HKCEE Paper I running answer text 2000 Biology

1.

(a)(i) (a)(ii)

(a)(iii) (a)(iv) (a)(v)

The cells of A and the cells of the foetus are formed by mitosis of the zygote (1) female (2) A sperm carrying an X chromosome fused with an egg, which always contains an X chromosome to form a zygote with two X chromosomes, thus resulting in a female foetus. There are 3 chromosomes 21. The foetus may be expelled out of the uterus. Blood from A to the foetus has higher oxygen content and higher nutrient content, but lower carbon dioxide and urea content. Tissue A is *palisade mesophyll Tissue B is *spongy mesophyll Number of chloroplasts in region 1 is 20; while that in region 2 is 12. Ratio of chloroplast density in region 1 to that in region 2 is 5:3. This allows the leaf to carry out photosynthesis at a higher rate since tissue A has a higher density of chloroplasts and is located in the upper layer of the leaf, so its cells can receive more sunlight than the cells of tissue B. First put the stem of a leafy shoot in a dye solution for some time. Then cut cross sections of the stem and the leaf. Examine the sections under the microscope. If cell type C is responsible for the transport of water from the stem to the leaf, it would be stained by the dye. Oxygen in the tidal air first diffuses through the residual air and dissolves in the water film lining the air sac. Then it diffuses across the walls of the air sac and the capillary into the blood. (1) The volume of tidal air will increase (2) The oxygen uptake in the blood becomes faster because the distance of diffusion of oxygen from the tidal air to the water film is reduced. Or because the surface area of the air sac for diffusion of oxygen is increased. Particles deposit on the wall of the air sac thus reduces the rate of diffusion of oxygen.

1.

(b)(i) (b)(ii) (b)(iii)

(b)(iv)

1.

(c)(i)

(c)(ii)

(c)(iii)

2000-CE-BIO I-1

HKCEE Paper I running answer text 2000 Biology

2.

(a)(i)

(a)(ii) (a)(iii) (a)(iv)

The daily energy intake of Jane is 6620 kJ which is less than her daily energy requirement. Thus she has to consume the food reserve in her body, leading to a loss in her body weight. Amino acids are broken down in the liver to form carbohydrate. This will be used in respiration to release energy. anaemia Rub a piece of ham on a filter paper. If it contains fat, a translucent spot will remain after drying. Immerse the paper in an organic solvent and the spot will disappear. OR Add alcohol to a piece of ham and obtain a clear solution. Add water to the clear solution. The solution will turn milky if fat is present. From 1 to 5 units of light intensity, the size of the pupil decreases with increasing light intensity. However, when the light intensity is above 5 units, the size of the pupil will remain unchanged with increasing light intensity. This response helps to prevent excessive light from entering the eye, so that the light-sensitive cells of the retina would not be damaged. light-sensitive cells / photoreceptors sensory neurone / optic nerve association neurone in brain motor neurone / nerve iris muscle (Arrow signs should be included) Because all the light entering the eye is absorbed by the retina and the choroids, as a result no light is reflected out of the eye through the pupil.

2.

(b)(i)

(b)(ii) (b)(iii)

(b)(iv)

2000-CE-BIO I-2

HKCEE Paper I running answer text 2000 Biology

2.

(c)(i)

(c)(ii)

(c)(iii)

Advantage: The chance of pollination / fertilization is higher ) Less wastage of pollen grains ) any one Desirable characters of the parent are more likely to be transmitted) to the offspring ) Disadvantage: Less genetic variation (accept other correct answers) First remove the anthers from the flower before they are mature. Then use a brush to dust pollen grains of another pea flower onto the stigma of this flower. Finally cover the flower with a plastic bag to prevent further pollination. (1) Green pod colour is dominant to yellow pod colour or The allele for green pod colour is dominant to the allele for yellow pod colour (2) Let G represent the allele for green pods and g represent the allele for yellow pods F1 Gamete G Gg X Gg

F2

GG

Gg

Gg

gg

green pod yellow pod (The labels of F1, gamete and F2 should be included)

2000-CE-BIO I-3

HKCEE Paper I running answer text 2000 Biology

3.

