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Ocean and Sea Life

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The deepest point in the ocean is in the Marianas Trench in the Pacific Ocean at approximately 10,911 meters. The largest island, excluding Australia, is Greenland with an area of about 2,175,600 square kilometers. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean, covering around 166 million square kilometers, while the Arctic Ocean is the smallest at around 9.5 million square kilometers.

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Ocean and Sea Life

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Svedenborg
36 views3 pages
The deepest point in the ocean is in the Marianas Trench in the Pacific Ocean at approximately 10,911 meters. The largest island, excluding Australia, is Greenland with an area of about 2,175,600 square kilometers. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean, covering around 166 million square kilometers, while the Arctic Ocean is the smallest at around 9.5 million square kilometers.

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The deepest point in the ocean is in the Marianas Trench in the Pacific Ocean at approximately 10,911 meters. The largest island, excluding Australia, is Greenland with an area of about 2,175,600 square kilometers. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean, covering around 166 million square kilometers, while the Arctic Ocean is the smallest at around 9.5 million square kilometers.

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36 views3 pages

Ocean and Sea Life

Uploaded by

Svedenborg
The deepest point in the ocean is in the Marianas Trench in the Pacific Ocean at approximately 10,911 meters. The largest island, excluding Australia, is Greenland with an area of about 2,175,600 square kilometers. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean, covering around 166 million square kilometers, while the Arctic Ocean is the smallest at around 9.5 million square kilometers.

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OCEAN&SEAFACTS

DeepestPointInTheOcean Thedeepestpartoftheoceanwasfirstpinpointedin1951byHMSurveyShipChallengerintheMarianasTrenchinthePacificOcean.OnJanuary23,1960,the USNavyTriestevesseldescendedtothebottomofthePacificOcean,andonMarch24,1995,theJapaneseprobeKaikorecordedadepthof10,911m(35,797 ft),themostaccuratemeasurementyettaken.Ourhighestmountain,MountEverestinNepal,atalittleover29,000feetwouldbecompletelyswallowedbythe oceanatthatpoint. LargestIsland DiscountingAustralia,whichhasanareaof7,682,300sqkm.(2,966,200sqmiles)butisusuallyregardedasacontinentallandmass,thelargestislandinthe worldisGreenland,withanareaofabout2,175,600sqkm(840,000sqmiles). LargestOcean Excludingadjacentseas,thePacificOceanrepresents45.9%oftheworld'soceansandcovers166,241,700km(64,186,000miles)inarea.Theaveragedepthis 3,940m(12,925ft).Theoceanwasfirstgivenitsname,whichmeans"peaceful"in1520bythePortuguesenavigatorFerdinandMagellan.Acrossitsgreatest lengthitmeasures17,700km(10,998miles).TheAtlanticOceanisthesecondlargestoceanandcoversaround80millionsqkm.ItwasnamedaftertheAtlas MountainsinNorthAfrica. SmallestOcean TheArcticOcean,withanareaof9,485,000sqkm(3,662,000sqmiles),isthesmallestocean.Ithasamaximumdepthof5,450m(17,880ft).TheArcticOceanis notcompletelyenclosedbyland,however,andsoissometimesreferedtoasanarmoftheAtlantic.ItisalsoconnectedtothewatersofthePacificOceanbythe BeringStrait. ThickestIce Thegreatestrecordedthicknessoficeis4.78km.(2.97miles),measuredbyradioechosoundingsfromaUSAntarcticresearchaircraft.Antarcticais97.6% coveredinsnowandice.Thehugecontinenthasnoindigenousinhabitants.

