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Pipe Sizing Charts Tables.12890822

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Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

S-40 Steel

Pipe Sizing Criteria Schedule 40 Steel


Design: 3'/100' PD , 10 fps max vel
Nominl Outside Wall

Inside

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

High: 5'/100' PD , 12 fps max vel Maxim: 7'/100' PD , 15 fps max vel
Design

High

Maxim

Pipe Diameter
Thickness
DiameterP.D. perVelocity Flow P.D. perVelocity Flow P.D. perVelocity Flow
Size

(in)

(in)

(in)

100 ft (ft/sec) (gpm)

100 ft (ft/sec) (gpm)

100 ft (ft/sec) (gpm)

0.38

0.675

0.091

0.493

3.0

0.9

0.5

5.0

1.7

7.0

2.5

1.5

0.50

0.840

0.109

0.622

3.0

1.6

1.5

5.0

2.1

7.0

2.6

2.5

0.75

1.050

0.113

0.824

3.0

2.1

3.5

5.0

2.7

4.5

7.0

3.3

5.5

1.00

1.315

0.133

1.049

3.0

2.4

6.5

5.0

3.2

8.5

7.0

3.7

10

1.25

1.660

0.140

1.380

3.0

2.6

12

5.0

3.7

17

7.0

4.5

21

1.50

1.900

0.145

1.610

3.0

3.2

20

5.0

4.3

27

7.0

5.1

32

2.00

2.375

0.154

2.067

3.0

3.8

40

5.0

4.8

50

7.0

5.7

60

2.50

2.875

0.203

2.469

3.0

4.3

65

5.0

5.7

85

7.0

6.5

97

3.00

3.500

0.216

3.068

3.0

4.8

110

5.0

6.3

145

7.0

7.6

175

3.50

4.000

0.226

3.548

3.0

5.3

160

5.0

7.0

200

7.0

8.5

250

4.00

4.500

0.237

4.026

3.0

5.8

230

5.0

7.6

300

7.0

8.8

350

5.00

5.563

0.258

5.047

3.0

6.4

400

5.0

8.3

520

7.0

10.3

640

6.00

6.625

0.280

6.065

3.0

7.7

690

5.0

10.0

900

7.0

12.2

1,100

8.00

8.625

0.322

7.891

3.0

9.0

1,400

5.0

12.0

1,900

7.0

14.1

2,200

10.00

10.75

0.365

10.02

2.7

10.0

2,500

3.8

12.0

3,000

5.8

15.0

3,700

12.00

12.75

0.406

11.94

2.1

10.0

3,500

3.0

12.0

4,200

4.6

15.0

5,200

14.00

14.00

0.437

13.13

1.9

10.0

4,200

2.7

12.0

5,100

4.1

15.0

6,300

16.00

16.00

0.500

15.00

1.7

10.0

5,500

2.3

12.0

6,600

3.6

15.0

8,300

18.00

18.00

0.562

16.88

1.5

10.0

7,000

2.0

12.0

8,400

3.0

15.0

10500

20.00

20.00

0.593

18.81

1.3

10.0

8,900

1.8

12.0

10400

2.6

15.0

13000

22.00

22.00

1.250

20.75

1.1

10.0

10500

1.6

12.0

12600

2.4

15.0

15700

24.00

24.00

1.360

22.64

1.0

10.0

12500

1.4

12.0

15000

2.2

15.0

18700

26.00

26.00

0.750

25.25

0.9

10.0

15500

1.3

12.0

18600

2.1

15.0

23300

28.00

28.00

0.750

27.25

0.8

10.0

18100

1.2

12.0

21700

2.0

15.0

27100

30.00

30.00

0.750

29.25

0.7

10.0

20800

1.1

12.0

25000

1.9

15.0

31300

32.00

32.00

0.750

31.25

0.6

10.0

23800

1.0

12.0

28500

1.8

15.0

35700

34.00

34.00

0.750

33.25

0.5

10.0

26900

0.9

12.0

32300

1.7

15.0

40400

36.00

36.00

0.750

35.25

0.4

10.0

30300

0.8

12.0

36300

1.6

15.0

45400

Schedule 40 Steel

S40-Crit

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

CLOSED SYSTEMS

Design Criteria:

3 Frictional Pressure Drop per 100 Pipe Length with a Maximum Velocity of 10 ft/sec

Figure - 1

Friction Loss for CLOSED Piping Systems: Schedule 40 Steel

Schedule 40 Steel

S40-Crit

Source: Carrier Systems Design

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

OPEN SYSTEMS

Design Criteria:

3 Frictional Pressure Drop per 100 Pipe Length with a Maximum Velocity of 10 ft/sec

Figure - 2

Friction Loss for OPEN Piping Systems: Schedule 40 Steel

Schedule 40 Steel

S40-Crit

Source: Carrier Systems Design

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

COPPER
Nominal
Pipe Size
(ins)
0.25
0.38
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00

Copper , Plastic

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Physical Dimensions and Sizing Criteria (ASPE Data Book)


Type K Copper
Type L Copper
Type M Copper
Pipe Sizing Criteria
Diameter (ins)
Diameter (ins)
Diameter (ins) Velocity Loss in
Flow
Outside Inside Outside Inside Outside Inside Ft/sec PD/100 GPM
0.375
0.305
0.375
0.315
0.5
0.402
0.5
0.43
0.5
0.45
1.0
3
0.5
0.625
0.527
0.625
0.545
0.625
0.569
1.5
3
1
0.875
0.745
0.875
0.785
0.875
0.811
2.0
3
3
1.125
0.995
1.125
1.025
1.125
1.055
2.5
3
7
1.375
1.245
1.375
1.265
1.375
1.291
3.0
3
12
1.625
1.481
1.625
1.505
1.625
1.527
3.5
3
17
2.125
1.959
2.125
1.985
2.125
2.009
4.0
3
35
2.625
2.435
2.625
2.465
2.625
2.495
4.5
3
70
3.125
2.907
3.125
2.945
3.125
2.981
5.0
3
110
3.625
3.385
3.625
3.425
3.625
3.459
5.5
3
160
4.125
3.857
4.125
3.905
4.125
3.935
6.0
2.5
225
5.125
4.805
5.125
4.875
5.125
4.907
6.5
2.5
380
6.125
5.741
6.125
5.845
6.125
5.881
7.0
2.2
575
8.125
7.583
8.125
7.725
8.125
7.785
7.5
1.9
1105
10.125 9.449 10.125 9.625 10.125 9.701
8.0
1.5
1835
12.125 11.315 12.125 11.565 12.125 11.617
8.5
1
2800

PLASTIC
Nominal
Pipe Size
(ins)
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

Physical Dimensions and Sizing Criteria

(ASPE Data Book)

Schedule 40 PVC Schedule 40 CPVCPolyethylene (75 psi)


