight is received, it can have a rlnirrg t'ffect, and onc may occasionally have ll,rLirg, .lry skin. Exposure to the sun shouldbe beginningn'ith only a few minutes 1ttr1i|t'ssive, n tl,ry skin that doesnot get sunlighthas a pale, tone and no amount of cosmel',r!trl Lrnhealthv ll,',,,rr nrinric the hcalthy glow,that the sun can lt tho tissues of the skin are satunted with [r\, llr, rrrrlss.rryvitamins,the sun will not age the (l Ir. l\rl ( nhancc its bcauql

All worktogether
There are nunv vitamins and other substances in unrefint'd wholt'foods that can protect us h(nn frce radical formation and its aging effects Sunlightcan inf]ucnce the formation of free radi cals ancl accel-raieaging of the skin only rvhen the tissucsare deficjentin thc Protectivevitamrn! and natural substances. The blcssings ol y,)unB.r-1,\'kingslin Jnd of l.,nAevih 'rre botn dr.l.rt, herc. Onc \tud) sho\^\d lh;i.'lder pcr sons whohad lou blood levels ofvitamins A ar1,l C had a higher moriality rate than diLl Pcrsons l,''ith higher A and C levels (2).

91
atscolef

Sunlight ond Concer

tr tti' hulchs he hns!it.h.d d ttnt ft) tl| su,t. tthill is h\' I hrl.tn\rn &ktiag lotth ft.nt hi. paltilLan,ljkt d ,htut\,rihiitnry htu his Nut..c " Psaln, 1q , 5 lNtV)

h|re are rereral good algumcnt- to \up.

{o

p()rt the view that sunlight may be one of the f.r(lorsthat contribute to the development of rlrrr r',rncerIt is clearlyestablished that skin | ,rr( t.r'()acurs most often on those areasof the lr \ lv r'\p()scdto sunlightsuchasthe head,necK, ,rrrrrs, .rnrl hands. Races of people tvith darker L[ vcl()p less skin cancerthan the lighter "lln hltnrx\l rnr(s. Among the light-skinnedraces, llrlrt t llr rvork outdoorsor live in areasof the r\1'rl,l rvllr'r'r'r)r()rc sunlightis available, may get
M,l|rv ,r\irn,rl cxperiments have been done lh,'l !lro\\ ll'lvi{)lot light to be a factor in skin Wlt(r) r'piri|rniological and animal ex','ll,,.' nr,rl ,l,rl.r rlt considt'rcri togcther,there lr.rr,rx
, . | | , | \ ' I r ' . | | | , - .| , , I . I | | | | ) i I r I | . . | | , | , I , { | I I , , I I I i r - l_ ' ' '

Su.lght cn.] Concer 5

93
directly related.In other words, if yoll (dn from being formed, you can 1.."""..,"d*]r mtly reduce sunburning. This has been of.experiments involving : i ""Tb"l

-+ t skincancer rurning -i t freeradicals

Burningmaybeinoolaed
The exact mechanism of how sunlight conhibutes to skin cancer formation is unknown! Chronic sunburn majr be involved. To induce skin cancer in experimental animals, largertlEn-nornral dosesof uJtraviolet light are 6ven over short periodsof time, burning the dnimal. There i< some e\perimental evidencethat the same amount of ultraviolet light given over a longer period of dme mdy not be ds effe(tivein producing skin cancer(1). Some hurfrans are very .sensitive to suntight and will burn easily.Blond and red-hairedpersons seem to be most troubled with chronic burning. Skin cancer patients appear to be very sensitive to sunlight. They sunbum more easilv and the bumed area takes longer to heal. They tan less easilythan health)acontiol groups (1,2). When buming tales place in the skin, free radicals are formed (3). In reviewing the chaptfr on aging, we can see that it is the free radicals that do the damagein the aging process.Frcr. radicalg are also responsibk'forthe damageinvrrlvedIn runburnlng, Thr.amount of frec r.rdir',th ftrrmrl In tho llln whln lt ls exposto r0

humansandanimab(4, 5).

\J

,/4
\.---._

nlightmay chan4e cholesterol o4 cancer-produiing

tance
When ulhavioletlighr strikesthe skin, chotes_ O-lrnay be,chdnged into many different prod_ cau6e cancerAs noted in the previouschaptsee radicalformaLion apparenly canbe inhi-

.,',/

l-

\N\. \'

, One of these products, chotesteroi aiiha_ e, E known to actalsoa! a freeradical and by certain nutrients inihe diei.

oftheland
Thereislittle doubt,in the research literature, whether.or not a high fat diet promotes a -b andearlier incidenc-e of

"ki. oletught(5,7,8). ";"";;;;; Not only skin cancer but Ind coloncancer as well, seemto be in_ nrad.by a}righfatdiet.In.r"aringth"J,rr,", Stadletof expedmental animals"will increase

lnclde-nce of cancer; ,"a

tolf ol.caloriesare fed to all -r,"rir,"l"-" e\perimental

, theanimals r"."iui"g thJ

r$ llBht, rnd thr lrndrncy trr lhrt .kln b burn,

c{fcct In Bdmulating ca n"u,fu.rnutioi.,'f-St.

lnc most cancer Fat seemsto -;ii;i, have a

5!.lqht dncl Con.er 5

94
of experimental Percent withcancer animals
a5 75 65 55 45

much When one eatsa refined diet frcm which haveteen of tfre Uult, fiber, and water content carofles removed, it is very easy to get too many cancer unJ.utt it .l.t oi incr"aseJinodenceof " in the left are fiber and full tf tne anJ of oUesitv. beoccurs usually of t,u"ess i*a, u ""tt"itiot-t fore too nrany calodesare consumeo skin li is not oiy the dietary fdt that PromolPs dicancerformaion, but also fat or oil aPplied >unbathing is why r".if" t" ,ft" skin { l0). This irin'n. o"u^, ot oil *nnot be recommended' fol they may stimulate cancertormauon

Polyunsaturated fat.
calories Increasing

of exPerimenlal Percent withcancer animals

65 55 45 35 25 15

% ol fat lncreasing lncreased calories and lat atfectcan@r incldence

Not only does saturated fat stimulate cancer formationi but unsaturated or pol]'unsaturated iui *itt ao tft" tu-". f" many casesin scientific fatsare shown to the Pol)'unsaturated literatuJe, stimulatecancerformahon more aDoarently (l D) The oL'.Uu ,fti. do the saturatedfats l' ,irore unsaturated the fat, the Sreater seems lts by abilitv to stimulate cancer formation caused study ln one drugs o.."n.", p-ducing .ur'rli'*h, ten doneit the University of \ bstem Ontario (o useo differentfdtsof varying saturatlonwere which one would Producethe most del.etmine The .atuated fats Producedthe smallcancers. est number of cancersand the poll'unsaturateo fats produced the most (10. oils Nitice in the following chart that PoPUIaJ a pmduce each like com, olive and cottbnseed high incidence of cancer'

95
:hmuch aalones .tt in the
:L-uIS bc-

.rt(-s skrn ,FIieddirbathinE nded,for

Re p ,'rt. from uther part.,,f t h e rru rld a rc , l l nkr n g p,\tyun-.rlurrt"dfJt \^rih md lit s n d n t melanoma (13). Although the numbero{ patients studied is small, somefeel the public shoulclbe madeavr'are that thete is someevidence that the usc o{ polyunsatuyated fatsmay promotemahg_ nant melanoma (14). The increasecl use o{ polyunsaturatedfats may be related to thc chamatic increasc in rnalignant melanoma.

Diet containing various lats

Butls

20o/ool

Total cancers JL
91 10,

Ia roL !9!ese94 r conoil 9ov!99! o I

122

How polyunsa turated fats contribule to cancer formation

The question naturallv arises as to why polyunsaturatedfat lvould causemore cancer Itlrn \dlurated fal.I hcreare-er crrI mechani--nr that may be rcsponsiblefor the increased incidcnceof cancer with the use of polvunsatwated fat. Dr Otto Warburg, tr,\,icewinner of the Nobel Prizein Medicine(i1931and1944), discovered that normal cells in the body obtain their energy by "burning" sugaror glucoseto carbon dioxidc and water Cancercells,howevet alwaysobtainpart of their energy by changingthc sugar only k) lacticacid,a relativelysimplestep,and not continuing the p()cess on to carbon dioxide and \^.rterll5). O\\ten i- rrquired rnhen-ugar i* burned to carbondioxide and h'ater,but is not requiredwhen the sugaris changed only to lactic acid. Cancer cells stop h.ith the production of lacticacid,for thev havebeendamaged,and are no longer able to burn sugar efficientl-v,all the wav to carbon dioxide and water. There is a com-

tla t!1

124

|iltufated ! s.ientific

: l2). The ' ieems its ..rusedbY I onestudy rre used to the most I the smallrnsaturated Npular oils r Producea

SLr ght ond Co.cer 5

96
sugaror glucose
plicated set of reacfons between sugar or glucose and carbon dioxtde and watel; nearly 30 stePsare involved. This plocess can be easily interfered with. A very small amount of energy is obtained when sugaris rnerely rnetabolizedto lactic acid in comparison with the amount produced when it is burned all the way to carbon dioxide and wdter All cellsneedlhis gredterenergyto maintain normal, internal structures and funchons. Cancer cells are thus unable to maintain the normal cell structure and function. Normal cells communicatei!'1th each other through intricate channels and are able to stoP abnormal cell division and wild growth. Cancer cells have lost this ability to communicate be causeof their poor sbucture and function (16) Nornal cells have been removed from ex perimental animals and Placedin a culturt wheie they will grow and divide. If the oxygen that is available to these cells is reduced, th( normal cells will becomemalisnant. If thesecells are again placed in the animal's bod), they will devetop and destroy the animal with cancer (17) When the oxygen is cut ofJ from nonnal cells, they are damaged,to the extentthdt they are n(l longer able to burn foodstuffsdown to carb(nr oxygenis neededf(rf dioxideand watet because this reachon.The cellsthen have to dePend uP(III the energy obtained from metabolizing sugar t(l ( rr lacticacid. which doesnot suPPlyadequate ergy to maintainnormal structuleand firn.ti(tl As a reslrlt, the cell turns cancerous, Dr Warbury believesthat any agent that i'r jures the ability of the cell to burn foodstuffsli, carbondioxldeand water js a cnncL'r-Pnxlrkrr')i

carbondloxide and watet

. comprox rcacron . oxygen rqutreo . 3S u n i l s o l e n e rg y . no ma rc e ns so

t*
of mallgnant cell. 0hatacleristics

of normalcell Metabolism

sugar or glucose

l8ont (18). Since this reaction requtes oxygen, Iny ogcnt that inhibits or stops the supply of 0ly8('n would be cancer-producing. Any agent fut inhibits any of the steps in the complex plluldr r!'actionwhich endswith carbondioxide Inal w,lt('r would also be cancer-producing.

lactic acld
. relatively simple reacllons . requires no oxygen . lwo u n i ts o l e n e rq y . cancer cellsslop here

use storyedW Vgcln free

Inr|(i. lht.ct'lls of the body are hny structures Insidethe.st' mikrchondda llerlntllrr'honclria. (lir)xido l{, , ,rrlr{nr burn('d fltt bnnhIx'risluffs,rrt'

of cancercell l/letaboliam

'Ga /ZZ'fZ 1OZ) okgsot dn gr.rruepoqs 'tel polernlesun{lod lo urol /%ts sue,rt aql uooirqoq ocueraglo ol dn saugeS:eu srcpuP .lqpl.gr,\ prlos pue 'slPI s rrl %9 ot dn a,req,reru 1o pmbl arn4 'rr1ro] sr'/r-4 aql le] suej.i pelernlesunA o0 - tej sr eql prll.r sr rdeqs sr adpqslq8rerlsaqt 1luroJ soqsasroqIernlEulrql arnl:'ruls ajrl-urPqr t= rt=EEf +q8lprs e ot adpqsaoqscsroq Ipmtuu aql LuorJ eq}JoJLuos paSupqrsl ]pI prlernlpsun,{l()d 'ssJr -ord slqt Suunc 'rsn prpurtul stl uodn SuIpuJd lel slc peiErnlesun puE pazuopocP patpuegorpdq rq iPru oslE -rp teJ loo pue p.urJer rq 01 sPqtl 'poo] Iernleu Jql ruo{ prrour;r sl ]PJ prlPrnlPsun^lod rql uJqM 'amlrruls l-ll Joupd sp elrpuoqrolrlupuPsl.rr sredeqscoqsasjoq Joslp^r aql olur PclProdrorur p r>lrlpadeqsq .mleu ur s.ruoJ snIJ aoqsesroll y 1rsp ppir i]]ej 'LrrlPrnlesunild 1oa1n:e1oru

!il

t'*j

asnuaSlxo rtqpaddols slntsua,q

'ual -{xo ;qmbarlou seop leql uopJearE 'pop rqJl a:rnpo:dol a1qe ,iq ,r8raua o1;e8nsSulzqoqepur aqt.^pq e.\\ ,{1uo sr1eq11ar ra:uer eJoSuruul8aq pup rpxorp uoqro o1ie,ucql1e rraH (61) retE,u pooJumcl ot pazqqnaq louur ueSixo 'slp}pPr cc4 aql iqpa8euep oresamtJn{saull rql u.q6 'slplppr ooq Jo uoqre 8ueruep pue a,rqdn-rsr;r Jql o] alqgdarsns,{ra,r are pue s1e,patPmtes -un q qrlr arp slLe,\.rsaqf {9:auc crnpo:d o1 ur8ixoJo arurscrd ar{tur pool rql,,umq,, q4q,!r a:e1da1e1 suo4:ec; aqt teql Bulue;p a,roqeaq1 rLFlo s1u,[ eur;cql Buop sr11 ur PrrpuoqJollLu 'llrr rql Jo srloprunj.rqt ro1,{ressarcu iBratre aqt arnptld Pue 1ar aql jo sJsnoqr;,\\odrLIl ilP Sunnpord :a1e,lrpue rq1 -,r,3rauo errpuoq:o1rur

'llac aqllo asnoqre/\oo - eupuoqcol!l/\l

86

99
he

rar' Ir'n

S.

1is

nd

ihi

Have you ever tried to put togethera pictuje puzzleafter someone had mircd anotherpuzzle I,lith it? Ifyou weretold to useall the pieces and to fit them in any rvaythat you could, the resulting picturewould be strange, indeed. The body has the same problem $,hen we tfuorv the straighttra6 fats in u.ith the natural horseshoe-shaped cis fafs. The body is very resourceful and will try to utilize all materials avail able.But when the cellstry to build a good Ir,all around themselves and have to use straight chainswhen the blueprint calls for holseshoeshapedchains,the wall is not going to be very good. Gaping holes may alloh, substances that may cause cancer to pass though into the cell, causingrealproblems. As an example: Insidethe cell,the sodiumsalt should be low; therefore,the cell . concentration r^,orks constantly to keepthe sodium out. When the f/dns{atsare in.orporatedinto the cell wall, sodium is ableto move in more readily and the .ell has a hard time kecping the sodium level down. It has to wotk exha hard to move the excess sodium out (24).lncreasingthe ability oI substancesto flo\,!'into a cellincreases the chance of cancer-producing substances moving into a cell(25). One group of researchers discoveredthat \i,'hen ihey fed an expe mentalgroup of animals a diet containingonl)' 4.4% of the hdflsfats, the mitochondria became sw(tlen two ortfueetimes their nornal size (24).The tissuesof these erperimentalanimalscontained13%to 14% t,d/?s fats. Human tissuesalso have been reportedto containup to 14% of the f/,'?sfats(26).The more ,/4nslats eaten,the more oI thcsefats n ill be in

cls fats

n n

HH HHfl HHHf
flfl a/ fi lrars tats
Incorporation of disiorted |rans fats inlo cellwall.

H E ffi A H

cis tats

roo

]'..]

:t].]

i ' jf.]1.'

I
subslances

Resultof transfat incorporation intocellwall.

the tissues andthe Eircater e{fect thev u'ill havein there (27). iltering the normal enzymeactivit-v When the f/ansfats are eaten,not only do the mibchondria becomcswollenbut their function frt,m u\ing r. Jl-. irhibil, J. fh.{ .r( inhibited oxvgento bum foodstuffscompletelyb carbon dioxideand rvater(28).So hcrewe havethebasic c.rncer-producing processgoing on in the cell. Tirrs fats may be a major contrjbutor to skin canceralong h,ith free radicaldamage.It is in done 40 ycarsago terestrng to notethat research used a lrars fat hydrogenatedcottonsced oil to Iat consumptionwould inshorvthat increased from ultravioletlight (8). crcase skin cancer fatscan I.dns beiclentrfied bythe termpa/fially ,reg.tabl( Jrydragenated oils on the labelso{ comfood. If you read the label, merciallvprocesscd you w,illfind itvcry difficultto buy a loafofbread that does not contain f/afis fats. They are com mon ingredients in canncdsoups,cracke$,pastries and all baked goods, cakeand frosting mires, baking mi1es,frozen dinners, sauces or fuozen vegetables, and breakJast cereals. In fact, .1v,.idi.lE the u-c,,fr r. frt\ i\ virturllvimpo--ible ifyou purchase processed foods. Many studieshave sho\,vnthat skin, breast, and col()ncancerare directly related to the amount of fat, safuratedor unsaturatcd,ln the is be.oming more and diet. Horvever,evidence more incriminating for refined vegetablcfats, especiallv the irars fats. In Puertofuco,the breast and coloncancer rate is only 30% to 40% of that in the United Statesin spiteof the fact that Puedo Ricansuse considerably more animal fat than Americansuse (887o versus629oof the total fat intake). But Amed-

: i . r ! 'i i . r . l . . . |

ro.r

cans use much more refined vegetablefat (29, 30). fats in the The per capitaintake of vegctable is nearlyfour timesthat ofFinland Netheriands The incidenceoI breastand colon cancerin the Netherlandsis almosttnice that of Iinland (31, Animal fat certainly is imPlicated in cancer as variousstudieshave shown (33),but closestudv lrd s vege_ ofhuman fat'consumPtion Placesthe ('141 su.Picion tr lr undprfdrtrcater lable

sYstem immune A uteak cancer inaites

Kidney and heart transPlantPatientshavo to so they suPPtessed have their immune systems rvill not rcjectthe donatedorgan ThescPatients develop cincer 80 times mote readilYthan the normai population (35, 36) SuPPressingthe is a dangerouspractlceas thls immune-system nt maligna cellsthat havebecome systemdetects them. and destroys tyPe to be the Predominant seems Skin cancer of cancer that these immuno-supressed Patients develoP.Thesetumors aPPearPrimarilv tothe sun. Thus,\\'e olthe skin exposed on areas ofthe immune systemmaY seethat suppression be involved in skin cancerthat js stimulatedby ultraviolet light.

strong ICSS tmmune cancer system

*

tmmune increase system cancer

WEAK

l,ii' ]

. -r5

to2
-+ | prostagtandins burning ---t
saturated --+ -> J | prostagtandins

poryun-

"T$,i,|_-a

grealy

$$Jr"

,-/ system

)ffifi',?o''

It

nl

Factorsthat may depress the tmmune sqstem

r ll .,pr udu,c,rbur ninr ,,r r eddcni ng :i: "i irv( r\ ir pro-t,ttt,rndin\ .lreprL, ';:,_-,?..'*),1 ou.cLt ,n
., l{rhcn enou;h ul|rdlrulet lght ir rcccrvelib\

thc .kir rl7r. lro.ratslJndrn" .lre n.'rm,'n, lil c ruh,tdn. er thr t drc pruLluceJ frum ,1iL,rUrnc-\cntidl un.dturdtcll rai.alJedlinulci. irc-ro. r,n,'lerr d(id i- f,,und rr polfun.atur.rteo (,1q.c.f.r uU) in (,,rn oil. lhe morc Inoler( rctJ I'r rnc drct. thc '1rore lhcre i, in the tj-\ue\, Jnd In. grr..lcr i. lh(.pr,,duciion r,t prort.lAldndin_ ,r-,. I ro\rr)llJndjn\ ,rr. knIwn lu in6ihit the rmmur)r \y\t\.nr ,]q. 40j. Ihcrcr,,rc, the more p,,r\un.Jturut,.dfdl in thp dret. lh(. murc pro_r,r_ Etdndrn-( ill f.,rm rrhen lhc.|.jn ir rcJdcncd b\ lh( -un nnd lh, Hredlt.r u ill thc Lleprc"rin6 c6ccl i1nthc nmunf \vstem.

t03
iseo
that one way in which sunIt is suggested burning contributes to the formation of skin cancerls that it, in coniunctionwith a hiSh polvunsaturated fat dret, depressesthe immune iysiem thereby teaving the body unable to check cells. the growth of cancerous P;lyunsaturatedfat, itself,hasbeen shown to iniibit the irnmunery\tem {41.42r. In fact it are now u*ing docsthi. so well that researcher. kidney trans_ of in the diets pohtnsaturated fat plant patients and those Patientswith skin gralts iaken-frorn other people, so the Pahents' bodies will not reiectthe foreigntissue(43,44,45,46) by the body's may be caused Certaindrseases to itselfilhal i5 the immunc alJergic becoming svstem actually begins to destroy some of the 'trody's cells. Tlt""" di."use. are called auto-jm_ Polyunsaturatedfat has been mune diseases. usd to inldbit the immune system in these disthen that the inclu(47,48).It is aPParent eases in the diet direcdy polyunsaturated fat sion of _the even without an system immune inhibits additional sunburning effect.

re
1

red crd
Lnd

ated Poly,unsatur fat use

on tne rlse
Ajne cans have greatly increasedtheir us{' of polyunsatumtedfats dudng the Past 60 years, and the trend is continuing- During the Vears fat intake to'1972,the PolYunsaturated 1965 climbedby 20% and is Predictedto climb much The intake of saladand cooking hieher by 1985. when dramaticallysince1909 ir,creased has oiii 1.5 pounds of the rate at Per oils were consumed
nomal pe.son person takng suppressLnq drugs

ins the

r oy

lhose of canceramong Incidence drugs. takingimmunesuPpressing

i, n. il! r m il! r - . . ' -

lC,4
this figurehad risento 18 Person Pervear By 1972 pounds. By 1985 it is predicted that the figure will be 25 pounds per person(49). Severalyears ago I counscleda 48-year-old Iemale patient who really believedin polyunsaturatedfat. She used polyunsaturatedmargarine,mayonnaise, oils; in fact,almostall food which she cookedor puichasedhad to contain some polyunsaturated fats. Margarinewent on thebrerd.veget,rbles. and polaloe\j md)onnaise n'ent on all saladsand sandwiches. Sheconsid eredoil to bc a medicine,and, therefore,almost everything had to have a generoushelping of polyunsaturated fat. This lady lookedolder than her statedage,and shehad many physicalcornplaints,but her overiding concernwas her constantweakness and lackoI energy I advisedher to removeall refined,poiyunsaturated fatsfrom her diet. She u'as allowed to use natural foods that contain polyunsafuratedfats (olives,avocados, nuts and seeds),sparingly Lean white meatwas alsoallowed,but onlv 3-4 oz a dqr All other visibleanimal fats, including butter,were re-fri(tcd. \^eel\. I sah her agrin. Afler -pver.rl and the changein her was significant.She appearedcheerfuland energetic, and with a smile on her face,shetold me how well she was feeling. This is not an isolatedincident, but is the usualresult seenin a patient who has removed refined,oily and greasy productsftom his diet. The useofmargarines with their high percentageof fra,?s fatty acidhasincreased. Between the years 1950and 1972,the consumptionof mar, ga ne rosefrom 6 poundsper personper vearto 1ilpounds per person(49). Because of the problemsof freeradicalforma-

)09

19-72

i985 (protecled)

Increase in vegetable lal consumption.

:!. lrlr .ri.l i rr:!r

r05
tion, inhibition of oxygen utilization by the cell, indeased cancerproduction,and depiessionof the immune system,polyunsaturated and fra s fats are heavily implicated in the epidemic of skin cancei Reportsnow estimate that new cases of skin cancerare in the neighborhoodof 300,000 per year and sing rapidly. From 1963to 1973,the ieportedincidence of skin cancer doubled(50).

Poly.unsnt urated f at stillbeing puihed onthepiblic

There are those who still urge the public to use more polvunsatuted fat despite the lact that most persons have already trcmendously inoeasedtheir vegetablc fat intake.Unfortunately thir re.ommendation t nadc nith the promir thrl hcdrldr-ed\e mavbc prcvcnted or trcatpd. It is h1le that exchanging polyunsaturated fat fal rnrllcau.ea 'or safur.ited derrea.e in -light serumcholesterol levels,but this hasneverbeen provenkr preventor treatheart disease. In fact,the NationalHeart and Lung Institute .rdmits that any relationship,between diet (in{l.lr J" \.iturated v. polyun"aturdtcd iats dre .oncerned)and heart disease, is strictly ',intuitive"_andbasedonly on personalimpressrons Jnd trdgmenldry ronclu-ion{ rather thdnon <cicntific proof (51)Thc Food and Drug Adminishation has gone on recordas sayingthat it is a violation of the law to make any claim that polyunsaturates can prevent or heat heart dis(52,53). ease Despiteall the exhapolyunsaturated fat in the

1963

1973

Incidence ofskin cancerdoubled from 1963 to 1973.

l5

1C,7
American diet, thc cpidemic of atherosclerosis $,ith all of its clinicalmanifestations piuggcd arteries and suddendeath- continues unabatcd (54,55).This epidcmiccontinuesdespiteindications that mortality from coronarvheart diseasc in the United Stateshas dropped slightly since (56).This may possiblybe due to thc valiant 1968 effortsmadcto decreasc hospitaland prehospital deathsDr NematBorhani, deanof cpidemiologists in the United States,savs this: "The association bctu,een the level of serum cholesterol and the incidenceof coronary heart diseaseforms the basisfor thc lipid hvpothcsis that cholcster)l lo\,veringmeasures (dietary or otherwise) will lead b a reductionin thc incidenceof this dis easc. Unfortunatelv, the lipid hyp()thesis hasnot beentestcdadequltelyto the satisfaction of th(' medicalcommunit\tAll p mary and secondar\, intcrvenri.'n triJlr ..,ndu,tcLlihu) tdr ha\e re ported negativr-or equjvocal results. Further, most ()f thesctrialssufferfrom inadequate num be r - l r ,|.,,t rdndomi,/.rtion or,.lh e r 5 c riL u . methodologic (57). shortcomings" rnrotene, and minerals.Rcfinedcom oil, on the rnher hand, is virtually a pure chemical,a trjglyceride,robbed of its associated nutfients. In lhis state it can easily be eatcn in excess. For {,xxmple,-12-18 earsof corn arc usedto prcduce1 Inblespoonful of com oil. When onc catsmostly refinedfoods, the diet not only containstoo r uch fat, but also contains much less oI the vil.rmins,minerals,bulk, and fiber than are nrtded eachdav A diet that is high in refinedfat tsn depleteddiet. A depleteddiet cannotmainInin healthy tissues.The vitamins normally as ioi itrtedwith polyunsaturated fat, as it is found l|l its naturalstatein the wholefood, arethc very vit,rnrins that offerstrikingbenefits in skin cancer t'!'cntion. l" Sunbuming, as discussecl prcviously, is dit|1 Ily involvedwith frcc radicalformation.If frce r,r(li.rl formation can be slowed or climinated, lln skin of either humans or animals will not lrrrlrras casill' (4, 5). This helps to prevent skrn r,r tr,r Cholesterolalpha-cxide,the substance v tl l'r(r lu.cd when sunlightstrikesthe skin,is alsoa Itrr'r.rclical,and mav contributeto skin cancer It takes12-14 earsof corn to oroduce llr, ilurstion then is how t'o inteiere irith free 1 TablesDoon ot refined oil. t tltttl lttrDtation. The formation of cholesterol ,tl1'lr.r oridc has been shown to be inhibited by rll,r|ins Ii xnd C (58).\4tamins C, E, carotene ,ttr,ltlrr'rrrint'ral selenium haveall becnshown ,,lllr'r lo l)fi,\,r'nt freeradicalformation or b pre f, rl ,1,!nr.rlt( inrm free radicals alreadyformed. ll||,, r',(iis, ussfd in dctailin the chapter on ag

W,@k wi v7

Cancer preaention
A diet that consistslargely of rvhole foocl (frr r l as gnrrvn), in as fresh and unpnrcessed.r sl.rti ,r . Possible,insures all the bulk, fibcr, vitamirrs. ,rrr,l mincrals necessary to maintain healthr tiss|,Wht-never a food is refined, it is ,:lt'r'oiri 0t Lr uniquc compositionof nuhicnt comp()n( rit , t,,r its ()ptimumabsorytion anclutilizntio|l (,,r,,r I \r'h(,1(f(,od has mrrch fil.r'r, bLrlL, !,r.,,,r,, I

( ,rt,l, r,. irr pnrli. l,rt h.r\ bccn shorvnkr ll t r, r, r , l r r i \ \ n lo b( ov('rl l' r, . \ (ri , . ||rrh r|||ri, rrI
rrr,' r, , l l ' t l r!t l l r,Ii \,1.,,,, ,, | ( r ) ) Nt ) l( ) I t \ ( l( ) ( . s

lr jr ! t r r nd . - . nr er 5

to9
carotenehelp PreventburninS but it also delays the appearancetime of skin canccr produced bv the ultraviolet light. Carotenealso decreases imPortant (60), very a skin rale oI cancer SrorrfrT aspect when one is considering cancer treatment. Many patientscomplain about how easily they burn when they are out in the sunlight After they begin a prcgmm which inchrilcs a and vitamin E, they naturaldiet, dch in carotene at the amountor are almostinvaiably surPrised with,'utbuming in the timelheycdnsPcnJ 'un Skin cancersother than those Producedby ulhaviolet light, are inhibited to an amazrng exoI carotene(61).Other types tent by the presence also seem to be of cancer,such as sall:omas, greatly alfected by carotene. In one studv saranimalsand ioma was inducedin experimental Thc camtene half of these animals were given over grouP that was getting the carotene lived 55% lon8er than the grouP not getting tht' carotene (61). The fact that low vitarnin A and carotene levels were lound in over 5070 of Patients who had canceralso glves evidence that increasedamounts of vitamin A and carotenen'l the diet may Protect against cancer formation animals were given ultraviolet light treatments. The animals in one group received a regulal, balanced diet while the others were given more of the protective vitamins. At thc end of 24 weeks,24% of the animalson the regular diet developed skin cancerwhile no skin mncer was found on the animals that received the extra vitamins(65). Here we haveevidence that thc "normal',and "adequate"amount of vitamins containedin a regular diet may not be enough to prevent cancer formation.Diets vary widely for labontory ani-

(o).

Although carotenecan be broken down t() vitamin A in the body, it may havc a differenl \4taminA maybehelpful irr functionascarotene. strmulating the immune systcm in the boclY t(i mav n'l rejectcancercclls(63,64),and carotene to stoP free radicalsfrom doing damagc th'rl predisposesto skin cancer. A si udy at B aylor College o f Mc c liiirr' examined the Protectiveeffect of vitamins ( , I rrl'rl and similar agents.'IwogrouPsof exPerirrx

d el wilh exlravihins C and E

Dlatatlact! Incidence ofskin cancerin llPatlmantrl anlmals.

: r grn.nrl alir..-.r 5

IO
daily mals,but most containthe recommended is minerals, which allowance of vitamins and enough to Prevent deficiency symPtoms, bui may not be enough fol the Prevention of cancct As we pointed out in the chaPter on agin8, many Americans are not Setting the recom of vitamins C, E, A, ln mended daily allowance Il could very well be that thit is on' .arotene. factorinvolved in the mole and more comm(nr of skin cancer, occurence cancerthey developed.The rabbits given light, that did develop cancer, had fewer aths and fewer metastases(67, 68). Refrom Russiahave shown that 507oless t cancer growths developed when exlmental animals were given sunlight treatnts (69). A study done involving the U.S. y showeda high incidence but of skin cancer,
lf!r$ than averaee amount of all other canceb rn

cer can t inhibits Sunligh

There is evidence in the screntific literaturc l(' show that white people living in areas of th,' world that get more sunlight develoPmore skir) we woul,l cancerFrom the previousdiscussion fat dietsan(i high eating poPulatrons that expect vit.r dietary amounts of not taking in adequate more skrrr would develoP min E, C, and carotene to the sunlight. when exposed cancer hand, studiesshow that as th,' the other On anount of available sunliSht increases,the in.l The k)l.rl denceof internal cancerdecreases. ilr,i deathsof the vaious Americanstates cancer iri fal with to are shown provinces Canadian more and as availablesunlight creasing Peoll( are exposedto the s!rn. Dr. Frank APPerl), ll" that "we mav l!' author of one report, suggests by induiir'1:' deaths our cancer ablpto reduce by exposur( (n immunity partial or comPlete (66) suitable skm areasto sunlighf' This theory has teen testedin a numt)o 'rl other studies.In one study it was found th.rl llx' roc(iv(,i,llr, more tight that grcuPs()f rnbllits

vy personnel. The author of the study felt that )sing these young men to shong sur{ight have saved the lives of some who would died from cancerotherwise (70). The incidenceo{ breastcancerin mice has been t in halJ by exposing them to ulhaviolet light 1), Using a shain of mice that usually develops of lung cancer, anotherinveshlghcrincidence found that the mice developed skin 8.lk)r :r'r when they were repeatedly exposed to rnviolet light; but he also found less lung :('r among the mice that were getting the trdvi(Jletlight treatments. The investigator was lhor surDrisedat the resultsof his studv and !lr(l to cxplain them in several ways. One thing Icnrs cortain;the ulhavioletlight had inhibited lhc lirrmationof the lung cancer an important dlrhrvt'ry (72). patienthad a . $'v(,rnl yearsago, a 41-year-old ,rfcancer becau'e and n ar gJven ltc,rrt rcrn,,vr'd Shrrnothorrpv freatments,becausethe cancer hdri rrrrv(l into hcrlungs and bones.The physidntrNtrt.,rtinghcr gaveher no hope. When she dr|rirlt(al n](', I told her I would not treat her falr r.r)l)ul w()uldbe glad to work with her on a tl [r',Il| l() inlprove her genera]health I reoilsand f.rts polyunsatLrral({ Itl0v|rltlx.r( firred

. ,.

r r . gnr . nd i- . naar 5

r3
suntisht f,.rnrn"
l.^T nothing 1j:'and rood\. refined. I al.o told her aboul sume ot the research that hdd been done wrtn <un[gh.t and cancer 5he really took this inform.t Eon to hearl dnd spcnt a great deal of brne our n"l astedher ro ealonjy whot,

+ ues

bbodpressur" =!""n"",.