HighestWaterspout ThehighestwaterspoutrecordedwasonMay16,1898,offthecoastofEden,NewSouthWales,Australia.Atheodolitereadingfromtheshoregaveitsheightas 1,528m.(5,014ft.). WhatareTheSevenSeas? Aphraseoftenusedtoemphasiseextensivetravelwithitsoriginsintheearlyhistoryofglobalseavoyages.Someancientcivilizationsusedthephraseto describethesevenlargebodiesofwaterthatwereknowntothematthetime.HistoriansgenerallythinkthattheseweretheIndianOcean,BlackSea,Caspian Sea,AdriaticSea,PersianGulf,MediterraneanSea,andtheRedSea.Themodernworldrecognisesmorethan50seasworldwide. TheSaltiest&WarmestSea. TheRedSeahas41partssaltper1,000partsofwater.TheRedSeaisalsothewarmestseawheretemperaturesregularlyrangefrom68degreesto87.8degrees Fahrenheit. WhyistheSeaSalty? Overbillionsofyearsfreshwaterflowingacrossthelandhasdissolvedsaltoutoftherocksandhascarriedthesemineraldepositsouttosea.Thesaltremainsin theseaaswaterdoesntflowoutoftheoceanbasins,andwaterevaporatingfromtheseatoformrainleavestheheaviermineralsbehind.Seawateralsopicks upsaltfromtheoceaniccrust. UnderseaRiches Therearemassivemineralreservesontheoceansfloors.Theserangefromsandandgravel,tomanganese,nickel,copper,cobalt.Surveyshavefoundthat therearehigherconcentrationsofdiamondsintheoceansthanonland,withdepositsofftheSkeletonCoastofNamibiabeingparticularlyplentiful.Thereare alsohugeuntappedreservesofmethanethatcouldbeusedasfuel. HomeisWheretheSeaIs 99%ofthelivingspaceontheplanetisintheoceansandseas.Only3%ofourwaterisfreshwater. LargestAnimal TheBlueWhale(Balaenoptearmusculus)isthelargestknownanimalevertohavelived,inseaoronland.Thisspeciesofwhalecanreach33.5m(110ft)in lengthandweigh200tons,equivalentto50fullygrownelephants.Thebluewhale'sbloodvesselsaresobroadthatafullgrowntroutcouldswimthroughthem, andaresuppliedbyaheartthesizeofasmallcar.

Largest&FastestFish BluefinTuna(Thunnusthynnus),areamongthelargestandfastestmarinefish.Anadultcanweighasmuchas680kg(1,500lbs)andswimupto55milesper hour.PrizedassushiinJapan,Bluefinsarealsoamongthemostvaluablefishwithindividualfishhavingcarriedapricetagofasmuchas$20,000atU.S.docks. OldestLife Ithasbeenestimatedthatlifebeganintheoceans3.4billionyearsago,farlongerthanthemere400millionyearsthefirstlanddwellersevolved. DeepestConcentrationofLife Arecentstudyofadeepseacommunityfound898speciesacrossmorethan100differentspeciefamiliesinanareahalfthesizeofatenniscourt.Incredibly overhalfofthesewerenewtoscience.Atgreatdepthsfrom3,700m(12,139ft)theabyssbegins,apointwheresunlightcannolongerpenetrateandonlysea creaturesthathaveevolvedtohandletotaldarkness,extremepressureandoftenlevelsofmineralsthatwouldbetotallylethaltoanimalsonland.Theyare keptalivebyaprocesscalledchemosynthesiswhichenablesthemtoconvertenergyfromchemicalreaction. DeepestDiveByAMammal ThedeepestdivebyamammalwasmadebyaBullSpermWhale(Physetermacrocephalus)offthecoastofDominica,intheCaribbean,in1991.Scientistsfrom theWoodsHoleOceanographicInstituterecordedthedivetoadepthof2,000m(6,500ft).Thedivelastedonehour13minutes.Thegreatestdepthreachedby apenguinwasrecordedin1993intheRossSeawhereanEmperorpenguinhaddivedto534m(1,751ft) LargestCreatureNeverObservedInOwnHabitat TheArchiteuthisduxisoftenknownastheGiantSquid.Becausescientistsdonotknowexactlywhereintheseaitlives,theyhaveneverbeenabletostudyit. Specimenshavemeasuredupto18m(59ft)inlengthand900kg(1,980lb)inweight. ShortFacts
Sharkshavetokeepswimmingtostayalive,evenwhentheyreasleep. KillerWhalesareinactualfactnotbiologicallyclassifiedaswhales.Theyfallwithinthedolphinfamily. Dolphinsneedtocomeupforairabouteverytwominutes. WhalesandDolphinsareclassifiedasmammals,butsharksarefish.

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