Pipe Sizing Criteria
Diameter (ins)
Diameter (ins)
Diameter (ins) Velocity Loss in
Flow
Outside Inside Outside Inside Outside Inside Ft/sec PD/100 GPM
0.840
0.622
0.840
0.622
0.782
0.622
1.050
0.824
1.050
0.824
0.824
1.000
1.315
1.049
1.315
1.049
1.300
1.050
1.660
1.380
1.660
1.380
1.710
1.380
1.900
1.610
1.990
1.610
2.000
1.610
2.375
2.067
2.375
2.067
2.567
2.067
2.875
2.469
2.875
2.469
3.500
3.068
3.500
3.068
3.670
3.068
4.500

4.026

4.500

4.026

6.625
8.625
10.750
12.750

6.065
7.981
10.020
11.938

6.625

6.065

Cu-PVC

4.820

4.026

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Copper Pipe Sizing Chart

Design Criteria:

3 Frictional Pressure Drop per 100 Pipe Length with a Maximum Velocity of 10 ft/sec

Figure - 3

Friction Loss for Copper Piping Systems: Types K, L, & M

Copper , Plastic

Cu-PVC

Source: Carrier Systems Design

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Pipe Sizing Criteria:

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

Schedule 80 Steel

Schedule 80 Steel

S-80 Steel

Extra Strong Steel


Outside Wall

XS Steel

Outside Wall

Pipe Size Veloc

Diameter Thickness Diameter Flow

Diameter Thickness Diameter Flow

(ins)

(fps)

(ins)

(ins)

(ins)

(gpm)

(ins)

(ins)

(ins)

(gpm)

0.375

1.0

0.675

0.126

0.423

0.5

0.675

0.126

0.423

0.5

0.500

1.5

0.840

0.147

0.546

0.840

0.147

0.546

0.750

2.0

1.050

0.154

0.742

2.5

1.050

0.154

0.742

2.5

1.000

2.5

1.315

0.179

0.957

5.5

1.315

0.179

0.957

5.5

1.250

3.0

1.660

0.191

1.278

12

1.660

0.191

1.278

12

1.500

3.5

1.900

0.200

1.500

20

1.900

0.200

1.500

20

2.000

4.0

2.375

0.218

1.939

35

2.375

0.218

1.939

35

2.500

4.5

2.875

0.276

2.323

60

2.875

0.276

2.323

60

3.000

5.0

3.500

0.300

2.900

100

3.500

0.300

2.900

100

3.500

5.5

4.000

0.318

3.364

150

4.000

0.318

3.364

150

4.000

6.0

4.500

0.337

3.826

215

4.500

0.337

3.826

215

5.000

6.5

5.563

0.375

4.813

365

5.563

0.375

4.813

365

6.000

7.5

6.625

0.432

5.761

600

6.625

0.432

5.761

600

8.000

9.0

8.625

0.500

7.625

1,275

8.625

0.500

7.625

1,275

10.000

10.0

10.750

0.593

9.562

2,230

10.750

1.000

9.750

2,320

12.000

10.0

12.750

0.687

11.374

3,150

12.750

1.000

11.750

3,370

14.000

10.0

14.000

0.750

12.500

3,810

14.000

1.000

13.000

4,120

16.000

10.0

16.000

0.843

14.312

4,995

16.000

1.000

15.000

5,490

18.000

10.0

18.000

0.937

16.124

6,340

18.000

1.000

17.000

7,050

20.000

10.0

20.000

1.031

17.938

7,850

20.000

1.000

19.000

8,800

22.000

10.0

22.000

2.250

19.750

9,510

22.000

1.000

21.000

10,750

24.000

10.0

24.000

2.438

21.562

11,340

24.000

1.000

23.000

12,900

26.000

10.0

26.000

1.000

25.000

15,240

28.000

10.0

28.000

1.000

27.000

17,780

30.000

10.0

30.000

1.000

29.000

20,510

32.000

10.0

32.000

1.000

31.000

23,440

34.000

10.0

34.000

1.000

33.000

26,560

36.000

10.0

36.000

1.000

35.000

29,880

S80-XS

Maxim

S-80 Steel

Nominal Maxim

Sch 80 , XS Steel

Inside

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Inside

Maxim

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

CAST IRON
Nominal
Pipe Size
(ins)
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
30
36
42
48

Physical Data

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Hydraulic Handbook

Colt Industries

125 PSI Cast Iron


Diameter (ins)
Outside Inside
3.96
3.06
5.00
4.04

175 PSI Cast Iron


Diameter (ins)
Outside Inside
3.96
3.00
5.00
3.96

250 PSI Cast Iron


Diameter (ins)
Outside Inside

Pipe Sizing Criteria


Velocity Loss in
Flow
Ft/sec PD/100 GPM
3.1
4.5
100
2.8
5.1
200

7.10
9.30
11.40
13.50
15.65
17.80
19.92
22.06

6.08
8.18
10.16
12.14
14.17
16.20
18.18
20.22

7.10
9.30
11.40
13.50
15.65
17.80
19.92
22.06

6.00
8.10
10.04
12.00
14.01
16.02
18.00
20.00

7.22
9.42
11.60
13.78
15.98
18.16
20.34
22.54

6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00

2.9
2.6
2.7
2.5
1.9
1.7
1.9
1.2

6.8
7.7
9.0
9.7
9.4
9.6
10.0
9.2

600
1,200
2,200
3,400
4,500
6,000
8,000
9,000

26.32
32.40
38.70
45.10
51.40

24.22
30.00
35.98
42.02
47.98

26.32
32.74
39.16
45.58
51.98

24.00
30.00
36.00
42.02
48.06

26.90
33.46
40.04

24.00
30.00
36.00

1.2
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.5

10.0
10.0
9.5
9.3
9.8

14,000
22,000
30,000
40,000
55,000

ALUMINUM , BRASS
Nominal
Pipe Size
(ins)
0.38
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

Handbook for Mechanical Engineers : Baumeister & Marks

Aluminum Schedule 40
Diameter (ins) Thickness
Outside Inside
(ins)
0.675
0.493
0.091
0.840
0.622
0.109
1.050
0.824
0.133
1.315
1.049
0.133
1.660
1.380
0.140
1.900
1.610
0.145
2.375
2.067
0.154
2.875
2.469
0.203
3.500
3.068
0.216
4.000
3.548
0.226
4.500
4.026
0.237
5.563
5.047
0.258
6.625
6.065
0.280
8.625
7.981
0.322
10.750 10.020 0.365
12.750 12.000 0.375

Iron , Aluminum , Brass

Aluminum Schedule 80
Diameter (ins) Thickness
Outside Inside
(ins)
0.675
0.423
0.126
0.840
0.546
0.147
1.050
0.742
0.154
1.315
0.957
0.179
1.660
1.278
0.191
1.900
1.500
0.200
2.375
1.939
0.218
2.875
2.325
0.276
3.500
2.900
0.300
4.000
3.364
0.318
4.500
3.826
0.337
5.563
4.813
0.375
6.625
5.761
0.432
8.625
7.625
0.500
10.750 9.750
0.500
12.750 11.750 0.500