$r,els on Lheneh progrdm, h, r 1\l.rghi te\eted off and .he b"gan i, riot.e .h, nad mr,recnergv As thc months went bv shefelt so much be er that she rctumed lo \^Lrrl, dn.l duJing lhe pdsrseverdtycrr, :::Lb:en :]/ortinq r^'rlnn', dpparpnt \) mpl,rm\ oj her widespre,r, I

," rhe \rintighr. tri,)r ro stdrdn8h, I ll,._...,]l had pnrgr.essively iosrweiEhr ::.1::,'*g.he DUL dflcr several

How does suntightinhibit cancer?

ttclmes clcarthaL sunlight ran helpro pn. . -It cancer vent when r,r e undersland h,,rnit.t,n,,, r ar e s i ne rmmunerlslem. increarin p tt. L, l oency.A\ noted previ,ru*ly. inhibitinr: rhc ir,r munc )ystcmincreases canccr lorm.rti,,jL Wlrrl, the general population." lmn,un"

l:':i]lq',1 r F , ' . r ne < u n trg"rf..tju"n"*" h t (t,,v ,\te era i

,^iLh ,.u,ft v,..r, ,,r

,II.,i IrL Ii | | ,, \r,r,Il ;

rtlvc immune system which will not only help (dncer but to ward ofI many othcr h PK'vent as 4attrscs well. Sunlight inoeases the use of o\ygen in the llr!ucs (73). Ihis cdn be verv im;ortant rn llimulating the immune system especiallyin the ptoduction of antibodies (74). Many types of gncer cells do not like oxygen and when exFr&,d.to high concentrations, they will begin to llow thcirgrowthand division. fi;aU) stoiping llt(U( ther (75).In this indirect way sunlighi ma! bc lble to fight against cancerby stimula"tingthe lmm unc systemand inoeasing the oxygen in the lltiu('s. Tht'rc is a direct relationshipbetweenan eleVntrdbkx)d pressure and an indeasedincidence An interesting Otartn('. sfudy was done several ng ,,n a larye gnrup of men with high lr.rF Dlrr\l pr(.\iurc. Resedrchers hoped to determine lvhdl lho caust'of deathwould be among mem. Wlth nll the other variablescontrollei (age, $nr|| ( lxrlt'\k.^,1. and cigareHes per day).theJ dlr|rrvi.rr'(llh.1l.r high percentage ot thesemen dovr'loF\l (irn!.tr (76).The exact relationship belwr,r||ll]o ( l'v.lt(d bloodpres\ure and can(er is llr,l Inown. What is known is that with an eleVnh.rl l!l(xxlFtussuro thfr( is nn incrcascd incitlr,rlr r, ol riln(\'t.Sinr.r. sl|nliliht r nll dnlnrnti.nlly

! ! ' . lh_. . . ar . '

I5
in the lower the blood Pressure,as discussed chapter on heart dtsease,tlus could be another indirect way that cancer growth could be inhibited. It should not be surprising to find that a cancer-produclng agent can at times be used as a treatment {or cancer X-rays have long been known to cause cancer and yet they are widely used today as a treatment. ChemotheraPy is used to treat cancet yet there are shong indications that it causes cancer, esPecially leukemia (z). (Unfortunately, these drugs are also used to treat other nonlife-threatening diseasessuch as arthritis, kidney diseases, lupus erythematosus, reports of are numetous and pso asis, There leukemia followingthese treatments.) ! f"t .on".r-ptio., will be reasonable and will not stimulate cancerformation, and al the immune b1 "vstem wilJ not be deprecsed the use of refinedoils. All thesefactorswork to protect a healthy skin, and the sun may then be enjoyed for its very remarkablepositive contdbutions to health. However, if you lrave been diagnosed as havIng cancer,or if you are suspicious that you may have it, or if you feel healthy, and you are just beginning a sunbathing program, remember tt|at it cannot be stressed too strongly that you thould be under the guidance of your personal physician. He alone is able to give you the perlonal evaluation and attention you need to eniure the wisest course of action for your health.

suggestions Closing
If cancer is detected by bioPs], the only effective proven means o{ treatment known at the present is surger)t radiation, or chemotherapy There is no evidence in the soentlfic literature that diet alone will eliminate a malignant glowth On the other hand, improving the health of the entire being, including the skin, with the usc of an unrefined diet consisting o{ Plenty of foods dch in vitamins C, E, and carotene, will bc tht' greatest step taken in the Prevention of skin cancer Under this regrmen there will be: formati,'n.rrr,i I protectjon again.tfreeradrcal damage,and will not be chnngcdin tht' skir)irit,I 2 cholesterol ('s; s(thslnIr( cancer-Producint

F\....

= f f i "6 t.-

117
Chopter

Sunlight ond Nr.frition

'' c n up ishtt l ta s lj:::..:! :lbeomsoa :u l E t'n th, dct ",l hc,ppaa i,snndt hrfi. b.r, fut anA ftoad. - JohnMilron

r,mpha.ized:runbdLhingis ddngcrou<for tho\e wn,r rrc on Lhesldnddrdhigh_fatAmerr(dn cuel rrr (li, not get dn abundance of vegetdblcs, $ hole Br.rir)\. dnd fiesh fruit.. Those o; Lhe \tdnctarcl n,th-l.rl dicl \hould \tav out of the sun and pro k,( t thomselves from it butatthe same time they will strtflr thr. c_onsequenccs of both fhe high_fat rlx'l rn(l thu dcficiency ofsunJight.

llkc,vitamin D. Unlesr one t", n fr, at"t, Nunlrghl hardnjlleffeclon ". be the\kin. ifusmust

u lrit iu n a n d s u n lig h ta r e i n t i m a t e l vr e _ laled.By striung the skjn, sunliehican producecertain hormones and nitrients

"fltcrccommended diet
llrl' rrrosthr,,rl(hful di(,t .onsistsalmosren_ llrl'lyr)ll(t(\l ('nt(,n in ils n.rltu,rj, ,lsgrr)wl), sti|l(,.

.ff|',

_. ,

!n r

i l :. l r ,rr 6

rB
when a food is ftactionatedor Why? Because things occur: refined,several with ,'nc another I Nutricnt'.in c,,njuncfion in a food. prctect or aid the metabolism of the {ood. When they are separatedfrom one another the intended protection or benefit of the combiAn example of this is the fact nationis destroyed. that in a natural food, such as com, vitamins E, C, and caroteneare combincd !,"rth oils or lats to keep the oils from beingoxidizedortumingrancid. In a natural food such as sugar cane, chromium is combined with the sugar ttecause chromium is necessaryfor the utilization of sugarin the tissues. 2 rhe tult and fiber are rcmoved, thus encouraging the easy consumption of highly concenhated,high calorie foods. For example,as prevrouslymentionedit takes12-18 earsof corn of com oil, and so over to producea tablespoon for without the volume eatingis to be expected, of the many ears of corn and orily the calories, the sense o{ fullness in the stomach does not J [o recombine the component' of food tcarbohydrates, proteins,fats)in prcper proportion, wouldrequire Unce thel havebeenfuadionaled, a great deal of computation for every individual at everv meal. In the western diet, in which a p;reat deal of refined {ood is consumed,the percentageof fat and caloriesis totally out of balance with what it would be if the food were eatenin its naturalstate. So for the purposesoI this book we shall define natural food as food thc lvay it is glown, including the bulk, fiber,vitamins,and minerals
vilamin E.

retinedfood

r r l \ r l '6

I9
dnd rhdl ndlure hat providcd, nothin addcd nothing lalcn dq'ay A refinedtood ontheothcr

.'fitsbull denuded bcen rnoinr5 fronai n ro,,a and minerals fiber,!'rtamins

a refined Sugar, food

to of foudthat\^edo notcon\ider An e\dmPle The oe nanu-ali* while, granuldted lable'ugar' been havp minerals buk, fiber vitamins and removed from the natural food (5u8dr'ane or rug;t f""trr, and the resulti- a Pure.rcfincd ln thi5 state it la'kc t}e .if;ple carbohydrate for its efficient ne(e55ar) nit".in. rnd minerdls metabolismby the body and hencethe body's .i.,re' of ttreie missin8 elements must be deplelpdin orderlo tlti[/e the refinedfood Noh.c ho!^ rcfined -ugff hat becn inr rea<rnr' in the westem diet over ihe Past150years-This increasedconsumptionoI sugar u'ould undoubtedlvhave an effecton health in the westcountries.A numbcr of books have been "rn written upon the subjectof sugar's harmful tl-t" body. (Pteasesee the list of "o'o" "fi""t. for further reading) Some books recommended authodties, in the field of nutrition, believe that suearhas contibuted to a dse in caldiovascular diiease, to elevatedblood fat levels' and to an incrcasein the incidence of diabetes' cancer' hvpertension, dental decay,and obesity Bein discussed hus b""t-t effechvelv .1.i." "o of "rrgu. c\amPlc rnc ,.therboi.k-.we uill give iu\t it ha' on thc b"d) effeLi. lhc detrimcnlal

PercaPitasugar in the u.s. consumption i! rbi184

1835

1!{ t!9
1870
1S80

14.1 1A.7 298 426

496

q4r

1845 1913

653 89

!q
1949

1t!
106
121

1965 1970 1971 1972

122
124 126

:!r

!l' d .i r'.]!n 'or 6

12CWhen sugar is eaten and absorbed into the blood sheam,it requiresinsulin and a traceelement calledchomium (the elemcntthat makes automobile bumpe$ shiny) to move the sugar from the blood streaminto the cellswhereit can be burned for energl, ln the diabetic the insulin is missing; therefore, sugar piles up in the blood steam and cannot move into the cell. When insulin is given, the sugar is able to move into the cell and the sugarlevel will drop in the bkrod sheam. If ctromium is missing, thc bbod sugarwill dse again, for the sugaris still not able k) enter the cell. lnterestingly enough, fat and the amino acids also need chromium in order to move out of thc blood stream into the cell where they can b(' ut rzed. When chromium is givcn to a person who is deficientin this element,his blood sugar, fat, and cholesterol all drop (1). Chromium mav also help to prevent cholesterol from being dr' positedin our arterics(2). Chromium is available in many natural food5 but most of it is removed when foods are refinod . Becauseof this, chromium is woefully lacking i Ir the average Americandiet. Babies are born willr a lairly good supply of chromium but graduallr lose it as they get older until they are deficienl Why is this happening? When purified sugaf r" takeninto the system,it requires chromiumto lr utilized. If none is taken in u'ith the f(,{)rl ctuomium from the body stores, if still availnbl, has to be used.Thus chrorniumis graduallv,1, pletedand disease is invited.

tEsue ce s

Both insulinand chromiumare necessaryfor the transferof sugarin lhe blood streamtolhe llaauecells.

r:t:ii::'i,,.]u:u:'i:l:i::uii,li

:dl
(
lssue celE

^ ^sugar

up in theblood sugarbuilds insulin, Wlthoul loam.

tisuecells

slores depleted wilh age Chromium due to highly rellnedfoods.

r'\ r''nn,dhsr' i

o1t;"* {/

^,..", Wllhoutchromiumsugar,builds up in ihe blood akcam.

'6

122
romparcd to the peoplc In mdny devel_ oPrn-8.otrntries lhdt di, not r:se ^^When refined tood, Amprrl:dn<,are verv low in tis\up \iorec oI cnromium (3). proce\\ r^1l1,, hen eaten in lhe cont.it uf a -"?|lg:|,1 narurar rood. (ome supptied wilh all the vilaflnr and 'lxncrdli nec!\\ary to metab(,li7e ihem, dnd no race mr.nerajor vitdmin deficien.y n.ill orcur rn rnosc who consume them

havcn rgone rhmuSh rh. rcfining

Oilsandfatsarerefined foods
inr amnunr.,f ur*ru,areJ ;i;,;;;;:::J;,li :".".t"l'. :::::::,. The above figure show* a pure. refined \Lrb_ . sran(e caued a triglvceride or nil lhat ha. hdd dll or th(.bull. fibcr. mincral5, dnd vitamiJ)c rc_ movect. I he\unbathcr shouldrempmber thatall rdr\ scem to bF specificallv invol!ed in Ihe in(Teascd In(rdenLc of cdncer Saturdled,,r anjmai rar. d\.wr' as oils. can dpparently .lc(clcrJtc 'presrdent crncer lormalion, D[ Lm\t W\,Tder of H:alrh Fotrndaion. re\rirvins bc_ :l': ljne:iLan. S-te.tCommjrecon Nurrrhon. :,li: sard11".r:*,: thal thp inciden.cof cdncer secmcto be rcrdlect d\ muchILrunvllualed d\ io \dturalpd b i(d u \ e o f lh i. d lo rv _ f a r d ict ( j o r a i n : l< porvunsallfated fdt- as ucll ds \aturatcd int.) i. rc(om.'rrndcd a'"''."n" Ar,n;;;-S;GrE r^ hen onc i. e\pi,se.l Iu sunlght. * rdr anrmal.devet.,pretdr "bComparative alnountsof chromium ir.t) tilrte ],\,e^cllel \ rrn ra n te r. In numantissues. " r. n wh e n e \ p n \ e d t u e \ t r e m c in Lhe)ear\ frlm tqoqIo tit72,the r, c o n 5 u mP t io n a ra ma t i c a r r ii n _ Americans are using an ever

S Jnqrrro..i\ rl rr.. 6

123
amounts of ulhaviotet ligh! if they are fed a low-fat diet. When the fat or oil is increased,the incidence of skrn cancel is accelerated. The ways in which fats increasedle incidence of slqn cancerare vaded. Wewill discussjust two possible mechanisms.

radicals Free
As discussedin the chdpter on aging, free radicals, that form when pol,'unsaturatedfat oodizes, do tremendous damage to the tissues of the skin leaving them rrulnerable to cancel development. If th; oxidation of the Pol)'unsaturated fats can be prevented, the damage which free radicals causecould be Prevented also. Antioxldants are substancesthat Prevent the oxidation of polvunsaturated fats. Vitamins E, C, carotene,and selenium all serve as antioxidants, aIld these are always found in natural foods that contain polvunsaturated fat. (The relining process remmres ihe'antiox.idantd.All antioxidants excePt a small amount of vitanin E are removed fom oil The vitamin5 so durine the purificationprocess. sold as suPplement5 ."-oi"d, ,"".h th" -a;ket use (4). W}rcn most of {or human and anirnal as in the refining removed, are these !'rtamins pmcess,polyun.aturatedfaf easilytums ranciJ with freeradical associdted ihe problems creating inciformation,suchas agin8 dnd the increa5ed For tlus reason,we again denceof skin cancer, emphasizethat refined oil should be palticularly avoided bv the sunbather'

1909

1972

lar con8umpllon. vegetabl

of vegetable in consumption lncrease oil. unsaturated

i.rt.l:ir r f . . . r r r . n6

124
otygmsuPPIY Decreased
One should remembe{that a reductionof the may be one ofthe to the tissues oxygenavailable ot cancer incidence the in factors contributing thc red cause to sho$'n Satuated f;ts havebeen cannot thev blood cellsto stick togetherso that \Urmall) pas- throughlhe tin) blood "e'tel-. ahnut7 ccll>.rr" blood red rarrving ih" ,,'yg"n while the -mdll blood\r.'in dramer"r 'nicr.rn' db"ut are sels th.rllhc\ ha\c h)pa5.lhrL,ugh "nlv tellshaveto indiamct"r'I he rcdbiood 4 mirr.'ns vcssels sDallblood the pass through to fold over When tissues into the their oxygen and release imPossible it is the red blood cellssticktogether, for them to move through the small blood vesin L'\v8en In Ihe li-\ues deficienl -e1..leaving this canhave certainheart-attack-prone Persons, sedousconsequences. Dr MeverFriedman,in a reportin the Journal of the American Medical Asiociation, showed patients that the blood oI heart-attack_prone unsatuused they clumped just as badly when He fat ratcdfata- r' hcn using-aturJlcd 'tal*"lf such interference in flow also occu6 in the crihcallv important collateral vesselsof *le coropahents,then the rnnarv ciiculationin cardiac scstlonofunsaturatedfatscouldleadto disaster is readijy as ingestion of saturatedfats- This possibiliiy particularly looms as a Potential danger in vierv of the fact that the contcmporary clini"cal fashion is not to advise the reduction of all fats in the diet but only the substituhon of unthe satuEtedfatsin the diel' (5).As decrcasing Jso md\ rissueo\vccn supplyh, the 'irnfribute t,,'.ln<"r iormati,n, the In,\\ledtc that b.'th
fi a
f I

.4,
t ((,

/-

aBc
s md rrb o o d v e s se

7p FBC s iold to Passlhrougn4P

lhev whenRBc s stickiogelher, ioldandpasslhrough cannol

l!'

.l' :nl

f.lL r .n 6

125

SKIN CANCER

'!

c u m pns olF B Cs

unsaturatcd fats decrease and saturated that supply is espe.iallyimportant h) sun bathers. It is apparentthen that one cannot advocatc the liberal use of polyunsaturated Iatsl II kee radicalsdamagethe mitochond a so that thc ccll (.pc .r n,,l mectinFil\ cn(rgy rcquirernenl.. chapteron cancer)and the red blood cclls arc incapable of supplyingthe cells'needfor oxygen because thev areclumpedtogethet the exposure of thc skin to sunlight may $'ell be the last step neededfor the development of skin cancer

SJn gh i c.o Nllr'on 6

126

prcssure

{a*lntlr' rirT
Vr'i6.
Themechanical extractionol oil.
l|al.d to 3301380'F

(\-31[.",

ofrtiningoil Methods
t{efined, purified, Polyunsaturated oil is, h' many minds, a staple, wholesome, healthful. part of the modern westem diet. It is desirable certainly true that po\'unsaturated fat is neecle{l in the diet, and nature has supplied an abun dance in the natunl grains, seeds,nuts, vegct,r addition.rl bles,and certainfruits. Consequently, must [.,' needed. This is not refined fat. then, are uslnli underctood. becausemany Persons refined vegetable oil as though it wert ,l medicine. The natural oil that is found in seedsLikcsor beans, corn, cottonseeds,rapeseeds,irrr,l ()r l'\ mechanically peanuts,has to be extracted obtainthe oil mechani(.)ll\ solvents.'Ib chemical mixed with walt'r, llr, rl and seed is crushed the hatf an hour. Folltxvirrgthr" heatedto 230T for the cmshed seedsare run through a Prr:is llr,rl exerts ten to twenty tons PressurePor s(lrr,rr( is ll\,tlllx' inch.Theresultof this ur(\rll)ressurc l,' honl r'x1r,$rl sot'ds arc crushcd lir(\ll

The chemical extraction method is most commonly used, as it removes most of the oil from lhe sced.The chemicalsolvent used to exkact the oll ls usually hexane. An oil with a desirable, nttural flavol as olive oil, for instance, is not fthocted by the chemical method, becausethe lum(,val of the solvent, ftom the.pil and solvent by boiling so that most nlrture, is accomplished 0t th(' solvent may evaporate.This removal of the irlv$nt alsoremovesmost of the flavor compon9|llri.

Mr)st oils exhactedby the chemicalmethod undesirable" colorsand ll/ll h.rv!."commercially (ldttrs b('cause they srll containnatural oil pigchlorophyll,and gos lllcnls, such as, carotene, lypol,s() are bleachedand deodorizedafter exlne llrIn. by vari,'u. llh.rrhin6 may be accompli-hed steamdistillation,and nl!.rrs ns hcat bleaching, suchas fuller's eartn lhr n.klitirrnof adsorbents, In(l r'h,rft\[rl, which are later removedbV filtraSott, ' l h r . o i l i s u s u a l l y d e o c l r r i z td b y b l o w i n g llpdrr lhmuAhthr h()t()ilrIxl( f ,r hith vacuum.

,,&,

\r.a ' .r' 6 : :rn a rfT .r.C

128
oil \

1. Thechemicalextractionof oil.

2'

"otu"n'

3, hear

Crude oils may contain a large numbet of fatty compounds othei than those liranted in a highqualitv finished oil. Some of this matedal, rcf",t"jt,, u, gl,-., .ot-tbe washed and filtered out u,ith u'ater.Gums becomecrudc lecithin on beinq dehydmtcd. Tic crude oil mal' also be washed with stronelvalkalincwatei solutions The amount of causlic used is proportionaiek) the free fait.v acids in the crudc oil Thesefree oils are neu_ I'!'hicharc and form soaps tralizedby the caustic arc centritugcd insolublein the oil The soaPs out, and then the oil is \ 'ashedu'ith water,centrifuged again,and then dried undcr a vacuum' I he , ompl( te refinrngpr'\''\- rc5ullt in a qulte ttrblc, r"fined oil rlear,nearly1;.111stvcrv different from the natural oil, as found originaliy in the seed.Thc carotene(mentionedin a' nPcc\\nr\ andon cdn\er on ddinB lhe( haptcrt rn'l formrhon radical prcr|nti,'n,'f frce i.'r thc been dehas for the promotion of healthv skin) stroyedalongwith other naturalpiSments' Si,rcemost of the natural antioxidantshave anh(xidant, usuallv a chernical been destroyed, is addcdh) rctardranbutylatedhydroxyanisole, cidity

l r r '. i !

r:

r.6

129

rit .\tti\iru

o heateo rosgo.goo'r/5.
ho Jn der v ac uum f orl 2u rs

If thc oil is going to be used for margarrncor ihortening, ii has to go throughanotherprocess .alledh!drogcnation.This meansthathvdrogcn is added to thc unsaturated part of the fat. If thL' process is car:ried far cnough, the fat becones fat. iaturatedand is no longera p()lvunsaturatcd To start the hydrogenationproccss,thc oil is nlixed ,jth a nickel catalyst and then hyd()gen gas is passedthrcugh the oil under pressure. and \luch heat is produccd during this process sta]'saround380'F. thc temperature generally evcn if The oils that go tfuough this process, onlv partially hardenedor hvdrogenatcd,have disorganizcd. completelv thcir naturalstructures The carbon chains that rnake up thc natural shaped;aftL-r polyunsaturated fat arc horseshoe the hydrogenation process,thev are straiSht, and kno\\'n no1{'as hars fats, Also, ihe unsaturated part o{ the chain migates up or dori/n J u ri n8 l hir p n 'c"r- shi.h lotdllr rhrnt, - lh c structure oI the natural fat. that thc polvunsatuDoesthc heahngprocess refining, rated oil goes through in proccssinS, re problems? Sevcral and cooking causc anv s c ar ch cr sfe e l that it may causc increa s e d (7, 8). .rtherosclcrosis

!F

ll!. !r' .nl f.l 'i

r. 6

r30
pressute

-.\}ffi%P
.

"""t

t.?

Iats How do theseunnaturalPolyunsaturated their information on Very little act in the body? action is available. Amedcans have unknolt' with thes| ofexPeriments ingly beenthe subjects i/afis{atsaswell aswithother unnaturalfats.For many vears,nut tionistsand medicalscientists have recommendedthese unnatural fats whil(' fats ignorantof the effecisthat refinedprocessed haveupon the body.

\*l,rlrlir!la;:'r
The hydrcgenation Process

^,

tti

White food flouris a refined

caroten, Welosevaluablenutrients,esPecially and vitamin E, when flouris refined.Dudng th( the $'heat germ (that Part ol th, milling process \'r,heat which containsthe maior Portion oI vit r min E) is removcd. When the flour is blcachotl. .rr' most of the remainingvitamin E and carotene deshoyed (9). This is just another cxamPh ,,1 how the nutdents are removed fr'om our to(rl, lcavingus unprctected.

krxic symptoms rnay result. Stangely enough, fhc symptoms of such an overdose are sirnilar to lh(, symptoms of vitamin A deficiency \4tamin A Itrclf is not found in naturalfood, but its precurlrr, caroteneis. Carotenehas seldom, if ever, even\ hencateninverv h,cn shoun to bc toxic leqe doses.5o. .rbtainJng nutrienL\from nalural ftlrds is usually safer than hying to obtain them dl fnrm supptements. A qood source book for one interested in the olfoodsis the US Departmentof nuFitivevalues AgrlcultureHandbook, No. 8: Compositionof Itxrds Raw, Processed,Prepared, 1963.Below altr tt()metables showing the vitamin content of Valk,usfoodsthat are important for sunbathers. llb['s I and II have been adapted from the lbl)ve-mentionedsource.

sun0atners

r mmen dations pelific,reco S t'o

A sunbather, u'hen planning his daily dict ,,t natural foods, shouldbc careful to incluLio t(rul that are rich in the antio)ddants (vitamins ( . I r, and carotcne) found in the highly cololrl 1ir, ' Obtaininij th(\( rrr\, and yellon vegctables. 1, is Pf( i( r,'l)1, sary vitaminsin th('ir n.rl(rr.tlslnt(' ' (lii l \\'iil) vil,rnrir) suppl('mI ntinl.t lh( |ill\ ll (,l \ il rrrrrrr A ,rrI l,rkr'lt rt)Inll l(,rrr, Lrrtonnr('rfi)ls

Figurel2 The resultof hydrogenation.

r l tr

I't

133
foods that l is a list of the recommended ?rble are high in vitamin A activity and carotene. We should choose some from this list every day, noticing how rich in carotene some of the fruits and vegetablesare. Many of them are also gooLl of vitaminsC and Esources Table II $ves a list of foods that are high in VltaminC. Weare almostentirelydependenton , its and \egetdblesfor the vitamin C in our dlets.

TableI
Content' VitaminA Activityand Carotene
lU Per Sizeol aver.geserYing servlng

'llble ll
VltaminC ContenloI Frultsand Vegetables"
feod
SizeolErvhg M gramg vltanln C

cooked 10,500 %cup,diced, wiihjuice 4,200 7,cup,cooked 8,910 1 medium, baked vegelables % cup,cooked Green leaJy l medium Persimmon, Japanese 2-3medium 3 medium 1 medium,large 15large Cherries !/,6 ol10x 16"melon winler, boiled V2cup Squash, color %melon Cantalouperdeep 2,tcupcooked or 1 large Broccoli green leal Lettuce, 7,470 4,550 2,700 1,650 1,330 1,000 2,530 3.500 6,800
2 500 3 840 5l 0

leaves 9ln) 2largeor 4-5small

grcen Asparagus,

6slalks, canned

9oo

bulsor,' bvcooking, "vilamin Aand carotene arenotdeslroved

ol lhe vitamin s loslwhsn l@ds are died.

1 cup 1 medium navel %medium %melon l/j omelon raw l cup fln.spple, v2avocada raw 1 cup lluaberries, raw hnenas. l mgdium raw Alllcots, 3 medium raw 1 cup lhrrrles. hrch. raw 1 medium cooked 1 cup lda lavs, llmlDorens. cooked 1 cup l medrum fDpeis,green lrcacoll. cooked l cup sprouts, cookedI cup lluaaols cooked 1 cup loln.ch, rsw 1 cup Cabbrgo. 1 cup |rp.r!gus,cooked ohard. cookd 1 cup 1 cup lm,llma,green 1 cup aa,gfon I cup l medum IDnrtoor

raw lrawberries, raw Otrnges, raw 0nplruil, raw omteloupe,

cookd aqu..h, lummor

88 85 37 90 34 26 16 20 12 11 12 11 102 100 210 140 135 50 42 47 23 29 15 32 21 18 27 25

hl||o.r, bdkod

1 cup 1 crip

fo1gtpotrtoee

t leaium

r0O!llr{/ (|lnr d{itroy som6ol ltu !llr(f|r C bur dryin! lood uaar.vl|r !Drtor krMoA

.iffii

or vari,,u . ..^{1ft {,/ roods.l,he,vitamin "ildmin E indicdfed i) for ajpha r,, but noLnec;$drity l,,e nr(,\r l3-t.1",1:*.y d(nve ror LheprcvcnLiun ot freeraical torm., .t theotherforms suchas gamn,., ljl._i..I tocoPherol. may
be more helDful in fhi<
I tnd

S,"5' rtt"

F content

r35
Llmli

f :lT:i.l rne^prcvenhon of s.rme of thc symptom\ oi vit.l

,1" mostachve form of vitamin j,,r

hambueitrim allvisibte fat

orncr,torm5 of vilaminE is nLrt readiJy avarlablL. /aDl/1y \uggesh the foods wfuch a sunbath,.r L snolrtd aroid, limit, or u\e freelv ne;_" r4lschart especidllJl -_,.,,

.,r ro:,d, ;;; ;; ;fi# #'.l:i:l: ::l 1|sr

l,4arbled ando-lher fatty meats POrh andaljproducls Organ meals: livei stleqblqaqg, 9!c. t(|gl'elt _

ryproducts

anddlrry

Turkey Eqos2 Cottagecheese Cream Lowjatandskimmitk YogLtrt

Duck
VilamioD

Table ttl
Vitamin Contenlof Foods. {Arpha tocopherol)
tio laeds4

products ^,supplemented Cheeses - altexcopt coflaoe cheeses , andcream Buttermitk Non-dairy cream substitutes

27.0 10.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 Asparagus, fresh Beans, dried lvlangoes Green teafy vegetabtes 0.5 1.8 0.5 0.1lo 0.7 1,0 0.1 r.0to 10.0 0.1to 1.0 10.0 18_0

(peanuts, especiajtv shoutd be u$d

iL!14!eqaqo!!rsl
Beans,dried, Lmas! green snap or string,green

Soybeans

vegetables,

ft.huld

'Frpeang cal naoi! desov .or, o, ,r_ ,o,,, ,!o re.' r ' s ( t - a, ' , s adapleo ".,".,n r . o^, . r r , n, . is { r O ,d l , , . , )

j;;," '**r,.lr;:ll:,,ru,#l'#rtr*xi;,i,j:"{fij1:li:"tf,:: _.0"_,n*,0 _, .ceos'nvlahhD **"" and;;;#6;;ill;ili:,il"jj11?ji,,T:X ;:il;il:"i,":j;i:1fl:,'"'*d"a'|o

bo l/hlrod to a marimun ot3 perweek hcludl

ililil;ilfli:flii::ifl'lttiltliilii,ttiiiil;ilititii;.iit;::ffi::i%fl:ffifilili

-i n !'

rr.

[..fiT l:.i 6

r36
Table lV (Conlinued)
Foodaroup6 Useiieely
Lihit

Grains, cercals hot,withno sugar, allvarietes gran whole Breads, withnoshortening parlially hardened oils.Nosugafor Whole whealPasta or

Partially rclined
oil .f Paslrieswilh shortening. sugar,such as cakes,pies. cookies,donuls,candy, sweel rolls,and crackers

sugatotaooeo viiamin D Butter, maarine. Lad, andall meatlats. Alloils andshonening. Alldesserts wlh sugar, Fruit, dried lalsoroils shortening, Oates Chocolate Gelatin desserls Fruiljuice wilhno sugar Tea,coffee colfee Decafleinared drinks Chocolate Sall,usesparingly Sondrinks Sugaf Vinegar Highly spi9ed loods

Desserts large amounts ol sugaror syrup Beverages

Seasonings

The above chart is designedfor those who hlve no serious disease,and who require only a b0lanceddiet that will supply the protective lor one who is on a regular lh'ments necessary tunbathing progmm. This diet also will help to pn)tcct against chrcnic, degenerativediseases.[f like disease on('has a chronic degenerative he may requfue a more sbict diet htort disease, hrr a few months. By eliminatingmeat,poultr)t thh, eggs, dairy products, nuts, seeds,avo(ados. and oli\cs for a time and usingan 'hort lbundance of vegetables,fruits and whole Itrins, a thcrapeutic effect often may be obldlned. Whcn one eats more oI the natural plant Irtds, he can be less concemedabout dietary ful, lhese foods are usuallylow in {at, and also firnLlin protectivevitamins and mineralsto aid In tht' prevention of rancidity ang in the prevenllon of frec radical{ormahon. snacksare allowedas thes Nrr between-meal wlll ko('p the blood sugar and fat elevatedall ddy,nnd a constantelevatlonof the blood sugar amount atld f.rl ay contributeto an increased ' 0f lr,rnl(ning of the arteries.It has been shown eatingcan contdbuteto harlhlt hr'lwecn-meal important dlttlng of tht'arteries,and it becomes "not what we eat as is only kl rn(i'rsllnd that accePted but how and when we Row lir,r1('rnllv in studying the etiol,tt ll, nl( ril c()nsideratlon auy lllnih( n's.l('rosis"(12). lrd ri||t hr bc a label reader is also vitally largequantitiesof sugar, lmf,'r l,rrt, lrr'causc lho r.trlttli, ,rr(l viri()us othcr ingredientscan in prxtsstd frrrls lt would bt' well bs hhl,l,1r , r(l r!rrIpod f(xr(i ,'rr , ry p,r(l...rB1i thr, l,rl,,'l ll , ' l r r } lrrll,'rrln t { l i \ l l l t rl | | , 1 , , , 1 . r , , r ' r l | t
jlaryf

r39
lT'',S
super
VITAMIN F
cplor

iffiT ffiWWWffi
VITP,.IVIjION D
ENIR LICIXED

ond lhe Sunlight D Monio Vltomin

1n11, "lltr lttlutuol hulth, the full-floan he sun." l^t!,t ltt\land eenng rr.fir't evidence. in modem bme., that sun-

-I]ERSEY

iltK

riSJ s-;.