(a)(i)

(a)(ii)

(a)(iii)

Blood capillary Its wall is one-cell thick / the diameter of the lumen is slightly greater than or similar to that of a red blood cell The pressure of blood in A is higher than the pressure of the fluid surrounding the muscle cells. This pressure difference forces the plasma except plasma proteins out of A. Drawing (D): clear and accurate diagram, double line for capillary wall, biconcave RBC Labels (L) : any three of the following labels and title

(1) (2)

A section along line BC (a)(iv) (small intestine) hepatic portal vein liver hepatic vein vena cava heart pulmonary artery (lung) (Arrow signs should be included) Diabetes is caused by the absence of certain substance(s) which can be found in the pancreas. To determine whether the substance in the pancreas extract effective in treating diabetes is a protein or a fat. Symptoms of diabetes would remain. This is because protease in the alimentary canal will digest the active substance which is protein in nature. In the diabetic person, the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin. Thus the liver cannot convert excess glucose in the blood into glycogen. Consequently, his blood glucose concentration remains high, leading to a high level of glucose in the glomerular filtrate. The kidney tubules cannot reabsorb all the glucose from the filtrate, thus glucose is excreted in the urine.

3.

(b)(i) (b)(ii) (b)(iii)

(b)(iv)

2000-CE-BIO I-4

HKCEE Paper I running answer text 2000 Biology

3.

(c)(i)

(c)(ii) (c)(iii)

The water potential of the cell sap of cell A is greater than that of the sucrose solution. Hence water moves out of the cell by osmosis. As a result, the vacuole shrinks in size and so pulls the cytoplasm away from the cell wall. The water potential of the cell sap of cell B may be the same or lower than that of the surrounding solution. (1) Adjust the position of the slide until cell A is at the centre of the field of vision. (2) Adjust the diaphragm / condenser to increase the illumination of the slide. Turn the adjustment knob until the cell is in focus.

2000-CE-BIO I-5

HKCEE Paper I running answer text 2000 Biology

4.

(a)(i) (a)(ii) (a)(iii)

(a)(iv) (a)(v)

The amylase converts starch into maltose To ensure that sufficient amount of maltose is produced When the temperature increases from 0-70oC, the amylase activity increases. When the temperature increases from 70-90oC, the amylase activity decreases. The optimum temperature for the activity of barley amylase is 70oC. Keep the mixture at very low temperature (below 10oC). The amylase is inactive but not denatured at such temperature. Incubate the mixture at a given temperature for a fixed period of time and then perform the Benedicts test. Measure the amount of red precipitate formed. High concentration of suspended solids reduces the light intensity in water. Thus the rate of photosynthesis of the producers decreases and this leads to a drop in the population of the producers. (2) Site D (1) The greater the amount of organic pollutants in water, the higher the bacterial population, because the organic pollutants provide food for the growth of bacteria. (2) Site C (3) Slow water current in the harbour ) There is sewage outfall at this site ) any one Large human population ) To protect endangered species (Accept other correct answers) When performing heavy exercise, rate of sweat production was faster. This was because large amount of heat was generated by the body during exercise. The body temperature started to increase and this stimulated the increase in sweat production. When the person is performing exercise, a large amount of water in the body was lost in the form of sweat, leading to a lowering of the water potential of the blood. Thus a greater proportion of water was reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate, and hence less urine was produced. (1) The lining of the air sacs or respiratory tract is covered with a water film. Water in the water film evaporates into the air of the air sac and is lost during exhalation. (2) This is because the rate and depth of breathing was increased, so greater amount of air was exhaled from the lungs per unit time, leading to an increased rate of water loss through exhalation. (1)

4.

(b)(i)

(b)(ii)

(b)(iii)

4.

(c)(i)

(c)(ii)

(c)(iii)

2000-CE-BIO I-6