Fe-Al-Br

Brass (85% Cu, 15% Zn)


Diameter (ins) Thickness
Outside Inside
(ins)
0.675
0.494
0.092
0.840
0.625
0.108
1.050
0.822
0.114
1.315
1.062
0.127
1.660
1.368
0.146
1.900
1.600
0.150
2.375
2.062
0.157
2.875
2.500
0.188
3.500
3.062
0.219
4.000
3.500
0.250
4.500
4.000
0.250
5.563
5.062
0.251
6.625
6.125
0.250
8.625
8.000
0.313
10.750 10.019 0.363
12.750 12.000 0.375

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

( f = 0.2083 x (100/C)^1.85 x Q^1.85/D^4.8635 )


PIPE DESIGN BASED ON HAZEN WILLIAMS FORMULA
Source: Cameron Hydraulic Data, 1926-62
Values of C
High (smooth, clean)
Average
Design (old)
Pipe Material
Low (old, corroded)
Copper, Brass, Tin, Lead, Glass
155 to 120
140
130
Cast Iron, Wrought Iron, Steel (seamless)
150 to 80
130
100
C= 155 represents new, clean smooth surfaces C = 80 represents old, corroded, rough surfaces

Sizing Criteria: 3 PD per 100 Pipe Length

Pipe Sizing Criteria for Cast Iron and Steel: Cameron Hydraulic Data,
Old Pipes:
1926-62C =
Pipe
Size
(ins)
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00

Cast Iron
Steel : Sch-40 & Sch-80
Flow Velocity Loss Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100' (gpm) (fps) PD/100'
1
1.1
2.1
2.5
1.5
2.9
5
1.9
3.2
10
2.2
3.1
14
2.2
2.7
28
2.7
2.9
45
3.0
2.9
75
3.5
2.9
80
3.5
3.0
110
3.7
2.8
120
4.0
3.1
160
4.1
2.9
170
4.3
3.2
280
4.6
2.8
300
4.8
3.0
450
5.1
2.8
500
5.6
3.2
1000 6.4
3.0
1000 6.4
3.0
1800 7.4
3.0
1800 7.3
3.0
3000 8.5
3.2
3000 8.5
3.2

Steel : XS
Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100'
1
1.4
4.0
2
1.5
3.2
4
1.8
3.3
8
2.0
3.0
12
2.2
2.9
24
2.6
3.0
40
3.0
3.2
70
3.4
3.0
100
3.6
2.9
140
3.9
2.9
260
4.6
2.9
400
4.9
2.7
900
6.3
3.1
1700 7.3
3.0
2800 8.3
3.1

Pipe Sizing Criteria for Cast Iron and Steel: Cameron Hydraulic Data,
Old Pipes:
1926-62C =
Pipe
Size
(ins)
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00

Cast Iron
Steel : Sch-40 & Sch-80
Flow Velocity Loss Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100' (gpm) (fps) PD/100'
1
1.5
2.9
1
1.4
2.5
3
2.2
4.1
3
2.0
3.2
6
2.5
3.6
6
2.3
3.1
10
2.6
3.1
10
2.5
2.9
15
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
30
3.2
2.6
30
3.1
2.5
60
4.1
3.3
60
4.0
3.1
90
4.3
3.0
90
4.2
2.8
140
5.0
3.2
140
4.9
2.9
190
5.2
3.0
190
5.1
2.8
350
6.2
3.2
350
6.0
3.0
550
6.8
3.1
550
6.6
2.8
1100 7.8
2.8
1200 8.2
3.0

Hazen-Williams Sizing

Haz-Will

Steel : XS
Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100'
1
1.3
2.0
3
1.9
2.7
6
2.2
2.7
10
2.4
2.6
15
2.6
2.4
35
3.5
3.1
60
3.9
2.9
100
4.6
3.2
140
4.8
2.9
200
5.3
2.9
350
5.9
2.8
600
7.1
3.2
1200 8.1
2.9

100
Steel: XXS
Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100'
2
4
6
12
20
40
60
90
160
280
700

2.3
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.7
3.1
3.3
3.7
4.0
4.8
6.0

11.7
4.7
3.6
2.9
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.2
2.8
3.1
3.2

130
Steel: XXS
Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100'
1.5
1.6
2.7
3
1.8
2.6
6
2.2
2.6
12
2.6
2.7
20
3.2
3.3
35
3.4
2.7
60
3.9
2.9
100
4.4
2.8
150
5.0
3.1
200
5.1
2.7
400
6.4
3.1
650
7.1
3.0
1300 8.3
3.0

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Dynamic Pressure Losses through Fittings


EL = L/D* D (EL = Equivalent Length. L=Pipe Length, D = Pipe Diameter)
Velocity Pressure Factor (K) for Water : K = C*D**E: Pressure Drop (PD) = K*VP
FITTING IDENTIFICATION
ColRo
Description
w
A8
90 deg Elbow: Regular Screwed

Pipe Fittings Data

L/D Factors
Name

K Factors

Water Glycol Brine Diesel Petrol Steam

Gas

Coeff C

Expon E

EL90-RG-SC

45

53

61

45

36

30

35

1.5

-0.6092

A9

90 deg Elbow: Long Radius Screwed EL90-LR-SC

25

29

34

25

20

15

20

0.75

-0.8787

A10

90 deg Elbow: Regular Flanged

EL90-RG-Fl

45

53

61

45

36

30

35

0.45

-0.253

A11

90 deg Elbow: Long Radius Flanged EL90-LR-FL

25

29

34

25

20

15

20

0.4

-0.463

A12

45 deg Elbow: Regular Screwed

EL45-RG-SC

25

29

34

25

20

20

25

0.35

-0.1365

A13

45 deg Elbow: Regular Flanged

El45-RG-FL

15

18

20

15

12

15

20

0.22

-0.1414

A14

Return U-Bend: Regular Screwed

BEND-RG-SC

90

105

123

90

72

70

75

1.35

-0.5

A15

Return U-Bend: Regular Flanged

BEND-RG-FL

90

105

123

90

72

70

75

0.425

-0.255

A16

Return U-Bend: Long Radius

BEND-LR-SC

50

59

68

50

40

45

45

0.426

-0.5182

A17

Tee: Line Flow Screwed

TEE-LF-SC

20

24

27

20

16

20

25

0.9

A18

Tee: Branch Flow Screwed

TEE-BF-SC

65

76

89

65

52

65

70

1.85

-0.3747

A19

Tee: Line Flow Flanged

TEE-LF-FL

20

24

27

20

16

20

25

0.265

-0.4695

A20

Tee: Branch Flow Flanged

TEE-BF-FL

65

76

89

65

52

65

70

-0.2851

A21

Strainer: Basket

STRAINER

90

105

123

90

72

70

75

2.4

-0.5609

A22

Union / Coupling

UNION

45

53

61

45

36

30

35

0.083

-0.6644

A23

Inlet: Bell-Mouthed

INLET-BM

20

24

27

20

16

20

25

0.05

A24

Inlet: Square-Edged

INLET-SE

45

53

61

45

36

30

35

0.5

A25

Outlet: All Types

OUTLET

65

76

89

65

52

65

70

Fittings

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie

C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Dynamic Pressure Losses through Valves