R:"

li$ht is an important factor in the health of Innn, was digcoveredwhen sunlight was ftrurxl l{' hnve an effectupon the incidence of a itselfas a dlif,u,r'lirlledrickets.Fjcketsmanifests in the devetopingbonesof young dFftrr'nl,rti()r1 t'ltll[r'n. Although it had been describedsince llllll( , it .nn1o k) pFeater attention in the 1800's in r(i. l)uring the18t10's, Englandexperienced lirtr{|,fl r(.v()lution and thousands lhr' lI(lLrslri.rl of people $l[r,rl'\l h' th( (itics. Followingthis migation, llvIrS { r'rklilionsdotr'riorated as pcoplecro\a'ded (l,rk It|l''llx k.n('ln( ntsofthecities andpollution ( lril(lfunri'arcdin theseconditions lr'r'',r,x\1. rttrrrr,'nlv rl.vr'Lrpcilrickets,which bccame ll' , " lirt lis h t lis c n s c . " lrx ' r\ 1 r. ' r
ll,rrtrrrr.r,Iolrs|rvrrlth,rl.rl. u k ()fsunli,{ht $,as l('.'ll llr(N \\lr,,l,,vr,l,,tr\l ri,k.ls In "'ll"'r,,r' tr'l,nx, ril|1",lilt,rl,,r In'lr1ltlr, rrni(1, n,,,('t frrh

Children with rickets.

q. t

.r i

141
etsin the di fferent EuroPeancounmesand rn c'r(|I county of eachcounhy and found that assunlilil II increised (southem vs northern, country vs crIv) It was not trrilrl of cketsdlsaPPeared. the cases the 1890'sthat sunlight was prcved to b' llr' specilic cure for dckets. The reasonsfor its cll'\ | when !rl'l were not understooduntil the 1920's nant( "1 the by min D was discovered A man Mellarby who residedin London, Prcvjdcd llr first experimental proof that dckets was a 'l' tt ciency diseaseand iould be cured by feeding ' ' " I liver oil to the children with rickets The l9lll ' tl' rLI' ' saw a flurrY of discovenesof elementsessen knl)\\ rr became the huna; diet lhese elements as vitamins.Vitaminswere desr:ibedas org t"t' compounds (other than Proteins, Iats, or "t ln \rrr rrl bohydrates)which were necessary amounts in the diet for normal growth, ll'tr| In cod liver oil, n rrl' health,and reproduction. to Pr(\ ' lrl necessary was stancewas found that was labeleda vit rrrrttt dckets,so that substance (vitamin D). much study hasbeend( \ ' 'l' I Sincethe 1920's l(i| i ll\ to vitamlnD. It is now known to be alm(rsl irrlrll\ only foods,occuring in vegetable absent suchaseggyolk, butl( | l rl origrn of animal foods fattv fishesand [v;r (theorganin which vil'rrrrrrl D is stored).Even in these foods, vitanrrrrlr r\ limited and varies accoldingto the dir'l 'n rlr' t() th' srrrrrl l1rf ammaland how much exPosurc had. By drinking a pint o{ unenrichednrilL rr'l Jn(| rr\'11 "" I 'f buHPr table.poonful5 edting,3 40( receivJonl)b5 'rf thc | ll 'l\ ll"r ' w,,ul"d of the s{ar(il\ rn vri rrr"ll recommendedBecause tllat natutu rrlltrrti 'i llr rl D in food, it aPPearc | ) lr".I mostof his vit'rrrrrrr manshouldEenerate kr sunlight r'xJrrnurc

u thesungenerates minD
Ar sunlisht shikes the skin it initiatesa delimultiDhased orocess. Choiestercl concenis higher in the human skin than in other s. Whensunlightstrilesthe \Lin, (holescan LreLhdnged into d substancecalled prc

min D. Previtamin D staysin the skin where tunlight continues acting upon it, tur:ning it t wo otherproducts(1)that maybe important ftrrminghormonesor other productsneeded the body Previtamin D is not changed into nrln D by the actionof sunlight but is slowly nsrd into vitamin D bv the normal heat of the y, It takes about 24 hours for 50% of the r min D, not changed by sunlightinto other ts, to form vitamin D by the body heat(2). vil.rmin D canbe to\icin lar8e amounts, it(.['ase by thc body and its sensitivit] hr n8ohv sunlightto other product.areeffective i ( prcventing a large buildup of vitamin D. 'f F vitamin D revertsto previtaminD (notice lh' lrrow in the diagram below goesboth i) nrrd this can be changedby sunlight to I pn)ducts.No report in scientific literature trv('r sh(lwnthat a toxicdoseofvitamin D has n ol)tnincdfrom sunlight.

tuflllghl gcncratgsvllamln D.
D

i .,r l tr r .r l ,.|.I

l ,t

143
The vitamin D that is formed in the skin is then absorbedinto the blood. Once absorbedinto the blood, it is carried to the liver where it is changed into a more active form called in short 25-HCC; it is then transpoted by the blood to the kidnev where it is changed into an even more achvc compound called1, 25-DHCC. This is the form of vitamin D that is potent enough to carly out its beneficial activities. The exactrcle of vitamin D in the body has, in through someexcit_ recentyea6, beenrevealed ing discovenes. From the time it was fust iden tified, vitamin D has been known to be necessat\' for the absorption of calclum in the inteshnes. \4tamin D appears to be involved in the forma tion ajld development of calcium-binding pri I teins in the intestines, Proteins that are essenhn for calclum absorption and hansPortation Fur I thermore, vitamin D aPPearcalso to be essenti.r ar which enzymes for the production of two involved in calcium tlansPort and collagen I(n irr mahon in the bones,and it also ParticiPates bkxll in the acid levels of amino regulation the (preventing a loss through the kidneys) and irr citric acid levels in tissuesand bones

vq

25-HCC 1 ,2 5 - D H C C

lunllght and the productionof vitamin D Ch'ntin the diet, or if the minerals are present but vltamin D is absent.Healthy bones, then, are t 0pcndentupon a supply of calciumand phosPhorous, the absorption of whictr, is dependent the presence UP()n ofvitamin D which, in rurn, ls dfp('ndent upon one'sexposure to the sun.

VtaminD deficiencies
If vitamin D is absent,calcium,which is vil,rl for normal bone growth and develoPmcnt,wrll from the intestlnaltnct, an(l IIr,' not be absorbed bones will become deformed ln childrt'n tlr,' conditionis termed "rickets,"in adulls, "r,, teomalacia."Either of these diseasecorlrliti,,rr" .rlt' rl, lr .irn occur if calciumancl phosphorotrs

Nota oitamin buta hormone

l{fl'nt dis(.()v('ri('s revealthatvitamin D is not lr n ru (h , t v it . rn rina s it is a h o r m o n e . T h c lln,lnh!li(nlly n(tiv(' f{,rm1,25-DI l('(' hnsa thc

144
cft,oH I

cholesterol

CH3

cortisone

.ffe r..
d'

M
- lil

I c=o

-,N\,!

Jftn"...ron"

testosterone,ffivitamin to common of cholesterol Strucluralrelationship hormones.

of a hormone Hormones can b chanctedshcs agents which are syn as chemical descibed parts of the body and ar thcsized bv definitc canied bv ihe blood b anotherpart of the bod\ changesin where tiey producesPecific 'ertain fits this descriP 1,25-DHCC organs. and tissues tion, for it is;de in the bodyby the kidney and bv the blood to.ertain targettissues transported and cellsin the intestinaltract.\4tamin D, thcn is rcallv more closelvrelated to the hormones than t; the vitamins.lt is producedfron choles

: i . n r. . T . r .

i-: ,. r- r :: ..,rr L 7

t45
:crol lust as are the other maior steroid hor_ :rones. Notice the similarity of the chemical :|Iucture of titamin D to the structureof other iieroid hormones. ACTH Hormonesare regulatedby delicatebalances :r the body The horrnone cortisone provides a i.rod example. Thelevelofcortisonein the blood . re8ulated bv.everdjgland.thdt v^orl in con_ :ert If the level of cortisonegets too low, the :rtuitary gland (a gland found near the brain)is limulated to producea substance calledACTH. \CTH flows into the blood stream and upon :eaching the adrenalgland, stirnulates the gland :-rprcducemorc cortisone, lvhen cortisoneis taken by mouth, the blood :!el of cortisone increases, and by specific feed_ :.rckmechanisms the adrenalproductionof cor_ ::onets stopped.If cortisone is takenoveralong .r..'d of time, Lheadrenalghnd wil aLtualy Maintenance - rrmk in sizefrom lackof stim Lrla of cortisone Lion. levelin blood.

slops produclion j .,(shioks n size)

Effectoforal Ingestion ofa hormone.

&),""", fuN
):t:','xr

cholesterol o.oo"r."o"- 1J."",..1f |

147
"*-"^.r"
be supplemented Should t'ood withahormone?
For some years, obtaining vitamin D from ratherthan from exPosure dietarysupplements, tobe thc morePmctrcal kr suntight,hasappeared method. The avaitability of ultraviolet light does vary with season,locality,time of day and, oI course, individuat habits (indoor vs outdoor life of food with vitxtyle).So the suPPlementation the task ofeducating lmin D has near\ replaced the public about the benefits of sunlight. of animalfeedhas beenone Supplementation "advances" which has made possiblethe of the roising of poultry, swine, and cattle indoors the y('ar around, resulting in wide availability of low fost eggs, meat, and milk. In a similar wqr for th!' sake of pmcticality. when dealing with large have chohealtheducators human populahons, |('n a dietary form of vitamin D, instead of urying lhot vitamin D be obtainedby exPosue to sunllBht. l)ctcrmining the requiredamount of vitamin i' no a. there difficult. l) k, 'upplcmenihasbeen just how much of the substance w,ryl(' mcasure in the body by the sunmanufactured rrlrc.rdy lr thdt'lO0 *,1) lold,it dPPears l, rs cdn be A', llBht. \ ith optimal D provide.children ll,J,'f vrt.rnrrn IU was adoPtedby the Food and tlt'wth. so 4{)0 (1968) daily asthc recommended N||tfitirnr lh),rRl (including breast to 22 ycars c lnrnr trirth lllow,rnt I inl.rnl\). fur hassprunga rushto lrrr .r srr.rllh'girrning, 'rr of food. In addition flrltlrll |lx nt v,rst(lu.rntities D fortifiedmilk (400 v it n rn in t lr. ln ' lrili. r l' ' D i s a { l d . ' dt o o f v i t,rnrin ll, s . 'Y (\ rl I t , / , t l),l0 , t |{ ll

CORTICOSTERONE

,tl.

SEX HORMONES

ol cholesterol. i/letabolicpathways

A higher than normal level of cortisonein tht' blood can occurif one takescortsone by mouth over long periods of time, or it may result ftom an overactive adrenal gland. Either situation m.r\ result in a condition known as Cushing syn_ drome. Resulting symPtoms that develop ar, usually obesity, hyPertension, weakness. hah in the female, and o. edema, excessive teoporosis(thinning of the bones). Hormon,' levels in the blood are controlledby sensitiv, and cannotbe interfcn\i complexmechanisms, with for lonS periods without Producing s( t l ous problerns. balarr,, to be an equallydelicate Thereappears vitamin D involved in the amount of Produ,r',1 by the sunlight. Previtamin D will not ch.rrtl, into vitamin D if it is not needed, and si'ttt, vitamin D can revert back to Previtamin D Al ,, ternateproducts,lumisteroland tachystcr{,|,.r1 | tr rirr | of vit,r prcvide an option to the production if levels are hi8h . As one growsrwnr( r)f vilnmin D's itllfk,rl, t () s (f i(' rr' , 1 \ fun cti on.r* ,r lx,'rr'(nn,lr(' n('('ds
w i i l i ' s P ro n d vi l ." rrrrr | | r ( v i( ' w lh , l !rn ,l l ' t,,' l \ lll) ln' , r ' r' ' rl ,' l l , ' r' , , | ,rtttttr' t\l ,rl l i x x l . 'l

Prolilicsupplemenlation ol VilaminD.

nirrl..rrl,rr.n.7

148
aninal feeds and thus indirectly consumed in the form of meator eggs.\4tamin D is alsoadded to baby foods, imitation dairy products, beverages,sweet sauces/ preparedbreakfastcereals, marga ne, nacaroni, noodles, farina, and flour (3).Most storebreadhas250-Z50IU/lb added. With all this supplementation, the avekte per capita intake is 2435Iu/da)t or six times the recommended 400 IU/day. The examinationof human muscletissuehas revealedthat human tissue may now contain more vitamin D than was found in the tissue of swine fed 14times thc NationalResearchrequirements (4). heart. Dietary vitamin D has been known for lome time to causheart attacksin experimental anlmals, attacksthat are comPletely indistinlulghable from lho.e cdusedbv a mdgnesium fed five times as much Ratsthat a-re dcficiency. liognesrum as they woutd normally obtain from lhcir diet are Protected {iom the heart atta.ks fauscd by the high intake of vitamin D (5). When researchscientists compared diets and 0holcsterollevels of 100farmers, they found that lhosc who were taking additional vitamin D had $nificantly higher blood cholesterollevels than lhost, who never took the vitamin. The invesi$k)r who reportedthis study advised"adults tiot k) take vitamin D-containing drugs without a lltdr reason"(6). Mtamin D hasbeenidentifiedas an angiotoxrc that irritatesthe lining of lub8tnnce(a substance a grouP of scienti5ts vessels). Recently, bhx Inv(.stigated the effects of vitamin Dof experrmenlupplcmcntedfeedon the arteries lul .rninrals.When damagedarteriesftom the !tlr('rinrcntal animals were compared with alhrr()srlcrotichuman arteries (obtained from seenin human and byp,rsssurgcry), dama6;es anlnl.rlnrtcricsseemedidentical,even though a llurnhl'r of the animals wcre on a low-fat, low tlit't. The oxactrole which vitamin D choh,str.nrl the artery wall is not known plnyr in rlarnaging Itrrl lr rtill rtn(l('rstudy,but the changethat does ly n sk'pin the dcveloPment hlt.|l,rrr.is dr,finitt (7). l('11'sis lrf dllx'|l'h( A l'2 yr\rf old f( m.rk' Patient was surPrised of largc areas showed whrn I k)l,llx.rllr.rl)(-rnys Sh(' in sonrt'of h('r nrajorartcrics. lnhllh,rll,rrr rlh c h , r ( l n l \ { . r y ts lkon thcb(st I n t r r r r r r rr ,r ,r l r'lh,r

nofmone

Effects ofconsuming this

From the University of Tromso in Norw.rv comesa repot that a long-term intake of vita m i rr D, or y slightly abovethe rl00IU recommendcrl. may stimulate myocardial infarction, or heart nI tack. Not oily heart attacksbut also degenor.,r tive joint diseasesand artlfitis are mentionco rrr the report, as diseases that are apparentlypf,, moted by an increased vitamin D intakc (5). Dr Mildred S. Seetig,a physicianin chargi, r,r nutrition and metabolismat New york Univr,r siqy's ColdwaterMemorialHospital,anclnss(\| dle protcs" , )r o f p h a rma c o lo g l. rt \ , . u \ , , r t V edical Colle g e .h a ' s p e n t n c a rly , r , i, . , . r. t , developinB lh e t h e (, ryih , rr h , . . rrt . rlt , r, k\.I. triggered by the loss of magnesiuDrlirr tlr, heart tissue.She points out that excessiv(, vrl,r min D causesa magnesiumdeficientv rrr rr

!!.

!.1..a

the ! T.r. i D Von.l

t5t
careof her body and used very little food th.rt contained cholesterol.She had always purposclv chosen pol).unsatunted fats thinking they wcr,, preferred and had taken lots of vitamins. I askc(| her about vitamin D, and she assuredme thnl she always took extra vitamin D in the form of,! naLural vitaminA and D capsule a: well a. in.r multiple vitamin tablet. Takin8 into considern tion our supplemented food supply I eshmatt\l that for years shc llad been gefting dietary viln 4,000 IU/dav minD in amountsbetween to 5,000 It is interestjngto note that rats, \r',,hen giv, |l Iu/day, vitamin D in the amount of 250 devel(Jl, hardeningof the arteriesand elevatedlevels('l cholesterol and calcium. They also age fairlv rapidly (6). lr'itlr There are particularproblemsassociated vitamin D and pregnancy, for pregnant womfr) aheady subjectedto high doses of vitamin I) from widely supplementedfoods are rouhnolv advised by their obsteticians to supplemonl their diets with vitamin D pills. Since vitamirl cap<ulcs contdjn 4{}0TU. iJ one per day ir pr, scribed,this addsto the alreadydangerous avrl age per capita intake of 2435Iu/dqr Dietary intake of vitamin D by pregna|ll women has been implicatedin kidney calcifit.r tion and severemental retardationin rnfrl offspdng (8). Children born to mothers takirr)l extra vitamin D in their diet may be born wrth ,l certain type of congenitalheart diseasecall.l supravalvular aortic stenosis(9). These sirnr, children may show abnormdl trrne formrlioll . and havefaces so abnormallyshapedth.rtphy'l (10). ,,1 Abno, ,nnlitn.s cianscallthem "elfin faces" the bonesof the facehavc ttcn obscrvtd 7{)'}i' 'r) the off\pring of rabbit. gir en ldrgedmountsoI min D during pregnancy (9). Addin8 a potentia y toriL hormone like vitaD to milk creates more problems than iJ it taken alone, for in our society many people ume large quantities of milk. Milk also has peculiar property of enhancing the potency vitamin D. This was shown over t() years ago cxperimental heatmentof childrenwho were
ient in vita min D. lt was seen that the effe\15

Adiitives

NO

adding only 90 units of vitamin D to each ld's milk were greater than the effects seen adding, to each child's diet, q)0 units of D in cod liver oil (11).

topsupplementation
Many autho tieshaverecommended that vitlnln D be removed frorn our food. Dr. Linden, $ho gave the report from the University of lh)mso, makesthis statemenl"AttemDtsshould bf made to restdct the intake of vitamin D from lll M)urces,save that produced by sur ighting lh{. $kin". Also recommendinqthat vitamin D nol bc supplementally added to food is the (1950), the Canadian lrltlsh MedicalAssociation (1c53), and the American lulhtin 0n Nutrition TheCommrtArd(i('myof Pediat cs(1953,1965). r)n Nutrition of the American Academy of ht F r(lin t ric s h a s re c o mme n d e d t h a t n o n IuPph'nn'ntcdmilk be available. I h(, nmt)untof vitamin D that is cufiently to milk may give one child the hclrrg,rrldr.tl of rickets atlto nt r\luinal li)r lh(' pft'v0ntion

VitaminO tortified homogenized milk nol recommended.

t n

.7

:L-r !t.l .rr. 1r ' ,

2
regulallighls

r5
while t'eing toxic for another (12).Because of this individual variation in children, it seems only sensible to recornmend that vitamin D be obtained from sunlight or ulhaviolet light expo\ure.ar lhebody hasbuilt-in5afely mechani5m\ to prevent a toxic build-up. This would eliminate the medication of the total population with a possibly toxic substanceintended originally for the protection of a small minority suffering from dckets.

/ , / , l rl l { 1'\
\\'\

.60

Vitamin D fromsunlight t'ound tooesupernr

In one study done in Englandit appeared that vitamin D obtained ftom the skin's exposure to the sunlight was far superior to that obtained from oral ingestion. When over100patients were studiedas to their intakesof vitamin D, and also as to the individual exposure to sunlight, there seemed to be a direct relationship between the amount of calcium and phosphorousin the bkrcd stream and the amount of exposure to surilight. The more sunlight a patient received, the higher and more normal would be his levels of calcium and pho s p h o ro u s , a n d c o rre spondingly, his bones would be more nearly normal. The amount of vitamin D in the diet of thesepatientsdid not seemto be rclated k) the levelsof calciumand phosphorcusin thc bl(x)d stream.The researchers felt that evenslightsun light exposures may be sufficientto hrlp rrr lhr. preventionoI a most sedoustrone disf.rsr',,rnrl "many old pcoplemay bein a stago of'l,ir r lrr,rrri

lack'(:13). r nl ostoomalacia' bccause of sunJight n study of vetemnswho lived in the Chelsea, Mnssnchusetts, Soldiers'Homewas done to detr'fnlincwhethercxtrasunlightwould help them l(l nbs()rb morc calciumfiom their food. The men llvr\l indo('rsand thc studywas done during the winl(.r m()nthsso that they would notbe getting ,r||ysrrnlight.Thcy were given dairy productsin llx ir (li( ts il d probablygot around200ru/day of in vll,l|ri I). ()no half of tht' mcn wereplaced t ! ( r l g i v c n m o rc r, rv irlrn rn (n w l h c r r ' l h r ' y rrn . , l r r l r nrnu{)ft's ||lt r, rv iolI lil] h lhy l | \ I r ) i , rI ' r l l , t . rl lrllrlrr, l\ y , , l ,r r l l r r ! ' n \ \ r ' r ' l l x r r l ( s l ( \ l

: I

iir?i3F li*eirii 3i33 i;I Ii; E:i 1F{;?iii i Irlie: *g+EiEIieB l e . ; iE - 4? d ! e is;ilili ili' i3l+ii::Fr l3.a d . *"ii ;c ff fEl?iiTi?l9i;f ,
3! rd5c.c.fo -E:

1{ : iE 63F? s a+!'9
l*7 ;=-:

cj'

i];i +ia rgC a Es.1 71:t;c

i '-.- : =+t 1. t a

+=,iiiF? a+;
= 1 ! 7 7'; " = i .iI i'-?-a=,77 --i1I

if liiii*gt iri i:re+i; i : t: ; t i , i . ++* :+ i E 5j T e d5

- - 7 =7 : = : = !j 7=-=-' -=7i i = = i

?+!7ril+Ec+ai1 :iilieT-

E 3 J +?gg

i?717.'-=;
i-= +:=i:r ==?a)'-*, 4i-= , L1

1i i'=1 :!
=1ii+"2 = ='< t a I
: i =.d b + a: a P,b tu 'i -

;+1 +X T ; .

= ds , 6 , . = ' .

a< 6 >!a;. ! ] 1 e:2 a -zt ; i 6 -i T?; J -;'!:a i= i ; ^*i i

+ ;ii*a riif jeifr3 $ie?a

7z?itzTlZq,Vii?:! i i++t zz+ 3E 2ai s afEi ;i lt:?*+iiffiiIii=F i *rr gls iiijFf6 i*iiiiiiil;$i+ i
3+iir +iiiitiFaE3iii q ;g 3 ; a i ?+1*+ = ' Fi + + + 17
l j

j .-? e" d2i

! :

il
iii

illmnfrhn
li Il r(Lfll
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|

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sx'
i, i

.' \J l '(ln-.

FT
!D

bl H'

* 'iifi: ffi ffi ii ffi iai il i? lir iiil' +i$ gii +1{ ii lriet liigiilEli?iii* +iti+tisiEiiiiIi?i iiii;iia ii?ii
E ra'

2 E2.= A t
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'=?rV'it??E?".=?+ F99ii??iFE?it Elitiiiiia E;9

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;i?[iIlF se* 3ei :B i i * -E 31

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: r .:

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160
Iats breeding around laBe rubbish heaps. Whcr ever there is overcrowding with the resultirrll piles of trash, general unclean conditions, arr(l disease-caIIying rats, thele will certainly t,( more human disease. ,l An adequdte deal to 'i', diet hac a gredL and necrs providing the materials energy with sary for the body to resist drsease. Health careworkers find the tendency tow.rf(l disease riseswheneverthereis generalmalnutfi tion. It should be noted that this may be tme, n(,l only when persons cannot alford enoullh nourishing food, but alsowhen personseat t(\' much, especiallyof rich, high calory, refin,rl foods. There may actually be more danger ol malnutrition among those lvith more wealllr. especially if those with less Srocery money .r[ carefulto spend that money on whole natur,rl have been set up to c(lrl foods. Many agencies importance o{ good nulrl catepeopleaboutthe tion to the body'sabilityto resistdisease. and ,'rI Modern emphasis on bettersanitation, betternutrition has helped to controlthe spr, r,l by limiting the spreadof potenlr.rLlr of disease This has alsolimitccl t)r, pathogenicorganisms. villence of some organismswhich tend to rl f()nr lr'1 in virulenceas they are Passed crease son to person. Modern medicine,though armed with w,,| der drugs, would be hard prcsscclkr rrnit)l,,,rl the health of the citizensof this Lrn(l if llx " were abanclonfd.ll is lt rr{l sanitarymeasurcs ally realizedthat the wondcr dnr8s, surlr .r\ .rl ()nc of tlrr.sr' lrrrrr tibiotics,h,rv( linritations. tns is that microorganisms tend to become nt to the drugs.How cansunshinehelp in war against infectiousdisease?

nderstand.ing of thesun's et't'ect

10ntnlectnn
Ahng with increasing scientific knowledge rut the Sermand its relation to disease, came ltcicntific understanding of the sun'seffect on It wasin 1877 that Downesand Blunt accidenlly found that light could kill bacteria. Obseruuncolored tubes of brown sugar water, which y htd placedon a window sill, they found I th!' tubesin the shadehad becomecloudy bacteridl dr(.rting gror'\,th. Tho:e tubeserpo:cd

Sunllght brctorlr. doslroys

). t , rf .

.i--.i.,!

I : - E c!!

162
to the Iight had remained clear, indlcating n(J bacterial growth. "The most marked drfferencc' in the two setsof tubs were obtained when th( sun shone brightly. Light," they decided, "is inimical to the develoPment of bacteria" (1) ln 1892,Marshal Wardshowed that the Portio n of the electromagneticspectrum having the mosl intense antlbacterial action is the ultaviolet (2) Table I indicates the dates of discovely of ul haviolet sensitivity of certain bacteria. By the 1920'sand 1930's,sunbathing for 1904. l} tuberculosis and other forms of tuber$ was a very common heatment. Table II results found in one study of different of treatment of intestinal tuberculosis that era.

mant Survlval

Death
19 dad

% Eftective
75% efiective

TableI
Bacterium's Baclerium'5 scientific common Date Scientisl name name
bacilus Bacillus anthrccis 1886 Arloing
Paslerretlapest6 r887 Poletiio

4sutuiving

14dq!
3l dead 30%efieclve

1887 Ducad qrept!9999!L Mycabactetiun 1890 Koch

Whrlt there \^ds an increasingrecognitionof rfficiency of sunlight therapy for certain of tuberculosis, lhe vme theraovwasalso kr be dramatically effective in the tr-eatnd
of \treptoLoLcal jnfections. ln 192q, Ude

qqcl|rus

Xlur(,cl sunbathing in America for the teatv,P!!9i9!!3 statu9999!!s

Shigella dysentetiae
1892 1892 lMolMt C h e m e e w +v

!99!lvs llqqh
Thedvssntery ba.ilJs

of crysipelas ta streptococcal inJectjon of

The colon bac llus Eschetichiacoli

The modem era of sun theraPybegan t\ilh llr' bactcriacotrl(llr knowledgethat Pathogenic killed by exposureto sunlight. Nit'ls lrirt.,tt dramaticallyoPenedthe ela bv surrfsslrrlL\ using suntighttheraPyinthe treatmcnlol trrl! l culosisof the skin, thereby \tinnint th(' N"l" l by Finsen,|'|frr.rr,i rr,'l Prizein1903.Stimulated rrl,' |' oth'r formsoi Irrlrt1, Rotlierbegan heating

rlln). This hadbeen a dlsease &1th a mortall{)o/o, and the useof ulhavioletlisht for tih.{tf ln.irlnr(.nt of this diseasedramatically reth| nn'rt.rlitv.In Ic2c. theimproved condirrl lh(, King of England, after a course of avloh't Iight treatment was widely pubth,'lrrrn ,,f thc (entury into the lc30'5, Fnrrrr
f'ntll|llri\l l,' b( progressive development

lhr ui..ol lltrnviolet light and sunbathingas hloil r,ll(\livf treatment for a numtrer of was di:. hrrrrrllrr.,rts.In Io38,penicillin
,l ntrLllh, ,.r,rr'f ,rnhbi,rtii..rnd ,,ther an r'rlrlrldl th(.rirpytl('gnn. lir,r l,rrl}' t.xt(,nt,th('

,Jhfecr cJs D;ecses I

I
advent of antibiotics sounded a death knell for the growing interest in sun therapJr Fortunately, a few investigators have kept a trickle ofinformi tion flowing on the beneicial effect which the sul may have on our health. About the time that antibiotica were being in troduced, a number ofresearchers(3, 4, 5, 6,-7,g, q, l0) independently pubtished reports of th,, oramdh(rpsultsseen when a number of p.r tients, having such various infections and as easesas blood poisoning, childbith infections, dnd peritonjtis. virdl pneumonia, mumps. an,, Dron(ruaJ dsthma, were trealed with ultravio[1 tight therapyto Lheirblood. MiJel reportedth.,r in eight cases of viral pneumo;ia, ,,the t(,\i, s)'rnptoms of pneumonia were gone in 24,7t1 hous following a single treatme;t. The couth dlsappearedin three to seven days. X_ravs shoi^ed the complete clearingof Ihe pneumorrr,r 24-90 hours {ollowin g a s in g le t ie a t mc rrr Mumps, a viral djsease. ie.ponded to thi" trc.rr ment. The temperatur" drop to.ror-ur ,,, 24-48hours and all toxic -ould symptomswould di\ appear All swellingof the parotid gland wout,l drsappear in four to fi\e days,,(ll). In 1q44, I I,, laenderdemonstrated the eftectiveness or rrr travioleL light in desboyingthe flu virus,,ul\r.r, the humdn bodv (12).ln 1970, Hedinq founLlrlr,rr ultmviolet light could also inactivateind aesrrr,r cancer-producingviruses (13). I havehad ercellent success in treating tu|lli,j . infectionsof the skin with sur ight. Oni, or rrr\, patientshada severe fungalinfectionwhirlr h,r,l begun in the skin of the groin area rn(i h,r,l spread onto his abdomen ind down hrs r1i,, After severalweeks of sunlight trenl|n, tN, tlx Infected area had remarkabty improved and the end of a month it was completely free of lnfection. Fungal infections of the feet, including in{ectlons of the toes and the area arcund toenails, seemto be cured or to go into remission after 116() runlight theiapy So many different bacteda and viruses exist that it is presently impossible to vaccinateagainst lhem all. It is not just the many geneF of bacteda Ind virus, but the many different strains within ludt one genus that make the developmentof tPccific antibiotics so difficult. A hundred difJertnt strainscan be identified just ftom the two and Streptococcus. Evenil it 8!nara, Pneufiococcus possible wfic to develop antibiotics to deshoy all (t[ the presently active, hundreds of strains of l|llcrobes, some microorganisms have an aslonishing way of developing an entirely new ftin that is unaffected by any existingantibiotk. . fho ability of some microbial organisms to new resistant dt.v('l()p strainsis ceating alarmin thr, scientific communiq/. Dr Stanlei Falkow, lttlrt(.ssor of microbiology and genetics, Univertlly of l,{6shingtonSchoolof Medicine, states lhdl, "All the presentlyavailabledata shongly luxli('rit that perhapsas soonas the next decade lv(, rl('g()ing b seeseriousantibioticresistance a||r(nrg.tllgroupsof medicallyimportant patholprtH"(14). ll h witlrin the realmof possibilirythat we x,dy lvllnr,rBdr'vol()pmcnt of I nt'w microbiarsuarn lh o lro t t k lr, ru ' , ' .w r ,'r'l,l \v'Ll,'lunLl,,mi(..r$.rinrt wlti h ,rll ll\' \^,i, ,l' r ,l ,'t Ir,\l.rrr \.i,,rn., h ' lu ll[ , S | $ l r r l r'H', wrrrrl(l , r l 1 r r ' , l l , r l l rtrh gr . h r , l 1 r

r6
il

ll

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iilt= = 7 \Ep.ai

ai gEgrl ;: t3; Tr i ?'t"+i

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G.

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= _._= -_= ..! _:.F.-= --

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\

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'*

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iiiaiirscc;Friiiii iiF ;1iii r+

iii*F T if3 if F +$iis i3i+* fi*F aE i
l

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169
ultraviolet llghl ',/

l'\ lr\ '\ \

of the air by ,10-70 %. Factory workers, who where there was no added ultraviolet t, were absent twice as many days ftom as were thosewho worked under the low ditylight (18). Sln(.!'ultaviolet light has the ability to deshoy purib'ingit. and since 'rir in theair thereby for good health, the |ir is necessary r0 llobility of ulhaviolet light seems vitally Imnt. We know that natuml sunlight reduces of disease. dnngerof open-airtransmission it woulo \unlight is not readilyavdilable, low-level artif. wise to ubliTesomesort of ultraviolet light as palt of indoor lighting

diseases tar-borne
less respiratoryinfeclions 25"/o Rrr ((,nturies, the purification of water by natnr(\lns was sufficrentto meet the needsof y, but as urbanization and total population the task of providing safe vr Inr'rt'ased, wltcr has becomemore difficult. It is nklng (hlorination can be used to kill the lhnl organismsin polluted water; howhrrHr.nit t, r'r\\'ni ('vid!'nceindicatesthat cl odnatlon of somecarh.r lr(t,'r in the production (19). Because of tlus, si]lenrl{fni( subst.rnces d|r.rl|ltlyinB altcrnatemeansIor the Purifi[r ol wnl(.r lrrndiationwith ulhaviolet light alternates currentlybeing trtl, ol tht. possible

Light experiment in navalbaracks.

The Russians have recentlybeen experim(,Il ing with a fuIl spectrum ulhaviolet lighting s!, tem in factories wherecoldsand sorethroatsh.r,l been plaguing the workers. The investiSnt,'r ' used low intensity ultraviolet light cxposur, ' arld continuedthem all day (Theworkcrs rlii I rr,,t receive enough ultraviolet light to cnu\(. f, ,1 deningof their skin.) It wasfound that low il]I(,rr sity exposures lowered the bacterinl .(nrl,rrr||.l

rlh,rl
commorily t'hr'r,,,rlr. nr.rny microorganisms Ittttt,l trr w,'t,.', I hcy nr{]most prevalentwhere organic matter uPon lherp l. ,rrr ,rlrrrnrl,rrrct'of ll,r(lcrii) rlrcly oc.ur in the oPen lr li' l'111 Whh

r ' i :r' r.-rj i :.t.r..

u :.rs:.3

17C^
v4,/.' \7
-{^\N I .>
sea,but along the coastlines where wasrc$,ater and organic matter are dumped, the tvater usuallyhasa high bactedal count. Not all bacteia found in h'ater are harmful. Bacteial diseases rhat mav be transmitted b\ polluted u,aterinclude: cholera - the mos! swilt-to-stike of all the plagues, typhoid - rcgarded bv some as the most dangerousof the water-transmittcd diseases;and, bacillarr dy.enlcry. Hepahtis ir a viraldisea"" whichmar dl",'be tranrmittcd b\ polluLpd !\dter. The thrcat of these dangerousdiseases ha: encouragedthe enlorcemcntof countv healtl: department measuresto ensure safe \{,atL,: supplics.The testsused to determinewate: safetyusuallycheck for the presence of the colo. bacillus, Esrhericlria coli (commonly called f .olr. This bacteriumwas chosenas jn indicato: r,f feial p,rllutionin r\atcr becduse ,t i\ con monlv found in Lheinte-tinal trad of man dni animals,and bccause it is an organismwhich r. verv ed\vlt, i\olalp .rndidenrih.If L a'lr i. pre-. ent, it indicatesthe probablepresence of othel enteri, orgdnj5m\ rnhichcluld bc p.rthogr-ru. although most strainsof f. ftrli are not usuaN.. pathogenic. Rccentstudiesexaminingthe value of u travioletlight in the disinfection of vvater shor.e: that if the irradiationwas sufficicntlystront anj the florv of water slow cnough, water could bt reportint I Puritied.dti\ia(i,,rilyqcicntisL\. rp\uit\ nl ,,re .tud\. concludcd thrt the su|.. ultraviolet rays ate an important factor in th: naturrlpurificati,,n of $atcr becdu\p ut theiJ fectiveness in killing E. .oli. By testing r,!,atE: dj.po.al.inr.. -amplcstrom d marincsewage

-/.:,''

"S"-

#o > *t=

purifies Sunlight seawaler to a depthol12 feet.

i r .i ,i i .

|i .:r

rLr!::::j j :.:

171

\i
-.--:' nqdtor\ demon\tratedlhat runlight cor d kil L ../i to dcpths of t2 feetjn sca Narcr (20). In another stud), waste stabilization poncts _ r erp e\po\ed t,' -untight. Atdin /. ,ull rvd_ ' und to be Lilled bv 5unlight. dnd the r(._ iearchers concluded that solar ultraviolet light is 'ndeedan imporrdnrthough -eldnm appreciated tn.tur In lhe naturalpurification in watcr (21).

"a ,,ti

290 nm u.v.

Theskin's resistance to disease

Unbroken skin makes an effective physical 3anieragainst mostpathogenic organisms. Even :hesweatwhichthe skin produces hasan acidity :r'hichis unlavorableto getms and may kiil :hem. Exposureto sunlight aids in the skin,s :csistance to disease by killing thosegermsthat :re on the surfaceof the skin. Ultravioletwave iengthsthat reachthe earthvarv from 300nm to 170nm. The shorterwave lengthsof ultraviolet light are the ones that are more bactedocidal; rowever, they penetrate only the superficial .aversof the skin and so kill bacteriaonly in those .rvers. Though only a small percentage of the ultraviolet light rays reach to the deeper layers of ':. -lin. thospdeepcr laver* arc fpli to be mor" icnsitiveto the rayswhich theyreceive. This may rr responsible for the largersystemic benefitsof :liraviolet light which ate seen but are not fully rnderstood(22).

50%

The longerthe uftraviolet wavelength,the deeperit penetrates the skin. At 290nm,50% of the ultraviolet penetrates to the epidermis, whereasat 400nm50%reaches the dermis

:,.. r r ] . ni

. t e. J . ! s D r-' .s .s 6

t72
Notonlydoesthesunhaveadlrectbach rr'n rlal effect on the skin, but it also changes th" ' in the skin inlo bacteriocidal agents lhcm l' '

resPonse lnnnune
,;'il ;.:; work of a grouPof 'Pe-

lat;ltiitr

,$':,,';pr Hi
tlift, ts:
:,lbullt tb.i

:r*: :Jir:ir
l1!*!r r#,!1,

Even the vapors rising {aom natuml skrrt I l'l' I (a{terexposure to ultravioletlight) arecaP'r of this and l\'r' killing bacteria(23). Because effecl Irl! il a strengthening becauseof haps,-also the whole immune system,ultravioletliglrl lrdr provento be a benefi&l agentin the treatnrr rl'l acne.

