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XPath, XQuery, and XSLT Function Reference

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XPath, XQuery, and XSLT Functions

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The following reference library defines the functions required for XPath 2.0, XQuery 1.0 and XSLT 2.0.

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Functions Reference
Accessor Error and Trace Numeric String AnyURI Boolean Duration/Date/Time QName Node Sequence Context

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XPath Reference
XPath Functions

The default prefix for the function namespace is fn: The URI of the function namespace is: http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions STATISTICS
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Accessor Functions
Name fn:node-name(node) fn:nilled(node) Description Returns the node-name of the argument node Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the argument node is nilled Takes a sequence of items and returns a sequence of atomic values Returns the value of the base-uri property of the current or specified node Returns the value of the document-uri property for the specified node

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fn:data(item.item,...)

fn:base-uri() fn:base-uri(node) fn:document-uri(node)

Error and Trace Functions

Name fn:error() fn:error(error) fn:error(error,description ) fn:error(error,description,error-object) Description Example: error(fn:QName('http://example.com/test', 'err:toohigh'), 'Error: Price is too high') Result: Returns http://example.com/test#toohigh and the string "Error: Price is too high" to the external processing environment Used to debug queries

fn:trace(value,label)

Functions on Numeric Values

Name fn:number(arg) Description Returns the numeric value of the argument. The argument could be a boolean, string, or node-set Example: number('100') Result: 100 fn:abs(num) Returns the absolute value of the argument Example: abs(3.14) Result: 3.14 Example: abs(-3.14) Result: 3.14 fn:ceiling(num) Returns the smallest integer that is greater than the number argument Example: ceiling(3.14) Result: 4 fn:floor(num) Returns the largest integer that is not greater than the

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fn:floor(num)

XPath, XQuery, and XSLT Function Reference

Returns the largest integer that is not greater than the number argument Example: floor(3.14) Result: 3 fn:round(num) Rounds the number argument to the nearest integer Example: round(3.14) Result: 3 fn:round-half-to-even() Example: round-half-to-even(0.5) Result: 0 Example: round-half-to-even(1.5) Result: 2 Example: round-half-to-even(2.5) Result: 2

Functions on Strings
Name fn:string(arg) Description Returns the string value of the argument. The argument could be a number, boolean, or node-set Example: string(314) Result: "314" fn:codepoints-to-string(int,int,...) Returns a string from a sequence of code points Example: codepoints-to-string(84, 104, 233, 114, 232, 115, 101) Result: 'Thrse' fn:string-to-codepoints(string) Returns a sequence of code points from a string Example: string-to-codepoints("Thrse") Result: 84, 104, 233, 114, 232, 115, 101 fn:codepoint-equal(comp1,comp2 ) Returns true if the value of comp1 is equal to the value of comp2, according to the Unicode code point collation (http://www.w3.org/2005/02/xpathfunctions/collation/codepoint), otherwise it returns false Returns -1 if comp1 is less than comp2, 0 if comp1 is equal to comp2, or 1 if comp1 is greater than comp2 (according to the rules of the collation that is used) Example: compare('ghi', 'ghi') Result: 0 fn:concat(string,string,...) Returns the concatenation of the strings Example: concat('XPath ','is ','FUN!') Result: 'XPath is FUN!' fn:string-join((string,string,...),sep) Returns a string created by concatenating the string arguments and using the sep argument as the separator Example: string-join(('We', 'are', 'having', 'fun!'), ' ') Result: ' We are having fun! ' Example: string-join(('We', 'are', 'having', 'fun!')) Result: 'Wearehavingfun!' Example:string-join((), 'sep') Result: '' fn:substring(string,start,len ) fn:substring(string,start) Returns the substring from the start position to the specified length. Index of the first character is 1. If length is omitted it returns the substring from the start position to the end Example: substring('Beatles',1,4) Result: 'Beat' Example: substring('Beatles',2) Result: 'eatles'

fn:compare(comp1,comp2 ) fn:compare(comp1,comp2,collation )

fn:string-length(string) fn:string-length()

Returns the length of the specified string. If there is no string argument it returns the length of the string value of the current node Example: string-length('Beatles') Result: 7

