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    National National LANGUAGES Languages && National National LANGUAGES Languages && Language Language PLANNING Planning Language Language PLANNING Planning

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    Yuanitha Hue
    This document discusses national and official languages. It provides examples of official languages for different countries. There are generally four steps to developing an official language: selection of the variety, codification to standardize features, elaboration to extend its functions, and securing acceptance. Language planning aims to deliberately change languages, such as developing new terminology. It is handled by committees and focuses on solving specific problems in communities. Linguists often advise in developing national languages. National languages aim to unify a nation, represent separate identity, hold prestige over local varieties, and serve as the standard for correctness.

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    National National LANGUAGES Languages && National National LANGUAGES Languages && Language Language PLANNING Planning Language Language PLANNING Planning

    Uploaded by

    Yuanitha Hue
    70 views11 pages
    This document discusses national and official languages. It provides examples of official languages for different countries. There are generally four steps to developing an official language: selection of the variety, codification to standardize features, elaboration to extend its functions, and securing acceptance. Language planning aims to deliberately change languages, such as developing new terminology. It is handled by committees and focuses on solving specific problems in communities. Linguists often advise in developing national languages. National languages aim to unify a nation, represent separate identity, hold prestige over local varieties, and serve as the standard for correctness.

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    This document discusses national and official languages. It provides examples of official languages for different countries. There are generally four steps to developing an official language: selection of the variety, codification to standardize features, elaboration to extend its functions, and securing acceptance. Language planning aims to deliberately change languages, such as developing new terminology. It is handled by committees and focuses on solving specific problems in communities. Linguists often advise in developing national languages. National languages aim to unify a nation, represent separate identity, hold prestige over local varieties, and serve as the standard for correctness.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    70 views11 pages

    National National LANGUAGES Languages && National National LANGUAGES Languages && Language Language PLANNING Planning Language Language PLANNING Planning

    Uploaded by

    Yuanitha Hue
    This document discusses national and official languages. It provides examples of official languages for different countries. There are generally four steps to developing an official language: selection of the variety, codification to standardize features, elaboration to extend its functions, and securing acceptance. Language planning aims to deliberately change languages, such as developing new terminology. It is handled by committees and focuses on solving specific problems in communities. Linguists often advise in developing national languages. National languages aim to unify a nation, represent separate identity, hold prestige over local varieties, and serve as the standard for correctness.

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    National LANGUAGES & Language PLANNING

    Created By:

    Siti Nurani, S.Pd., M.Hum

    NATIONAL AND OFFICIAL LANGUAGES


    A national language is the language of a political, cultural and social unit. It is g generally y developed p and used as a symbol of national unity. Its functions are to identify the nation and unite its people. An official language is the language which may be used for government business. Its function is primarily utilitarian rather than symbolic. symbolic

    LANGUAGE?
    Country
    A Australia li Singapore Indonesia France Tanzania India Canada Paraguay Brazil

    Official Language (s)


    E li h English Malay, Mandarin, Tamil, English Indonesian French Swahili English Swahili, Hindi, English, 14 regional languages English, French Guarani, Spanish Portuguese

    Planning for a National Offi i l L Official Language


    There are four steps in developing a code or variety for official use: 1. Selection Choosing the variety or code to be developed. developed 2. Codification Standardising its structural or linguistic features. This kind of linguistic processing is known as corpus planning.

    3. Elaboration Extending its function for use in new domains. This involves developing the necessary linguistic resources for handling new concepts and contexts. 4 Securing its acceptance 4. The status of the new variety is important, and so peoples people s attitudes to the variety being developed must be considered. Steps may be needed to prestige g and to encourage g p people p to enhance its p develop pride in the language or loyalty towards it. This is known as status planning or prestige planning l i .

    Language planning is defined most simply as deliberate change. This covers a wide variety of activities including g the introduction of new labels for fruit, the reform of spelling system, and the provision of advice on non-sexist terminology i l such h as Ms M and d chairperson. h i Language planners generally focus on specific language problems. Their role is to develop a policy of language use which will solve the problems appropriately in particular speech communities

    Developing a Standard Variety


    Language planning is handled by committees, commissions or academies. The focus of much language planning activity has altered from the promotion of national and official l languages i countries in t i trying t i to t establish t bli h their th i autonomy, t t to include concern for minority and endangered languages. Li Linguists i are often f i l d as advisors involved d i i developing in d l i national and official languages. In addition to corpus planning and status or prestige planning, planning sociolinguists may also make a contribution to organize efforts to spread a g g by y increasing g the number of its users. In China, language newspapers and radio contributed to promote knowledge of Mandarin.

    Cases:
    - Indonesia: The government developed and standardized a variety of Malay which was widely used in Indonesia as a trade language to be the national and official language. The government did not select Javanese, the language of the political and social elite. - Norway: In 1814, Norway became independent after f being b i g ruled l d by D Denmark k for f four f centuries. Danish as the H languages and Norwegian as official national language. language

    The Functions of N i National l L Language


    A successful national language needs to serve a variety of functions: 1. Unifying It must unify the nation and offer advantages to speakers over their dialects and vernaculars. 2. Separatist It must set the nation off from surrounding nations. It should be an appropriate pp p symbol y of separate p national identity.

    3. Prestige It should h ld be b recognised i d as a proper or real l language with higher status than local dialects and vernacular languages. languages 4. Frameofreference function It must serve as a yardstick for correctness. Other varieties will be regarded as nonstandard in some respect.

    THANK YOU

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