EL = L/D* D (EL = Equivalent Length. L=Pipe Length, D = Pipe Diameter)
Velocity Pressure Factor (K) for Water : K = C*D**E: Pressure Drop (PD) = K*VP

ColRo
w A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
A16
A17
A18
A19
A20
A21
A22
A23
A24
A25
A26
A27
A28
A29
A30
Valve Fittings Data

FITTING IDENTIFICATION
Name
Description
Water
Angle : Screwed
ANGLE-SC
175
Angle : Flanged
ANGLE-FL
175
Balancing
BALANCING 350
Ball
BALL
10
Butterfly
BUTTERFLY 50
Check Swing : Screwed
CHECK-SC
150
Check Swing : Flanged
CHECK-FL
150
Gate : Screwed
GATE-SC
10
Gate : Flanged
GATE-FL
10
Gate : Electric Motor
GATE-EM
10
Gate : Pneumatic Motor
GATE-PM
10
Globe : Screwed
GLOBE-SC
350
Globe : Flanged
GLOBE-FL
350
Globe : Electric Motor
GLOBE-EM 350
Globe : Pneumatic Motor
GLOBE-PM 350
Lock Shield
LOCK-SHIELD 10
Plug Cock
PLUG-COCK 150
Pressure Reducing
PRV
10
Quick Open
QUICKOPEN 350
Pressure Regulator
PR-REG
10
Relief / Safety
RELIEF
0
Solenoid
SOLENOID
350
Foot Valve
FOOT
50

Glycol
205
205
410
12
59
176
176
12
12
12
12
410
410
410
410
12
176
12
410
12
0
410
59

Valves

Brine
238
238
477
14
68
204
204
14
14
14
14
477
477
477
477
14
204
14
477
14
0
477
68

L/D Factors
Diesel GasolineSteam Gas
175
140
150
200
175
140
150
200
350
280
30
350
10
8
10
10
50
40
0
0
150
120
75
100
150
120
75
100
10
8
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
8
10
10
350
280
300
350
350
280
300
350
350
280
300
350
350
280
300
350
10
8
10
10
150
120
130
150
10
8
10
10
350
280
300
350
10
8
10
10
0
0
0
0
350
280
300
350
50
40
0
0

K Factors
Coeff C Expon E
4.5
4.5
4.25
4.25
12.5
12.5
0.24
0.24
12.5
12.5
3.5
3.5
2
2
0.24
0.24
1
1
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
0.24
0.24
12.5
12.5
0.24
0.24
12.5
12.5
0.24
0.24
0
0
12.5
12.5
0.8
0.8
5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings Merrill

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS
Liquid
Water

Glycol

Brine

Diesel

Petrol

Temperature
-30
0
30
60
100
150
210
Density (lb/cu ft)
62.42
62.37
62.00
61.20
59.81
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 62.4 )
1.00
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.96
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec)
0.00
12.17
7.39
4.76
3.20
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.01
Density (lb/cu ft)
67.98
67.55
67.11
66.55
65.74
64.68
63.12
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 62.4 )
1.09
1.08
1.08
1.07
1.05
1.04
1.01
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec)
595.00
190.00
85.40
48.60
22.60
12.50
6.40
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF)
0.70
0.73
0.76
0.78
0.81
0.85
0.88
Density (lb/cu ft)
78.59
78.21
77.71
77.21
76.09
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 62.4 )
1.26
1.25
1.25
1.24
1.22
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec)
171.70
77.50
34.70
21.80
8.90
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF)
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.71
Density (lb/cu ft)
59.20
57.40
56.10
54.90
53.00
51.10
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 62.4 )
0.95
0.92
0.90
0.88
0.85
0.82
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec)
376.70
161.50
80.70
48.30
29.10
7.50
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF)
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.52
Density (lb/cu ft)
46.10
45.50
44.90
44.70
44.30
42.40
Specific Gravity ( = Density / 62.4 )
0.74
0.73
0.72
0.72
0.71
0.68
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec)
11.00
9.80
8.80
7.00
5.50
3.00
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF)
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.52
Properties

PROPERTIES OF HIGH TEMPERATURE HOT WATER

Increase in Frictional Pressure Loss due to Pipe Age


Hydraulic Handbook by Colt Industries
Multipliers
Temp
Satur.
Density Specific
Kinem
Sp. Heat
deg F
Press
lb/cu ft Gravity = Viscos Btu/lb oF
Pipe Age
Small
Medium
Large
psig
sq
ft/sec
Years
1
3
4
to
12
14
- 48
Density/62.4
212
0
59.81
3.2
1.0055
0
1
1
1
0.96
220
2.5
59.63
3
1.0068
5
1.4
1.35
1.3
0.96
240
10.3
59.1
2.7
1.0104
10
2.2
1.9
1.6
0.95
260
20.7
58.51
2.5
1.0148
15
3.6
2.7
1.8
0.94
280
34.5
57.94
2.3
1.02
20
5
3.5
2
0.93
300
52.3
57.31
2.1
1.26
25
6.3
4.2
2.1
0.92
350
119.9
55.59
1.9
1.044
30
7.25
4.73
2.2
0.89
400
232.6
53.65
1.7
1.067
35
8.1
5.2
2.3
0.86
0.83
450
407.9
51.55
1.5
1.095
40
8.75
5.58
2.4
45
9.25
5.93
2.6
50
9.6
6.23
2.86
STANDARD MOTOR SIZES
60
10
7
3
1
50

Fluid Properties

2
60

3
75

5
100

7.5
125

10
150

Fluids

15
200

20
250

25
300

30
400

40
500

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

STEAM PRESSURE CLASSIFICATION AND PIPE SIZING DESIGN CRITERIA


Pressure Classifications

Pressure

Vacuum: Less than 0 psig


Low: 0 to 15 psig
Medium: 15 to 30 psig
High: 30 to 150 psig
High: 150 to 250 psig

Initial Steam

Class

Sizing Criteria

Press (psig)

Low
Low
Medium
High
High
High

3.5
12
30
50
100
150

Maxim System

(psi/100ft)

0.25
0.5
0.75
1
2
2

Maxim Veloc

PD (psig)