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fn:normalize-space(string) fn:normalize-space()

XPath, XQuery, and XSLT Function Reference

Removes leading and trailing spaces from the specified string, and replaces all internal sequences of white space with one and returns the result. If there is no string argument it does the same on the current node Example: normalize-space(' The Result: 'The XML' fn:normalize-unicode() fn:upper-case(string) Converts the string argument to upper-case Example: upper-case('The XML') Result: 'THE XML' fn:lower-case(string) Converts the string argument to lower-case Example: lower-case('The XML') Result: 'the xml' fn:translate(string1,string2,string3 ) Converts string1 by replacing the characters in string2 with the characters in string3 Example: translate('12:30','30','45') Result: '12:45' Example: translate('12:30','03','54') Result: '12:45' Example: translate('12:30','0123','abcd') Result: 'bc:da' fn:escape-uri(stringURI,esc-res ) Example: escape-uri("http://example.com/test#car", true()) Result: "http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Ftest#car" Example: escape-uri("http://example.com/test#car", false()) Result: "http://example.com/test#car" Example: escape-uri ("http://example.com/~bb", false()) Result: "http://example.com/~b%C3%A9b%C3%A9" fn:contains(string1,string2 ) Returns true if string1 contains string2, otherwise it returns false Example: contains('XML','XM') Result: true fn:starts-with(string1,string2 ) Returns true if string1 starts with string2, otherwise it returns false Example: starts-with('XML','X') Result: true fn:ends-with(string1,string2 ) Returns true if string1 ends with string2, otherwise it returns false Example: ends-with('XML','X') Result: false fn:substring-before(string1,string2 ) Returns the start of string1 before string2 occurs in it Example: substring-before('12/10','/') Result: '12' fn:substring-after(string1,string2 ) Returns the remainder of string1 after string2 occurs in it Example: substring-after('12/10','/') Result: '10' fn:matches(string,pattern ) Returns true if the string argument matches the pattern, otherwise, it returns false Example: matches("Merano", "ran") Result: true fn:replace(string,pattern,replace) Returns a string that is created by replacing the given pattern with the replace argument Example: replace("Bella Italia", "l", "*") Result: 'Be**a Ita*ia' Example: replace("Bella Italia", "l", "") Result: 'Bea Itaia' fn:tokenize(string,pattern ) Example: tokenize("XPath is fun", "\s+") Result: ("XPath", "is", "fun") XML ')

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Functions for anyURI
Name fn:resolve-uri(relative,base)

XPath, XQuery, and XSLT Function Reference

Description

Functions on Boolean Values

Name fn:boolean(arg) fn:not(arg) Description Returns a boolean value for a number, string, or node-set The argument is first reduced to a boolean value by applying the boolean() function. Returns true if the boolean value is false, and false if the boolean value is true Example: not(true()) Result: false fn:true() Returns the boolean value true Example: true() Result: true fn:false() Returns the boolean value false Example: false() Result: false

Functions on Durations, Dates and Times

Component Extraction Functions on Durations, Dates and Times Name fn:dateTime(date,time) fn:years-from-duration(datetimedur) Description Converts the arguments to a date and a time Returns an integer that represents the years component in the canonical lexical representation of the value of the argument Returns an integer that represents the months component in the canonical lexical representation of the value of the argument Returns an integer that represents the days component in the canonical lexical representation of the value of the argument Returns an integer that represents the hours component in the canonical lexical representation of the value of the argument Returns an integer that represents the minutes component in the canonical lexical representation of the value of the argument Returns a decimal that represents the seconds component in the canonical lexical representation of the value of the argument Returns an integer that represents the year component in the localized value of the argument Example: year-from-dateTime(xs:dateTime("2005-0110T12:30-04:10")) Result: 2005 fn:month-from-dateTime(datetime) Returns an integer that represents the month component in the localized value of the argument Example: month-from-dateTime(xs:dateTime("2005-0110T12:30-04:10")) Result: 01 fn:day-from-dateTime(datetime) Returns an integer that represents the day component in the localized value of the argument Example: day-from-dateTime(xs:dateTime("2005-0110T12:30-04:10")) Result: 10 fn:hours-from-dateTime(datetime) Returns an integer that represents the hours component in the localized value of the argument Example: hours-from-dateTime(xs:dateTime("2005-0110T12:30-04:10")) Result: 12

fn:months-from-duration(datetimedur)

fn:days-from-duration(datetimedur)

fn:hours-from-duration(datetimedur)

fn:minutes-from-duration(datetimedur)

fn:seconds-from-duration(datetimedur)

fn:year-from-dateTime(datetime)