;;;';[,:;ii;:.$i'i1'1""1"J}i."if
t;'llli,
rredtrr" h'r") rnr'tt* an invadinggerm code or ils -inolyz,* lr, and determine\,

(mearing ."u"0 a macrophage,

t,t, lit 'iti

-qirl r:l:i. r*riil iaii iii l l'Y:!l lia:i id!:;
li9i: jla,,

sYstan defrrrse Thebody's

The entranceof disease Sermsinto a lr"rLlltY bod\ triggersan immediatere\Pon\" r ' rlrF Lirr' I l' bodTs deien.esl.tem lhe gredtest fense againstinvading germs is found rrr tl( The ll rr'1'lI circuht&y and lymphaticsystems. u ill| l' il the body of tic svstembathesthe cells l' ' "'l whit' flui; that containsantibodiesand cellsand actsas a calrierbetweenthc cell\ r'l llI body and the blood vessels

llii ry*:nlrilii";'":ll{:ff :
into Lhemserve' rhange l,l::',r*;i;,;;; cellsthrl tellscalleJ Plasma r'i,','.r sPcctar '-.lii',. Pro1^I1nr ,i.,i,. . rnd -e(rcte U rt) ,.' " -,t l |Il P theybc(ome'enl.fi,',i.""ttu..ai"''rr

ru;lrir;:m*:;n:;q:,69
naro'Lapped a' d 'oen:zd ,1"''"i" l"''"0 * n""-* wh(cers other bY eaten n'"^np'm orslowed getr

i"Jiir,b:: t*,i:

Lymphreturnsto lhe bloodstreams'

+q tiilriiilr

tgPe-^ "{
lmmuneresponsewithin the blood and wrtl'tr'rlrr

wt'hrnthetr$@s+

-*-* 8i\iq\ i(i*) + )+ri; nS'" 1.-,r,rin\s (-\ ,,---i i ,tr r,{ ' 1trrrl |r' l upof os

rl

1- . .

.F.a

172
Not only does the sun have a direct bactPriocidal effect on the skin, but it also changesthe oils in the skin into bacteriocidal aSentsthemselves. Even the vaporc rising horn natural skin oils (after exposure to ultraviolet light) are caPableof killing bacteria (23). Because of thrs and, perhaps, alsobecauseof a strcngthening effect uPon the whole immune system, ultraviolet light has proven to b a beneficial agent in the treatment of acne.

response Theimmune
The study of how the body works to deshoy invading diseasegerrns is a fascinating demonstration of the team work of a group of specells. cialized F i r s t a c e l l c a l l e da m a c r o p h a g e {meaning "laBe eater") meetsan invading germ. It eatsthe 8efm, analyzes it, and determines its code or make-up. The rnacrophagepassesthis information on to other specialized white blood cells called receptive lymphocytes. The receptive lymphocltes respond to the code informahon in two ways: they either change themselves into other white blood cells called plasma cells, that have the ability to make and secretespecialproteins called antibodies. or thev become sen-

!$'i,ii: ;*rli
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t*fi

sy stan ense dy'sdef Thebo

The entrance of diseaseSerms into a healthy body triggers an immediate resPonseby the system The greateslline of d* body'r defen5e fenseagainstinvddingEermsis tound in th' cifulatory and llrnPhatic systems.The lymPha tic system bathes the cells of the body with clear fluia that contains antibodies and white blood cells and acts as a carrier between the cells of thf body and the blood vessels

i.;r wll
!i3!i: lJ(l ]*;l

l*li llt1rl{ij

.i .. t.,,!':i:'::ili:i.l;!ll.l:1,,.t;i:i!r,;r,,. Lymph returna to the bloodalreams.

..

I t

Deadgem, handcapped or slowed gerr' Gs- 1 5 L o a r e o so r .Fca l b e 'F.o g .r ? e d d l , eata. bvolhef *l^rlc<rs

*d:**#+
germr l macroPhaq''

withinthe bloodandwithintlrr'll response lmmune

+ ir:'

;{ ^(m: a":s/'

J-e-urA,---.. .1/..4\ \
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maclopnage spoids:

*"-*.*r*"",

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f c . : : . r . i U ,i

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174
sitized lymphocytes that fight the entering germs, Thus, the immune antibody response of the body is accomplished in two ways: by the response that works within the blood and by the response that works within the cell. forcementsto come, or that help to deshoy the ge!m. One of the cells that responds to the call for help is called a macrophage.When it answers the call, it becomes "activated" and is increasan enIngly able to eat germs. It also releases ryme that eventually kills the germ and, at the and redness time, causes the inflammatron aome of a localized infechon.

Withintheblood
:

'.

Theantibodymatches the antigenlike lwo pieces ofa puzzle.

Antibodies are the protein substancesthat are sedeted into the blood by the plasrna cells in response to meeting a germ or other foreign proteins (antigens). Antibodies act to inactivate or neulralizeantigensby (ombjning with them ofa iigsah pruzle. -ome$ hat like two pieces One of the many ways antibodies work is in conjunction with cells that ingest bacteria. These antibodies coat the outside of bacteria as a signal or label which makesit easierfor the white blood cells to recognize and devour the intruders. Canma globulins are the major kind of antibodv found in the blood.

to therescue Sunlight
Studies have shown that exDosureto ulhoviolet light or natual suntight (but not enough kl redden the skin) increasesthe number of white blood cells in the human blood. AmazIngly, the white blood cell tllat increasesthe most la the lymphocyte. It is the lymphoc''te that plays tht' lc'adingrole in defending the body a8ainstan the lymphocltes inhvosion of germs.Because (ft osein number after a sunlight heatment, their pB)ducts of defense,antibodies(mostly gamma in the blood{24.25.26}. alsoincrease Sltrhulin:). ln Lrbr'rrtoryanimalsthis effectmdy Id't as long tlrn'('weeks(26).

Withinthe cell
Ithas only beenwithin the pastfew yeals th.rl . the protective response within the cellshasbt |rr understoodand appreciated. It is now tnli|v,.1 to be of prime importancein the pr{)k,(.ti('I againstgermsinsidethe cells. When meetinga germ, the sensitiz('(l lynrpln, cytes secretea vafiety of chemicdlsthnt r'r n ' send a signal out through thc botly to| rr,rrr

!Lr. q ir.',1

n re. .! s

_r 5": : :

176
in d . S d mrr" o f lv mP h o c y t e s T h i: in c re a s e s abillv individual an greatlv plobuhns enhance' been ha' io fi*t't oi lnf".tion ln fa.t. it 'ho" " that;xDerimental animals whichhave increas(\l of irrr ir-pf,ir.yt" counts have a high degree (27) ,ir,*iw ti can."t u' *ell as to tuberculosis The l\ mphoc!'teis also(apableof Producinl:' interferon [his substan(eh 'subrtarice'caUed r,lj!\i ' the abiliry to stoP the reproductionol rr rI wncn remember kr fact Thi5is an imPorlant dnimrl' forsome reasons possible i: considering partial immunity to cancet since many cancr''' arebelievedto be causedbyviruses' lntcrferon is effectiveagain-t severaldiffer"t kinds of cancer includrng carcinoma' sarcomn and leukemia.This tact 5Purredthe Amcrn to sPend2 miltion dollar5to prrr CdncerSocieLy chaseinterferonfrom Finland for erperiment'l use (28). th'rl ni. uun. Sttun,t"r of Finland discovered can' 'I he could give interferonlo terrninalbone l'rrrr oatienttind doublethe numbero[ lonS <imrl gotten has He " ii*"-tt"" 'u-iuoo l2c) ."r,,ti, in tt"rt;ng other (ancerslike Hodglr" multiplemyelomaand iuvenilePdlil dised5e, l rrl to.o". nor oiy ao tttesePdticntsget bettet \rr'r' be immunc to infectiou' 'llsoseemto lhe production t-hev (21{ Sunlightincteases cancer Patients ) disiases that so often plague ol lymPhocytes. infectious diseas' Tieatment of "'itul herPc\'/'*l' I -utly herPe'5imPle\' sucha. hepatilialsr'I' .fti.f." p,i. and the commoncold mlv impri)vedby interferon(2q)' Our own bodies' IymPhocytesmanufaclrrr' 5" this wonderful interferon that can hclP 5rrrl infect(ns ard vkal in cancer dramaticallv lymPh(xvI for increased stimulus a grlat ligtrt is the duction and theteby incteases Production

lntcrferon.

sYstan phagocYtic
immune svslil)rkine in coniundion with the rs? tystem'..Phagoct'tosrs tt mi,"r.,*i to eat ""pttugo.iltt It a'"*u" ihe ability ot a celJ .

lil;;;;;*

toP bloodcelland are the mostcommonor rvtes. When facedwith foreignndrenar,-

are a t)?:,':l NeutroPhiis

r(' ;rn,nhil will eatand attemPtto destroy ioutroortil, u." ul-'yt Pre\entnnd.cirfuldtinB numfound in ldJge iii" tni utooa rf,"y r n y infeciion or lury t i a r t h e s i t e o f a n-e $ lruron.ver tissueis damaged'a stimulus

ii;i.fi;,';tu;s"''

bead - the ora sras;

TheyLine.up the neu"trophits iiri squeeang begjn "f"." vessel walldnd theblood wiy ihrough the cellsof the wall'

ooo o
o-

lo rn Inlury' roaPond NautroPhlls

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a""ii""" iiir,!ili--"''" "il Sunlightstimulates phagocytoslg.

z-{n'

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oxygei carryrg

ynpnocyfc produci on

lillill

apqrcaches hebac,,um a""surrounds i evr if;'ffili",l',fl$;'."j1H:jB"[I"&"J"ilJf"[:'te-ihn /slora||v Ld, . suirounded rhe nelrrophrr po/son spirls pocker inro lhe conra.ingrhe bad;ria

promotes healing. Sunlight Thls is exactjythe clinicalresultob*erved For 12 years, 4,0d) male collegestudents of Cornell University were observed,and it was ,ound that thete was a direct relationshiP beand daysof sunshineand lwcen the temperature \maller gmup' of pacold5. of lht'frequenry to suscePhble themselves dcntswho considered coldswerestudied.It wasfound that a 1O-minute lrtadiation with ultraviolet 1i8ht one to three llmes a week throughout the winter months relulted in a reduction in the frequency of colds to $.3ok (31\. lxtm27.9o/o The results of another study (which was of the to ulcffectsseenwhen children were exPosed that indicated haviolet light in the classroom) if infections childrenwould havelessresPiratdry ulhaviolet lights wele to be substituted for the ltandard classroomlights. The Russiansare doing most of the recent rcsearchdealing with sunlight therapy The recult5of lheir re.earh havebeen.o convtnonB that in some northem areasthe law requires that mineN be given sunli8ht theraP). One Russian Etudy (mentioned earlier in this chapter) inlamps volvedworkersin a factorywhere sPecial

through. theymaketheiri^ayto the 5itl. .Once ol the Iniury and proceedto eat up any foreigr matter present.After the initial iniurl, neu_ hophilscanbefound therein lessthdnan hoLu. lt takes only a few hours for large numbers to ap_ Pear.

Sunlight to therescue
.. lft"t rn individual is e\posed to ultraviolel [ght, the neutrophiisin his blood are sfirnulated ro ear germs more rapidly. h some research, it was sftown thdt they doubled their ability to enguf bacteria (24, 18,30). If the sun is able to elittlinate bacteriaftum our air, water, and skin, and is able to strengthen the lmmune,svstem of a host, il would naturalJy touow that personsregularlyexposedtu ur_ travioletlight would divelop fewer jllnesses

I i

r [!

\.'-.-i--: I L-]

tl I , il' l' ll

tb. rff.,,.&".
was much higher during the winter and spring months than dudng the summer months (34). Another study using 94,337white boys 12 to :t4 yoarsof age, showed that the incidence o{ (ivihes was directly related to the amount of tunlight available in the areain which the boys llvcd; the rnore sunlight, the less cavities. The boys that lived in areaswith over 3,000hours of tunlight per year had 290 cavitiesper 100boys while the group with lessthan 2,200hours had alh cavities (35). Since dental cavities are partly thc result of bacterial invasion, and since expotur(.to sunlightbuilds up the immune system,it li n()thard to seethat exposure to sunlight could ll|{t cncouragethe reduction of the number of dt,nialcavities which may occur 'lhc polarregions havethe uniquecharacterisllt ()f I()n8 winten in which sunlight is never |.on. Ii) study the polar regionsis to study an afi,r nlmosttotally deprivedof sunlight.The fact lh.rl r',rrlypolarexplorers, upon refurninghome, Arrllrlct('d uncxplainedupper respiratoryinfecllonN in cpidemic proportions, has puzzled mdny sci('ntists. A doctot now studying the heilth of mt'n stationed at a polar research Lase, n i/fs lh.rt thc strength person's lhs\ of a immune lyrt nr r\ wi'.rk( ned during the r\)lar isolatjon. ihr. rft',t,'r'. r, .,,arrhindiiaterthat during rhe winter season, f"ntorrlh'lrrrg arrttrrctic a person's ,rntih'dit's tlturl,rtrnlt and whitc bk)odcells mar (36). I$lly {lrr.rr','si,

factoryworkers. on Rusaian Lightexperiment

were installedthat would providesmalldoses,,1 ulhaviolet light all during the work day llt, number of colds among workers who receiv,"l the light therapy was about 50% lower th r| among workers not receiving therapy (18). havealsodevelopcda lt'\l l, ' Russian scientists check the ability of children's bodies to blril,l immunity and resist infections. The scil'nli'l have found that exposure to ultraviolct li8lrl in winter months, greatly incrt'.t',,1 especially s l,' the ability of the Russianchildren's b()Lir( (33). resistdisease In a study involving over 800childft'rr,rl \"1 that the incidenceof dcnt.rl (,rvilr, discovered

r i .i. rJ .

15:) i e t i s e 5 8

2
no sunshine the oxygen in the blood may proIncrt'asing th'clirecthealing.Oxygenhas beenshown to tn)y a wide variety of bactedain the labora(38).Thereis cvidenceshowing that an in.in the ongen .upply to thp tissuerof lhe prrrmote.healing of a vrriety oi infe(tiou'

I
.s .uch a. deepbonc infcctions (3o.40r
b.rilt,flal ga5 g.rngrene t4l). O\ygcn may

)tchealingindirectly by strengthening the the munosystem.It is known that increasing

51r1ygjn5upply aJ-orn(rcrse5pnduLtiun

slrong, heallhy neulrophil

Figure10 Thesleps ol phagocytosis.

Howdoes sunlight work?

The exactmechanismby which the sur, 1,r,, motesthe ability of the body to fight in{ecti('i r', unknown, but one possible explanationmn\ l\ that ultravioletlight mys cause the scrumch(,l( . terollevelto drop, and a lower serumcholt:t,.r,,1 ('l ll! can increase the oxygcn-carrying capacity blood. When the cholesterol lcvcl of the orirur r', elevated,cholcstcrol becomes incorp()r.rt(\lr1,r,, the wall of the rcd blood cell,makint thr' \\.,ll thick and resistant b the transporl,rl i)\\'ri.rl (37).Decreasing in thc LrLrrilrrr cholesterol creases the capacity of thc rtd blrrl rr,ll. tl' main canierof oxvgcn, to pick up o\y)t r lr,,,rl the lungsand transfer it t()th('cclls ol llr( l!rlr

which have the ability to fight lynrphocytes substances and bacteia (42). lrlra oxygen is required by the white blood lh.rt engulf and eat germs, becauseafter rNhnvet'een engulfedby white blood cells, are madefrom oxygento destroy 'lrtlpoisons (43, 44). Sinceexposureto sunlight [rrms r(.rse ||x the body'soxygen,one mayreadily ' sunlight may alsoincrease the ability of lrow (olls to destroyinvadingorganisms.

hntis "CAMP"?
substance found in almost A vt.ry int('resting *'lL, including lymphocytes,is known as r rtri'rrosine monophosphate. In medicalcirllth lrng namt'is shortenedto cyclicAMP
V' i li'r Ill(.,r'nvcnienceofrrurreJder5, \ (

( lnr$'n l()irbbrcviate it evenmore,referring srrbstance from now on simply as lhlr lt,rrrrrfrrl Ml"' ll high lL'velsof cyclicAMP build up in yt(.s, they becomeunable to func lyrr|h(r .rnd will not be able to destroy ltttrgt|r1v ( n MP m,rynlsodepr.'ss r r'llr (45). other sn r n r r r r ' s v s lr,r ) ln lrrlln . l ) r x l v ' i

r . r ! t . i. r r l

r . 'r t . , ,

r85
wcll-known fact that cancer may Iollow an emotional upset or a period of sevt'rc stress.

Thecup
CofJee, tea, and chocolatc containstimulating $ubstances knolvn as caffeinc, theophylline,and thcobromine. ThL'se substances incrcasethc .lrx)unt of CAMP in bod)' cells becausethey hlock the destructionof CAMP ri,'hich rlourcr nr)rmallv takeplace.Increascd CAMP depresscs lhc abilityof the lvmphocvtcsb function, and is { stimulant to the nervous system. It is by incrL'asin5; CAMP productioninthe cell,thaicolfee 0n(l tca are ablc b produce their stimulating cffr,cts. A decreasc in ga]nmaglobulin hasactuttlly bcen found among coffeedrinkers (47). l'h('rc havebeen rcports that colfeedrinking is frlnt('d k) somctypesofcancer(48).The nicotine In i ignrettes may alsobe a factorin lorverecl imnl(rnrt\i as smLrkers have been found k) have rir rrrscd levelsof gammaglobutin(47). ll is (lifii(.ultb fu1da placefor the useof coffce, lrn, of.lt()(r)lat!'in the sunbather's program.

C A M P inhibitslymphocyticaction. There are manv fackrrs $-hich may elevatc I lr, level of CAMP in the lymphocytes. An und( l standing of sone of these factoN is especi.rll\ important b one who is interested in sunlililrl therapl

Stress
Whenever is und.r *tr.*r .'r i' , rr' a person tionally upset, adrenalinjs poured int() th( \\ . tem from the adrenalgland. Adrcnalin grr,' t,, (Jf( ANII' the cells and stimulates the produclion (46). Thc incrcased CAMP inhibitsth| nl'ilir! ,,1 theimmunesystem canc( f ( ( ll\ lt r.,l b destrov

tflltduts t't1)stnt
lr,, lr.rpt, r i)n canlcer, prostaglandins rverc . ltr t {llt( ||s\,ri .rs to thcir role in inhibiting the imltlrrx. \y\t, rrr. lh,st.rglandins (specifi cally prcsrr(l lir) work bv stimulating the l{t1,1||,llr l t't,llnlr, 1'r*lrr,, ( AMII thcrcby clecrcasrrg rnc lvrlrl'lr,r\ l,5 .rl)ililyt()dosl|l,\ (,rrr((f.{lis(45)

=,.d> = 19,4

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Sunlight's effect ONCAMP

I
I I

find themselves sunburned-Sunlamps su. pendedover a bed are dangerous withoutn tiri ing and shut-off device,Ior many people har,. fallcnaslccpundcr sunlampsand burncd thcnr selvesseverelyThe rvann sedatingsun indu(,-. sleep'ven in mostnervouspersons. Lookata r rl sleepingin the sun and vou rvill seethe unclcril ablcrclaxingcflcct of sunshinc.

CAMP

I I

relaxatk

I I

C A MP !

effect stimulation Coffee's on CAMP

In surnmary
Sunshine airls in maintaining m.tn's consl.,,,l 'nr against Llisease. The sun aids bv dest&ving the germs in nr,r" environment before they enter the body 5L ,, light cffcctivclv kills germs in the air, puirl,, rvater, destrovs bacteiia on exposccl surfre,-. ", cluding the skin, and produces aniib.r!td ,l agents on the skin hom the oils prcsent thi r, Thc sun aicl theresishn(r t,r , s bv increasing individunl. Sunlight incrcascsthe pr(!ir, | ,, and stimulates the activit]' of thc ly'rllh(! \ l, neut()phils, and othcr ccllsof ihc inrrrrrrr, i iem. Thesecellsin turn producerlron',rnlrlr ' 1,, (gtlmma globulin) and intcrfcn,n lo ( 1r,rl I' throughout the body The nct (11{\1r\ ilr,rl 1 ' individual'sclcfcnscs again\t Jis{.r:{ ,}r, rtr,, ,

A strongimmune systemnot only Itrcngthened. wlll helpto protccl oneagain-t thccomm,,n c,,ld' but can also tlu, and other infectiousdiseases, Inhibit canccrIormation and progression.(The is discussed aun'srelationto cancer in the chap|(rfon cancer,) AII of this works togetherto promote health, a rcdu,tionin everything Including fromrerpird, infections to dcntal caries, among those lory pho exposethemselves to sunlight. An added h'ncfit is that u'hilc the sun is effectingall these p()sitive it alsoproducesa marvelously changes, elfect. ItLrxing ()htaining the necessarv amount of light k) the positive bcnclits of decreasing Frr)duce (AMI'is a problem,asthc light providedin most olficesis onlv aboutone-tenththat of hornr'sand (52).Housing should be Out(lx)rsin the shac{e dcaignfd k) provide many large u'indows and the amount of light lkylights, thcrebvincrcasing l h(' cost of artificially lighting a room avrril.rl)L'. Wllh thr pn)p('r intensity is greaterthan most willingto spend.Under thc present Jtd(tPl',)ft, dtr\llst.rnros ()ncshouldspendasmuch time as ()fdoorsto obtainall the naturallight Porsil)k,(Jul hr r.ttt. ln 'o doing he will be strengthening his ovlrrrr'sourccs k) rcsist n hostof discases hrrlV's ri(s nris( anrltlrcirlf.ril(,1

tYl
aha[,

theAir Electrifies unlighl

s n, uith dll hisb@n1s silent fte thesptendid,

I s sudight passesthrough the atmosPhere, lI it ele&rically chargessome of the air motecules,usually in a ratio of4:5 negatrve F kr positiveions. Some of the negativeions are oxvgonions while carbondioide ions contribue toiiic positiveion total. On cloudy days,fewer krns arc formed (1). other factorc in our natural 6tlvironment such as the radioactivity in the soil tn(l nit thunderctorms,and the active moveor trl|nt,'l h iter lhroughtheair a- in a waterfall the to Lontribute Pmducht.r lrtrrvl rain-hower' 0f ions. l|(rrr Allh()tlghvariousheahngand air conditionmg .vst(. s (liffcr in their ef{ecton the air,they genalrd r,i,rllvr, nrov. most of the negahvecharges (2). charges r,ryr'v('rrndd Positjve with Ai llr, trrrrnt'or of positiveions increases, one ion\' .tr,rr hrrr:n,. r,.r* rrrn, t.rtive ,r ,,,r'r, rr. , vr, . i , u l' . , , t r, r" r l t ' 1 | ' \ l r r l r r h c h t n d v l

ll
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Sunlightputs a chargeon the air fatigue,drythronl. ,rrr,l hoarseness, obstructron, (3). air,onth, , 'tlu r charged dizziness Negatively .,rr,l hand, producesa feelingof exhilarati,rrr well-being (4, 5). A Proper ratio bet$t'frr rl! ch.rrll'!l and negatively number of Positively If negatively or ions is important. only P()silr\,l\ charged air is breathcdovcr an extendedlr'rr, ul detrimental efiects nray be observcd (6). tl iotrs,,'itt chargt The fact that ncgativcly s l,, iI verv imP()rl.rrrt botrttrfs monlydisappear /\ s rrn our h(xirl its r'lfrr'ts we understand ' .rrr a study Inrlrlislr(tin th(' l('rr!r',rl example, 'rl Ca n cer Researrltr"ltt'ltt'(l th rl rrt t l. rlr\ ' l\ llr n y t lf(alorrllr' 11,,\' airhasntrltrlrll'll' charged r' \ \ , A r'l r,tlr willl r. rrr, r o f t,r n,i't. ltn"rl'

allowed to breathechargedair while an equal number breathed common indoor air. After one month the cancerin the rats breathing the indoor lir was twice the size of the cancer in the rats breathing the charged air. Calcium lactate(a common form of calcium rupplement) when added to the diet has very llttle effect on the growth of cancer,but when it is combined with the breathing of negatively chargedair, cancerstops grcwing completely (4. Negatively charged air has been shown to decrcasethe respiration late and lower blood presture, while positively chalged air has just the effect(4).One group of rescarchers opposite rethat patients who had high presblood Ported ture andbreathednegativelycharged air had an blood pressure lvt'rage drop of the systolic of 39 mm Hg (8). It()sitivelychargedat depresses the adrenal and their ability to secrete hormones that Slrnds (9, the body against stress 10). Thus, livPftrt('ct irnd hig working indoorscanleaveus vulnerable |o strossunlessthe outdoot negativelycharged nlr is allowed k) comethrough an open window or is properly treatedby a heating or air condillrrringunit. Ncgatively chargedair also has a beneficial !lf(\1 on patients who suffer from hay fever and hnrx hiirl asthma.In one study 83% of the hay l9vr.r pnti('nts tested found some relief while hrr',rlhingnt'gativt'lychargedait up to half of lhr.rl', npt rit'nccdcomplcterelief (6). No|rnally in lht' airwaytube to the lungs there d h ( r,nlinulr s, thin film of mucus coveringthe movedby thousands Ittrlrll w,rll Ilrisnrucus, of lhtv wnvlrtl litt rnll(d cilia, flows up inb the

heater Commercial heatersaller the chargeon the air.

Sln gt. E -E.lr

l9
throat and is swallowed. This action remor',' from the lungs any dirt or germsthat have c()rrr,' in with the air Negatively chalged air increns,l up the rateat u'hi( lr the mucusflow and speeds the cilia move, while positivelychargedair d,\1 just the opposite(11). It is imPortantto keePll)rl film of mucus moving rapidly becausegerms Ir| ,l moved out prcmptly will multiply and inv.r,l,. causingbronchitisor pneumonia.Thus it can lt seen that the qualify of the air we breath( r" fight resprr,l important if we are to successfully tory tract infections. From the above information, we can clr rr\ and make recommenctatlorrl some conclusions Spending as much time as Possibleout-of- d(| iIr in the bright sunlight and negatively charS('(i rll is important.Sincethe outdoorair temainsn(tlr tively chalged during the night, the bedr,r,rrl windows should be open. This may rc(lr,rr,' hear,ybedding duing the winter monfh\ ,trr,l possiblya water cooler during the sumnr,, rrr would probabll l'r,' Watercoolers certainareas. duce a good supply of negatively chargtrl rtr since both the movement and vaPo zalil),i L'l waterhavebeenshown to do this (12). In cool weather during the day it is t r_t t,' keep the inside temPerafureset lowcr irr,l 1,1 wear warmer clothin8. ln that way somf lr "ll outdoor air can come in without raisjn)illrl rooms sh{,rrlt| | ! heatingbill. Thc air in occuPied continuously to maintainits n()i,lr\' changed charge, which is lost when thc air is btrrrtlr,rl (13). sv t, rr\ Ideallyheating and air conditi(nrinlt in 1lI r,rlrrr( shouldbe ableto modifythc t( nrP( f,r)rrr\\\'rll,,'rrl ait movingit into the ocrtrt)i(\l .hntt' losinf!its optimal electricnl

orncrgfewlwce as rarge

lonaand the growthofcancer in expe.imenlal a.

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wlrrdow. rllow chtrgodrlr Intolho homo.

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cobalt r""a'mercur)' ull""*i"J ii'.iuaing bcn/cnc' car'
lr",,n.tn"-", cadmium fluoride'
agenls hdve A number of nt'rjou' <hemical

(hP\achl.'roben. ii'"t'i"i'"air.i'0",Pe'ticidcs ) atuldLrst5

il't.i""i ."irt "i;"rca PtrrPhos i' usudll\ grven i.i",i,t rta crul) The amount ( l' 2) into\icadon iu. urr", trtt"nic Ili,u*r't r.catmcnt' tu '' i:il rti."r' u"'"g given nlight. IPn to Arrni".t,.J..." oiti' t"'ic chemiLal5 not [a5tas did the animdls rei;;.;'i;,';". "' !|llvingthetreatments' - from theani"i,",,i *i'e asfa't
,tr-ft,'t'. f f',. uliiavirrletlight -eemed

\l
.\

*"t t"t"*"d a sfr o mth e * iti l ' ' .,.i "i "g ' ""r ' 8 h t th e r a Py[o increase

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and <hemrcal' illili'],"., ii"i ."'"ooiuetoric

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o[ r*.,i";.' i;J-;;."nt' greal can.cause dustt [he-e ,r'.'"it f"i. aru'. t', ttt" lung' when e\Perimcntdl ii"t,t-, coal air ldden.wth t;bredrhc li"i^ it, ';;,,;i,;t' lviththis "r,,'*.a *.." become lodded l,r.r;, coal the oJ

e\. .ften are lll;il:':j:ilil'. *o,r.",(oal or otherroLr

clearLng iiili ,i,'i n l" n " general *""tmentqdregivenlrrthcse

l'i '"'u+, outs it " Russirninveshgdtor -i*rt, ;;;";'1. !;ii', ,,-"ri','t,t"i^ ^a,'"; a permiltedrhe cun'lution re\ultsrn an radidtion kii,,,tr,uk rh.'r"ltt'N rolet dust fnrm the L, , r, t.'i':", , 't lhc removdlof in Ru\-la dre iurrq; {21 Mrn({' in \rrmearea\

".'" ;n:j ;*':'ll;lfi|;:lilL'#l'fi

chemicals 10

1000

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200

Bussianminersreceiveulttaviolet treatmentrhl to but it alsoseems ,y nr(talsout of the bod)4 minerals trace on the elfect o rr rlramatic ,l I'y the body. The sunliEht'seffectson and nicLel man8anese, bdenum. r, nl(,1) ilillr,ssary to the body - havebeenstudied' Following lefs look at coPper. It rrrrexample, (oPper level the {1lpl, t rpoiure. to sunliSht, it nearly lhri liv.r dropc lo almost hal{ while by irr the blood. CopPer also increases and bones, muscles, skeletal heart, ln tho ||rr othcr tlssues. Ahrrut6{)%of the copperin the muscletissues lrnrtlrl in the mitochondriawhere the body / is pr()duced. The sun's ability to move r In,mlhc liveroutinlo thebodywhereit is i to cncrgy production is certainly a positive ' l (t ). ,rI|l*hl h,rra 'ur?risinBly intricaterelationto thebodys rr$.l.rt\ rr ,,ur body.It accelerates and to metals llty to rlisposeof healy toxic to body vr,t lx, n('(essarytracemineralsin the I nrosl,r(lvnntageous Posihonfor use.

Quartzand otherrock dustsareharmful s lr.tl inhaled, suntght has been shown to accrl,.r,rt,, lhe remo!alolthese du\t\ from theIungr| ., By aidingin the remuvdl oi mdnytu\i, , lr, rrl cai. from the bodr. runlight help. to g,.rrr.r,,r cancer-cdusing agents. Thi\ mdy bc onc ,,t tlr, ways sunlight is abie to reducethe inciderr,,. ,,1 cancer (3). The introductionof a toxic chemicalrnrr, rrrr systemproducesa physicalstresson thc lr"l\ Animalsthat arecontinuallyexposed to sunlllrl treatments are found to have more adrerl.rllr||l their adrenalglandsand heart musclc.l hi:. I r,I suggests that the animal is better able h) s rtll stand stressfulsituationssuch as the intrirlrr tion of noxiouschemicals (1).The skin rr.r1 ,r1.", produceadrenalinwhen exposed to sunliltlrr{l) and may ftrther add to the body,s abilrrr trl Sunlightnot only aids in movint lln, t,,.r,

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nt,ak.l sun so t@ out lioesate tude l$m hru Sr@tthesun, htu snall theshade!" - Richard Le Galienne

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ccendy light therapy has been used for the treatment in newborn infdnt5. of jdundice Jaundice is caused by a yellow pigment 'd bilirubin. which builds up in the skin and cs and turns the skin yello\ / Light therdpy given excellent results, without the risk lch attends exchangetransfusions, which viously had been the usual treatment for ndicein the newbom. Llght therapy was discovered almost by acoI at RochfordGeneralHospital in England. k'r Ward, the nulse in chage of the premature nt unit, was a real advocate of fresh air and nlight. On warm summer days she would h('cl the prematureinfantsout into the courtrd. She thousht that this would be much more eficial to them that the stuffJl warm air of the tor She felt, tbo, that the doctors would bc happy with her if they found out what she doing, so she would hurriedly bdng the fdntsinwhen the doctorsmadetheir rounds.

' r lht -..1 r!..1 :e n

2C,4
Durins ward lounds one beautiful summer day in7t56, Sister Ward showed the doctors a Dremature, unclothed babe. The infant was a pale yellow color except for a very bright yellow triangle acrossthe abdomen. "Sister," said one ol the doctors, "what did you paint this baby with, iodine or flavine, and why?" Sister Ward rePlied that it must havebeen the sun. Unconvinced, th r doctor told her that suntan takes daysto develol Sister Ward finally explained that the darker ycl low area was where the diaper had covered thl child while it had been out in the sun and thnt "the rest of the body seernsto have faded." Sin, r' the infant did well and went home shortly afh l this, the doctors did not folbid the nurce's co| tinuing of the fresh air and sunlight heatments A few weeks later.blood from anolher jaul diced infant was sent to the laboratory for analysis. After an unexpected delay of sevff.rl hours, a very unusual report came back whii lr indicated to the ordering physician that the lab(| ratory work had not been done properly, as llx' reported bilirubin level was much lower th,rr The doctor ordereda fresh sPerin, ,r expected. taken and sent dtuecdyto the laborator', aski A for an explanatron of both the preceding d<l rr of the fust santl,h and of the incorect analysis The biochemistrepeatedhis analysisof tht lrrrl specimen that was still lying on the windox rll in fu sunlight. The bilirubin level in th( lirll specimenseemedto be lower than beforL, ,rl showeda high l, !, I tn though the new specimen bilirubin. These two events stimulated thc d(rt,' lrr action.They fourd that sunlight actu.tllyh.r'. rtt bilirubin, th.ri ,,rr', ! effectuDon the chernical, lghl destroys

lrubin.

\ J6und rce

Sunlightdestroyed theyellow skin color exceplwherediaper shielded the skin.

iaundice, and that sunli8ht treatments were y effective as therapy for the iaundiced ms. This very recentdiscoverymade it possi to avoid the replacementhansfusion. Alrgh artificial lights were somewhat less effit than sunlight, they were discoveted to also offectiveagainst infant jaundice, with the cd advantage that they could be used the r mund. Intcnseblue light has been used.iecentlyto t jaundice in newbom babies, possibly bef(' it is bdghter It seemsto be more effective n .ommon artificial light in bringing down bilirubinlevel especially in dark-skinnedinlr; but as one considers the dramatic efiect lch different types oI light have on health, it mH a far safer measure to use an intense, ll.npt'etrum,white light that would more y nlatch the sun's rays. ln all mankind's rry, n('wborn infants have never been sublo intcnse blue light. What the possible otl" or lon8-rangeill-effectmay be is not lwn, lhc morc that lighfs effectson health rlrr(li(\l th(' more apparentit becomesthat in naturalsunlight llnl.lur' sp(.( trum availabl(' |'ii llx, s,rf('st b( rr,fi,irl n.sults.