1
3.5
7.5
10
20
25

(ft/min)

4,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
10,000

LOW PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)

Pipe

1/16

Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 3.5 psig

Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 12 psig

Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe

Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe

1/8

1/4

0.5

3/4
0.75

1
1.0

2
2.0

1/16

1/8

1/4

0.5

3/4
0.75

1
1.0

0.063

0.125

0.063

0.125

0.75

14

20

29

36

42

60

11

16

24

35

43

50

73

1.0

17

26

37

54

68

81

114

21

31

46

66

82

95

137

1.25

36

53

78

111

140

162

232

45

66

96

138

170

200

280

1.5

56

84

120

174

218

246

360

70

100

147

210

260

304

430

2.0

108

162

234

336

420

480

710

134

194

285

410

510

590

850

2.5

174

258

378

540

680

780

1150

215

310

460

660

820

950

1370

3.0

318

465

660

960

1190

1380

1950

380

550

810

1160

1430

1670

2400

3.5

462

670

990

1410

1740

2000

2950

550

800

1218

1700

2100

2420

3450

4.0

640

950

1410

1980

2450

2880

4200

800

1160

1690

2400

3000

3460

4900

5.0

1200

1680

2440

3570

4380

5100

7500

1430

2100

3000

4250

5250

6100

8600

6.0

1920

2820

3960

5700

7000

8400

11,900

2300

3350

4850

5700

8600

10,000

14,200

8.0

3900

5570

8100

11,400

14,500

16,500

24,000

4800

7000

10,000

14,300

17,700

20,500

29,500

10.0

7200

10,200

15,000

21,000

26,200

30,000

42,700

8800

12,600

18,200

26,000

32,000

37,000

52,000

12.0

11,400

16,500

23,400

33,000

41,000

48,000

67,800

13,700

19,500

28,400

40,000

49,500

57,500

81,000

Steam-Condns

0.25

1/2

Size

Steam and Condensate

0.25

1/2

2.0

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

MEDIUM PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)
Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 30 psig

Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 60 psig

Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe

Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe

Pipe

1/8

1/4

1/2

3/4

Pipe

1/8

1/4

1/2

3/4

Size

0.125

0.25

0.5

0.75

1.0

2.0

Size

0.125

0.25

0.5

0.75

1.0

2.0

0.50
0.75

10

14

17

19

28

12

17

21

25

35

22

32

39

45

64

0.50
0.75

16

20

28

40

49

57

81

1.00

32

45

64

79

91

129

1.00

40

57

81

100

115

163

1.25

70

99

142

174

202

283

1.25

89

127

179

219

253

358

1.50

110

156

220

270

312

440

1.50

139

197

279

342

395

558

2.00

223

316

446

546

630

892

2.00

282

282

565

691

800

1,130

2.50

368

520

735

900

1,040

1,472

2.50

465

660

930

1,140

1,318

1,860

3.00

675

953

1,340

1,652

1,905

2,690

3.00

853

1,205

1,690

2,090

2,410

3,410

3.50

990

1,405

2,010

2,470

2,850

4,020

3.50

1,275

1,800

2,550

3,120

3,605

5,090

4.00

1,420

2,020

2,850

3,490

4,025

5,700

4.00

1,800

2,550

3,610

4,462

5,100

7,220

5.00

2,625

3,720

5,260

6,450

7,450

10,550

5.00

3,320

4,710

6,660

8,150

9,440

13,300

6.00

4,315

6,100

8,650

10,600

12,200

17,300

6.00

5,475

7,725

11

13,420

15,450

21,900

8.00

9,000

12,700

18,000

22,000

25,420

36,000

8.00

11,360

16,100

22,800

27,900

32,200

45,550

10.00

16,400

23,200

33,300

40,250

46,500

65,750

10.00

20,800

29,400

41,500

51,000

58,900

83,250

12.00

26,350

37,250

52,500

64,500

74,500

105,500

12.00

33,300

47,100

66,700

81,750

94,500

133,200

HIGH PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)
Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 30 psig

Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 60 psig

Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe

Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe

Pipe

1/2

3/4

Pipe

1/2

3/4

Size

0.5

0.75

1.0

2.0

5.0

Size

0.5

0.75

1.0

2.0

5.0

0.50

21

26

30

43

68

0.50

23

29

33

47

75

0.75

50

61

70

99

160

0.75

54

66

77

109

172

1.00

100

120

140

200

320

1.00

109

134

155

220

347

1.25

220

270

310

440

690

1.25

241

296

341

483

764

1.50

340

420

480

680

1,080

1.50

375

460

532

751

1,185

2.00

690

850

980

1,390

2,190

2.00

760

930

1,075

1,520

2,410

2.50

1,140

1,400

1,620

2,280

3,610

2.50

1,250

1,535

1,775

2,550

3,960

3.00

2,090

2,560

2,960

4,180

6,610

3.00

2,280

2,815

3,245

4,590

7,260

3.50

3,120

3,830

4,420

6,250

9,870

3.50

3,430

4,200

4,850

6,850

10,880

4.00

4,420

5,420

6,260

8,840

13,960

4.00

4,840

5,930

6,850

9,700

15,350

5.00

8,170

10,020

11,580

16,350

25,840

5.00

8,950

11,000

12,700

17,950

28,400

6.00

13,420

16,450

19,020

26,840

42,410

6.00

14,710

18,070

20,800

29,500

46,500

8.00

27,930

34,250

39,580

55,870

88,280

8.00

30,650

37,550

43,400

61,400

97,100

10.00

50,970

62,500

72,230

101,900

161,100

10.00

56,000

68,500

79,100

112,000

177,000

12.00

81,810

100,300

115,900

163,600

258,500

12.00

89,900

110,200

127,100

179,600

284,100

Pipe Slope (in. / 10 ft)

Pressure Drop (psi / 100 ft)

Steam and Condensate

Steam-Condns

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Pressure Drop (psi/100) sizing criteria for open gravity (sloped pipe) condensate return
CONDENSATE FLOW RATE (lbs/hr)

Condensate Return Pressure = 0 psig

Supply Steam at 5 psig


Pipe
Size

Supply Steam at 15 psig

PD (psi per 100 feet)

Pipe

1/16

1/4

0.063

0.25

1.0

Size

Supply Steam at 30 psig

PD (psi per 100 feet)

Pipe

1/16

1/4

0.063

0.25

1.0

Size

PD (psi per 100 feet)