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fn:minutes-from-dateTime(datetime)

XPath, XQuery, and XSLT Function Reference

Returns an integer that represents the minutes component in the localized value of the argument Example: minutes-from-dateTime(xs:dateTime("2005-0110T12:30-04:10")) Result: 30 fn:seconds-from-dateTime(datetime) Returns a decimal that represents the seconds component in the localized value of the argument Example: seconds-from-dateTime(xs:dateTime("2005-0110T12:30:00-04:10")) Result: 0 fn:timezone-from-dateTime(datetime) fn:year-from-date(date) Returns the time zone component of the argument if any Returns an integer that represents the year in the localized value of the argument Example: year-from-date(xs:date("2005-04-23")) Result: 2005 fn:month-from-date(date) Returns an integer that represents the month in the localized value of the argument Example: month-from-date(xs:date("2005-04-23")) Result: 4 fn:day-from-date(date) Returns an integer that represents the day in the localized value of the argument Example: day-from-date(xs:date("2005-04-23")) Result: 23 fn:timezone-from-date(date) fn:hours-from-time(time) Returns the time zone component of the argument if any Returns an integer that represents the hours component in the localized value of the argument Example: hours-from-time(xs:time("10:22:00")) Result: 10 fn:minutes-from-time(time) Returns an integer that represents the minutes component in the localized value of the argument Example: minutes-from-time(xs:time("10:22:00")) Result: 22 fn:seconds-from-time(time) Returns an integer that represents the seconds component in the localized value of the argument Example: seconds-from-time(xs:time("10:22:00")) Result: 0 fn:timezone-from-time(time) fn:adjust-dateTime-totimezone(datetime,timezone) Returns the time zone component of the argument if any If the timezone argument is empty, it returns a dateTime without a timezone. Otherwise, it returns a dateTime with a timezone If the timezone argument is empty, it returns a date without a timezone. Otherwise, it returns a date with a timezone If the timezone argument is empty, it returns a time without a timezone. Otherwise, it returns a time with a timezone

fn:adjust-date-to-timezone(date,timezone)

fn:adjust-time-to-timezone(time,timezone)

Functions Related to QNames

Name fn:QName() fn:local-name-from-QName() fn:namespace-uri-from-QName() fn:namespace-uri-for-prefix() fn:in-scope-prefixes() fn:resolve-QName() Description

Functions on Nodes
Name fn:name() Description Returns the name of the current node or the first node in the

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fn:name(nodeset) fn:local-name() fn:local-name(nodeset) fn:namespace-uri() fn:namespace-uri(nodeset) fn:lang(lang)

XPath, XQuery, and XSLT Function Reference

specified node set Returns the name of the current node or the first node in the specified node set - without the namespace prefix Returns the namespace URI of the current node or the first node in the specified node set Returns true if the language of the current node matches the language of the specified language Example: Lang("en") is true for <p xml:lang="en">...</p> Example: Lang("de") is false for <p xml:lang="en">...</p> fn:root() fn:root(node) Returns the root of the tree to which the current node or the specified belongs. This will usually be a document node

Functions on Sequences
General Functions on Sequences Name fn:index-of((item,item,...),searchitem) Description Returns the positions within the sequence of items that are equal to the searchitem argument Example: index-of ((15, 40, 25, 40, 10), 40) Result: (2, 4) Example: index-of (("a", "dog", "and", "a", "duck"), "a") Result (1, 4) Example: index-of ((15, 40, 25, 40, 10), 18) Result: () fn:remove((item,item,...),position ) Returns a new sequence constructed from the value of the item arguments - with the item specified by the position argument removed Example: remove(("ab", "cd", "ef"), 0) Result: ("ab", "cd", "ef") Example: remove(("ab", "cd", "ef"), 1) Result: ("cd", "ef") Example: remove(("ab", "cd", "ef"), 4) Result: ("ab", "cd", "ef") fn:empty(item,item,...) Returns true if the value of the arguments IS an empty sequence, otherwise it returns false Example: empty(remove(("ab", "cd"), 1)) Result: false fn:exists(item,item,...) Returns true if the value of the arguments IS NOT an empty sequence, otherwise it returns false Example: exists(remove(("ab"), 1)) Result: false

fn:distinct-values((item,item,...),collation )