'..

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:\

ffg'fljttlS',mpo ,11
"7tu uindolas ol hr sout! thtou
wtlt opal to the sufl .

- lohn creenleaf Wtitrier

. V'l' ' ' //+

-:

(t) '
^ ,t

iii.fic ( AM|) Ih'\ rub\tanLe al5o inoeaseswhen .tn Inrllvlrlrr,rl h(\1rrnr.\r.motionrlly up\et. tt a.t\ lllx'r llx nr'rvrr \\vsh,n1 h\ lrr i,rti il in.r.t.rt(.

tVrh ,rrl,.rrrsirr,, rn,,nopt o.pf,"e

such as melan_ I I ehotv.the physicianwill not neglectthe most [trwi]rtut cure natureoffers.,, {1). ll is obviousto everyone that thereis some_ .. Uttnr.i abouta sunny ddy that is mood-elevafing. lt,'tr,,t,re.pon.c,suchas.,wonderful,,,,,beauti_ ItrL ,tnd,"greaf'. fhose l^ ho tdkeadvantage of tnr. w(..rther bv sunbdthing find rhat the sun t|t.ttrrrk tv hasa trrnquiliing effect.morethat the pnt.(t from iust lfng down and re_ ',n(..,btains lrxlllf, r!\hng, "r As Llirus|din thechapteron infe(tionr, cot. . |r'r it nhtnA Jtt0ct\ the nervous system by in_ tfin{nx,r suh\tancc in the fissues knuwn as

n""I": wrore resdrdins sunrghL: | :,1t1:, Pl mentaldiseaqes ln.cerlain

nVr.,

A sunny day ts mood otovr|thr

IF :,.,..:lLr.,

r.., J 12

208
amounts of x-Iays that television sets may emit (4). He then setup an experiment to test whether environmental lighting had any ef{ect upon h)?eradivry The test ran ovet a 120-dav Deriod and was conducted in fou1,windowless, fust-grade classrooms. Timelapse photographs were taken of the children during thet classes.The children did not know that they were being photognphed or that an experiment was being run. The teachersfelt that the hyperactive childrenls behavior and learning abilities definitely improved under full-spectrum lighting. The time-lapse photographs taken during this period suggestedthe same conclusion (4). This is startling for it suggeststhat conventional fluorescent lights may agglavate behavioral and leaming problems. An interesting incident occurred in St. PetersbuB, Florida, when the management of radio station WILZ decided to b ghten up the gtudio and control rooms by replacing the regular white fluorescent lights with pink ones. Within two or tluee months, the perconnel began to have prcblems. The announcers did poorly on the air; the staff began to oppose the managemcn! employees becameirritable and generally v('ry difficulttohandle.Severaldecided to resign wi thout giving any reasonother than just genenl dlssatisfaction.Finally one employee remarked, " lf thosepink bulbsaien't temoved,I'll go out oi my mind". Somehowthe comment sparkedan hnmcdiatereactionand all the pink lights were nplaccd with white bulbs that day Within a w('('k, tcmpers seemedto be much improved, rrr)perotion and friendtness returned. and all rril*nations w('r(.withdrawn (4)

of red alert. Sunlight is very destructive to thi' substance(2, 3). \4tren levels of CAMP are re ducedin the tissues, the nervoussystemrelaxes This then may be one of the mechanismsb\ which the sun produces its wonderfully relaxinll effect. lohn Ott, president of Health and Light R{' search,Inc., has studied the effectsof differenl types of light on the nervous and mental states(' I individuals.He believesthat environmentnL lighting may be responsible for h]?eractivily i" he discovered children.In 1967, that 12hyper.x tive childrenin Sarasota's special adjustive('drl cahonal centercameftom homeswherethe tr'l{' , visionsetsleakedx-rays. Thetelevision setsw1,r repaired and the children were no l()ng(| nyPeramve, John Ott testified before a Congrt'ssiorr'' committee, and his testimonyhelped l(rr(l l(' llx' 1968Radiatio n Co n t ro l A c t t h a t lin lils llr, '

.-

,.

professordid a psych,. 1c:Uege psychology , lo$cat study to determine the relatonihip be tw-eentinted eyeglasses and fhe beha\.,ror oI 300 colleg students. Three of the students who hot pink lasse<-were generallv rated by :or: tne ta(ulty as being the most psychologicall) upsetstudentson the campus{4). b*q,: a re(enrlvpubtished5rud) Trd ^,lLr showtng that fish are also affectedby different (o/orsoJ light. Vvhenfish ofa certain ipeciesarc e\posed to red Ii#ts, they becomemuch morc aggressivein their behavior in regard to eating more mosquito larvae (5). ln a.:tudy done at the Unjversitvof lLbnors {o) ,, the effectsuf sunlighLtreatmentson physical htness were observed. It was noticed ihat the students who got the sunlight treatments snowed reater interest in their classwork, aF tended classesmore regularlJ, and voted unani_ mously to continue the treatments following the experiment. A t)?ical comment Irom students was: "I think the light has kept me from feeling

tlred du:ring my long hours o{ study at night. I havefelt more wide awake during the day sinceI had the ultraviolet treatment." It hasbeen shown that sunlight treatments actually affect the brain the stimulatingand deprelnd canhelp balance impulses(7). rsingnerwe Patientsthat I work wrth often comment on how wonderful they feel following a sedes of dunbaths, and almost all feel a real need to continuewith the treatments. Natrral, white, fuIl-spech1lm sunlight is the kind that we were designed to work and play in. To produce the most positive effect on the nervous system, envuonmental lighting should certainly come as close to this as possible.

.rtt;1

lfr,'' .

'sunfighr ond sexuotry l:

t'Foryet ae loranonth, a tteal oh bdtuell.thhiol nc wDut

wt,-,,""p"aJiiiil,i

LtKeeuttulen s fllightoh thesea .

0[lt#,l#h*'H:,"*:*ru*r I I,'nrl;:::l J,T,J"**"fi

:'Jili*xiniJ: ru.sm illi,t:!j1?,:-"J:::r ;: "i; trHf;t ,i;n,: "m:*#jl r.:;l:],t
rt4,,u.be\uauy mature much so.r". +i,

N)

|;: ;:;,,, ;:,,;i;;llll;i, l) i,:t,,,,,,,,,,.,,n. rr)iIrr"rll ''' 1;::lll;) 1",'r r, l' , '.r'lI ,,t'., tr,'.tlr ,tr
rrt, rr

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liglt as out-oJ_doors rn

the shade(j).

ffi]lffi*"rf,{##rfl.rr;*r
,m,lll*,;:{{:. I d;,dijJijnilj:
rhc rzso ia ye.,, ::':,.::j:,-o.:li maletv -". "",'..'""1 13.5 years(4)

tr#j$tnfiffi-$
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r,\

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rh, l!\,,-\!d\ .,rr,,!4\ betuccn rhc.rJ_ ...,Nr,rr,,, nrll.rriil,l|rJ\ nn.l nclato"in r.,.-,io,

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ti 13

26
br g h trh l e g h i pro!uction ol slimulales which n lurn melatonin

in the blood streanr. the presence of epinephrine which is producedby the adrenalglandsrvherr an animal is under stress.Melatonin,therefort, may function as a strcsshormone as the othrl adrenalhormonesdo (4.

Exposure of theskinto sunlight hormones fficts one's

lvhen surllight strikes the skin, it Producessr\ reports hormones in the skin itself. Research show that sunlight produces an estrogenlik( substance in the skin which moves into tlr, will start the menstnr.rl blood. This substance femalerats and mice (8).Surr cyclein castrated light elevateshurnan-female hormones, ;rr,i will elevatehuman-malehotmones even m('r, rapidly (9). The author has observedthat, dependirrll upon the prcbleminvolved,young women w lt,' are not having rnonthly periods may establi.ll regularity following severalmonths of srrrr bathing and an out-of-doorlifestyle. A former patient, who was a 23-year_,'L,l nurse, complained that she had nof hr(l ' menstrualpedod for two years.When I t1rr,', tioned her as to her physicalactivity during ll',rl time, she told me that during the two v(,11 period and P or to that t1meas well, shc lr,r,l been indoors almost all the time. As a slu(l, rrl nurse, shehad beenvery busy with studit s .rrr,l work and so had not had tlme to sPcndi)rrl ,'l doors. I advisedher to begin a sunbathint pr()gr'rrrr.

ultraviolel

adrenalin increases (immedLate rcsPonse )

lo Sunlight. HormonalResponse

vcry slowly at first with only a few minutes ouFof-doors, then to graduallyinoeaseher time In the sun to several hours as her body becarne lccustomed to the program. Within two months of beginning the sunlight thcrapy,she had a small menstnralperiod; the nr'xt month her menstrual peiod was normal, lnd she has menstruated regularly since that llme. Another patient, a s0-year-oldwoman, came hr me because ofseveremenopausal symptoms. instability Etnotional and hot flashes were causingher geat distress.I started her on a pioBressive sunbathing program, and after lhrL'omonths she reported that her hot flashes w('r, almo\tgune,and she has redllyen]oying llfc rrowwith her new-Iound emotionalstabiliqr As previouslymentioned,male sexhormones by sunlight.Wlen the chestor afo nlsoelevated is to sunlight, the male hormones boek exposed Ildy increase by l20 per cent. When the genital lruir is exposed,the hormones increase by 200 p(.rl.ont. When equal areasof back and genital inchesof each)areexposed tlln (suchas4 square lr' ltunlight,there is almostno rise of male horascompared Ittorx.fromthe the backexposure to rise of hormonewith the sameexposure it ll{r{)Ll o[ llx'guital area(9).This finding is consistent wllh tht' principlethat differentareas ofthe skin, Wln'rl fxposcd to sunlight, are more effective lhrrtr otht'rs in having certain effectsupon the hxly As.rnotherexampleof this principle,skin on lln, h.r.k is far more effectivein poducing vllnnrinl) th.rnis skin of the abdomen(10). More .rbout the skin's specializedareas Inlor'rrr.rti(n) nrdyll'' (li$ r)vfr('d in the futuft'.

, 13

21
late the pineal body to produce more melatonin. This will in tum affect the hormone-producing glands in the body (12). On the one hand, it appea$ that sunlight, by way of melatonin, depressesthe function of the Sonads; on the other hand, sur ight appears to stimulate the gonadal function by way of increasing the sexhormonesin the skin. How the conflicting aspectsof solar horrnonal stimulation corelate is yet to be understood. Perhaps the Antagonisticeffects upon the gonads provides a Protectivecheck and/or balance.
Pe.cenl of calcified pinealglands

TESTES

MELATONIN

ADRENAL GLAND

OVARIES

BRAIN
paterns changeswave ol electroncephalograms)

Melatonin nndcancer
Continuing researchconfums again and again lh (' imp o rt a n c e o I r n e l a t o n i n . W h e n t h e mdatonin-producingpineat gland is destroyed hr nnimals,they becomemuch more susceptible kr (nncer; malignant melanomaswill grow lalger ind metastasize to more areasof the body in a nimals lh('sc than in thosethat havefunctioning (13). l glands Plnc In humans,the evidence that light is involved wllh c;,ncer is coming into focus. When the pln('alglandin humansbecomes calcified, it cuts down its productionoI melatonin (14).This, in llrrtl, stimulatesthe production of estrogen, whlalr rrruscs an increased amount oI breast ( l5). Up to 60 per centof Americanshave _t'arxr,r rhl(lll\l pin('al glands when they are over 50 ylarh (n ,rB('(16). ln Japan,only 9.9 percent(14, ttlrl i Nit,r'fi.r5.04per cent (18)of personsbepinr\rlgl,rnds. Sinceth.' Yt|t'l 4{l h,rvr.cnlcificd
Americans Japanese Ngerans over4o ov9r40 over4o

Melalonin affectsglandsot the body. In young men and women, sexual inadequa.\ or dysfunctionis usually a psychological prob lem. [n aging men and women, a deficiency,'l the sex hormonescan producesexaral dysfun, itcan mak( ,1 tion. When hormonesarereplaced, dramatic difference. Perhaps sunlight can 1r' used effectively to replace the deficient hor mones.There may also be many other disr'.rs, and abnormal conditions,which product.h,r mone deficienry that could be helped bv srrrr light heatments. Thereis someevidence in the scientifi(lit, r.r ture that adrenalin is producedin thc skin rlrrrrrr11 exposureto sunlight (11).Adrenalin r'.tn.trr||!

Calcitied pineal glands of differenl cultures.

.r Ir .l e

l ,B

221
a .'(=

s
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O z v n t v io h

'4n
4',!_) '\

,:'\-

$i7 \\

7:1\::

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thin rat

lal rat

Sunlight's effect upon the weighi of experimenrJl animals.

Experimental animals that receive sunlight treatments lose weight as compared to animals given the same diet but not the sunlight heatments (19). How the sunlight treatments were able to causea weight loss is unknown. The investigator who did the expedment, howevel, decided aftervariouste5t5 thdl the $eight lo\wasdue lo the sun s stimuldtion of thc th).ruid gland. Recent evidencenow makesit clearthat sunlight does stimulate the thl'roid qland to iirlrease ' hormoneproduction(20). Stimulation of the thyroid gland increasesthe body'sbasalmetabolism rate, buming up more cnergy or calories. When sunlight strikes the skin, it also increases the tone of the musclesunder the ex(21). This, in turn, burns nL,re skin Posed c0briesand would increase weight loss.

S)6! '-.-,".-\_/s=
siimuales lhyfod gland

'\\ lr;

QIfN}
I i

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tncreasesrone in musces

Sunlight'sinfluence on weight.

Summary
inridcnc(()f breast cancer is low in Japr|r,r,,,1 S,,trth Afrita and high in North Amerii..r., ,l lioft)lt, il would appearthat calcified pino.rt..,,, rsso( r,rtc(l with an increased ()rr)r,.,..1 incidence lh(, r',rs(rns why the pinealgtand bLr,,r,,, (,rl(ilirrlr( rn.rin obscure_ Thelow lighl irrl,.r r\ ll).rlth(' hr|I.rn cyereceives whilt,inc rrr: , ,, ,, Irrrrrl r|it h lll. lackof stimulation of ttr,.t,,,,,, nr,rrl!, l,kt,)l\ .onh-ibuting to catcifir.rli, )l ,,t rt , II'i\ hvp()thesis deservcs fuf rlr, ,.r, t r, l\ l'r r ',r l Although the evidence is fragmentaryit does rppcar that light plays a powerful role in the ltr l.lnceand rhlthm of the hormones in the body. ()ur ('nvircnmentallighting shoutd be suchthat It Inntcht's the full spectrum of the sun. Also, the hl('nsity of light indoorsshouldbe in(:Ieased, as Inrrr ll.r\ i" prdctical. by uqing morcwindow\dnd rlvlitlrt\. ( urtain<.hould be pu,hcd bacl to llhrw ,rll thc li,lht possibleto ento the room. l)nrk nilrrls nnd l)ri,thttl.ryswill hclp keeprhc lro r n t (, rir'Is n t h , lrrlr lr' 1 , ii,, n i l l l l p r ( , p ( , r l y .

'

223
'lr'il:

,, {r

l'dL ahcrplef

unlight nd Werewolves
rrl
.\
a da'kside uhich heneoet is a noan,and has - Mark Twain

t.
^',-

or cenrurie"peoplehavebelievedthat huI into wnl\eq man- rould be transiormed I ! This transformafionwa. thought to be the result of personal intent, by the witchoaft of others, or by the instigation of the evil sPirits. Out of this legend have grown many spinetingling horror stories. Stories of werewolves in the literatureof five contihavebeenrecorded nents and reached their height during the Middle Ages. In studying the medieval descriptions of werewolves there seems to be a surpdsingly common picture amon8 them. They hairy creatureswith were usually excessively greenish or yellowish skin, with many severe soresand scarsoq the face and hands. The mouth, lips, teeth, and urine were red and the (.ycsunsteadyThey were (to saythe least)mentall), deranged.They were usually found wandoringat night. lt wasfelt that the soresandscars wcrc fn)n\ rlsr!'inting with wolvesor perhapsas on humans.The ,t ( n\(rlI( rr (, r,l lh|ir nttacks

224

Werwolf

t(Jl\' red mouth, teeth,and urine werebelieved r' blood{1,2) Werewolvcsrvcr' from sucking cJr'r' porled Lo ocflrr more than once In lhe familv (1). () Phvsicianstodav know that the symPtoms | '1 p"r cone'enitaldiseaie called erythroPoietic tl( the to oftviiu f,u"" a remarkable relation lcr'iptive rnedieval accounts of werewolvr's l\ iryitt-poleti. p".pt 1,"idis a disedsecau\eLl dmoLlnt\ Large of 'r th; build-upin the hssues liSht-sPn'lh\1 are which molecules oorohwin irvii"'rirnt shiles this molecule il is acbvJl'11 (auc' * and becJmes\erv destrucbve lt will. of the body l' { sLufa(es u"," to."a on t lr' ".pot"d o n u iin it . u t o i" a re d a n d will d is c o lo r in ll! [o'uitr, t"eLh,una uane when it build5uP oltrrl body. Individuals with this diseaseare in ,r'r"il., tt"nc" prll;d {yellowish-green) col''t \ rll irlu?lnnot u"'"tpoJd to light as its eftects N lo be very destructive;hence, they hdvP 'l (trl\' out inaoori a.,rittg the day and venture durins the night. tir werlwolvei, in alJprobabilit) mavbe the 'l albeit extreme, recolded casesof Photosensltrv rrI itv Sensitivitv to sunlight still lemains a Pmbk caus' can drugs and tJdav A number of diseases to sunliSlrl sensitive abnormally becone skin'to fr Carotene, the percursor to vitamin A' apPe'r to b" b"n"fr.i"l in t."uting some tyPes of Phoi" fft" itching 6Lrming' 16'inss' rrIl '.";,iUtu s k in . is d ra ma li! rl' \ s we llin go f t h e e \ P o s e d cu-t"ne is inLludedin the diPt{l) .u."d rv"h"n Ce rt d in d i5 e a s e s lile s v s t e mi' lu p t t abnormalsensitivity1" may cause ervthematosis i\ unknitt" ol thi5disease light.Thee\actcause thata \ rrutr'r"\ thereis tomeevidence hirwever, rl L. involved.If so, sunlightcouldbe very helplr

I tuildine up the while blood (eus that fight lral infeltions rhose with sy-temit luPu\ shouldtakeextracarethat they do vthematosis it b,:come sunbumed. Their inihal exPosure sh.'uld suntighttheraP), n', when begjnning loa grddudll) uP build dnd theyshould brief, time out-of-dools. Carotenecan help decreasethe burning effect sunlight (4), as well as Protect lgainst.the (J) nliehtlsensihlng effecto[ certaindrugs bu-rn' it that Many drugs*niitire the skin 'o rlly. A partial list of these more common drugs below in Table1.
Clinical observaton
sunbum Exagqerared

Clinicaluses
agenr Antibacterial

Elgqsg4edj{lblll j,tlqejl ExaggeratedsunDum Hypoglycemicagents orb/me

Skineirupnons Diureticsior hiohblood P.essure andra$es

!l?!919s

Itrnquitrze,"

lnllblotics

Broad_sPectum

O teotutttn supPress used10

sunbun Potenliates

44hq
and olher cosmelics consutrxt p.ooucls

226
tabh i. by no mean5ci,mptet!, ti,rl . .Thedbove w the reddera Fve generdJ list of r driouj nr,1tl 't canons.that mdr cause problem\ whrn o||. I, ," the sun. A\ an c\amptc. dnoscpr., . :)P,.T: added Losoap\ and other cosmed< compouJl, t.. may cause problems. Careful studies h.j\,. snuwn that under condition. of normdt |L,. even Oart-skinnedindjvidual. who are \en.rt,\,. ro theseprirduclscan suffersevere sunblrrn,rlr,r in Lhesuntighr for onJy a ferr rrrrrr l1u.S_o"tt .ures r)t. Manr of the.e person, probdblv ,., I rnev.aredllergjc to .un[ght and avoid it 1,,r, plerelv u hen a(tuallv the antj.eptic in thcir.,,,1, ('r cosmeticis causing the problem. li y,)u believeyour.clr il be ertremetv,rr,.r . hve to \unUght. checl with yo|.U"physi(i;n ., ,,. rne (au5eol your photosen,itjvityj l;ok ovur lt,, rrsti,i drugs in this chapter, e\aminc yollJ , , \r,, ncc and soap\. and maLe sure to inclurl,, ,lj ampreamoLrnt of carotenc in yourdiet. Ab,,\,..r1 avordburning by carefully beginningwrth.r | | , I erposuretime and graduallyincreaJne t,,,, r ,,. a<your body's tolerance to the .un i. i;( re.r.,. I

II
;

I
I

hl

22

iihr p1

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15 lYi]flllgl,TlBbu
altd loin " "IIve cohlatEth tike sunshine Wiliam ShakesPeare

| 7t.

llterature of many different periods of history In 1815, Dr. Cauvin wrote concetning a severe case of arthritis that he carcd for personally. I believe that the sun is a powc ul cure for rheumatism. Here is an observationof mine to compiove it: ln lanuar), 1808,one of my colleSe radcs, age 23, was attackedwith acute arh.ular rheumatism,first in both knccs, then inth joints of the leg and foot- There was rednessand swef ling around each....In spite of aI treatments,the .ondition becamechronicand he bccamebedridwenton until mid-April..-.1decided den....This to takc him to the countr)' We rcnted an aPartment with a southern exposure in St. Germain....I tried to have him receivethe benefit of lisht as soon qs possible.I canied him from his $d to a reclining chair in the sun. The first day,the shockof this new life fatigued him a little and in the evcning he had a little fever. The nxt day I was less anowedhim to rest.The secondexposure increased my fatiguing and succssiv exposures

he use of sunlight for treating arthritis datesback many centuries.Reportsof its hcalingehc(t are recordcdin the -cientific

-,

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rs

231
hopes. As the sun becamstronger,so did nr! lh, fime for in-ol ' nt. LJ.h dd\ | pn'h'nsed DJfi. t.rn. er fir.r hi-, l.'r.r eirr,.miue,..ites of th were exposcdto the sun, but coverdb\ discase, linen cloth dav and niqht. Littlc bYlittle l remov.,l and e\po.cd thc blrc -lin .l ol the (1.'lhrne a manelou. re-ull. Littleb) lilde thc j"rr I rarned slvellins went down.. On rainy or cloudy daysI placed previouslv warmed flannels around th' io'nr.. in tt" , v.ning. I erpo'ed lhe jL'inr' I s ilh t\' glos inr..u,rl.,but I wa. more.u.'ce--ful Ii."r it'', .un. s,''n lhe pdiienlcouldmo\e n "r in 1lr s- He took his first stePs limbs in all dircction ' in th' $'alk a short 15, took house. On lune 've forest. Eventualv my friend fclt recoveredonr pletely and he nevei has had another ans'k (il You will notice that it bok several months ,'l sunbathing before bcneficial results were oh tained. Sunlight is a lot like exercisein that it .r\ takc a number ofwecks be{ore beneficial resullr are observed. ln 1845, Dr Bonnct, in his book on the trcrl ment of arthritis, also recommended sunlight ,rr the choice treatment for arthritlc, swollen kn(r

(2). in Rrr' esPecially In someforeigncountries, 1" rouhnelv given are teatments sia, sunlight

miners becauseof their beneficial effects ln ,'rr' study there was a definite reduction of arthrrlL in those mincrs who received the sunlighl h, ,rl ments (3). Cortrsone is used to treat arthritis ltSrnrt,rll\ scems to decreasethe s)'mPtoms ()f i('int P rr L although long studies have shoh'n thnl it will rr"l stop the dcformity that occurs wilh :i !( f( ii thritis. Cortjsonewas grvenhr on( lln'rrlr'rt ( rrL dren w,ith severcarthritis rvhilt .r srrrrrl,rr 11t"tr1'

( k'.rrcr h.rrLr prclrrr( ,,fthcr^ayqinwhicharthrrp|l rIf, ()t the ways in whic l{rvt..r lr, llrlk,rrlsnriBlrr l!. lr, l1'rril.y sunlight.

was given sunlight treatments. The arthritic s).rnptoms of those taking cortisone decreaserl morerapidlvbul the people in that groupwere also more su\cpptibleto infecti ns and sufferecl some side effccts from the cortisone. Although the drthritic .),rnptomr oi the grL,upgetting the sunliSht treatmcntc dccrea*ed m61.,q6* 1, ..1.J did come.Resistance to infectionincreased and, of_course. no one sufcred fr,,many of thc sidc elecLs thalac(ompant corti\onc treatment {4,. Lrne ol lhc l^urst type. of arthritisi. rheu_ matoid arthritis, for it can causeseriousdefor_ mity i,f thc drrn5 and lcEs.lhe blorrd oi pcrsons n a v rn gL h t rd j. e d re u s u dl l yh a s a n a b n o r m a l antib, callcdrhcumatoidiactor, and thi" factor 'dy canbe.?roduced in expe mental animalsby re_ peatedlyinjecting them with bacteria.Humans may also develop this rheumatoid factor at times when theyhavea chronicinfection,but it usually disappears after the infection has cleared up. Because oI this and other available information, most researchersfeel that rheumatoid arthritis may be causedby an inJectious agentsuch as a vDus or a bactedum (all of the evidencers nor n yef\rncetheog:cndingbug" ha- not beeniden_ tified). Sunlightlan help arthritisin sevemlways.The warm raysloosenstiff, sorejointsand canhavea Scneral rcla\ing effect. Probably the greatest ef_ fcct which sunlight has on the disiase is the buildingup of the immunesy\temdnd of the h,\ly \ rc\istance lu invadinB germ\.Sinl:e.ome lvl,\ r'l drthritjsmav be cau\ed b1 germ,. a r' vr' w Ihc chdpler on infectiuu. direase. will "l

r,r

l. l

L,-:

e :!!

,:.e

15

. r' 5.r 9.1 Arhr s ...r [1i.].-P

21
Wounds
Since the 18th century, sunlight has been known to be benefioal for the healing of wounds (5). Additional favorable reports of the wound healing effect of sunlight have become availablc more recently(6). Woundsreceiving surilighttreatments seemkr heal faster,bettet and have a much greaterblood supply (7). The fact that sunlight keeps a wound germ free, suggests one way in which sunlight en couragesheding (8). It seems, howevel, thal since there is more rapid healing and a bettor blood supply in germ-freewounds heated with sunlight than in wounds not so treated with sunlight and yet equally germ-free, that sunlighl must promote healing in more ways than jusl keepingthe wound ftee of germs.The sunli8hi may promote production of a hormone th,rt stimulates cells to rapidly divide and multiphr thereby promoting the processof healing (9,10) soresand ulcers of this t?e have Blow-to-heal been found to be helped by ulhaviolet liSht (11).

Adultjaundice
by a number in adultscan be caused Jaundice (viral) hepatitis is factors. Infectious different of accompan),'rng one diseasein which the iaundice may usually be decreasedby sunliSht treatmonts. In my expedence,patients with this discaseseemto do much betterwith sunliShttreatmcnts than patrentswho do not take the heatto sunmcnts.It seemsprobablethat exPosure llght not only krwers the level of the bilirubin, causes the iaundice,but also strengthens t/vhich viruses immune 5).lem so that the invadin8 th( nrnybe deshoyed more quickly.

Cout
Ultraviolctlight is believedto aid in excretion of uric acid. This #ves support to the use of light in the treatmentof gout (14). ullr,rviolct

Sores andulcers
There are many factors which may lead to irr pairmentof the circulation of the blood, eith, r'rrr a specific area of the bod, or in the whok , tt culatorysystem.Someof thesefactorsar('(Jh , iry paralysis, old age,prolongedfever,dinh(1,, anemia,etc. \ryhenever one has impairnx rl ,,1 the circulation,he is in danger of dcvcl'1'r")i body sores, which may lead k; ulctnli,rtr 'rrr,l even gangrene.It is encouagint l() nr)l, lltrl

Psoriasis
is a common disease of the skin I'sori,rsis whir h is oftcn treated with sunlight therapy of the world |r1rL,who live in hot, sunny areas than arethosewho to this disease trr l',ih slrlri('ct livr.lrr ,,','lcr aroas(15).Also, the bothersome rV rrl, l, l|ri5 nn ( l ( i l r ! l \ ( , i n P i l t i c n t ' sc h r o n i c

iL. !l.r A1 . ts.r.d ! ls . e

oneoLsDs els er 15

234
psoriagisseemto be reduced during the summer months. Regular sunbathing can usually keep psodasis under contlol. The dietary recommendations in this book are especially imPortant for psoriasis patlents.

A rareskincancer
A rare, malignant skin cancer,known as mycosis fungoides, has been treated very successlully with sunlight therapy. Barbara Gilchrest of Massachusetts General Hospital's Photobiology Department rcports that 10 of 11 patients with this condition achieved 957o clearing during a three-year study Two who con_ tinued treatments are still disease-freeithree of the eight who stopped the heatments died of the disease(17).

Acne
that is Acne is another common skrn drsease frequently treated by sunlight. When sweil glands become plugged and inJected, sunlighl can help to sterilize the area. Dead cells in th, outer layer of skin tend to plug up the swt'.li glands. in whichsunlight, by catr.i'll: d situation a moie rapid renewal and removal of the outi r' Iayer of skin, is very benefrcial, for it allows th, sweat glands to drain, decreasingthe congcsti(, and inflammation in the surrounding areas. Here, we must emphasize again,that pers(Jrr" having a skin disease,such as acne, must nl tempt to follow carefully the specialdietary pl.rrI which this book recommends for sunbathers.

ulcers Peptic
Russian scientists have been experimenting with ulhaviolet lieht for the treatment of ulcers. They found the light to be beneficial not only in the healing process,but also in the prevention of lhe reoccunence of ulcers (18,19).It appearcthat ultraviolet light has an effect on the deep internal organs. The pancreas, stomach, liver, kidneys, dnd adrenal glands are apparendy benefitted by light treatments. The effectis seeminglydue to lho stimulation of the sympathetic nervous sysl(.m (20). Sunlight can alter the flow of hydror'lrluricacid, which may be the reasonstomach oncl duodenal ulcers respond so favorably to llght thcraplaThe adrenalglandscontain more rtrlrt.rralinfollowing sunlight treatments, and lhlN nray accountfor one's increasedability to (20). wllhslrnd stress aftersuchtreatments

Baldness
There are reports in the scientific litcrdtur( ,,1 the use of sunlight to stimulate hair gr()w,th,,' pecially in a condition called alopocia nr(,rt.r. Il ofhair falloutand requir. rn(,rllr , which patches (16). 1'horough, controllt'rl strrrlr, to iegrow need to be done in order that wc mnv ltr,,\\ rl can, in fact,br ( urr\1.,,r rl sometypesofb.lldni'ss the Iate of prt)B,rrssivclrlldness nr,tv h rir'r, ,l by sunlight.

237

How to Sunbothe
'Ii,ha|ee thesu,1?" toyed

t6

ahcplef

Howlong
hen one conducts a question-andanswer period after lectudng on sunlight therap), almost invariably sometnn'will ask, "How long should I sunbathe?" At fl|st, this question seemssimple enough, but ring it properl\ u5uallymeansgiving d nrrsh( flirly lengthyexplanation. Firstof all, one should f nsult his physicianbefore beginning a sunIt'rlhint program.He canbestevaluate your parproblems. lhlrlnr needsand possible ( )no's sensitivityto sunlight is the first decidhrE In.k)r Some can spend hours duting the Itlnurrcr out-of-doorsand not becomesunbrttrx(1,while otherscan spendonly a few mrntrlri Asrn.ntioned in an earlierchaptet many soapscan so sensitize tlrtlis, r'osrnctir's.rnci the rLIr lh.rtburnintil)1\\'rrr, s a rcalproblem. GenI t n lly I r|t )rr(l, I r, l r, , l lr, rir , ( lP c 0 p l cn c c d t o

'-l

238
begin with brief exposuresto sunlight, and they will requie less total sunliSht than do brunettes, the light can Passmore readily through because lighter skin. Dark-skinned peoPle can sPend more time in the sun initial), and then they will need to indease their exPosure time, beaause sunlight does not readily Penetratedark skin. The time of day that one is able to sunbathe is important, becauseas the sun dses higher in the sk), more ultraviolet light rays becomeavailable. This is becausethe atmosPhereis in a uniform layer around the earth, and the hiSher the sun dses in relationshiP to a given Point, the more directly its rays can shine uPon that Point Especialty during the winter months (when the sun is low) sunbathing, either early or late in the day,will not be very effective. Jogging in thc early morning or in the evening will give some exercise and fresh air, but he will miss the sun's healing mys. During the summer, it is Preferable to sun bathe earlier in the day while the air is coolet becausesunbathing can become uncomfortablc as well as dangerous during the heat of the day. Overheating is definitely a thing to avoid. If onc feels himself becorning too warm, he should move into the shadeor takea lukewarm showcr One can alwaysgo back to sPendmore time in the sun after his body has cooled.One shoukl not be afraid of sweating, asthe sweating Proct'ss cools the body and eliminatestoxins, 6nd th( that can absorbsonl,' sweatcontainssubstances ()[thesun'' burnin8rdy*( I). The beneficral effectsof the sun varv not orllv to the time of the day but also,rc|or,l according ing b the locationon the ea h. Toilluslml,' l),ts

Weshingand lhen sunbalhing.

Ullrlvlolel lighl ls llltorodout when passingthrough largo omounlBol nlrrro.Phor..

24C^
rhe Jm!\unl "f :r'rnLght the dme,'l da) a{cLl\ 40

i " i - i,,"1ar o,ior "nn,n' "\r r r r hAm( r ica itic"t' \hi.h ht' uldl' r kein' uch' " ,.' r ' f",i,"a" Indir nr Poli* ' r nd t"l; L"i.i iL) . Den\( r ' \krnJ' \4hilc unt"rrn'd u-c l', r Fiir"J"ror',* it .'," u"'J r"a ,"n'id'r ho\ mu'h 'unlight r ( d tur nin* ,' ""fJ"1" iutt r n' tr r t the - kin
I rt e\Pn\urc Brrrnine c,ruld 'lar t In ldkt Pldr

tooclobcr t"\- trom\4'rrch t-i.a i6 .i",,,*, 'r. 8 h'ol Pla'i bch^cen runbrLhrnd "",,i.f."1,t'"r v tebruar cmbrtlhruugh I.,.1+ o. '. rnd " "l"r rhnnn minutclongcr i ,"l,'i.r i.r. .*r' cen bet\^ d"n" be e tu h'1\ iflf ." "'to " to "rt"ir'ti.g

Al'r'la: ol slrn noonPosition r'"rU Summer sun' Hc l\ in r r i of \ r ' f.r, "f,'"','r.rrd and winternoonPosition i' " . iil' . . ^ i" " . r o ' lo o rk h ' r lm c\P''-ur' fL'rr0mrnu!'*or ind Letunr'r.rJ "",,iigi' Heri

latitude 60'n(rrth ll,"1i,*,',f.T'-,n anarea ihe-r'ulhctn

ru I"'r'ti"nfrumAPril " " l'"*int lhe tunb'rthn* \^cre d'rne

i"rl

.^'''."'r.".