1/16

1/4

0.063

0.25

1.0

0.5

240

520

1100

0.5

95

210

450

0.5

60

130

274

0.75

510

1120

2400

0.75

210

450

950

0.75

130

280

590

1.0

1000

2150

4540

1.0

400

860

1820

1.0

250

530

1120

1.25

2100

4500

9500

1.25

840

1800

3800

1.25

520

1110

2350

1.5

3170

6780

14,200

1.5

1270

2720

5700

1.5

780

1670

3510

2.0

6240

13,300

2.0

2500

5320

2.0

1540

3270

2.5

10,000

21,300

2.5

4030

8520

2.5

2480

5250

3.0

18,000

28,000

3.0

7200

15,200

3.0

4440

9360

4.0

37,200

78,000

4.0

14,900

31,300

4.0

9180

19,200

6.0

110,500

6.0

44,300

6.0

27,300

8.0

228,600

8.0

91,700

8.0

56,400

Supply Steam at 50 psig


Pipe
Size

Supply Steam at 100 psig

PD (psi per 100 feet)

Pipe

1/16

1/4

0.063

0.25

1.0

Size

Supply Steam at 150 psig

PD (psi per 100 feet)

Pipe

1/16

1/4

0.063

0.25

1.0

Size

PD (psi per 100 feet)


1/16

1/4

0.063

0.25

1.0

0.5

42

92

200

0.5

28

62

133

0.5

23

51

109

0.75

91

200

420

0.75

62

134

290

0.75

50

110

230

1.0

180

380

800

1.0

120

260

544

1.0

100

210

450

1.25

370

800

1680

1.25

250

540

1130

1.25

200

440

930

1.5

560

1200

2520

1.5

380

810

1700

1.5

310

660

1400

2.0

1110

2350

2.0

750

1590

2.0

610

1300

2.5

1780

3780

2.5

1200

2550

2.5

980

2100

3.0

3190

6730

3.0

2160

4550

3.0

1760

3710

4.0

6660

13,800

4.0

4460

9340

4.0

3640

7630

6.0

19,600

6.0

13,200

6.0

10,800

8.0

40,500

8.0

27,400

8.0

22,400

Supply Steam at 100 psig


Pipe
Size

Supply Steam at 150 psig

PD (psi per 100 feet)

Pipe

1/16

1/4

0.063

0.25

1.0

Size

PD (psi per 100 feet)


1/16

1/4

0.063

0.25

1.0

0.5

56

120

260

0.5

43

93

200

0.75

120

260

560

0.75

93

200

420

1.0

240

500

1060

1.0

180

390

800

1.5

750

1600

3,320

1.5

570

1210

2500

2.0

1470

3,100

6450

2.0

1120

2350

4900

2.5

2,370

5,000

10,300

2.5

1800

3780

7800

3.0

4,230

8,860

3.0

3200

6,710

4.0

8,730

18,200

4.0

6,620

13,800

6.0

25,900

53,600

6.0

19,600

40,600

8.0

3,400

110,300

8.0

40,500

83,600

Steam and Condensate

Steam-Condns

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

PROPERTIES OF STEAM

Steam and Condensate

Enthalpy btu/lb

Press

cuft

Liquid

Latent

psig

deg F

cuft

Liquid

Latent

26.8

180.1

970.3

65

311.8

5.49

281.8

901.3

25.13

183.6

968.1

70

316.4

5.18

286.2

898

218.7

23.72

186.8

966

75

320.1

4.91

290.4

894.8

221.7

22.47

189.8

964.1

80

323.9

4.66

294.4

891.9

224.5

21.35

192.7

962.3

85

327.6

4.44

298.2

899

227.3

20.34

195.5

960.5

90

331.2

4.24

301.9

886.1

229.9

19.42

198.2

958.8

95

334.6

4.06

305.5

883.3

232.4

18.58

200.7

957.2

100

337.9

3.89

308.9

880.7

234.9

17.81

203.2

955.6

105

341.1

3.74

312.3

878.1
875.5

Press

Temp

psig

deg F

212

215.5

2
3

Volume

Temp

Volume

Enthalpy btu/lb

237.2

17.11

205.6

954.1

110

344.2

3.59

315.5

10

239.5

16.46

207.9

952.5

115

347.2

3.46

318.7

873

11

241.7

15.86

210.1

951.1

120

350.1

3.34

321.7

870.7

12

243.8

15.31

212.2

949.7

125

352.9

3.23

324.7

868.3

13

245.9

14.79

214.3

948.3

130

355.6

3.12

327.6

865.9

14

247.9

14.31

216.4

946.9

135

358.3

3.02

330.4

863.7

15

249.8

13.86

218.3

945.6

140

360.9

2.93

333.1

861.5

16

251.7

13.43

220.3

944.3

145

363.4

2.84

335.8

859.3

17

253.6

13.03

222.2

943

150

365.9

2.76

338.4

857.2

18

255.4

12.66

224

941.8

155

368.3

2.68

340.9

855

19

257.1

12.31

225.7

940.6

160

370.6

2.61

343.4

853

20

258.8

11.98

227.5

939.5

165

372.9

2.54

345.9

850.9

21

260.5

11.67

229.2

938.3

170

375.2

2.47

348.3

848.9

22

262.2

11.37

230.9

937.2

175

377.4

2.41

350.7

846.9

23

263.8

11.08

232.5

936.1

180

379.5

2.35

353

845

24

265.4

10.82

234.1

935

185

381.6

2.3

355.2

843.1

25

266.9

10.56

235.6

934

190

383.7

2.24

357.4

841.2

30

274.1

9.45

243

928.9

195

385.8

2.19

359.6

839.2

35

280.7

8.56

249.8

924.2

200

387.8

2.13

361.9

837.4

40

286.8

7.83

256

919.8

210

391.7

2.04

366

833.8

45

292.4

7.2

261.8

915.7

220

395.5

1.95

370.1

830.3

50

297.7

6.68

267.2

911.8

230

399.1

1.88

374.1

826.8

55

302.7

6.23

272.4

908.1

240

402.7

1.81

377.8

823.4

60

307.3

5.83

277.2

904.6

250

406.1

1.74

381.6

820.1

Steam-Condns

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Example:

6800 lbs per hour of steam flow in a 2 inch pipe at 100 psig pressure.
What is the pressure (psi) drop per 100 ft length of pipe and the flow velocity?
Answer: psi/100 = 11 velocity = 32,000 fpm

Figure - 17
ASHRAE

Steam Flow Rates at Various Pressures and Velocities for Schedule 40 Pipe

Steam Pipe Sizing Charts

Steam-Charts

Source:

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Figure 18

Steam flow at 30 psig


Source: ASHRAE

Design Criteria:
0.75 psi per 100 ft pipe
Max Vel = 6,000 fpm

Figure 19

Steam flow at 50 psig


Source: ASHRAE

Design Criteria:
1.0 psi per 100 ft pipe
Max Vel = 8,000 fpm

Steam Pipe Sizing Charts

Steam-Charts

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Figure 20

Steam flow at 100 psig


Source: ASHRAE

Design Criteria:
2.0 psi per 100 ft pipe
Max Vel = 10,000 fpm

Figure 21

Steam flow at 150 psig


Source: ASHRAE

Design Criteria:
2.0 psi per 100 ft pipe
Max Vel = 10,000 fpm

Steam Pipe Sizing Charts

Steam-Charts

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Natural Gas Pipe Sizing Tables and Charts