Returns only distinct (different) values Example: distinct-values((1, 2, 3, 1, 2)) Result: (1, 2, 3)

fn:insert-before((item,item,...),pos,inserts )

Returns a new sequence constructed from the value of the item arguments - with the value of the inserts argument inserted in the position specified by the pos argument Example: insert-before(("ab", "cd"), 0, "gh") Result: ("gh", "ab", "cd") Example: insert-before(("ab", "cd"), 1, "gh") Result: ("gh", "ab", "cd") Example: insert-before(("ab", "cd"), 2, "gh") Result: ("ab", "gh", "cd") Example: insert-before(("ab", "cd"), 5, "gh") Result: ("ab", "cd", "gh")

fn:reverse((item,item,...))

Returns the reversed order of the items specified Example: reverse(("ab", "cd", "ef")) Result: ("ef", "cd", "ab") Example: reverse(("ab"))

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XPath, XQuery, and XSLT Function Reference

Result: ("ab") fn:subsequence((item,item,...),start,len ) Returns a sequence of items from the position specified by the start argument and continuing for the number of items specified by the len argument. The first item is located at position 1 Example: subsequence(($item1, $item2, $item3,...), 3) Result: ($item3, ...) Example: subsequence(($item1, $item2, $item3, ...), 2, 2) Result: ($item2, $item3) fn:unordered((item,item,...)) Functions That Test the Cardinality of Sequences Name fn:zero-or-one(item,item,...) Description Returns the argument if it contains zero or one items, otherwise it raises an error Returns the argument if it contains one or more items, otherwise it raises an error Returns the argument if it contains exactly one item, otherwise it raises an error Returns the items in an implementation dependent order

fn:one-or-more(item,item,...)

fn:exactly-one(item,item,...)

Equals, Union, Intersection and Except Name fn:deep-equal(param1,param2,collation ) Description Returns true if param1 and param2 are deep-equal to each other, otherwise it returns false

Aggregate Functions Name fn:count((item,item,...)) fn:avg((arg,arg,...)) Description Returns the count of nodes Returns the average of the argument values Example: avg((1,2,3)) Result: 2 fn:max((arg,arg,...)) Returns the argument that is greater than the others Example: max((1,2,3)) Result: 3 Example: max(('a', 'k')) Result: 'k' fn:min((arg,arg,...)) Returns the argument that is less than the others Example: min((1,2,3)) Result: 1 Example: min(('a', 'k')) Result: 'a' fn:sum(arg,arg,...) Returns the sum of the numeric value of each node in the specified node-set

Functions that Generate Sequences Name fn:id((string,string,...),node) Description Returns a sequence of element nodes that have an ID value equal to the value of one or more of the values specified in the string argument Returns a sequence of element or attribute nodes that have an IDREF value equal to the value of one or more of the values specified in the string argument

fn:idref((string,string,...),node)

fn:doc(URI) fn:doc-available(URI) Returns true if the doc() function returns a document node, otherwise it returns false

fn:collection() fn:collection(string)

Context Functions
Name Description

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fn:position()

XPath, XQuery, and XSLT Function Reference

Returns the index position of the node that is currently being processed Example: //book[position()<=3] Result: Selects the first three book elements fn:last() Returns the number of items in the processed node list Example: //book[last()] Result: Selects the last book element fn:current-dateTime() fn:current-date() fn:current-time() fn:implicit-timezone() fn:default-collation() fn:static-base-uri() Returns the current dateTime (with timezone) Returns the current date (with timezone) Returns the current time (with timezone) Returns the value of the implicit timezone Returns the value of the default collation Returns the value of the base-uri

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XPath, XQuery, and XSLT Function Reference

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