Table I affecting Variables lengthol sunbath

ols!! 1yE,

\"r em bL r r ..i"f." s' "r r rand 4 pm I n' m t" get ir.,.,"*frr .f.r' ' rt n1d\bc rmP""ible turn Pink I. Iru'c lha 'lin tt' "."rifl ""figt], r'"". ti' irl eftc' oi t' 'unlight "rn ,i,lll""'i"i red' '' th< 'r,r, turnirg 'Un $ith'ur ,"rt"i..a l. t,inte;'unbalhirlts'anbc """.1. ",,rifr.t".t"''' helPfuL
!\l ddv 'ed\on It i'.rpp.trcnt noN lh'rl th" hm( h hen rmp'\rlJnl rll .,f ir.'. t'"1. ,".r ldliLu'icdr"

or,^rJcJ

the amountof ultnvlolet that may change factors tight available.These are Iactors which, of cannotcontml. the sunbather cource, the One last imPortantitem, which concerns lcngth oI time to sunbathc,is the cnvironment wherethc sunbathingtakesplacc lf one js sunbathing at the beach,he will probablyburn in ['ss time than on the back lawn. The amount of ultravioletlight reflectedfrom the cnvironment Sno\'r'rvillreflcct can make a big difference. and dry sand177o, ultraviolet, nbout85% of the ultraviolet of is a poor reflector grass 2.5%. Water light, contraryto PopularoPinion. There ate a number of factorswhich tend to nccelemte sunburningwhen one is at the beach. ultraviolet As mentionedabove,the sandreflects ravs more ultraviolet arc there so that light, direchons, ftrm all l)ouncingat the sunbather, than he realizes,Then, too, cool oceanbleezcs I('nd to giveonethe feelingthat the sun'sravsare ofthe rurtas intenseas they reallyare Reflectron may overhead, blue sk)' a clea!, sun's rays by which lays ulhauolet rtouble the effect of the ,,rnrefrom the sun itset{.Add to this the effectof lh(,wide, openbeachwith few or no buildingsor Irrts to cut d own the ravs from overhead or lrom and onebeginsto seeholl' reflectron, lho bcnch's , ,rsilyonc mayburn beforeherealizesit.A bPn'h Table ll surfaces Retlectinq

envrcnmefl surrcundrng

mu!hhm' ro'unhJrh' Flcvd ll".u;';;;,t" PJrtr"r-unhurnjnt i'',"1r',,orl'"" D.n*r cri'nlp"rr'rni 'nir'-hreh i:',"i ::;;:,i.;l;; 'r th( fnr 'rrn'' rJ\\ .r,al'. ,ni" t ln Jt rr le\"l $ hi(h r'' rhn'uch " r,n'.,*Ph"rc r.* i,'"*"' i" "r "li' r ur hr ' lirr ! r r ' lr l' .iaii' ' " "' ' ' ' - Ph' r i' r ' t' t' """ 1;;",;' ; .' ' ,' ,,' " tn r h' :ur r "' r r r r r ' *1

242
on each area by, PerhaPs one minute or longer every day If you turn slightly pink severalhours after the exposure, hold the t1mesteady for sevelal days and then again start increasing the exposure time. It is best, when startinS, to keeP the time lower than necessary rather than lonBer and expedencing a burn. Don't overkill! Never burn! Very fair-skinned people and albinos who do not tan can become resistant to sunbum by repeatedexposuresand the thickening of the outer layer of the skin. Try to sunbathe during the same Pe od of time every day and in the sameatea, so You can 6oon know exactly how long to stay A queshonthat comesup ftequentlyis, "Can I onl" The answeric. with my clothes sunbathe to be effecremember that sunlight, but "Yes," tighdy woven the skrn, and tive, has to shike material will filter out the ultraviolet as well ag the visible light. Therefore white, loose-knit clothing is best in this casebecausesmall a mo un l so t I i g h t c a n P e n e t r a t PT . he circum $tances and the situahon certainly will dictate how much skin can be exPosedwhile sunbat hi ng. ln a semipdvate drea, a bathing suit canbe wornj in a more public area,shortsand a brief, white top may be more appropdate. In a serludcd area,sunbathingin the nude may be in ortler. Certairily one showe$ or bathes nude. the sameway.if the Whnt'sto hinder sunbathing allow? r'ir!.umstances do I Put "What kind of crt'am,lotion or screen srrnllrlhing?" fhis question whil on nry skin "No !vilhlrl i'ntphatic, lrt..rr!\!r'r'r1l ntuslnlwnvs ( r l i r r w , r s h c iw l ith ' ! llr,'lx'rl llrrrl!"t L r r r r , , l . rr

Reflection of ultravloletlight on beacheven in the shade. umbrella may screen one from the direct ovcr head rays of the sun, but not from those reflecte(l off the sand and othe! su:rfaces. One other thing to remember is that wet skin will bum more rapidly than dry skin (3). Possibly by now you are completely contus('rl as to how much time to sunbathe. It really comfs down to a programthat varieswith individu.rls The best way to start is by experimcntin$, perhaps2 minutes on eacharea - fn)nt, bn(k. right, and left side - in full summcr sun, nnrl then one shouldgiaduallyincreas!' the cxp()srrr'

formahon of cancercells (4). Most of thc tan creams,butters,and lohons have bascand they shouldnotbe used. agents,like those basedon Sunscrecning $-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), r'{i11lilter out g ravsbut will sfill allor^bumetanning to pass.However,many of the theraPeuti. healingcffects of sunli8htareblockedout by agents(5). se sunscreening its way into so many is finding PABA,which is mnning into trouble. en preParations,
esearchcrs have norv discovered that the remical causesincreased genetic damage when

245

Avoidsuntanlotionsand sunscreens. plain rvatcr to removesoap 6lms and cosm(tr, that may scnsitize it). "But I burn so casilythat I can'tstayout in rIL, sun very long." Thcn, get out of the sun s(xi,,,I as there is no cxcusfor lying out in bright sr,l light for hours, using lotronsand scrl'cns,il \, ',I are not seasoned to it by graduatt'd,r]ny br' ,1,r exPosule. "The sun d es mv skin." N(,1il \, l . usesunlight moderately anclingrrd(|rtc(l(1,r" your skin v|ill,lrr' ,,,,r If vou overdo it, certainly and flakeand peel,but usc(ln!rlit,rtr'h1. srr,, Iightwill givetheskina soft,\'flu tv srrbll, 1,,I alongwith a hcalthygl(n{ As proviously D1('ntiono(l i,r i lr( (li' t ' 1 , , ,, ,
L r ni: L rl ,,f ()i l .1 p p l i { ' d l o l l r, s k i n n rl l .l rrrrrrl ,rt,

posedto sunlight. Damageto the gcnesand composedof DNA is seriousberomosomcs se the cclls are not able to ProPerly reprocluce if their geneticmatedalis damaged. themselves "In paper,Dr. Hodgesstates, recentrescarch ln a indicatc that thispaper 'e prcsentresultswhich thc formation of ultravioletPABAcan increase which lDduccddamageto DNA at \\'avelengths (6). long Thc suntight" in norrnal rrL'prescnt damihis genctic cells of tfrm cffectsk) thc skin unknolvn. [8c areat Present

Hoursol Localion season day

Average

time requiredto Approximate rednessin untanned Droduce $rhileskin.

yeararound Sunbathe
In most temperateclimatesit is Possibleto iunbathe thc year around if you get out of the wind. On bright, sunny winter daysit is a fabus ('xperiencc to lie in the warm sun.Thc secret l(rLr k' this is gcttinScomplctclyout oI the wind with lo .rir movcmentover your body.You can lie in lhr.sun on daysso cold that your breathcan bc r.r,r,n as bilkivs of white steam,and yet you can hoton n'illfeel h,lrt rfccllrr.rnr Thc sun'srays
\ ! ir ,r, ort of the wind. Yru rvill

246

need a warm blanlet to lie on lf a cloud comis betweenyou and the sun. make a dash for thr' house, ajyou will chill quickly without the sun' A good iunbathing areacan be built away fror)| the h'ouse,on the roof, or againsta wall facinli the sun. Make the walls of material that will br r qood windbreak; for instance, pll'wood or closc Ettins boards. The wall facing the sun should bt' at ariangle slanted toward the sun so the low winter rats can shine into the sunbathing area A door can be made on eitherend, or both, givinli entrance and allowing air passag6on hot days Louvered doors and Portions of walls that can b' areideal openedpartiallyto allow ai! Passage itvoiced that therei\ rr" Oftenthe complaint dwin/the week becauseof th'' time to sur-rbathe work schedule,for b;fqultting time the sun i\ out of sight lfPossible,dib" rapidlvdropping beideal Onecould\it'I would bieai h.rurlun.h and end it later irI moming his work earler in the the dav During this break there would be hnr| followed by a sunbatll for a period oi exercise rrl rntercsteo comPanres/ Prcgressive and lunch.

buildings, or elsewhere, for sunbathing There are people who cannot get a long lunch and, even if theY could, would have no of their envito go to .unbathe becauqe t. Their living quartersmay be an aParF t with no pldceProvidedfor getting oul In sun. This ii a very difficult Problem with no ple solution. Some of these same PeoPle have trouble finding a good Place in of their bi8-cib environ' r to iog because congested arca wnere a less into . Moving and sunliSht,as for exercise areopen areas aJedls a sunbatrung as a ba(k yard \^here rilable, certainlv is to be recornmended lf thls not possible, providing an artificial forrn oI pecmrrn light ls the ttext best soluhon'

unlamps
Y{)uprobably have noticed that thus far in the rok we have avoided discussing sunlamPs' iihu? littt uf oll, th"y are not nearl) as effechve *unlight.lt i- frue that many of the ;r narural whlch show ultraviolet lighi lo be lr!"ri.,'nt' howbirllitialhave beendonewith sunlamps; i v | r , i t i s q u i t e c c r t a i nt h a t n a l u r d ls u n l i E h t htrvJgivenevenbetterresults tvoulel Ultrrvioletlight is not visibleto the human eye lnrl whcn use-dalone may actually break the in oul cells On the other hand, lhtrrrrr(rsomes intd(lorevenrePdrr willkeeP Vhll!t'.t'riAhlliBhl , .Pe(iallyblue light h r o L r . n ,l u , , r n r s , , m e s e sun_ whlr'll is l()undin thc natural,full-sPectrum llil't (7) -lt wl w, tl 1,,.lt\i$na 'unlamp that \ ould fill alllh r rik rir f('r nnturalsunlight,it would have

t <,//

(*?

'/-:*-<

the health of their emPloyees, could initinlr' two-hour lunch breaks and provide areason h'1'

1/*'-

"<

area of outdoorsunbathing Oiagram

248
to be an intenselybright white li8ht with both ultraviolet and infrared that matched the sPec trum put out by the sun. As far as we know at f ilt in ga ll lh e 5 e re q u ire ' ih i. \ rih n t . a s u n la mp ments does not exist. Some o{ the sunlamps commerciallyavailablehave wave lengths that are different lrom the nafural sunlightand may actually do damage. Not all lamPs are of thL' same quality, and some are delinitely better than others. Do not buy a sunlamP thal pro d u c e su lt ra rio le l ra v ' wit h f re q u e n c ie . below 290nm. Several companies now manulacture fluo rescenttubesthatproduce ultraviolet rays with above290 nm. The firtures holding ftequencies the tubes should be mounted on the wall in a vertjcal position so one can stand about t$(J feet away, rotating the body to exposeall four at all sides.Be sure to wear protectiveglasses mounted along lamps can be times. Infrared side the fluorescentfixture to provide heat t(r keepyou warm. Start wlth one or two minutes on each sid{' and then gradually increasethe time. If J,o1l becomeslightty pink following the light bath. hold the time and don't increaseit until yoLrl skin has adjusted. Do not mount a sunlamP above your Lro(l ithas a timerthatwill shutoffautomnli unless cally when the light bath time is ovct cvrn though you should go to sleep.Burning is di)n gerous, so don't take any chancc,s, Sunlampsare only for those who (nnn()l tt l the naturalsunlight thost'rvholivt'tlost t,' the north or south poles, ()t in irr.l('rr1t'rrl

W
mproved I ELecrrocardogram carrying or blood 1 Oxygen 'l Fosisrance to inlections

susar J aooa
'l Ene'sy& endurance

weadler areas,or in the glassjungle of the big city. The artificial sun rays may be better than nothing, but they do not approachthe value of the actualsunlight. Make every effort to obtam as much of the real thing as possible. Someglassmanufacturerswho are aware of the latest scientific information regarding the importance of ultraviolet light to health will produce window panes which allow the full spectrumof sunlight to passthrough them. Repldcing yi'ur e\i.ting gld\\ with lhe.c prne\ ir possiblefor an additional cost. Using ultravlolct window panes in new hornes, especially thosedesignedfor solar heating, is ideal. This trend opensup an excitingnew future for solar homes. \Mth such windows one could enjoy sunbathing indoors even during winter blizznrds,sinceovercastskies{ilter out only about 2090of the ultraviolet light. l'rogressiveopticalcompanies are producin8 lenses which passthe t.yt'glasses and contact full spectrum of sunlight. These lenses can h.r! o n Srey tint but should not be colored. ll is rrlcouraging to seethatindustry is kceplrrll.lt)rcirstwith the latest scientificresearch in lllis.lf(.n so that in the fufure we may look for w,lr'(lt() bettcr health as a direct result of these I r.v( developments. 'llrtionnry

t- ,,

Artificialsu

25
lorTheropy f the Post
thc sun in its tadia,ta I ltat regorded tturng i,t splmtlo. or thc 'naon heattus te.Etl! dttied lhrt nv rr.l tny hand ot'ftftLtthe,t a kissol hoflage. ir.,]d besinsto heiut1s.tl, lh',t thlsealso hdte hemunfoithfulto Gd an hth.' ltr I iroutLt ( Nlv) I ob 31: 26- 28,

l7

ahcp

historyof to studythe ancient It i\ impossible without delving into the comtherapy ls0lar $ ll was thevery aspecL of sun L,rship. lpanion for life and health necessity of the sun obvious lh[t led to its defication.Andwhere the sun was in aspects there also the beneficial wrrrshipped, F8nrds to human healthwere studied, encourt8(.d, and practiced.'Ib underctand,therefore, (rur presentstancetoward the sun, whether in lho form of scientific literature or in the form of lh(, presentintuitive response,it is helpful to 8{in thc historicalpe$pective. Ancicnt man marvelledat the natural world. Vlrtlrnlly unaware of natural law he sought to !.\|lhin thc mystedesoI nature with a childish perception. The forcesof naturethat hrtr,ll(\1unl his controlhe attributedto deities wr'r'r'br'yrrrrd ( ristics similar but superior to his wllll hnrnct( in thc nrostbrilliantobjcct rrwrr 'llrr, srr|lh('in1i

252
dndtishr ,, ll::Y""1 (ame Ine obteclof grcatc.t Intere.l. And hcrr.,. rnc run was regardcd a\ a p(,tcnt.domin.rni E,,.I man prL,srrss;d hom rhe pasn,,,,l ::^11"::i \ra8e_lo |,hedgri(uJturdl st.rge. hi\ obrervdhol. .l sul b:,lme mure acc;rate. Hc found rt,,l :n: r^ ncn and darkness$ ere almorr .. e.lLr _davljghl rne Sermtnarion ot seed\dnd the growth ot ! c;i, rahon and Lhat all ;il preparrr,,,,, ,.luickcncd
Ui cmps should be donc ' b*r(,r, rnenouA of darlnc.. erceeded those ot d,\

rhevuJreor r,\armrh

F\pcril.nce r.rushr h,.,. ,1,:1l.pj"::j:,h:,n"e. rd{,,' re reaprng

.'""1 bmc a tuUer Inowledr| or

li,,l \.r, ,,f .rn r,.. Donrr n wa. dcvoloped.Aniient nr.rr, 'r thc \Lr D.(dmp so rntimatejyinvolved with the cun th.rl rn qrtuduv every culture. the sun, in \t,me,, pecr l^ds wur\l'upped. Fcrtive days in the rur were dcrired rrom obseirari,,n of rt,, ::ullor sun s (rucidllehaviur in the sk'. and thc.c 1,.

ilffi"i:;;r"r,Il_ed

br modern mdn Jrh,,l

ru:h ,,b,ervafiun r^a\ in resard to rl .. (ndngr.ng -.9n1 l(,crtionsof cunriseand ru"n.et lt rr , . nund tnat thc chdnging dirc< tion and dr.tancu, r sunrrseln tJ1e ea.taorre.pond"dc\actly r^ ith Ll,, .rme drrectional chdngpof \unsr,t in tlie r.,".t tr r as.dt\o tound fhat the hourr ol d.r\ light w( ., greatcr when the arr of lhc.un i path ,n., longelsl and the.no,n .un hirih.q in th:, r(y .rr,,r rnrt lhp iewesthuurs,,fda)t8ht l11.r,,l\hcjrtl,. Jr( the \horte\tdnd the n, r rn run 1.,\^,,,11, .wd'\

l .l rl Ll .

lh(' nativity of Christ. The church found that dccepted ( hrirtianiry more readiJy Ir{tgan. l^ hen (,fthechief.olar lh('dates fe\ti!al. wereretarncd rtrth..r thdnforbidden. Lacking lhedclual datefor |n('hrrthol Chrisr.theysettled un December 25 0,.F,,liti(dll! e\pedrent. Aithough sun wor.hipis lh,l n"w.as\o.iated with Chri.tmd. the gift giv_ xrB.rndfrivolitylhdt markedthe heathen festi_ v,rl\. h.tvr' remdined. t he abundance of light. in llr| h(,m(\ ind on the.treel5 3n61 q-;.r,";,1_ 6n 11-," nl,rs l.ro('s are symbolic of the fires built by the sun rttrr\hrfprrct,, Buidethe 5un gud baci to their

Ot Od\lght and thc height ,,t Lhc sun at noon llSnrhed a rebirlh ,,1 powe,: fhis tectival was $Btituted.bytheJlomdn Lmperor Affelian (AD au-z/ about AD 223. Since abuut AD 400. the .+) lnn<nan church has ob.ervcd De(embcr 25 aj

lhc fe,tivat_of rhe Nadviry ,f,f Sr" iN","l. "t in the durdtion Invrch >ot) becausethe in(-led\c

ot :.ys Clylighl hours. Dccember25 wds d'edicdtcd to

,f. theperiod of"shortenins It_i:,ll,c "Io 9| of rhe lengthenjng and the bcginning

e each yearwhen the sun appedred Lostand , nerther incredsing nor dcoea5ing it\ drc.. sun began en Lhe its upwardctimband da1_ t houJs Ienglhened. reliefand abounded. 1o1 ('n(e,,theancientfeshvalheld from December rn:.br1r:nard,l.r J time ofgreat rcjoic_ lz+l las

:!."*,n.' f],,11: rno drmtnt.hing hours of

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.' ,' r (' \

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d,rylighl r,r,rI r,..1r,,

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r ,,,r r ,

: r llr r ! . ,

r r ' h rr)t 1 7

254
Vemal equinox
The next most crucial incident in the path of the sun is the day on which the hours of daylight become equal to the hours of darkness.*March 25, in the Julian calenda!,is the date of tlus most special occasion. Forancrent man, itwas a day of lejoicing,for it indicatedthat the god of vegetation (Attis) would reawakento blessthe earth with abundance; and so in this god's honor the great spring festivals of fertility were instituted. The date of our Easter observance(Eastre, Anglo-Saxongoddessof spring) was determined by the council of Nicaea in the year AD 325,at which time it was decided that the anniversary of the resurrection of Christ should. as closelyas possible,approximatethe vernal equinox. Hence it was decreed that Easter should fall on the first Sunday after the first full moon (for ease of night travel on pilgrimages) after March 21, the approxlmate date of the vernal equinox. Eggs, rabbits and baby chicks used on Easter celebrationsare all slmbols of the fertility honored at the ancient fertility festivals.

Summer solstice
This important point in the sun's path in the rky is realizedwhen the sun attainsits highest n(x)n position and the period of daylight is It againseems for Ltng('st. to standstill (solstice) ,r ti.w Llays bcfore lowedng its path acrossthe sky
, r[, t, i r. | ],r' i n\ 1r,

inthe Christiancalendar Solarinvolvement

rh-P.,:t 17 ',r.rrrr'.t

256
Todq, the time of the summer solsticre is little noticed by the world in general, but there does remain in Sweden, a three day festival, called Midsummer'sDay,to welcomethe season.

Autumnal equinox
After the summersolstice the duFtion oI dav light stcadilvdecreases until it equalsthe mter,,a I fiom sunsctto sunriseon September 22-23. Thr autumnalequinoxis scarcely noticedtoday. In additionto the solarpattcm of the Christial vear,therewas the namingof "The Sun'sday" ns the hi,ly ddy o f t h " (h ri-f id n h c F k . T h i\ h \ , 1 placenot onlv to ease the pagansun worshippt-r. into Christianity,but also b provide a n'ay br w,hichChristianscould disassociate themselvf. from the Jews.It was dudng the fourth cenhn.\ that the adoptionsof nost of thc solarlesti\'.ri. into the Christianyearbegan. Thc emperorC(Jn stantineand his \,vhole houscholdhad been .| dcntsunrr,'nh ip p e rr. P re rc d in g h i-c , ' n r* r, r. , to Christianity,he is supposedto have seen vision of a blazing crossat noonda\t this it\( r being a stmng solar symbol. Alter his con\( sion, Christianitybecame the statereligi()n.( )ri, Christianhistorian commentsthat "thc Enrl)r, was partlv Christianizedancl thc church f'.rrrlr " Therc mu.t ha\. hr.n ,,, I , , prgani./ell following the attempted amalganrnti(nol tl,, fust statercligion of sun \\'orship.nd lh( :,rr' \erlucnl \ldtc r. li8 in n , . a f h ri\ li. , r, ilv \ \ rlrrl' . , .. , solarfestivals and Christian holv davsnrrrrrr,i simultaneous lyA . u g u s t in c h . t d t (' \ \ , rr t l, brethten not to solemnize thr d,rv, ' ,r,,, '||rt ,,l

the sun Iike the heathen.but, rathet on account of Him who made thc sun. Lco the Grear re buked those who thought that Cfuistmas was obseruedfor the solstice and not the nativity of Christ. The eastern Christianchurchtaunted those of the western church as being no better than pagansun worshippers. There evidentlv follovr,ed an ave$ion to the sun, for in studyingthe ancientmcdicalconcepts of solar therapy, crnenotes an abur.rdancc of commentduring the Gracco-Roman pedod, but until the 18thcentury (excludinga fer,r, isolated commcnts),an almosttotal absence of it following the rise ofChdstianiry Table I listssomeof the counhiesin which sun worchip becamethe basisof religion, and shows similar characteristics of worship in thesecoun-

r "

: r ' j r r r i li: , r J 17

258

TableI
Country Solardeities
Marduk andhislathe(Ea,lhe slpremeheater werethechetgods ot healng. (Nebuchadnezzarllandhissuccessorsspenrgrealsumsoigotdreslorngthearcienttdnpteoishamash asu, at S ppartheoriginal home ol Shamash.) Phoenecia godol lhe burning Baal, sun, wasreferred 10 G a sunandhealhgod.c bit.sonot Baa wasthen@nsunqoc.1: protecled people iromthepiague h thelower partoi lvlesopotania probab Sumer wasa region y seliedbetore 3OOO BC. TheSumeriais efta lnetrgovernnent praclcesandreionor caylabtels aw,business
Appafenly lhe Sumerans betevedin a pr marylrinityot dealof godswho rutedoverlhe secondarv t nilv in wh .- : sun god look hG place Shahashwas the semilc sun god Sone betieved tha he ma n qod. Marduk was orc s olar der r t . inoar ' i! u a , d g o o o ! l e ! p | n g . L . H a r m L r d o i 1 n s " [ p o L t a m e o : t a n . t ^ e $ n o Ba b vo n * h cr .

.lhesun ightloriseoverthe iandol Sumer andAkkad., Thelsuattilteoiany Mesopolamian kingwas. ot h s a:

Assur unequrvocally wasa suogod H s symbot wasa w nged p clured disk andhewasotten asaneage.so wastlredomoance ol Assuroverlheir othergods tharrhe rtheotogy m ghlbeca[eda manysid6d monolhe r

Egvpt

Thesungodwasworsh ppedassupreme blt n a vaietyofioms: Creator ot unive.se. lhesupreme deiiy Solar drvinily ollhelempe at Helopot6 Khepr: Beette. push Theberte ngthebatotthesunuptheskybecmeoneolhe most potenlotat sc a Alen: Sunsphyscad skororb. Barakhle Thefalcon,lheancenrsky godHorusoithesun se. Pharoah: Theruler oi Egypl washimsett regarded s a qod. Every punne: moning thepharoah. having been priests, climbedthe stan b ihegrealqrndowto sature hisolherselt, rhesun Other symbols olthesunin Egypiian pyramid worshipwerethe andtheobelisk

:..r

i . r . - , r " . _ r '. ' f : 1 j 17

259

BChebecame lhellnhcenlury andlighlAboot divinilv ol radiance wastheGreek Apollo (h Gr Phrobrs ight) Phoebls lile.lo power anddeslrov lo produce iance and w ih lhe bril god were anribuled Both *, rr," * r| H"r ia""iiri"O Al dissase protecl eviland lrom to "r" as able particulanv regardod was ilness Apollo ori""*iti' r,"urtt a""n"v "iihasa sungod - regarded crele,zeuswasde ] \ , |il h l a s w a s th e So ]l n v i c l l s (th e u rcorquel abE sun)A ugustus' aftertheconques| ol E gyptbr oughlf uoobelisksol
lhem tolhe god Sr one to Romeand consecrated Heliopolis

ot son meanrng codr' was Inlip ofh stitles cultOne solar with lheroval idenlilied was lnca lnca orUnique saoa {king) DLI crearor .chi _ nor a supremo was eod. sun sun Inn theacrLraL sod, drcn orrhe i*.'_il n,"Ir,iil,"" *",; ";led and lrle presentsourceoi ight aslhe supremelywoFhipped was
Tn "l em por lr ec l- ' e' pr c s t wds Ahhi' M d / h 'o r l F e e L n l

l::

--1

l:sEmpire

n honor erecld were wde made hom-an scnfi@s which dsupon Grealpvram wasoovrous sunworshrp v domrnant nefioav lne qive to relurn it strenglh heldupiolhesunto hum;i hearlswere ollhe sun.io sating ollheirhomes ontheroois rs ckchidren parerts exposedlhe wasa sungodto whom Odin Woten
momingsun deiliedas vivasal Anc enl Hindosworshippedlhe

asasungoo analerasu respecled TheeanyJapanese

5ror T.ero p, ot

P Pr

26C^
medical ofancient A chronology mncepts irr
Specific record of the Practicesinvolved solai therapy and the theoriesbehind those Pra( ticesbeganwith the Greeks.

Rome
After the conquest of Greece, the Romans went on to record the benefits of sunlight therapy Aurclian advised sun bathing in epilepsy, aslhma.e*ophageal jaundi5cases, Paral)\i5. dice, malnutrition, dropsy bladder and colon diseases, obesityandpediculosis. The frescoes of Pompeii show people stretched out on flat roof tops exposed to the sun. Roman homes had solaia for that purpose; the word was part of the language. Romansca ed on Apollo (Greekgod of sun) to stop an epidemic. The wife of Emperor Gallienus (218 AD) was sent to Nicaea(Nice) for a sun cure,

Greece
The Greeks ptacliced arenation,ol exposurt' ('l the body to the sun on the sand, and they exrt cisedin the nude. The placesin which they tli'l and were often near tl I this were called4/c,?a/tar itself rvascalledLeliost' practice seaside,and the Antyllus was one of the Greek physicians $ l I ' presc bed helothenPy (helio meaningsun) t' I his patients. He left us a desoiPtion of thr'rl sun6aths. "Persons exPosethemselvesto llr" sun. Sotne cover their skin with oil, others (1" othersstan,l'{ seated; not; somelie down or a:re work. Those who lie down, rest on sand 1)r'1 cushion or a piece of fu1 do not oil their s|rrl the heat of the sun producesmuch lr'l because spiration. It Preventsincreaseof body wt'irllrt 'rrr'l shengthensmuscles,makes fat disaPPPar ' swcllings. hydropic reduces He ro d o t u swa s c d llc d t h e f a t h c r " f lr' lr' ' he recommendedthe surr l"l thempy because illtt"""".. One o{ his statcmentsis llirl -u.,y "E\posure lo the sun i' highll n.rr*- rrt itt t t nn(l r rr'1 sons whose health needsrest()ring ln $ rrrl' I ha v e n e e d o f P u t t in g o n $ ' c ig h t sp rin g .a n d d u t u mnt h P P d h c n l-h ' { rl' i l\ ' " ' r' tie ra y ' , ' f t h . ' u n r, ' -t ril lu ll u 1 r' r'I ' rI r l ' t " ' t ' f t h ( (' x ro s s iv (lrt . rl. rlir' su mme r b e c a rrs I irr lrr" r! i rll rlo mI t h o d s h o rrl, l t lrt t ' n rp L rv |, 1
\a1tl I,,l i , r,t '

A briefhistotyof modern man's rclationship tb iunlight therapy

Apparendy because Christians feared to be talled sun worshippers,there is little record of run therapy during the period from the fall of pagan Rome un61 the early 18th Centuryr From thc 1700's through the fust third ofthe-tgth CcnIury, the emphasison sun therapy incrcased. l ht' followingare extracts ftom someofthe writlt.n rccords ofthat period, given by datc.

l7t)0's
lhrrxlrrc Tronchin, a French court phvsrcran, nls |, tlke long \\,alks lh( llllir\l r(,ynlpnliL 'n ltr,\lrnir .rn(lIi{'U.ro|lr'r'l,nrk t()nnlUr(r sl()l1. r

, f,er-

!ltt -Fo tU

262
sent commoners,too, to seekfrcsh air and sun shrne.

1796
The UniversityofGottingen in Gcrmanyoffered a pdze for the best essayon the effect of light on the human bod)r The prize was won by Ebermaien, who came very closeto describingthe reldtionship between the <unand rickels.

This isesPeand relatedconditions. rheumatlsm cially true of children. Sunlight Sives marked reliel in scurvyand ckets."

1827
lohnson makesthis obseNahon"If we 'ish to etiolate men and women, we llave orily to congregate them in cihes where they are Pretty se_ curely kept out of the sun and where they become white, tender and as watery as the finest celery"

7875
Cauvin wrote, "The influence of light on the morale of man is very powerful. The physician will prescribesun for the sad and the weak. When taken with modente exercise,it h'rll re vive lost .ourage. The rich people of England and Germany go to the south oI Franceand Italv to cure the diseaseof temper called spleeni or nI leastto get away ftom the monotony of an almosI which continuing climate.Amon8 the diseases too much sun can bring is ophthalmia. "Careful obseruations have shown that sun light is a curative aSent lor scrofula, rickets. paralysis, swellings, droPsv scuny rheumatism, The absence of sunliSht and muscleweakness. together with poor f(}()d is probably responsibl, for pdson fever."

1849
H. Lebertwon the prize of the FrenchAcademy of Medicine in 1849 {or a treatise on the treatment of sqofula and tuberculosis in which he speaksof sunlight as a Positive factor

1852
In an essayon gedatrics,Turck gave exactinstructions for the application of sunlight. Ollier and Poncet treated their Patients with surgical tuberlrulosis by exposing them to sunli8ht. Finding their weather unreliable, they opened sun treatment stations along the Riviera In 1899,Millioz, a student of Poncet, rePorted f()ur cases of arthritis imProvedby exposureto sunli8ht. He wrote, "Fol tuberculousarthritrs without marked tendency to deformation and l(si()ns, use Prolongedsun ndvanc(.d()sso()Lrs t'x i,tl.xli(Jn t)lstrncxPosure baths.th, l',,r1'li, I l c l iir l l r r ' l o r . r l t r r l t r t r r l o r i s . l r . v , , r , l llnds l l trrt , ' l ' l r r l t , r , r t ' \ . , rr,,rtt l l r r . r ' , r t 'ru ',rrtlrlrrl'\,rr1
.j:*a:]

1820
Lachaise,a French physician w()l(', "lhoi(' i\ scarcely a physicianin any of the larto ( ilit's \'!h,, hasnot observcd that peoplcwho work .rrtl liv, lr. r! , in rltrrk,r i. rn r1p . l. rrt ' sla c k o n 1 ' rUy . ||r(l

ro T ' a. p, or ln. .F J 1 7

264
form of heatment in a number of chronic dis_ eases.

1892
Marshall l^hrd demonstrated that it was the ultraviolet part of the spectrum that produced the most intense dntlbdcterial action. Tabletr indicates the dates of discovery of ultraviolet sensitivity of certain bacteda. Table ll Bactedum's Bacterium's Sclentilic DateScientiat Commonname name
laa6 Arloing

1877
thatsunliEhtkillcbaL and BluntProved Downes the violetend of thc wa' it tn"t fornd Lii". ftt"v spectrum that produced the most dmmahc ei fectson the bacteria.

1885
Wise wrote, "The asPectsof health which arc created by the sun's rays speak for themselves, showing that light is a theraPeutic agent of much value."

1890 K@h Slaph

1890
Palm studied the statisticalrePofis on the diseas( ricketsin GreatBritain.Helound directrelation ships between the PoPulationdensity and th( tro.th"".t.t. southem location He studied thL incidence of iickets in different countries arld concluded that the one lactor present wher( rickets was unknown was the abundance ()l of sani the develoPment sui ight. He advanced tadums in the country where the city PeoPl'' could stay to improve their health. He wrcte, "l would urge the educahono{ the Publi. t{) th" of sr-rnshirr' approachthrough the appreciation asa meansofhealth."
1909 Henri

1903
Niels Finsen was the man who first successfully treated tuberculosis of the skin. The treatment wds ultraviolet light, and for his discovery, he won the NobelPrizein 1903.