Steel Pipe - Schedule 40
Downstream
Pressure
DPress Pipe Dimension (in)
(psig)

1/2"

3/4"

1 1/4

1 1/2

2 1/2

9.5

355

745

1,400

2,880

4,310

8,305

515

1,080

2,030

4,160

6,240

12,020 19,150 33,860 69,060 ######

8.5

350

730

1,370

2,815

4,210

8,120

8.1

475

995

1,875

3,850

5,770

11,100 17,700 31,300 63,840 ######

7.6

300

630

1,190

2,440

3,650

7,040

7.2

440

910

1,720

3,530

5,290

10,190 16,240 28,710 58,560 ######

6.6

290

615

1,160

2,380

3,565

6,865

10,940 19,345 39,460 71,390

6.3

395

830

1,560

3,210

4,810

9,260

14,760 26,090 53,210 96,260

5.7

245

515

970

1,990

2,990

5,730

9,140

5.4

355

745

1,400

2,880

4,310

8,310

13,245 23,415 47,760 86,400

4.7

240

500

940

1,935

2,900

5,580

8,895

4.5

315

660

1,240

2,540

3,810

7,340

11,695 20,680 42,170 76,300

13,240 23,400 47,730 86,350


12,940 22,880 46,600 84,420
11,215 19,830 40,440 76,170

inlet upstream pressure is more than 5 psig (35 kPa)

fittings factor 1.2 - equivalent pipe length = pipe length + 20%

16,160 32,950 59,620


15,730 32,080 58,030

For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about 900 to 1100 BTU/cf. In general it is common to set

1 Cubic Foot (CF) = Approx 1,000 BTUs

1 CFH 1 MBH

1 Btu/h = 0.293 W

LP Natural Gas

Natural-Gas

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Steel Pipe - Schedule 40


Capacity of Pipe (MBH CFH)
Pipe SizeInside
(in)
Nomin
al
dia

Pipe Length (ft)


10

20

40

80

150

300

1/2"

0.622

120

85

60

42

31

22

3/4"

0.824

272

192

136

96

70

50

1.049

547

387

273

193

141

100

1 1/4

1.38

1,200

849

600

424

310

219

1 1/2

1.61

1,860

1,316

930

658

480

340

2.067

3,759

2,658

1,880

1,330

971

686

2 1/2

2.469

6,169

4,362

3,084

2,189

1,593

1,126

3.068

11,225

7,938

5,613

3,969

2,898

2,049

4.026

23,479 16,602 11,740

8,301

6,062

4,287

5.047

42,945 30,367 21,473 15,183 11,088

7,841

6.065

69,671 49,265 34,836 24,632 17,989 12,720

7.981 ###### ###### 70,916 50,145 36,621 25,895

pressure less than 1 1/2 psig

pressure drop 0.5 inches water column

specific gravity of natural gas

energy content in natural gas 1000 Btu/lb

1 Cubic Foot (CF) = Approx 1,000 BTUs

common to use fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length

1 CFH = 1 MBH

in table above = pipe length + 50%


For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about
900 to 1100 BTU/cf. In general it is common to set

LP Natural Gas

Natural-Gas

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

Copper Tubing - type K

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Copper Tubing - type L

Capacity of Pipe (MBH CFH)

Capacity of Pipe (MBH CFH)

Pipe
Size (in)Inside
Nomin
Outsid
al
Dia
Dia

Pipe Length (ft)

PipeOutsid
Size (in)Inside
Nomina
l
Dia
Dia

10

20

40

80

1/4"

3/8"

0.305

15

10

1/4"

3/8"

3/8"

1/2"

0.402

33

24

17

12

3/8"

1/2"

5/8"

0.527

74

52

37

26

5/8"

3/4"

0.652

138

97

69

3/4"

7/8"

0.745

203

143

1 1/8

0.995

469

1 1/4

1 3/8

1.245

894

Pipe Length (ft)


10

20

40

80

0.315

16

11

1/2"

0.43

41

29

20

14

1/2"

5/8"

0.545

81

58

41

29

49

5/8"

3/4"

0.666

146

103

73

52

101

72

3/4"

7/8"

0.785

236

167

118

84

332

235

166

1 1/8

1.025

511

362

256

181

632

447

316

1 1/4

1 3/8

1.265

936

662

468

331

pressure less than 1 1/2 psig

common to use fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length

pressure less than 1 1/2 psig


common to use fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length

in table above = pipe length + 50%

in table above = pipe length + 50%

pressure drop 0.5 inches water column

pressure drop 0.5 inches water column

specific gravity of natural gas 0.6

specific gravity of natural gas 0.6

energy content in natural gas 1000 Btu/lb

energy content in natural gas 1000 Btu/lb

One MBH is equivalent to 1000 BTU's per hour

One MBH is equivalent to 1000 BTU's per hour

LP Natural Gas

1 Btu/h = 0.293 W

1 lb = 0.4536 kg

1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m

1 in water = 248.8 N/m 2 (Pa) = 0.0361 lb/in 2 (psi) = 25.4 kg/m 2 = 0.0739 in mercury

1 psi (lb/in ) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m )

Natural-Gas

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

The capacity of a low pressure natural gas (less than 1 psi) pipe line can be calculated with the Spitzglass formula like
q = 3550 k ( h / l SG) 1/2

(1)

where
q = natural gas flow capacity (cfh)

h = pressure drop (in Water Column)

l = length of pipe (ft)

k = [d 5 /(1 + 3.6/d + 0.03 d)] 1/2

d = inside diameter pipe (in)

SG = specific gravity

For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about 900 to 1100 BTU/cf . In general it is common to set
1 Cubic Foot (CF) = approx 1,000 BTUs
1 CFH = 1 MBH
The specific gravity of natural gas varies from 0.55 to 1.0 .
The downstream pressure in a houseline after the meter/regulator is in general in the
range of 7 to 11 inches Water Column, or about 1/4 psi.
Example - Natural Gas Pipe Capacity
The capacity of a 100 ft natural gas pipe with a nominal diameter 0.5 inches (actual ID 0.622 in )
and 0.5 inches WC pressure drop can be calculated as
)5

k = [(0.622 in /(1 + 3.6 / (0.622 in) + 0.03 (0.622 in))]0.117


q = 3550 0.117 ( (0.5 in) / (100 ft) 0.60 ) 1/2 = 37.9 cfh
Specific gravity of natural gas is set to 0.60 .

