CNC Stands For Computer Numerical Control, And: G-Code. CNC Was Developed in

CNC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CNC&printable=yes
CNC
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The abbreviation CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control, and refers specifically to the computer control of machine tools for the purpose of (repeatedly) manufacturing complex parts in metal as well as other materials, using a program written in a notation conforming to the EIA-274-D standard and commonly called G-code. CNC was developed in the late 1940s and early 1950s by the MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory. CNC machines were relatively briefly preceded by the less advanced NC, or Numerical(ly) Control(led), machines.
Contents
1 Description 2 Basic ISO CNC Code 3 Tools with CNC variants 4 See also 5 External links
A CNC Turning Center
Description
The introduction of CNC machines radically changed the manufacturing industry. Curves are as easy to cut as straight lines, complex 3-D structures are relatively easy to produce, and the number of machining steps that required human action have been dramatically reduced. With the increased automation of manufacturing processes with CNC machining, considerable improvements in consistency and quality have been achieved. CNC automation reduced the frequency of errors and provided CNC operators with time to perform additional tasks. CNC automation also allows for more flexibility in the way parts are held in the manufacturing process and the time required to change the machine to produce different components. In a production environment, a series of CNC machines may be combined into one station, commonly called a "cell", to progressively machine a part requiring several operations. CNC machines today are controlled directly from files created by CAM software packages, so that a part or assembly can go directly from design to manufacturing without the need of producing a drafted paper drawing of the manufactured component. In a sense, the CNC machines represent a special segment of industrial robot systems, as they are programmable to perform many kinds of machining operations (within their designed physical limits, like other robotic systems).
Basic ISO CNC Code

| M03, M04, M05 Spindle CW, Spindle CCW, Spindle Stop | M08, M09 Coolant/lubricant on, Coolant/lubricant off M30 Reset M99 Program end M00, M01 Program stop, optional stop
Create PDF with GO2PDF for free, if you wish to remove this line, click here to buy Virtual PDF Printer
1 of 4 4/20/2006 8:40 PM
| G96, G97 Constant surface speed, Constant Spindle speed G50 Maximum spindle speed G18, G19 Feed mm pr revolvation, feed mm/min G00, G01 rapid movement, Programed feed | F Feed S Spindle Speed | direction Coordinats X Y Z A B C
Example of a simple CNC lathe program O1234 G50 S2000 G96 S300 M03 G00 T0606 (ROUGHT TURN TOOL) G18 X37. Z0. G01 X-1. F0.2 Z1. G00 X30. G01 Z-20. X33. X35. Z-21. Z-25. X37. G00 X150. Z300. M01 T0101 (18MM DRILL) G97 S1000 G19 M03 X0. Z5. G01 Z-25. F100 G00 Z5. X150. Z300. M05 M30
the stock and the part the program produces
Example of a simple CNC milling program A simple example might be a 4" x 2" rectangle. The basic code might read something like:
2 of 4 4/20/2006 8:40 PM
N1X0Y0T01 N2X0Y2000 N3X4000Y2000 N4X4000Y0 N5X0Y0 N6M00
Line 1 (N1) tells the machine to traverse to grid point X0Y0 and to pick tool #1 Line 2 tells the machine to traverse to grid point X0Y2.000 Line 3 tells the machine to travel to grid point X4.000Y2.000 Line 4 tells the machine to travel to grid point X4.000Y0 Line 5 returns the machine to origin Line 6 stops the machine Note that the program does nothing to define the tool cutting path. If the machine is a router and uses a 1/8" radius cutter, the actual part will end up 1/4" smaller than designed (1/8" per side). To compensate, a G-code command (in this case) may be used to adjust the tool path.
N1G44M0125 N2X0Y0T01 N3X0Y2000 N4X4000Y2000 N5X4000Y0 N6X0Y0 N7M00
In this case, the controller sees the first line and adjusts the location of the cutter to .125 (or 1/8") to the outside of the cutting profile. Now the machine will make a part that matches the one designed. Depending on the cutting tool, the compensation can be set as needed. For example, a laser with a very fine beam might have a compensation of .005", while a waterjet with a .060 inside tip diameter may need a compensation of .030.
the stock and the part the program produces
Tools with CNC variants

Drills EDMs Lathes Milling machines Wood routers Sheetmetal works Hot-wire foam cutters
See also
Computer-aided design (CAD) Computer-aided engineering (CAE) Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
External links
Industrias Romi S.A. (http://www.romi.com.br) , machine tool builder in Brazil Haas Automation, Inc. (http://www.haascnc.com) , machine tool builder in the United States Mori Seiki (http://www.moriseiki.co.jp/english/index.html) , machine tool builder in Japan.
3 of 4 4/20/2006 8:40 PM
Computers advance stoneworking technology (http://www.stoneworld.com/CDA/ArticleInformation/features/BNP__Features__Item/0,4046,65312,00.html) By Jill Critchley (Stone World; www.stoneworld.com), 10 Oct 2001 GE Fanuc Automation Europe S.A. (http://www.gefanuc-europe.com) Fundamentals Of CNC (http://www.cncci.com/resources/articles/CNC%20basics%201.htm) Introduction to CNC Metal Spinning Techniques (http://www.franjometal.com/metal-spinning/cnc-metal-spinning.html) Flow Forming and Shear Forming w/ CNC (http://www.franjometal.com/metal-spinning/flow-forming.html) CNC Zone (http://www.cnczone.com) , Large DIY CNC forums The Enhanced Machine Controller (http://www.linuxcnc.org) , opensource CNC control software Converting mini- or micro-milling machine to a computer controlled fabrication tool (CNC) (http://www.sci-spot.com/Mechanical/cnc.htm) [1] (http://www.matsuura.co.uk) Matsuura - Japanese Builder of High Speed 5 Axis, Horizontal & Vertical CNC machines, & ultra high speed Linear Motor CNC Machine Tools Modern Mechanix Blog (http://blog.modernmechanix.com/2006/04/05/an-automatic-machine-tool/) : 1952 Scientific American article discussing the new automatic, punch tape driven, machine tools coming online.
Metalworking:
CNC, CAD, and CAM: 2.5D | CAD | CAE | CAM | CNC | G-code | Numerical control | Stewart platform
Metalworking topics: Casting | CNC | Cutting tools | Drilling and threading | Fabrication | Finishing | Grinding | Jewellery | Lathe (tool) | Machining | Machine tooling | Measuring | Metalworking | Hand tools | Metallurgy | Milling | Occupations | Press tools | Smithing | Terminology | Welding
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNC" Categories: Automation | CNC, CAD, and CAM | Embedded systems | Tools | Production and manufacturing
This page was last modified 15:35, 12 April 2006. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (see Copyrights for details). Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers
4 of 4 4/20/2006 8:40 PM

CNC Stands For Computer Numerical Control, And: G-Code. CNC Was Developed in

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CNC Stands For Computer Numerical Control, And: G-Code. CNC Was Developed in

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CNC Stands For Computer Numerical Control, And: G-Code. CNC Was Developed in

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CNC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A CNC Turning Center

Basic ISO CNC Code

CNC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

the stock and the part the program produces

CNC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

N1X0Y0T01 N2X0Y2000 N3X4000Y2000 N4X4000Y0 N5X0Y0 N6M00

the stock and the part the program produces

Tools with CNC variants

CNC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

You might also like