Lecture12b - Basic Gaslift Sec 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design

Gas Lift
Production Technology
Lecture 12b: Gas Lift - Section 5
Mandrel Spacing Design
Recommended R d dT Text: t A Artificial tifi i l Lift Methods, M th d Kermit E. Brown, Volume 2a PennWell Publishing Co, Tulsa, OK, 1980
Akim Kabir Senior Lecturer Department of Petroleum Engineering Curtin University of Technology
Aug 2008
Section 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design
Slide 1
Gas Lift
Mandrel Spacing p g in Continuous Flow Wells

Purpose of Spacing
Reach R h th the operating ti gas lift valve l (GLV), (GLV) normally ll an orifice ifi valve l (GLOV) Maintain single point injection at that point Design to be flexible to accommodate future change in well parameters
Purpose of GLV Design

For a continuous flow design, the basic objectives are: - To inject gas as deep as possible - To conserve as much casing operating pressure as possible - To T ensure the th well ll can be b unloaded l d d successfully f ll + Ensure all upper valves closure after the final point of injection is established - To T be b able bl to t open a valve l with ith kick-off ki k ff pressure regardless dl of f th the tubing t bi fluid level in the tubing
Slide 2
Gas Lift
Design g Mandrel Spacing p g Universal Method

(Pwh + 0.2 Pso)
0 0 500
PRESSURE (PSI)
1000
On the graph paper

Draw the injection j operating p g pressure p gradient (from Pso)
500
Determine flowing tubing head pressure and plot it on the graph paper Determine point of gas injection (assume operating differential Pdiff = 100 psi) and calculate / trace operating flowing pressure traverse Calculate surface pressure for design tbg. line Pwh + 0.2 Pso or Pwh+ 200 (whichever is greater)
100 psi
DEPTH H (FT TVD)
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
T P Top Packer k
Mid Perforation
To determine the design tubing pressure, draw the line starting from the calculated surface pressure to intersect the expected flowing gradient line at the p point of gas g injection j
3500
Slide 3
Gas Lift
Design Depth for First Mandrel (Universal)

0 0 500
PRESSURE (PSI)
1000
On the g graph paper

50 psig
500
DEPTH H (FT TVD)
1000
Starting from FTHP draw the static gradient line for the completion fluid (unloading gradient) to intersect Pko line Place the first mandrel at the point where the differential pressure between the kick-off and a du unloading oad g g gradient ad e t is s 50 psig
1500
2000
2500
3000
T P Top Packer k
Mid Perforation
3500
Slide 4
Gas Lift
Setting g Depth p for Second & Deeper p Mandrels ( (Universal) )

0 0 500
PRESSURE (PSI)
1000
On the graph paper U Using i th the static t ti gradient di t li line of f the completion fluid, draw a parallel line from the intersection point of the 1st mandrel depth and the tubing design line to intersect the available casing pressure line i i.e. e injection operating pressure line.
500
DEPT TH (FT TVD)
1000
1500
2000
2500
Inj Point
Place the second mandrel at that point i t Repeat the above steps until reaching the point of injection or below
3000
Top Packer
Mid Perforation
3500
Slide 5
Gas Lift
Pdiff and Mandrel Spacing Around Inj. Depth

PRESSURE (PSI)
0 1000
Pdiff = Operating Differential It is the difference between operating ti gas inj. i j press. at t depth d th (Pc) and established flowing tubing pressure at depth (Pt) GLVs in the vicinity of the point of injection should be close enough to ensure a maximum allowable differential of 100 psi
500
DEPT TH (FT TVD)
1000
1500
2000
Pdiff (Inj Point)

100 psi
Valve spacing has to be at certain interval (minimum) to assure a maximum Pdiff Pdiff = GfDv Gf= Flowing grad. below inj point Dv = distance between valves Example, Pdiff = 100 psi Gf = 0.4 psi/ft => Dv = 100/0.4 100/0 4 = 250 ft
2500
3000
Top Packer
Mid Perforation
3500
Slide 6
Gas Lift
Pdiff and Mandrel Spacing p g Around Inj. j Depth p