.r. cr iherrp,/ cl tf-- P.:l 17

267
1909
Rollier, after observing the dramahc beneficial results of treating skin tuberculosiswith sun !\at lherapy became convincedth.lt tuberc-ulo<is that required a generala generalized conditron ized heatment. He began treating all sugical his that by 1938, patients,and was so successful sanitarium had grown lrom one building to thirty-six.
of Body

Diseases
appendiceal absess,chronic collis, chronic .onstipation, inllammation chronic oigallbladdi cnF post'oPgraliv hosis ot theliver, hemoifho ds,hypracidily ollheslomach, schiorectal abscss, pyloric pylorospasrn, adhosions slenosls, luberculosis ol thepe loneum andinieslines, vi$eoppercardlris, phlebhis, anemla, afteriosc eosis,chorosis, hemoph lia,hyperiension, hyporension, pertussis, pleural plurisy, pnoumonia, puimonarytuber bronchialeihma, bronchilis adhesions, gncsphalitis, poiomyelilis anterior chorea, hysler disseminated sclerosis, a, insanily locohotor paralysis ataxa,myelitis, neurdlhenianeuritis, Faynaud agltans, dis6as6, sciatica qonoiiheal qour, ilbros tis,lfaclure, fraqililas osseum a hritis, lumbaqo, myalgia, osteoa hritis, o$eomalacia, osteomyeld c s nus,rheumatoid anhritis, synovitis, lo.llcollis, tuberculosisolbones

7929
Ude introduced ultraviolet therapy for strePtococcal skin infections, which had lormerlv who develpersons beenfatalt,rr l0ooof those oped the disease.Llltraviolet theraPy was found to dramahcally reduce the mortality rate. Also, in -1929, the king oI England, whose condition had delerioratedalter diathermy was lound to bc improved after ultraviolet treatment. This re sulted in much favorable publicity for the use of ultraviolet light therapy

premalura, acre,adenomasebaceum, alopcia areata, alopcia alopeciasnilis, boils, bums, pox,c calrix, calbunce,chrcken c.acked nipples, demalils, herpeiifomis, demalltis venenala, dematophytosis, eczena, erysipelas, erylhemamullilome, eryihema nodosum, lalli6ulitis, herpes planus, hsrpgs zostr, imp6ti9o, keloid,lichon simplet, lupu8 vulgaris, neurodemalitis, onychia, paronychia, penio,pilyrasis.osea, prurilis p$riasis hinophyma, sclerodema,*borheic scabies, dermaltis, sycosisvulqaris, tinea proslal nephrilis, cyslitis. tis,tuberc'r osis,urelhitis
amenorhea,barlholnitis,dysmenorhea,endoceruicilis, menorhaqia,melritis, oophorilis, luber vaginilis culosissalpirgitis,orethritis,

1933
F.H. Krusen,authoreda bookpublishcdby I2 I). Hoeber,Inc., in'1933,titled LErl Th.rapv, i1n\l oncethoughtt()h' includesa largelist ofdiseases benefittcd by light treatment. Tabk' IIl, whnlr listedin Kruscn'sb(x)k,,r:. includcsthe diseases well as others,will givc the readeran idcn r)l th,' mnny conditionswhich havc bcen trorl(11wrilr ultravnrlet light. (156)

(chrcnic blepharilis, choroidilis, conjunctivitis andcalarhal), @.nealulcer, herpes, horde olum keralil s.lrachoma. luberculosis Dhlvclenular otills media, tuberc!losis, ulcer ol eardrum polyps, hayfever,lupus, lhinilis, cataiih, eihmoiditis, ozona, soplalulc! s nusilis perilonsil pharyngilis, laryng smus, laryngtis, a. abs@ss, lonsillaulcer, tonsll iis,luberculosis ol the

ulcer denlalcaies, ging v1is,pyotrhea,stomalilis, adenomala, calciummelabolic disordeE,chi blains,co ds, 6c ampsia,lactation deticiency, ma nut.iton, mumps,rickets, spasmophi ia tetany, thymusenlargementtic doulo!reux,loberculosis

ts
n

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*' ls?g eirF? iii+i it ii: l! ri: ii * nr" c+?il s =r!
i i.i F!,Fi 7i;Et':Et

T* 3i i i i -i i 1l ?q;;i r=

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271

Bibliogrophy
Sunlight ond Heolfh

Sunlight ond Physicol Filness

(1) SkinneaJ. S., Holloszy,l. O., and Clrcton, T. K. I Effectsof a Programof EnduranceExercises on PhysicalWo*, An l Cadbl 14.747 ,'\964. (2) Lehmann, C., and Szakall, A.r Der Eintluss der Ul traviolettbcstrahlunSauf den Arbeitsstoffwechsclund die Arbeitsfahigkeit dcs Mens c].Len, Arbeitsphysialogie 51278, 7932. (3) Laurens, H.: The PhysiologicEffect of Ultraviolet Radiation, JAMA11tBA5,D39. (a) Parade,G. \,V.,Otto, H.: Alkalifcsewe und Leist]ung, Z Klin Mcd 137.7 1939 . ,
-;.r: -

1--',iopTel

(5) Miley, G.i Ultraviolet Blood lrradiationr Studies in Oxygen Absorption, ,4r7er.lMcd Sti a97 a73,'1939. (6) Seidel,R. E., et al: heliminary Report of RcsultsObseFed in Ei8hty Casesof Intractablc Bronchial Asthma, Arch PhVsTher 24:533,1943. (7) Milor"r C : UltravioletBlood IrradiationTherapyin Acure l\,,)r', i. l,'1,,rr',, 1''y/qr/{57.4{r lu4) (8) l','r,'..,,' I ll!. lll,rl rn tlllnrvi(Jl,,l ()11 .)n(l Visibl(,ttnys ( ,lllr,l,\ | ,r, \t, r,t,,t'.,,, 1,,, I't|t- ltttl \ tnq tiil!|tt tt]:7at\,

,.1z

(9) Lery M.r Der EintulssUltravidettur Strahlenauf die lnneren lefithempie 9.618, 1919 . Otganeder Maus,Sfldft (10) Bin8, H.l.:Effects of UltravioletRaysin Depth and Duration, 114tzl7 . Arta MedSutnd ,1943 (11)Myerson, A., and Neustadt, R.: Influeneof Ultraviolet lrradiationUpon ExcretionofSexHormonesin theMale, Endodinol og! 25t7 , 1930. (12) Bo)'ca 1., and Katsch F.: Exercise Therapy in Hypertensivf Men, JAMA 2rt'10,'\970. (13) Helle$tcin, H. K.: "A Primary and Se{ondaryCoronaryPre vention Progam," in Raab,W (ed..t: Prcomtion of Ischent H&rt Dispdsr, SprinSfield: CharlesC. Thomas,1966. (14)Iohnson, 1. R., et al: The Effectof Carbon Arc Radiationor Blood Pressure 114:594, 1935. and CaidiacOrtptrt, AmerI PhVsrirl (15) Cooper,K. H.: Aelobics, New York:BantamBooks,1968(16) EllingeaF.:Tlrr Brologic Fmdammtuls ofRadiatian Thtnpv, Ntr York:Elsevier PublishinS Co., Inc., 1941. (17) Ohka*'ara, A., et al: Clycogen Metabolism Folldving UL iravioletIrradiation,/ IntcstDetm 59264,'1972. (18) Sel]'e,H.: nc Sircss oflfe, Neb'York:Mcc'aw Hill Bo,)k( ,, t956. (le) Lorin.z, A. L.: The Physiological and Pathological Ch ,ll* r" 1e60. Skinfr()nr Sunburn and Suntan, /AM,4173:1227,

(20) Cabovich,R. D., et al: EffL'ct of UltravioletRadiationon Totervestn A*adMedNauk Substances, the to Chemical anceof Organism 3:26,1975. SSSR (21) Okhonko, V L: Treatment of DuodenalUlcer with Cholinolytics and GenefalUlhavioletRadiation,Wa.l Delo1:61,1976. (22) Mikhaitov V A.r Influenceof GraduatedSunliSht Baths on Sottf Mcd 29t76,1966 Paticntswith Coronaiy Atherosclerosis, (23) Kidera, G. J.: Exer.iseAids in Converting ECG to Normal, IAMA, 2O4t31,1964. (24) Goldman, A. N., et al: Effcctsof Conhnuous and ImPulse UltravioletRadiationTherapyin ClinialHealth ResortTreatment of Patints with Hypertension and Chronic Coionary Insuffi36(5):417,7972. .iei.y, uopK nrt Fiziotet (2s) Allen, R. M., and Cureton, T. K.: Effectof UltravioletRadia 1945. Fitness tion on Physical , ArchPhysMed 26t64'1, (26) Ronge,H. E.: Ultfaviolet Irradiationwith Artificial Ilumina Scand 15 (suPpl 49):1,1948 tio , ActaPhysiaL (27) Bikle, D. D., et al: Woik-inducd Mtscle HyPertroPhy in VitaminD-deficientRats,Amerl Clin Nulr 32t515,'1979 (28) Kabat,l., et al:Effectof Uv-iradiation of Shiftsof Energy-rich I'h(,sphatc Compounds , ZablBaktHyg I Abt OtiSB 162.393,1976

274

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(1) Osbom, G. R: The Incub7tion Pe/iod of Comnary Thtu'nbosis LondonrButterworths,1963. (2) Ross,R., and Harker,L.: Hwerlipidemia and Atherosclerosi\. Science 7931109 4, 797 6. (3) Schulze, E.. and Winterstein, E.: Uber das verhalten d.\ cholstdns geSandans lic}].t,Z PhysialChem433'16,1m4. (4) Rauschkolb,E. w., et a} Effctsof t ltraviolet Light on Ski,r . Cholesterol, / lr?rsf Dem 49$32, 1967 (5) Black,H. S., and Rauschkolb,E. w.: Effect o{ Light on Sh,i Lipid Metabolism, .l lroest Dem 56|387 , 1971. (6) Altschul, R.: Ultraviolet Irradiation and Cholestcf(,1 Metabolism, A/cft PftvsMed 361394,1955. (7) Jagannathan, S. N., et al: The Turnover of Cholesterol i,, Human Athmsclerotic Alteries, I CIin lnoest541 6, 1974. (8) Altschd, R., and Herman, L H.: Ultraviolet Inadiation n,,'l Cholesterol Metabolism,SeventhAnnual Meting ofThe Am.rl 8,438, 1e\ \ canSociety lor the Study of Arterioslerosis. Cilcrlatiotr (9) Altschul, R.: Inhibition of ExperimentalCholsterolAl tedosclerosisby Ultraviolet Iradiation, Ne?"Erg / MeA249:96,l\)t\ \ (10) Kunitsina, L. A., t aL TherapeuticAction of Ultravn'lct ll radiationin a ComplexTreatment of Patientswith Initial (irel'r,rl Arherc5clerLrsii, soref \.4ed 33:89,lc7\. (11)Mikhailoy V A.: Influence of Gmduated Sunli8ht lLllrr,,,l M e.1 29.7(', l'x,t' Patients with Coronary Atherosclerosis, So?el (U) Pertsovskij, A. I-, et al: Preventive Activity of Ultraviolet Rays in the Presenceof Experimental Atherosclerosis, uopKumrt Fiziattr 35t2D3,'1971. (13) Goldman, A. N., et al Ef{ectsof Continuous and Impulse Ultraviolet Radiation Therapy in Clinical Health Resort Tieatment of Patints with Hypertension and Chronic Corcnary Insufficien y, UopKutott Fiziotet36(51:477,1972. (14) Robertson, A. L.: Orry8enRequhements ofthe Human Arterial Intima in Atherogenesis,P]10g Biochem Pharmacol 4.304, 1968. (15) Kjeldson,K., et al: EnhancingInfluenceof Ate al Hypoxia Rabbits,./ ofAtheromatosis in Cholesterol-fed on the Development Alhemscbr Res . &835,'1968 (16) Steinback,l.H., etaL High Blood Cholesterol Rducs ir.,itr'o Blood Oxygen Delivery, I Sury Res16t134,'1974. (17) Miley G.: The PrcsentStatusof UltravioletBlood Inadiation, ArchPhysTher2st3s7 , 1944. (18) wiesnea S.:The InnunceoI UltravioletLight on the Oxygen Uptake of the Tissuesin Art al Occlusive Diseases, RadTbbri,l )thtr Vol. 14,7973. R.ad (le) Vcsselinovitch, in Rab D., et al: Regression ofAtherosclerosis l,it!, A th! tosclercsis a9.259,'197 4. (20) C,,hcn, A. M., and Sha{ria E.: Carbohydrat Metabolismin Myr!.rdial lnfarction,D iabetes 14|84,1965. (21) Iirbrykant, M., and Celf, M. L.: Symptom-freeDiabet.'sin Alr*rlr,r l,\lori.. A,r.r/. Med5, 247:665. le64

1.3

(22) Reaven, G , et al: Carbohvdrate Intolerance and Hypcf lipemia in Patients with Myocardial Infarction, I Clin Endoj 23.1m3,1963. (23) Soloff, L. A., and Schwartz,H.: RelationshipBetweenGlu coseand Fatty Acid in MyocardialInfarction,La, cetL449, 1966. (24) Stout, R. W: The Relationship of Abnormal CirculatingInsrl lin Levclsto Atherosctercsis, Athensclet$is 27.1 . ,1977 (2s) Pincusscn,L.: The Effct of Ultravblct and \4sible Rayso I CarbohydrateMtabotism,Arch Phys Thff X ray Radiutn 1*7nr 7937. (26) Ohkawara, A., et aL Glyogen Metabolism Frnlrwing L I travioletIrradiation,/ Int)est Derm59264,'1972. (27) Kannel, W B.: Role of Blood Pressure in Cardiovascular I)i.. ease|TheFraminghamStrrdy, A giaLog! 26.7, f975. (28) Berglund,G., ct al: CoronaryHeart Disease 1 After Trcatnr(., ofHypertension, Lancet1:1,1978. (29) US Dcpt of HEW: BLood Prcsswc afAtl ltsln!Ran a]d An\ '\. and Sex US 19501962: Series11,No. 4-5, WashingtonD( . \l l . NationalCenterfor Health Statistics, 1964. (30)Engelman, K., and Braunwald E.: "Hvpertensn,,r,,,i,1 rlr, ShockSyndrome," inM. M. Wintrobe, t',tt t etal(eds),llani:tti.. d 7, Nw York Mc(lrar-t lill Inr,[ ( ,, tbs of Itlttmol Medicinc, 1974, pp 185-186. (31)Whvt(,H M.: BodyFatand BLDdPressuri.('l N,,r,r,-.,,, \,, ( i',i,r{\', ,4rsr ,,1DMdl7:34r. l()s8

(32) lnterferon Breakingthe ProductionBottleneck, MedicalWa/ld (Oct16) Nr,a,s p 82 1978. (33) Ahrens, R. A.: Reply to Dr. Walke',in lettcrs to the editor, Amt I CLinNutr 28'\97, 1975. (3a) Iacono,l. M.: Rrduction in Blood Pressure Associatedwith in High Polvunsaturated Fat Diets that ReduceBlood Cholesterol Med 4t426,7975. Man, PrPv (3s) Boyea J., and Katsch F.r ExerciscThciapy in Hyprtensive Men,.iAMA zr:10,1970. (36) HeIe6tein, H. K.:."A Primary and SccondaryCoronaryPre vention Program"rin Raab,W (cd.): Prcretltbnof Ischen: Heatt D'scdsc, Springfield:CharlesC. Thomas,1966. (37) Iohnson, J. R., et al: The Effect of Carbon Arc Radiationon lll(x)d Pressure and CardiacOutput, A'r.'// ?ftysio|114.594,1935. (38) Kovaleva,M. P: The Roleof Lltraviolet and Solarlnadiations in the Complex Trcatmcnt of Hypertension in the Beginning SLrgcs, V)pKr nrlt liiofer 3aj116, 1973. (l,r) Iillinger F: Uber die Lichtcmpfindlichkeit der "Vegetativ sliilnr.rtisicrten" und ihrc BcdeutunS frir die Klinik desMagenSes1932. \ l\\\ it|s. 7. KILIL Mcdl22t272, (1(l)(ir,rh.rnr,J Response S.iAdrenalCorterand BloodPressure 139t604,1943. l, ( ,rflr A rc Irradiatio AmerJ Physirt ' 'lr ^, (ll) Rrnril/, ll. V: Bloodand BloodPressure Following Changes ( ,lrl!| r r\r( lrr(liition, lmet I Phvsbl129.399,7940.

rJ

Sunlight ond Aging

(42) Laurens,H.:Effeci ofCarbonArc Radiationon BloodPressun' and Cardiac Output, ,4/.h Phy TherX-ra1|Radiuma7t'199 , 1936. (43) Thomson, M. L.r RelativeEfficiencyof Pigment and Horn\ in Protecring thc Skin of Europeans andAfrican' LayerThickness Against Solar Ultraviolct Radiation, / P,rysroltofl don 127 t2i6, 1955 (44) Hess,A. F.,andUnger, L.l.: Prophylactic Thcrapy forRickfl in a Negro Community, I AM A 69tLi83, 1sr7. (45) Hess, A. F: Newer Aspctsof the RicketsPrublem,/,4IJ I 78.1'177 , 7922. (46) Seedat,Y K., and North Coombes,D.: Adult Nutritiof l in BlackPatlents, S Alt Mtn I 48t1309,1974. Osteomalacia (47) Ente, G.: Relationshipof Phototherapyand Skin Colo, i Peniat77.1098, 1970. (48) National Center for Health Statistics:lrldl Stdftsft s R.'1,,l Final MortalitV Statistics, 1969, 2l(suppl 2)14,US Public Her, Rockville,Maryland:1972. Service; (49) HarburS, E., et al: Skin Color,Ethni.ity, and Blood Pres{,', AtnerI Public Heilth 68tIIn ,'\978. (50) Gre8g,G.: Hypertension:AnotherBurdcn for Blacks,l'5 /, /,l (September) 1976. bdav 10:25 (1) Gordon, P: Free Radicalsa d the Agin. P'i.r,:ss in Theoreticll Aspects ol Aging,M. Rockstein(cd.), New York AcademicPress, 1974. (2) PinckneyE. R.:ThePotentialToxicity ofExccssive PolyunsaruIates,AinerHatrt I ast723,'1973. (3) Gianninj, D., and Sloan, R. S.: A Tub.'rculinSuney of j285 Adults with Special Referencesto the Eldcrly, In ncet1t525,1957 . (a) Cross, L.: lnnunological Defectin Aged Populationand its Itelation ship to Cancer Canrr 1at2m,7965. (5) Price,G. 8., and Makinodan,T.: Immunolo8ic Deficiencis in senescence, 1972. / lninrfl 108:403, (6) Schaeffer, A. E.: The National Nutrition SuNey / A'rrl Dtef ,4sso.54:3n, 1 9. (7) Kelsa), J. L.: A CompendiumofNutritional StatusStudiesand l)i({arv EvaluationSrudiesConductedin the United States, 1957tt)67,I N utr 99.(sr1ppl1)119, 7969. (8) US Agric Rcs Ser FoDdCansutlptie ol Ho seholtls in the LlS, ARS62 17,Washington DC: US Dept ofAgric, 1968. (t) I).rvis,T. R. A., Gcrshoff,S. N., and camble, D.Fr Reviewof Inu(ln s of \4tamin and Mineral Nutririon in th Unired States {lt)50 l()61.}), / N h Edr. l(suppl l ) rat,1969. (llr) l',rrrish, J. B.:Implications of ChangingFoodHabitsfor Nutrilr, LI'r ilors, I Nrf/ Educ2tl4t,7971. 'lr

2rc

Chopter4

Dietary Allouancesad (11) Food and Nutrition Boald: Recommcntled 7, publication 1694, \^bshington DC, National Academy of Sci encesNRC,1958. (U) Goodhait, R. S., and Shils,M.:Mddem Nllri ol1inHeilth antl p 251' Lea & Fbi8er,1973, PhiladelPhia: Diseas., (13) Harman, D.r Free Radical Theory of Aging: Effect of th( Amount and DeSreeof Unsaturationof Dietary Fat on MortaLitv 197r. RaIe, I Gennt 26t4s7, on Ti--u' Deficien(n of Antjo\idant (14)WiltinB. L. A.: fhe Fffe.'t la67 2:103, lrPl/t Rdt lesle. in the Lipid Compo.ition (15) Rizek, R. L., et al: Fat in Today'sFood SuPPlv:Level of Us' 1974 5t.244, and Sources, l AnrerOil Chen Sac New YorkrPitman' (16) wi]liams, R. J.: N tritiotl AgainstDisease,

(ZI) Centerfot Disease Conhol: Izn-state Nuttition Surue! 1968-1970, DHEW Publication #(HSM)Z-8130-8134, Washington DCr Dept HEW,1972. (22) Chope, H. D., and Brslow L.: Nutritional Status of thr ABln& Aner I Pltbli Heilth 45161,1 6.

79n.
Content of Foods (14 Bunnell, R. H., et aL AlPha-tocoPherol AmerI Clin Nut/ v.L1965 (r''rgdo'l, DePt or QB) tucomnmded lntakesofNutrientsltt theUnited Health and SocialSecuriryHer Maiesty'sStationervOffice, Lon don:1959. (19) Foote,C. S., and Denny,R W: Chemistrvof SinglctOxvgerr 196u .iAmcrCt?,?Soc90:6233, Quenchin8by Beta-carotene, on Ultravnrl(t Indt|(ul (20) Epstein,l. H.: Effects of Beta-carotene cance;Formationin thc HairlessMousc Skin,I'hnttdtt l'ltdol'r'l

2stn1,19n.

282

5*"*

ond Concer Sunlight

(1) Urbach, n, et al: "Ultraviolet Carcinotensis:ExPeriment.rL Global, and Genetic Aspcts," in FitzPat ck, T. led.): SunliShta,'t Man, Tokyo: Univenity of Tokyo Press, PP 259-283,1974. (2) Tannenbaum,L., et al: ProlongedUltraviolet Light-induc.,l Erythema and the Cutaneous Carcinoma Phenotype,I tllotst Dtht 67|513,'t976. in Human SLi,l (3) Pathak,M. A., and Stratton,K.:Free Radicals BiIhem 12314(8,'1968 to LiF$t, Alch Before and After Exposure (4) Mathews-Roth,M. M., et aL A Clinical Trial of the Effecis,rr of Human Skin to Sol,rr Oral Beta Caroteneon the ResPonses In"esf Drrn 591'49,7972. Radiation, / (5) Mathews-Roth, M. M., and Pathak, M. A: Phytoene as ' ProtectjveAgent ASainst Sunbum. Radiation in Guinea Pi8' Photobiol2L26'1,'1975 Photochem (6) Tannenbaum, A.: The Genesisand Growih of Tmors, C,r,r , Res 2.468, 1942. (? Jacobi, H. P, and Baumann,C. A : The Ef{ectof Fat on Turrr, 'r 39:338,1940. Fotl:,].anon, Afler I Cancer (8) Baumann,C. A., and Rusch,H. P: Effectof Diet on Tun!'r lnduced by Lntraviolet Li'}].I. Anel I CLncer3512]3,'1939 orr rl' (9) Tannenbaum, ofTumor Formati(nr A.: The Dependence Diet aswell as on the l),)1,, Compositionof th Calorie-restricted of Restriction. Cnt.e/ Rcs5:616,1945. l' l ltesrri( ri,,rr,rrr, of Caloric (10)Rusch, H. P, et al:The Influcnce (,r,r,' lti(li,'lit)rr. t!ilh tlllrivn)l('t Dietary FatonTumorFormation R,s5:,131, 1945. (11)Carrcll, K. K., and Khor, H. T.: Effectsof Level and Type of Dietary Fat on Incidenceof Mammary TumorsInduced in Female aipids Sprague-DawleyRats by 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene, 6:tAs,19n. (12) Wilson, R. 8., et al: Dimethylhydrazine-induced Colon Tumors in Rats Fed Diets Containing Beef Fat or Corn Oil with and without Wheat Bran, ,4r, er I CLinNutt 30t176, 1977 . (13) Mackie,B. S.: MalignantMelanomaand Diet, MedI AustL810 (May 18)1974. (14) Hipsle), E. H.: Malitnant Melanomaand Dlet, Med I Aust p 700(May 31)1975. (1s) warbur8, O.: Versuch an Uberlebndem Carinomfwebe, Biochem Z 7421317, 1923. (16) Loewenstein, w. R.: SomeReflctions on Grcwth and Differ ennano, Perspe.t BiolMer1lL260, 1968. (14 Coldblatt, H.: InducedMalignancyin Cellsftom RatMyocardium Subjected Dunng Long Propato Intermittent Anaerobiosis it1 tiitrc, Ery Md 97 525,1953. I Eanon (18) Warburg,O.: On the Origin of CancerCells, Sciene113t309, (lt)) Meffe't, H., and Lohrisch, I.: Inhibition of Respiration Byp rrxl u( ts of Lipid Peroxid atlon, Detm Mschr 1571793, 19n . (20) Zacharias, L., and \4urtman, R. l.: Blindnessand Menarch.. ( )1,!/"1 (lvrf.33:6113, 1969.

,NA

5 ' r 1,,--r

(21) Perkins,E. G., et a} The Application of PackedColunm Gas Chromatographic Analysis to the Determination of tr'rnsUnsatura !At279,1977. Iion,I AmerOiLChtm Soc Vegeta(22) Carpenter, of Selected D. L., et aL Lipid ComPosition 197i. ble o1ls, I Aner OiLChemSoc53.713, (23) Dutton, H. J.: Analysisand Monitoring off/ars-isomrizatiof SpctroPhotonety,I AmerOil by IR AftenuatedTotalReflectance Sa. 5L497 1974. Chem , (24) DeckeaW J., and Mertz, W: Effectof Dietary ElaidicAcid o,i MembraneFunctionin RatMitochondriaand Erythrocytes, .lN, /r 1967 . 911324, r" (2s) Hopkin s, G. 1.,and West,C. E.: Possible Rolesof Dietary F.r in Carcinogenesis, L{d S.j 19t7103,1976. (25) Kummerow,F. A.: Lipids in Atherosclerosis, J FoodSci4ott) 1975. (27) Privett,O. S., et al: Studicso{ Effects of t/dnsFattyAcids in t h, Fatty Acid-deficientRil. Diet on Lipid Mtabolismin Essenhal . AmetI CIin Nutr 30t10@,'1977 (28) Hsu, C. M. L., and Kummerow, F. A.: Influencc of El,rirlrr, . and Erucate on Heart Mito.hondria, Lipids1\446, 7977 (29) Fernandez,N. A.: Nutrition in Puerto Rjco,ad",r, ii, 3513272le7c. in th. Unittlj Stit, \,'rr, i (30) Martinez, L, et al: CancerIncidence Rfs 35:3265,1975. Puertotuco, Can.e/

(31) Canoll, K. K.: Experimental Evidenceof Dietary Factors and Hormone-dependent Cancers, Ca celRes 35:3374, 1975. (32) Cregor O., et al: Gastrointestinal Cancerand Nrtrition, Crf 10:1031, 1969. (33) US Congress, Senate:Dicldlv GoaLs fot the United Slales, WashingtonDC: Report of the United StatesSenateSelectCommittee on Nutrition and Human Needs, Senator Georgc Mccovein, Chairman; US Government PrintinS Office, 192, p 5-36. (34) Enig, M. C., et al; DietaryFatand CancerTrends: A Critique, FedPrcc 37t22'\5,7978 . (35) Penn, I.: Thc lncidcnce of Malignancies in TransplantReci pierts, Transplsnt Pr.rc7t323,7975. (36) Penn,I., and Starzl,r E.: MalignantTumorsArising de novo in lmmunosuppressed Organ TransplantRecipients,Ihusplinlnh0t1 14:407 , 1972. {37) Snyder,D. S.: Effect of TopicalIndomethacinon UVR induced Redness and ProstaSlandin E Levels in Sunburned Cuina Pig Skin, P/os tdtLantlin aa:.631,7976. (3lt) Don8, H. H., ct al:LinoleateEnrichmentofDiet andProstag 1., ndin Mctabolismin Rats,J Nutt 105t995,1975. (:le) QuagUata, F., et aL Prostaglandin E, as a Regulatorof L)'m, ,7973. l,lr(! vt( frunction,CellI'nmun 61457 ()lfrxr H., and Clausen, (.1(l) l.: Inhibitionof Lympho.yk R. !l\r,s,, lt, Sli,rrul,r'r1,, In{lrr,\l l\ t1n\.rlurrted Fnttv A.irls nn(l l1trr.,lrl.,lxl'n., Irtr"t t ltttt t't.1

')86

I r,le 5

(41)Mcrtin, 1., and Hughes,D.: Specific Inhibitory Action,,i Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Lymphocyte TiansformationLr ducedby PHA and PPD,lnt ArchAllerg 48.203,1975. (42) Hughes,D., et al: Immunosuppfession by LinoleicAcid, I r cet25t1,7975. (43) Metin, I.: Effect of PolyunsaturatedFatty Acids on Sr, ' Allograft Suffival, T/d,1splantutiatl 2L1, 1976. (aa) Uldal, P R., et aL Linolejc Acid and Transplantation, Lrr] I 2t124,D75. (4s) Uldan, P R., et al: UnsaturatedFatty Acids and RenalTri,, plar.tari,on,La cet2:514,7974. (a6) Ring, 1., et al: Prolongationof Skin Allogafts in Rat. Treatment with Linoleic Acid, Lanctt2.7331,1974. ,

(52) US FDA statement of poliLy: Status of Atticles Offercdto the Laaels, CholestercL CenenlPubli!: for theConlnl or Reti ctiol of Bload Under aai for the Pmention and tleatmentof Healt and Attery Diseltse lhe Fedenl Food,Drug, a d CosneticAct, title 2't, 24FR9990,federal 10)1959. iegulations,washingtonDC (December (53) US FDA news release No. HEWB-35 (May 27)1964. (54) Pdmary Prventionof Atheiosclerctic Diseases. RePortofthe Inter societyCommissionfor Heart Disease Resources. Cildlrfid, 42.A,-55,1970. (55) Kdlea L., et aL DemogiaphicCharactedstics and Trendsin Artcriosclerotic Heart Disease Mortality, Sudden Death and 1t1l:1,'t975. Infarction,Citculation s2ls]uppl M!'ocardial (56) Gordon, R., and Thom T.i The RecentDecrease in Coronary I leart Disease Mortality,PrcuM&14a175,1975. (57) Borhani,N. O.: Primary Preventionof Coronary Heart Diseisc: A Critiquc,A'rdl.1Crdial 4ot251,1977. (58) Lo, w, and Black,H.: Inhibition of Carinogn Formationin skin Irradiatedwith UltravioletLight, Ndl 246:449,1973. (5{)) Mosh.'ll, A. N., and Bjornson, L.: Photoprotection in EiytMechanismof Photoprotection by Beta hr()t)(nfti.Protoporphyriai 1 n\n. i!. I I tu:st Ddfi 64t157,'1977. (r )) | psr.i|l, I. H.: Effects on Ulhaviolet-induced of BetaCarotene 'l I,f!', l linnrrti()nintheHairlessMouse Phottfiitn Skin,P,totachem
l\t-tll l \t7 7

(aD Mertin,1., etal: Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Multiphsdcn ' Lancet 2t777,1973. (48) Bower,B. D., and Newsholne, E. A.: Recoveryfrom ( ,, I Fat Diet, Ld ccll:583, l'r7rl lainbaneLinked to Polyunsaturated (49) Rizek, R. L., ct aL Fat in Today's Food Supplyi Lcvel ('r I 244,1974. and Soures,/ Ancl Oil Che,nSoc 5't (s0) Scotto, 1., et al: Nonmelanoma Skin Can..r A,ii, l. l'r I Cdr.1,'34:l:1I in FourA reasof the United Statcs, Caucasians (51) National Heart and Lung lnstitut l}sk lior(( ,,r' \ vol1, GovemmentPrinting Offic, , I)et)l Ill ll I L, tcriosclerosis, liritn)n No. NIH 72-137, Washington DC: 1972.

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290

6,n",*,

ond Nulfilion Sunlight

(1) Mertz, UI: rffects and Metabolismof Glucose lbleranceFactoa Nutr Reo331129,'1975. (2) SchroederH. A., and Bolassa, J. J.: Influenceof Chromium, Rat Aortic Lipids and CirculatingChdesand Lead on Cadrnium terol, AmerJ Physiol 209t433,7965. (3) Schroeder, H. A.rThe Roleof Chomiumin MammalianNurriton, Aner I Clin Nutt 21t230,B(A. (a) Goodhart, R. S., and Shils, M.: Moderi N,/ttitianht Healtharul Dtsa6e, Philadelphia: Lca & FebiSr,1973,p 251. (5) Friedman,M., et al: Effectof UnsaturatedFatsUpon Lipemia 1965. 193:110, and ConjunctivalCirculation, /,4-MA (5) Dutton, H- l.: Analysisand Monitoring of f/4ns-isomerization Spectrophotoiletty, by IR AttenuatedTotalRetlectance I AmerOil ChemSac5L497, 7974. (7) Nishidla, T., et al: Effectof Dietary Proteinand HeatedFat oI Serum Cholesterol and Beta Lipoprotein Levels and on thc ln.i in Chicks, Ci/. Rts 6:194. dence of ExpeiimentalAtherosclerosjs 1958. (8) Kritchevsky, D., et al: Cholestrol Vehilein Expcrimenril 3at74,1951. Atherosclerosis, / A nel Oil ChemSoc (9) Fortmann,K. L., andJoiner, R. R.: "Wheat Pigmentsand Fl(',,1 5l (ed):Wheat Chenistrylnd Tcchtohtsv. Colour," in Pomeranz,Y 7977, pp 493 52:' Paul:AmcricanAssociation of CerealChemists , (10) Diks, M. \ir'.: Utan in E Contentof Foods andFeeds fot Hunan itd Animal Consumption, Btlletin 435, ASric Expt Stat, Univ \ ryomin8, '1965. (11) Slover, H. T.I Tocopherols in Foodsand Fats , Lipids6t291.,I9n. (12) Moore, M. C., t al: Dietary-atherosclerosis Study on De ceased Persons, 67t22,1975. / Amel Diel Assoc

292

D Monio ond lhe Vilomin 7,n",,", Sunlight

(1) Rosenbeim, O., and King, H.: Th Constitution of Calciferol (\4tamin D): A Rview arld a Suggestion, Chen Indltstt 541699, 1935. and (2) Holick, M. n, and Clarb M. B.: Th PhotobioSenesis Fed Pnc 37 |2567 \atanim D Metabolismof ,1978. , (3) Tracor-litco, Inc.: Scientific Literature Rviws on Generally Recognized as Saf (GRAS) Food Intredients Vitamin D, PrePared for FDA, WashinSton DC: Natl Tch Information Sew US DePt Commelce, 1974. (4) Kummerow, F. A., and Cho, B H S., et al Additive Risk Factom in Atherosclerosis, Amer I Clin Nut/ 292579,1976 (5) How Much \4tamin D ls Too Much? Medicdl World News PP 100-103 oan 13)1975. (5) Dalderup, L. M.: \4tamin D, Cholsterol and Calcium, Lalr.?l 7:.645, 1968. (7) Kummerow, F. A.r Nuhition lrnbalance and Angiotoins as Dietary Risk Facto$ in Coronary Heart Disease,Anei l Clin N tr 32258,1979. (8) Committee on Nutrition, Amrican Academy of Pediatrics: \,itamin D Intake and the HyPeralcemic Syndrome, P.'drdll,6 3st1o22,1965. (9) Friedman, fV E: \4tamin D as a Causeof th SuPravalvul.rr Aortic Stenosis S)'ndrom, Amet Hest I ntn8, 1967 ain r/irr Aortic Stenosis' (10) Wi iams,J. C. P, etal: Supravalvular t )n 2*131L, 7961. (11)Lewis, I. M.: Clinical Experience with Crystalline\4tamin D; the Effectiveness of an An the Influenc of the Menstruum on tirachitic Factor,.l Pcdi,rf6:362,1935.

(12) Seelig,M. S.: Are Ameican Children Still Cetting an Excess ofuIaml^ D?, Clin Ped9340,'1970. (13) Hodkinson, H- M., Stanton,B. R.; and Round, P, et aL Sun in the Elderl],Lancet 1:St0 litht, \itamin D and Osteomalacia \Aptll 28)'t973. nr (14) NeeaR. M., et al Stimulationby ArtiJicialLiShhngof Calciu Ndtx/e2291255,'\9n. Absorptionin ElderlyHuman Subjects, (15) Blois, M. S.: \4tamin D, Sunlight and Natural Selection, S.i ence1s9t652,196a.