PRESSURE (PSI)
0 1000
500
DEPTH H (FT TVD)
1000
For larger g spacing p g max Pdiff is higher; therefore, everything else remaining the same, have to inject j at shallower depth p i.e. lower lifting efficiency / lower Qliq If only valves 1 and 3 were present, max. operating differential could be as high as 200 psi, before transfer to the next lower valve occurs On the other hand, too close spacing will cause multi point injection, since upper valve will not see sufficient pressure reduction to close
1500
2000
Pdiff (Inj Point)

200 psi Valve #1 Valve #2 Valve #3 250 250
2500
100 psi
3000
T Packer Top P k
Mid Perforation
3500
Slide 7
Gas Lift
Design g the Deepest p Mandrel ( (Universal) )

0 0 500
PRESSURE (PSI)
1000
On the Graph Paper Bracket the valve spacing to permit a valve to be located at the point of gas injection and with at least one valve below this point. i t S Several l more valves l may be placed below this (above packer) depending on expected f t re well future ell parameters If the last few valves are too close, space them at an interval somewhat less than max valve spacing derived from design Pdiff (but > ~100)
500
DEPT TH (FT TVD)
1000
1500
2000
2500
Inj Point
3000
Top Packer
Mid Perforation
3500
Slide 8
Gas Lift
Example of Mandrel Design for PPO Valves

0 0 500
PRESSURE (PSI)
1000
500
DEPTH (FT TVD)
1000
1500
2000
2500
100 psig
3000
Top p Packer
Mid Perforation
3500
Slide 9
Gas Lift
Example p of Mandrel Design g for IPO Valves

0 0 PRESSURE (PSI) 500 1000
On the graph paper Methodology remains the same except the followings:
To determine the next deeper mandrel f from th 1st mandrel the d l downward, d d the th starting point is the intersection point of the expected flowing gradient and the mandrel line Casing pressure will have to be lowered approximately 20 psig for each valve to assure closure of upper valves once the lower valve is passing gas
100
500
1000
DEPTH (FT T TVD)
1500
PPO IPO
2000
2500
3000
3500
Top Packer Mid Perforation
Slide 10
3 0 0 2 , 3 1 y a M : = a i s p 0 5 4 , 1 == b t d s a / / f i b c s t %s p s 0 013 05 0 9 7 4 , 1 6 1 1 K B 1 K B e g n a h C o N V L G 3 6 4 1 O P I V L G

g a P k 4 0 9 , 9
d / 3 m k 3 4 = d / f c s M M 5 . 1 i s p / d / B T S 0 1 0 2 0 2 1 K B w e n y m m u D O P I V L G

y a d / g L a K P mk 55 0 6 2 4 , 6
r e e n i g n E e e n g c n a a h l C i e e v r v u l rS a e V e r t n n f i i S g l s n 9 a E M G sP r e o , c f r i i e v b m l r a i e a F K r s . g l l H o e e r . W W A P :::: T C E M J B OCU OF R CS T
A i g g n i T : N O I T A C O L
T : . O N L L E W
# M L G
8 2 A G
H 5 B TK . PR 6 5 Et 2 Df 2
tn k i P Me1 Lz GS HB TK 8 . PR 7 E8 Dm6

1 1 1 1 1 . 4 4 6 1 0 . 4 9 3 5 2 . 9 4 2 2 2 . 9 7 3 7 4 . 7 5 4 2 3 . 2 6 0 8 3 . 6 5 6 2 9 . 4 1 7 8
d e t c e t e d g n i k a e l s e v l v y m m u D 1 2 3 4 5 * e t o N

N O I T A L L A T S N I S E V L A V T F I L S A G M R O F T S E U Q E R
Oga Ri / Tsn Pp e S z U S V TL tAG r T S P Tl N e Ed Ro RM U C