294

B.*0",

Diseoses ond lnfeclious Sunlight

(1) Downes, A., andBlunt, T. P: Researheson the EffectofLisht Upon Bacteda and Other Organisms, Proc RoV SocMed 26t448' (U) Honaender, A., and Oliphant, l. w.: The lnactivatingEffctof Monochmmatic Ulhaviolet Radiation on Influenza Vrus. ,l Bact 481447,19M. (13) HedinS, L. D., et aL Inactivation of Tumor Cell-associated Feline Oncomavirus for Prparation of an Infectious \4rus-free ftmor Cell ImmunoSen 36{t647 , CinM Res ,1976. (14) Falkow, Stanleyl M ed Tribune,p 23 (May 4) 1977. (15) Hart, D.: Stedlization of the Air in the Operating Room by Special Antibacterial Radiant Energ], / TftoldcCdrdiot\tscSurS6145, 1936. (15) Woodhall, 8., et aL try Radiation as an Adjunct in Contml of PostopNeumsurgeryInfecnons, Ann S rg129.820,1949. (17) Wheeler,S. M., t al: Lltraviolet Light Control of Airbome Infections in a Naval Trair.i^g Ce te\ Amer I P blic Health 35|457, 1945. (18) Belyayev I. L, et aL Combined Use of tltraviolt Radiation to Control Acute Respiratory Disease, yesf, Aknd Med Nauk SSSR 3t37,1975. (19) Bellar, T. A., t al: The Occunence of Organohalides in Chlorilr. k'd Dri nking Waters,/ Amer WaterWorks Assoc66t703,1974. (20) Gameson, A. L. H., and Saxon, J. R.rFieldStudieson Effe{tof I lryliSht on Mortality of Coliform Bacteda, Wdt?/ Res 11279, \967. (11)(.rlkins,J , .l ili Th('Rol( of SolarUltraviolet Radiatn)n in l tlnt i lr lt l'\,tabi,l N,rlrrrnl Wnllr I'rlrilnnrioti. 2*49, ltt76.

18n.
Paris:1938etd'Actinalogie, (2) Rtody,C.. Traitb deHaliothAloPie (3) Miley, G.: The Knott Technic of Ultraviolet Blood Iffadiation in Acute PyoSenicInfections, NatJYork I Med 423a'1942 (4) Rebbeck, E. W: UltravioletInadiation of AutohanstusedBloo.l in the Treatment of Pueryeral SePsis,,4mer/ Sr B 54t691'1941 (5) Rebbck,E. W.: Ultraviolet Inadiation of Autotransfused Bloo(l \942 in the Treatmnt of Postabortal Sepsis,Anel / SIl18 55|475 ' (5) Rebbeck, E. W.: Llltraviolet Irradiation of Blood in th Trc'rr 1943 , Arch Phys Ther 24.'158 ment of Escherichiacoli Sepncenna ' (7) Rebbeck, E. W., and Milne), G : The Knott Technic of LJ! haviolet Blood Inadiation as a Control of Infection in Peritoniti! 7ot7-26 Amet I Castmente/ol 0an-Feb) 1943. (8) Hancock,V K., and Knott, E K : InadiatedBloodTran'fusr('rr" in the Treatment of lnlections, No/tr?resf M?d 33:200,1934 (9) Barett, H. A.: Five Yea6'ExPeriencewith Hemo ir'adirrt'r' 1943AccordinS to the Knott Techntc, Aner I S1t 8 67:.42' (10) Barrett, H. A.: Th Inadiation of AutotransfusedBl(rrl l'\ UltravioletSpectlalEnergy:Resultsof ThraPyin 110C|s's 'vr'/ le40. Clin N \mcr 24.723, (11)Miley, G.: The PresentStatusof Ultraviolettll(x Thtr 25t357 An:h Phvs ,'1944 lrrn(lLrl!''

296

Chopter 8

(22) Ogura, Ryokeir A PolaroSraphic Study on the Effects of UV Light on Scales,Epidermis, and Serum, .l InoestD en1 tfi.37 ,1963. (23) Stevens, F. A.: The Bactdcidal Properties of Uv-kradiated Lipids of the Skin, / Erl Med 65.12't,1937. (24) Zabaruyeva, A. P, et aL The Mechanism of Adaptogenic Effect Akadl{ted NauL3t23. 1o7\. o( Ulftaviolet, U?sttl Harmat (25) Frick, G.: Effectof UV of Blood on BloodPicture,Folio 1m1871,'1974. (26) Clark, l. H.r The Action of Litht on the Leucoclte Count, Aner I HVgL39,19ZI. in Natural (27) Murphy l. 8., and Sturm, E.: The LymPhocytes Cancet and Induced Resistance to Transplanted / EtP Mcd 29t25-35,1919. (28) Intederon Breaking the Pmduction Bottleneck, MedicalWorLl Nerosp 82 (Oct 16)1978. (29) White, K.: lnterfrcn: The Promis...and RealttI, Med liib (Oct 4) 1978. 19:31 (30) Rylova, S. P: Effect oI Short Wave Ultaviolet Rays on th(' Phagocytic Activity oI Lucocytes in Patients Suffering fr('n, Rheumatoid Polyarthritis, UopKurort Fizioter 32t3M,'1967 (31) Mauthan, G. H., and Smiley, D. F.: The Effett of (;l n.rnl I of Colds,/ /'n 1',1' Inadiation with UlhavioletUpon the Frequncy Med2.69,1928. (32) Ronge,H. E.r Ulhaviolet Irradiation with Artifn i.rl lllurrritr,l Srorl 7s(suppl 49)rl, l94tt. rior., Arta Phvsiol

(33) Zabaluyva,A. P: General ImmunoloSicalReactivityof th. Organism in kophylactic Ultraviolet Inadiation of Childrcn iI Northern ReSions, Vestn AkadMedNauk3123,7975. (34) McBeath,E. C., and Zucker T.ErThe Roleof \4tamin D in th" Control of Dental Caries in Children. / N!f/ 15:gZ 1938. (35) East B. R.: Mean Annual Hours of Sunshineand the ln.i Health292n7,1939. dnceofDntal Caries,A et I PubLic (36) Antartic Study )ields Chilling Taleof virus Infection, Mcrfi r/ wo d Nat)s p 43 (Feb5) 1979. fu (34 Steinback,I.H., et al High Blood Cholesterol Reducesi' z,;i 16t134,1974. Blood Oxygen Delivery I Sury Res (38) Bornside,G., et aL Inhibition of PathoSeni.Ented{ Bact(ri., by Hwerbaric Oxygen: EnhancedAntibacterialActivity in ih, Chemoth{ 7t6ti). Absenceof Carbon Dioxi'de,Antifiictob Agents '1975. (39) Bingham, E. L., and Hat, G. B.: Hyperbaric OryScn ltc.tt . Med 6't:7o,7977 ment of Refractory Osteomyelitis, Postg|l.d (40) Evans,B. E., et al: Chronic Osteomyelitisof the Mandihl, N??n York Med p 956 0$e) 1976. (41) Fowlea D. L., et aL MonoplaceHyperbari. Oxy8en l h.rrtv . for Gas Gangrene, .lAMA 238t882,'1977 (a2) Hil.ts/, N ,^.. .l nl: Anti8('nhoduction HyPer(xi(()fl!"| ( ultun,r./'ir '\\ I \llttul Mtl tz2t22l),1966. (4:]) 1r,., (, lr,2,rr,Ir,L ,ril lllrtrlr...rr,nl Arlrl t! r)f I'h.rB,r vl('si!,N,rrr,,f

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300

9 Chopler

Sunlighl ond Joundice

(11)Krueger,A. P, and Smith, R. F.:The ElfectsofAn Ions on the Living Mammalian Trac}lea,I Gm Physiol A.69 ' 1958. Ltn BadSastein, (u) windischbauea A.: Die NaLiirlicheflHeilbraefte 1948. Verlag, SprinSer and TransPira(13) Yaglou,C. P, et aL The Influenceof Respiration ,I Ind st Hy815t8' tion on Ionic Contentof Air of OccupiedRooms 1933.

Sunlight ond Psychologicol lmpoc

(1) I{a'Jtlave, A.. De I'Infi mce ile Ia Lumiercsw lesestlesOrganises, Parisi1828. (2) Miki, N., et aL Regulation of Cyclic Nucleotide Concenhation in Photoreceptors,?mc Nat AcadSd 7O3a20,"1973. (3) Cohen, R. l.: Cyclic AMP Levels in Phycomyes During a Responseto Li8ht, Natxre 251.1144,1974. (4) Ott, | . N .: Health and a*,'t Co.,1973. Old Creenwich: The Devin-Adair

.|o,",,",

ond Pollulion Sunlight

(1) Gabovich,R. D., et ali Effctof UltravioletRadiationon li)lel yes Aknd MedNanI t11 Substances, anceof th Organismto Chemical 3:26,1975. SSSR (2) DantsiS,N. M.: "UttravioletRadiation,"(in Russianlanguall book) Moscow:1966 A. P, etal:The Mechanismof AdaPtogonil lillrr I (3) Zabaluyeva, of Ultraviolt, VesftAldd Med N'uk 3|23, 1975 S'!ry( lr' lJ '4 I (4) Adams-Ra], l.: Sunlightand Catecholamines, 'r 1969. 491519,

(5) Reddy, S. R.: Predatory Behaiot ol Gambusia affirE in Relation to Different Light Colors, PhysiolBehao 74:255,'1975. (6) Anen, R. M., and Cureton,T. K.: Effectof LJltraviolet Radiation on Physical Fitness, Arch Phys Med 261('4'1,1.]45. (7) Rosin, Y A., and Fmnk, G. M.: "Ultraviolet Radiation," (in Russian languaS book)pp 122-130, Moscowr1956.

?.n

r3

Sunlighl ond Sexuoliiy

(1) wlrrtman, R. l.: "Effuts ol Lisht antt usuat sthnuli on EndoLrine Function,"trMatnni,L., and Ganong, W F. (Eds.)Neurolo$, Vol 2, Nw York AcademicPress,Inc., pp 19-59,1967. (2) Zacharias, L., and Wurtman, R. I.: Blindnessand Menarche, Obst et CWec33t603,'1969. (3) Wuiman, R. J.I The Effectsof Light on Man and Othr Mam mals, Ann Re.,Phys;ol37t467 , 197s. (4) Yen,S. S., andJaffe,R. B.: Reptuductft)e Entuclirolo3y, Philadel' phia: W B. SaundersCo., P 1a9,197a. (5) Kinson, G., andLiu, C.: Testicular Responses to Melatoninand Serotonin Implanted Peripherally in Immature Rats,Lile Sci12tI73, 1973. (6) Axelrod, J.: The Pineal Gland: A Neurochemical Transdu.el S.iznce 184.1341, 1974. (7) \ turtman,R.1., and Moskowitz, M. A. i The PinealOrgan,N, r EngJ Med 296t'1329,1977. (8) Engel, P: BestrahlunS und Folikelhormon:ihnlicheSubsti,, zen,EndoknnoLogie mt86,'t938. (9) Mye$on, A., and Neustadt,R.:lnfluenceofUltravi(trt Irrr(ii ation Upon Excretionof SexHormones in the Male, frdo.rtrt,\ / 25t7,1939. (10) Rosin, Y A., and Frank, G. M.r "Lltraviolet Ridiitn)n. (r', Russian language book) pp 122-130, Moscow:1966. (11)Adams-Ra], J.: Sunlight and Catccholaminfs,sr,( r /,,, r.r Amtr 491519, 7969 . (12) \4tutman, R. J., et aLThePineal,New York:Academicpress. Inc.,1958. (13) Dascupta, T.K., andTerz,l.:Innuenceofpinealclandon thr Crowth and Spread of Melanoma in the Hamster Cd,r.r/ R, c 27.1306,1967 . (14) Pelham,W R., et al: Twenty four-hour Cycleofa Melatonin lik Substance in the Plasma of Human Males,/ Ctin En&)cr ZZ.:341 , 1973. at High Risko/ Caicfl'r An apprcach to cancer etioloty Os) Percons and controlj proceedings of a conf, Key Biscayne, Fla, Dec 10 12, 1974, ed. byJosephF.Fraumeni,Jr.:sponsored by the Natt Cance, Inst Div of CancerControl and Rhabilitation and Div of Canc.r Causc and Prvention, and the Amer Cancei Society,saap maps l9TsAcademicPress(NY) ISBN0-12265950-3 LC 7s-34186. (16) Adeloye, A., and Felson, B.: Incidnce of Normal pincil Gland Calcification in SkuI RoentgenoSrams of Blackand White Americans, Anef / Rda? tgmt:22:503,'t974. (17) Chiba, M., and Yamada,M.r About the Calcification of th. PinealGland in the lapa^esc,Folia PsychiltNeu.ol lap \:f1,1948 (18) Daramola,G. F.,and Olowu, A.: Physiological and Radiolosi .nl Implications of a Low Incidence of Pineal Calcificatnrn in N igar ia, New oend.cnnolo gy 9t 41,'\97 2. (lt)) lillinger F.: The Influencc of Ultravioler Rays on the Bo(ty W iBht,/<ddi,Iq{v 32:157,1939

304

r nopbr 13

ond Welewolves Sunlighf

(20) Gabovich,R. D., et al: Effectof UltravioletRadiation on Tolerancof the Organism to Chemical Substances,ycstnAkodMedNauk SSSR 3:26,1975. (21) Bin8,H. I.: ReflexChanges in StriatedMuscleToneasa Result of Ultraviolet Radiation of the Skin, with Some Obser,/ations on Ihe Vechani\m, ,4.,, Mrd Scond l4ct547.lq54. (1) nis, L.: on PorphFia and the Etiology of werewolves, P/or R{)V SocMeA57,,3,1964. (2) Herndon, J. H.: Human Disease Assocrated with ExPosure k) Med 27:n ,1976. Lithr, Ann ReD (3) Mathews-Roth, M. M., et al: Beta Carotene as a Photoprotec tive Atent in Erlhropoietic ProtoporPhFia, Trans Assoc Amtr PhFbians 83t775,1970. (4) Mathews-Roth,M. M., et al: A Clinical Trial of the Effectsrn Oral Beta Carotene on the ResPonsesoI Human Skin to Solar Radiaf'o]tr,I lnoestDem 59.349,7972. (5) Frceman, G., et al Salicylanilide Photosensiniq,I InLPstDcml 1970. 54.145,

:dffbrci

306

I A l\,,

Arthritis ond Sunlight, Diseoses Miscelloneous

Patis,18]5 (1) Cauvin,l. F.:DesBid"ld itsdeI'lnsalati.n, (2) BonneL A.: kaite desMaladiesAes Attic lations, Paris: 1845 (3) Dantsig,N. M.: "Ultraviolet Radiation," (in Russianlangung, book) Moscow:1966. (4) Karachertswa, T. V, and Khodakova,I. l-: About the Inflhen!, of UV ErythemaTherapy on the CouEe of Rheumatismand th, Functional State of the Cortex of Childrcn, hp Kltrott Fiziultl 36.125,19n. (5) Luckiesh,M.: A/lfcial Sunlight,New Yoik D. Van Nostran,l Co.,Inc.,1930. y Rayos S',I (6) Pannunzio,O. N.: Ulceras Varicosas Ultfavioletas, 110:'166-'172, 1957 . Med im altaM( 'r' (7) To ica,L.: I- influenczaDella'InadiazioneSolare DiguarigioneDellFrit,A/ch ltal Chir 27.111 tagmasul Processo (12) Laurens,H., and Mayerson,H. S.: Ef{ects of RadiantEnergy 1931. on Hemorrhagic Anemi a, I Nutr 31445, (13) Mayerson, H. S., and Laurens, H.: The Effect of Radiant Energyon Experimental HemolyticAnemia,,lN tr *351,'1937. (14) Laurens,H.: The PhysioloSic Effctof Lltraviolet Radiation, AMA 11t238s, 1939 . I (15) Ingram, l. T.: Significance and Mana8emntof Psodasjs, B/if Med|2.823,1 4. (16) Bigham,A. A.: A Modem Survey of AlopeciaAreataand Its . Treatmenl, Med Press 221.t497 ,'1949 (17) Gilchrest,B. A.: Photochemistry BeyondPsoriasis, Medl{r/d Nat1s, p ?;t(Febn19n. (18) Okhonko, V I.: Treatment of DuodenalUlcerwith CholinolyI(11,'1976. tics and C eneral Ultraviolet Radiation, lt ch DLo (19) Zabaluyeva, A. P, eta| The MechanismofAdaptosenicEffect ofUltraviolt, Vrst, Aldd MedNa k3.23,'1975. (i^ (20) ltosin, Y A., and Frank, G. M.. "Ultraoiolet R1diation," Itussianlangmge book)pp 122-130, Moscow:1956.

79n.
(8) Herz, R.: lieatment of Infected Wounds in the Hamst( r l'\ Contact Applications of Ulhaviolet Rays, PrucSo. Exp BLt l)1,t 47:t54, 1947. (9) Loofbourow J. R.: Effectsof Ultraviolet Radiation on ( , Ll C h'x th t2Guppl):77. 1e48. Inlen , ll,rl ' ' (10) Loofbourow,J. R., et al: ProliJemtion PromoLing Hormones, Bbchen I 34.432,7940. (ll) Frcyt('s, H. A., et al: Ultravi(tetLight in lh( Ii(rrlr'!,,r ,,1 l')65. Ind(,lenl S,,rlr,rt M,1/ UIrers, / 5$::):)r.

308

.|6.,*,.
Howfo Sunbothe
(1) Crew W. H., and whittle, C. H.r On Absorption of Ljltraviolet Radiation by Human Sw eat,I PhVsioI93335, 1938. (2) Daniels,F., lr.: PhysicalFactors in Sun ExPo'ules,Arch Detm, 8s:358,1962. (3) Burklardt, W, and Kunzli, R.: Der Einflhss von Nass und m:n3, 1950. Kalte auf das Ultravioletterythesn, Delrrdrolosica and ol (4) Rusch,H. P, et al: The Influenceof CaloricRestriction Cdtr.r Dietafy Fat on ftmor Formationwith UltravioletRadiation, Rrss:431,1945. Denlt (5) Rothman, S., and Rubin, l.: Sunburn and PABA,I Inuest s1445,1942. (6) Hodges,N. D. M., et aL Evidencefor lncieasdGeneticDaIn Agent, .l PharmPhanoal of a Sunscreen a8eDu to the Presence 2at53,1976. (7) Lchninger, A. L; Biachemistry, ed 2, New York: worth Puh lishers,Inc.,1975.

Recommended forFurther Reoding

C unl i ohl
Ott, l. N.: Health andLigftf, Old Creenwich:The Devin Adair Co., '1973. O!,1. N.: My loary Cdla, Chicago: TwntithCentury Prss,Inc_, 1958.

Nutrition
Cleave, T. L.: Tht Sacchartire Discrsa New Canaan: Keats pubtish ing,Inc.,1975. Duft), Wiltiam:SrgdlBl ss,NewYorkrWarnerBooks,1975. Hall, RossHume,: Foodftl Mr/stut,New York:RandomHouse, VntaSe Books,1976. Leonard,l. N.; Hofea L. L.j and kitikin, N.: Li"c Ldr8efNoru, New York:Crosset& Dunlap,1974. Leonard, l. N., and Taylor, E. A.: The Lilie Lon4er Nt)w CooLbook, Nw Yoik Grosst& Dlnlap,'1977. Pritikin, N., with Mccrady, PM..The Pitikin Pn|nn for Dkt and Erercisc,New York: cmsset & Dunlap, 1979. \ddkin,lohn: Srret drd Ddr8eru6,Nw York:BantamBooks,1972.

17

Theropy of the Posl Solor

3ro
Caftohydrates,118, 119 carbon dioxide,95, 97,100 Cardiovas.uld di6e$e, S( Heart disease Cuolene, , r 08l d7 88. l0Z 108. lln, l14,l18,Uj 87, ta, 130,737,225 TabL 1,132 canvi^, J. F., 229, 262 Chemicab (toxic), :1972m Chehotherapt 28, 114 Cho(olate, 185,186 Cholesterol,lT. qo 50 70 01. l14 120 14l lrl4. l4^, 150,183, setum blood cholesterol, 31,5l-58, 105, l13, 1rA, 182 Chotesteiolalpha-oxide,93, 107 Ctuomium,59,118,120 122 Cigdettes, 185,186 Ci6 form of fat, 98, 99 Coal dust, 198 Cod livr oil, 140 Coffee, 185,186 Colds, 44, 45 Commrcial heater6, 193,194 Complex carbohydrates, 37 Congenitalhean disea6e, 150 Coppei,20l Coni6on,51,144,146, 230 Cosmic rays, 24, 26 Cuieton, Thoma6, S.. forewoid Cushing syndlome, 145 cy(li. AMP (CAMP) (cyclicadenosnre monophosphate), 3t, 181, 18a189,202 208 Dairy products, 50, ftrld IV 135,L36,152 Ddkn66.213,221, 255 Dak-skinned people, 70-73,9\, 92, 205 Desserts, ?ile /I, 135,136 Diet high fat, 73, 93, 110,117 low fat, 37, 5a, 12, 149 te6ned,80, 94,105,107,160 snnplecarbohydiate, 119 sunbather's diet,100,107-710,122,123,130, l:11 , fti,lcs I IV 132' 136 v.g.hriin. s.e not. ftl,k IV 135,136

Index
ACTH,145 Adrenal glands, 145,182,193 , 215,n6, 218,235 Adrenalin, 31,41,42,182,186, 200,2-35 ABinE, 28, 75 89, 92 Air,191-195 Bil 6alh, 146 Bilirubin, 203,205, 2-'13 Biosphere,2 Blind .hildren, 213 Bl oodfat,l l 9, L% Blood pres6uF. 27. ll 18.44.40.<8.b2 oo 7U 1 :114,193 Blood ,l!gt, 27, 51, 39, 46,':f.67, 70, 73, 120,136 Blueri8ht,205 Blut, T. R.,22161, 264 Bomel, A., 2-30 Btadlet Robelt A.,89 Btain, a4,145, A1, 2\4,216 , 278 Bmnchial asthma,35, 193 Bronchial pneunonia, 35

Dental .avities, 119,lNl D\abet$,27,39, 41,6t t, Di*ase, 81, 86 diseases treated bv |t1r DNA,245 Domagk G., 27, 268 Dom es, A. , 27, 161, 2r 'I Drlrgt causingphotosrn Duodenal ulcer,ru, 2r ' Dusts, 198,200

Antibacterial action, 161,12,265 Antibodies, 78, 173-f5, 181,188, gama globulin, 174,176,185,188 Antibiotics, 161,268 Antihyperten6iveagent, 63, 70 Antioxidant,80, Ul, 128,130 An tyl l us , 33, 260 Apperly, Fiank, U0 A lhpro6(lerosis.4o.LLrc4.s7. r8. N. o0, {r4 7u, ^2, 106, 130, 137,149 A.lhritis, 114, 11E, 229 231,236 rhcudatoid dthritis, 231 Auto-immune disease, 103 Aulumnal equinox,256

Ebemaien, Dr , 262 Edema,145 Eleclric waves, 24, 26 Electdcal.hdge, 191,l"l Electrccardiogam,31, I Electroencephalogram . Ele.tromagnetic6pe(tn, Ele<&ons, 75, 76, 8A "Elfin faces",150 Endurance,3l"36,a6 endurance exero sc ti'r' Energy, 35, 46

cxcrciseprcgran, i . Estrogen,(scxhorm,i,,, r

Cal.ium,142, 144,l5O,152, 154 Calcium lactate,193 "CAMP" Sr. Cy.li. AMP Can<er, E:115,779, 124,776, 185,187, 193,t95 brasl,93,100,101, 111, 220 colon,93,100,101,lll Hodgkin disease,176 juvenilc paplllomas, u6 l ung,l l l malignantintcrnal,70 mligmnt nr.lan(rnn.e5. ?le \ \i r,7l , ()t ()i , t()(l| | ). t,r_, J.rr..' ,t.t .rl .j

Eyes. 31, 210, 214 21r . " blind children,213

lalkow, Stanley,165 Fats, 66, 75, a4 animal fat, 78, 100.l0

fat conteniofdicr, r, ,. r, mrgadne, 1t!4, l2lr

It!.trri.l inf e.lions, 27 lhklncss (A l,)pccia :reata), 234 ll(.lwcenntrral sna(ks, 136 ll(.v.rra.s, ,rr, /ll 135, 136,l.Lu
t . llriil, rl i I U h,vr I'lt.s, lr ' 1 6 ,1 8 6

oils, 76,78, 79,80,81.t polyunsaturated t, r, t, 771, 122,123,t25, t.\t rl I saturated lats, 77,7N, 125,1E transiais, tllJ, !!, lr)0,rl

2
fat, z, 78,83, 85 ||||s.tturated !"liolable fats,84,100,l0l l dlly. . i d s, 1 2 8 lll'cr, u0,81,118, 119 llndcn, Niels, 27, 162,26s lftrur, blachd,130 llu,45, lsz 164 lu'd rnd DruB Administralion, l05 I ood dd Nulrition Board, 80, 84,147 l:iimingham stud, 62, 65 |.ru' ..di.als, 75-114, 123. 125,U8, 136 {rnlrurnin8,93 lilcdman, Meyer, ?4 I rdi,t,lirhL4132-736 (;!mma globulin, 17,1, 175,776,745,7au (;lu.Ne tolerancetest,5E,59 (lly.o8en,3l, 36,!10, 60,61 ,l{), 61 synlhtasc, rily.ogen (; out , 6 3 ,2 3 3 (;r.rks,27, 36, 260 inflnenza, 45, 157,1O1, 89 ll$t, DeryL 167,264 llry f.ver, 193 l lr u lr ive A.,2 0 7 136,148 l l.!rl di seas.,49, 53'64,72,106,119, l lr d ing , L . D., 161 l l( ' liosi s,2 6 0 I l('liothe.apy,260,263 ll(,patitis (vi.al),170,U6, 233 I hrddolus, 31, 260 l liB h ra l d i e t, 77,93,110, ll7 l lo. lg(s, N. D. M . , 245 lf onnonr, ll, :16, 7U,l l7, 113 146,193,?f3, 1 l 2tr, 2 3 2 |lr , , !n r' ti rr lL] . n6 l, s s , . , 7i l ( \ li ,rfi i ,rr' s , ll. 5l, 2l: l 221 l l y r lf '!.l f .t' i . t , r ' w. ' , l' . r . l, l I lll I l y , l! r't!.n rl In r t ' r t r r ii. l ' , i1, Hype.tension, 50, 62-62 119,14s Hypoglycemia,39, 41 Ions, Positive, 191,192 Ions/ Negalive, 191,192

Ia .o n o ,l . M.,66 Immme response, 30, 172,173 172,774,181, Immune 6y6tem, 101105, 112-775, 185-189, 231,233 tnfections,157189,30, 31,45,70, 73 baollary dvsenta.),170 blood poisoning, 164 bone,183 bronchial asthma, 164

Iaadice , 72, 73, 203, 205 ad'!t jaundice, 233 lo8tring,6,67 l ohNon, l. R. , 263

Ma.rophage. U2, 173,175 Magn$ium, 1!18,149 Male Benital', 31,37, 274,217, i 1 Malnutdtion, 160 Maryai^e, n4,],9, TubI( IU t3,' Mayonnaise, 104,ZrlP IV 135. I I Meat dd poultry products/ lir,/ Melalonin, 214 219 Mellanbr l40

Kidney,145 kidney disease, 114 kidney calcification, 150 K o.h, R. , 157 Krusen, E H.,266

l& child bith infections, cholera, 159,170 179,180,189 colds,45,176, fungal infcctions of the skn, 164 gas gan8renc, 183 hePartis, 170,u6, 233 herpcs sinplex, 176

La.habe, Dr., 262 La.ti. acid, 34, 46, 95-97 Lead,198 Leberr, H., 263 Lecilhin,128 Lighting, 208'211 blue, 205 envircnmental lighting, 208, 209, 221 tuI spcctrun light, 211" 247 249,153,180 pink, 209 radiationshielded,2ll red, 210 s'hjtc, 211,21a Linden, Di,151 Linolic acid, 102 Lipotuscin pigments, 75, z List r, J.,157 Low-.holesterol diet,135,136,119 Low-far dier, 37, 5a, t2,149 Lung6, 193,198-200 Lupus erylhemato6!6, 114,24, 25 Lympho.ytes, 2Z 31, 173-1n, 1a3-7a5, 1A7,le8

Mental retadation, LaO Menstrual period, 216,217 Mitk, a), nbb Iv 735,736,14t, 1| lljiley, C. ,164 N{lllioz,263 Minetak, 79-86, 119, 122,136 trace minerals, 201 Mitochondrii, 97-100, 125 Mu6cle6,33-44 musclediseases,86 Muscular dystropht 86 Mus.ular strength/36,45, 4t)

162168,U9, 189 respiraloryinfectjons, spinal neningitis, 166 strcptococcusinfection, 163 tubcrculosis, 33, 78, 157,175 tuberculosis of the bone, 163 tub(ulosis of thc int shne,163 tub(ulosis of thc skin, 162 typhoid, 170 viral infeciions, V6 viral pneumonia,164 Influenza,45, 157,164 Infiared rays,25, 26 Infrired lamp, 248, 2.{e In s u l i n ,39 41,59' 61, l 2(r insulin therapv 60 l { l rrm i tl a nt.l audi .nti on,' ,t)

Negnlive (har8ed aii,192,l9:1.l ' ions, 191, 192 Neflols system,207, 208,2ll .' r Neutrophil6, 177,178,188 Nigft,277,2]3,2n,255 Nobel Priz,22 95, 162 Nodhem hemisphere,25, 2! Nut6 and seeds, ftblds, 134 l:lr,

Obsily,94, 119,145, 221 oil,4/so sff fats?hlL /Y l3:, r:rr, Oil rcfininS pro.ff,126, l17 Ollier, E.,263 Ophthalmia, 262 Orteofralacia,2, 11u,152,l1'l

O t r , lohn N. , S. . l, r t ir lu( lr ir i . il O lir ir s, : r ll llt , ?lr l i{) r r ) 7 , . ', 1,l1 ( ) \ ygr r , r l L 11,

314
OrySen (arrying capacity of blood,34, 35, 5Z 58, 124,1 Racial predisposiiion. 70, Z Radioadivity, 191 Raw milk,155 Red brood cell6, sZ 124 clunpinS, 124,125 Respiratory !ate, 34, 46 R$ting hean de, 31,34 Rleumatism, 29, aio, 263 1$, 144 \i<ker6,7a, n, 72,139, 265 Rolliet A.,162, (1909) U9, 180,198,200 Rursians,55,67,158, Sal t,65,99 Sanitation, 157-160 12' . Sai u.red fats,77.78.8304.ac. I05 D 2. 124. 129 S.u!y,81 Seelig, MildEd, Dr., 148-150 Selenim, 80, 85-87, 107,123 Sensirivity to 6un, 22-226, 237s.d Sunbming selye, H.,41 Sex hortriones, 31, 51"146,214,216-219 Senality, 146,213-221 Sl:.orrenin9,129,136, TtbleIV, 1i5, 1i6 Skin (M.er,73. ql-o4. l00-llc. I22. lZ|. 125.215. Solar Homs, 249 Skin tuberculGb, 27, 26'6 Sold energy, 21-24 Southem hemtuphere, 29 StimulanG, 185,186 coffee (catreine),185,186 tea (theophyline), 185,186 hocolate (theobromine), 185,186 ciSdettes (nicotine), 42, 185 Sllss,35, 41,42, 45, 65, 77,8), 193 Sb.ok , il, 58, 63, (4, 72 122,1 Stga\ 59, 65,95,, 97,118,l 19, Summer solslice.255,256 117,131'1 ,754, Sunbathin8, 34, 89, 94, 112"\75, '$5,1a4, 237, 23a, 243, 249 Sunbather'sdieuo0,107110,12,123. lill), l3l, TtbbsI-lV 132 136 Sunburning,92, 93, 102,103,107 Sunlanps, 247'249 Sunim lotions, 244,245 sun worshippetr, 253, 2s7-259 Systemiceffe.ts oI 6unshine,.rari 3l

acid),245 PABA, (para-aminobenzoic Pagan holidaF, 2-41 Palm,264 Paralyticileus,35 Pa6teur,Loutu, 157 PasteEization, 155 160 Pathogenic organi6ms, badena, ftl 178,183 colonbaolhs, 170,1n Pneumo.o..us,16s staphldeos, 167 stleptNdos, 165 Pepti( ul(ers, 235 63 Peiiphenl aderial di6ease, Pesticides,198 Pha8ocyli.index, 31 Pha8ocytosis, 12, 178, 182 Phdphorou6. 144,152 40, 61 Phosphorylase, Photosen6itivity, 24, 225 Pincknet E. R.,78 Pinealbody (or gland),214 , 215,zt9, 220 Pituitary gland, 145 Plaques,52,53,59 Polarerylorers,1al Pollulion,197 201 Polyunsarutated fat,75-85,94,, 1|, 723, 125,126, 129,7gJ,$6 I'o8ilive chargedair, 192-194 192 positivcnrns,191, Ilctn.nct 89,150,151 Itcvi ta m i. D, 141, 143 l'ro8esteron, 144, 146 l\odrglandins, 102,185, 186

Ta.hysterol, 141 Test$, 37, 2t4, ZY, na T$tostercne, 36, 37, 1t4, 146 Thlaoid gland, 221 Tinted eye-glas6es,210,249 Tobacco,185,186 Toxic agenls, 197 201

Vegetables, Zbh. 1.r., r, Vegetable oil,84, r]{r i) Vemal equinor, lil .' , , vilamins/ 79,80,81.8 r r,1 viianin A, &t l /l 1.r., r1 131,224 vitamin C, kl'[ i, l r r riL 123,130,131 vit am inD, 45, 5l,7t r, ' l vitaminE, ftbi /ll. rrl N 118,123,130, r3r. I r.' I

cdbon tetrcchlo.ine, 199 cobalt, 199 flouride,199 hexachlorcbenzene,199 lead, 199

mcthylnercaptophos, 199 Peshcides,198 vitamin B, 152 ltans lats, 98, 99, 129,1m Tri8lycedds, 50, 53, 12 Trondin, Thodore, 261 ILberolostu, 33, 73, 162,253 Turck,263

Warbulg, Otto,95, (). Watd, Marshall, 16l,;,r,, Wdd, Sistei,203,2l),1 Werewolves, 223.2l.l White blood cells,27. lt:' I lymphocvt.s, 27,:rr. lt r I neutrcphils, lZ, J78,l$1 lZ, 178 Phagocytes, Winler, 25, 27.2!, l5\ lxrr lNi'e,264 Wounds.232 Wlyander, Emest, 1.,:'

X-ray6, 26, 774,2nt]'..\1'l

9a,1.02-1.05, 107,

I'so.iasis,ll4, 2ll, 234 l'u ri fi .a t ionof wat er 16 9 ,l \l ,n i f nt nnr , l6t ) lhy.hol'ti.rl impa.t of sunshine,207,210

Ude, 266 Ul<ets, 43, 232,235 duodemL 43, 23s PePtic, 235 Ultnviotet light, 25, 26 Ultraviolet wive lengthr, 1n Unsitutard lats, Z 78,83, 85, %, 102, t22,124,125 Upper respiratoryinfections, A1 Ur i. . cid. 233 U. 5. Depl. of ABr i. ullu. e Hr ndbook, N o .8 l ( inp$ili'nt ot L! r , lll