E T A D
e r u s s e r dp e f t f o c e k p c x i E K n g i s e d I P
e t a r t f i l s a G n g i s e D g ei n t t a a r r qp e t i l u o c n R r g e i O Pa t s C G e WF D P a a 5 9 / / n 6 n 1
g i s p 0 d 7 P F1 1 0 S 6 C E @ P O g SR 0 i 7 s 3 STp EP 1 V L A e V S z V L 6 WG t1 E r NlP 1 De Ed K So B OM P O R O P P eI Vp L Gy T V L G 3 2 1 1 0 4 3 1 0 0 8 0 6 4 1 3 2 1 1 n e k o r b h c t a l
Gas Lift
- - 0 0 2 2 1 K 1 K - - B B
y em Vp L m y GT u D
* y m m u D
* y m m u D
O P I V L G
O P I V L G
Slide 11
# M L G
HB5 T K . P 6 R 5 E 2 t D f 2
0 . 4 9 3 5
2 . 9 7 3 7
3 . 2 6 0 8
9 . 4 1 7 8 1 2 3 4 5
g n i e s k o r 3 b dp0 3 2 2 7 P F 1 1 1 h 1 1 1 c 0 t a l S 6 C @ E P O g S 0 0 0 R i 0 4 7 6 s 0 T 3 3 4 p SP 8 1 1 1 E V L A e V Vz S 6 0 6 0 WL r t1 1 2 2 EG P N l 1 1 1 1 e Dd K K K K E o B B B B S M O P e g O w n R a e O O O P h VeP P n P C I I I p L o y y G T N m V V V L L L m V G G G u L D G

Slide 12
Gas Lift
Gas Lift
Information Required q for Design g

As much of the following information as possible should be obtained: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 7. 8. 9. 10. 0 11. 12. 13. 14 14. 15. 16. Tubing and casing Mid-perf. Depth Oil API Formation gas-oil ratio (GOR) Injection gas and formation gas specific gravity Expected daily gross production W t Water-cut t Water specific gravity Flowing well tubing head pressure Available a ab e cas casing g head ead p pressure essu e Available lift gas injection rate Productivity index or IPR Curve Reservoir Pressure B tt h l temperature Bottomhole t t Flowing tubing head temperature Type of reservoir with expected depletion performance
Slide 13
Gas Lift
Class Exercise #3 Mandrel Spacing Design

Given the following well data:
Tubing Size (ID) = Casing Size (ID) = FTHP = FTHT = Gross Production = Water-cut = GOR = Oil API = Formation/Lift Gas S.G = Avail. Csg Head (Kickoff) = Assume Pso = Top p packer p depth p = Reservoir Press. = Temp. = Depth = Productivity Index Completion fluid gradient= Geothermal gradient = Gas Compr. Factor Zavg = 3 in. 8.681 in. 100 psig 120 F 4000 b/d 0 % 200 scf/bbl 35 0.65 1300 psig 1200 psig 6500 TVD ( (ft) ) 2900 psig 160 F 8000 TVD (ft) = 5 b/d/psi (assume st. line IPR) 0.5 psi/ft 1.4 F/100ft 0.88 @ Avg Temp
Find the following:

1) 2) 3) 4) Location of the op. valve Location of other valves Gas volume needed Valve port size
Slide 14

Lecture12b - Basic Gaslift Sec 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design

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Gas Lift

Mandrel Spacing p g in Continuous Flow Wells

Purpose of GLV Design

Section 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design

Design g Mandrel Spacing p g Universal Method

On the graph paper

DEPTH H (FT TVD)

Section 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design

Design Depth for First Mandrel (Universal)

On the g graph paper

DEPTH H (FT TVD)

Section 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design

Setting g Depth p for Second & Deeper p Mandrels ( (Universal) )

DEPT TH (FT TVD)

Section 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design

Pdiff and Mandrel Spacing Around Inj. Depth

DEPT TH (FT TVD)

Pdiff (Inj Point)

Section 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design

Pdiff and Mandrel Spacing p g Around Inj. j Depth p

DEPTH H (FT TVD)

Pdiff (Inj Point)

Section 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design

Design g the Deepest p Mandrel ( (Universal) )

DEPT TH (FT TVD)

Section 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design

Example of Mandrel Design for PPO Valves

DEPTH (FT TVD)

Section 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design

Example p of Mandrel Design g for IPO Valves

DEPTH (FT T TVD)

Top Packer Mid Perforation

Section 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design

Section 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design

Section 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design

Information Required q for Design g

Section 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design

Class Exercise #3 Mandrel Spacing Design

Find the following:

Section 5 - Mandrel Spacing Design

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