LP Natural Gas

Natural-Gas

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E

Fixture Data : Domestic Hot and Cold Water


Fixture Type
Supply Minim Fixture
/ Description
Code
PSIG
GPM
Bathroom Group TANK
8
0
Bathroom Group VALVE 8
0
Water Closet
TANK
8
0
Water Closet
VALVE 15
0
Urinal
TANK
8
0
Urinal
VALVE 8
0
Shower Head
TANK
8
3
Bathtub
TANK
8
4
Lavatory
TANK
8
2
Service Sink
TANK
8
3
Kitchen Sink
TANK
8
3
Restaurant Sink
TANK
8
3
Drinking Fountain TANK
8
2
Dish Washer
TANK
8
3
Clothes Washer
TANK
8
4

Private Use : Fixture Units


Cold
Hot
Total
4.5
3
6
6
3
8
3
0
3
6
0
6
3
0
3
4
0
4
2
2
3
7.5
7.5
10
1
1
1.5
2
2
3
2
2
3
3
3
4
1
0
1
2
2
3
2
2
3

Conversion Table : Fixture Units to GPM


Fixture Units
Fixture Units
Flow
Flow
GPM
Tank
Valve
GPM
Tank
Valve
1
0
34
63
18
2
1
35
66
20
3
3
36
69
21
4
4
37
74
23
5
6
38
78
25
6
7
39
83
26
7
8
40
86
28
8
10
41
90
30
9
12
42
95
31
10
13
43
99
33
11
15
44
103
35
12
16
45
107
37
13
18
46
111
39
14
20
47
115
42
15
21
48
119
44
16
23
49
123
46
17
24
50
127
48
18
26
51
130
50
19
28
52
135
52
20
30
53
141
54
21
32
54
146
57
22
34
5
55
151
60
23
36
6
56
155
63
24
39
7
57
160
66
25
42
8
58
165
69
26
44
9
59
170
73
27
46
10
60
175
76
28
49
11
62
185
82
29
51
12
64
195
88
30
54
13
66
205
95
31
56
14
68
215
102
32
58
15
70
225
108
33
60
16
72
236
116

Plumbing Fixture Units

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Public Use : Fixture Units


Cold
Hot
Total
4.5
3
6
4.5
3
6
5
0
5
10
0
10
3
0
3
5
0
5
4
4
5
7.5
7.5
10
2
2
3
4
4
5
4
4
5
3
3
4
2
0
2
3
3
4
3
3
4

(from ASPE Data Book)


Fixture Units
Flow
Gpm
Tank
Valve
74
245
124
76
254
132
78
264
140
80
275
148
82
284
158
84
294
168
86
305
176
88
315
186
90
326
195
92
337
205
94
348
214
96
359
223
98
370
234
100
380
245
105
406
270
110
431
295
115
455
329
120
479
365
125
506
396
130
533
430
135
559
460
140
585
490
145
611
521
150
638
559
155
665
596
160
692
631
165
719
666
170
748
700
175
778
739
180
809
775
185
840
811
190
874
850
200
945
931

FixtUnits

Flow
GPM
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000

Minim Conn. Size


Cold
Hot
0.50
0.50
1.00
0.50
0.38
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.38
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.38
0.38
0.50
0.75
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.38
0.00
0.38
0.38
0.50
0.50

Fixture Units
Tank
Valve
1018
1009
1091
1091
1173
1173
1254
1254
1335
1335
1418
1418
1500
1500
1583
1583
1668
1668
1755
1755
1845
1845
1926
1926
2018
2018
2110
2110
2204
2204
2298
2298
2388
2388
2480
2480
2575
2575
2670
2670
2765
2765
2862
2862
2960
2960
3060
3060
3150
3150
3620
3620
4070
4070
4480
4480
5380
5380
6280
6280
7280
7280
8300
8300

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

Horizontal Fixture Branches and Stacks


Pipe

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Building Drains and Sewers

Any Horiz One Stack More than 3 Br Intervals

Diam

Fixture

3 Br Interv Total for Total at One

(ins)

Branch

or Less

Stack

Br. Interval

1.5

2.0

10

24

2.5

12

20

42

3.0

20

48

4.0

160

5.0

Pipe

Max Fixture Units that may be Connected

Diam

Slope per Foot


1/4 inch

1/2 inch

2.0

21

26

2.5

24

31

72

20

3.0

42

50

240

500

90

4.0

180

216

250

360

540

1100

200

5.0

390

480

575

6.0

620

960

1900

350

6.0

700

840

1000

8.0

1400

2200

3600

600

8.0

1400

1600

1920

2300

10.0

2500

3800

5600

1000

10.0

2500

2900

3500

4200

12.0

3900

6000

8400

1500

12.0

2900

4600

5600

6700

15.0

7000

15.0

7000

8300

10000

12000

Plumbing Sanitary Drainage

Sanitary

(ins)

1/16 inch

1/8 inch

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

Horizontal Vent Sizing Table (BOCA National Plumbing Code)

Horizontal Branch
Diam

Slope

Diameter of Vent (inches)

1.25

1.5

10

12

Maximum Developed Length of Vent (feet)

(in/ft)
1.25

2.5

0.125
0.25
0.50

1.5

0.125
0.25
0.50

2.5

10

12

15

0.125
0.25

290

0.50

150

380

0.125

180

450

0.25

96

240

0.50

49

130

0.125

190

0.25

97

420

0.50

50

220

0.125

190

0.25

98

310

0.50

48

160

410

0.125

190

490

0.25

97

250

0.50

46

130

0.125

190

0.25

97

250

0.50

46

130

0.125

190

0.25

91

310

0.50

38

150

410

0.125

190

500

0.25

85

240

0.50

32

110

0.125

180

0.25

79

420

0.50

26

200

0.125
0.25
0.50

Plumbing Sanitary Vents

Vents

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

Vertical Vent Sizing Table


Stack

Total

Diam

FUs to

1.25

1.5

(BOCA National Plumbing Code)


Diameter of Vent (inches)

2.5

Stack

1.25

30

1.5

50

150

10

30

100

12

30

75

200

20

26

50

150

2.5

42

30

100

300

10

42

150

360

1040

21

32

110

270

810

53

27

94

230

680

102

25

10

12

15

10

12

Maximum Developed Length of Vent (feet)

(ins)

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

86

210

620

43

35

85

250

980

140

27

65

200

750

320

23

55

170

640

540

21

50

150

580

190

28

82

320

990

490

21

63

250

760

940

18

53

210

670

1400

16

49

190

590

500

33

130

400

1000

1100

26

100

310

780

2000

22

84

260

660

2900

20

77

240

600

1800

31

95

240

940

3400

24

73

190

720

5600

20

62

160

610

7600

18

56

140

560

4000

31

78

310

960

7200

24

60

240

740

11000

20

51

200

630

15000

18

46

180

570

7300

31

120

380

940

13000

24

94

300

720

20000

20

79

250

610

26000

18

72

230

500

15000

40

130

310

25000

31

96

240

38000

26

81

200

50000

24

74

180

Plumbing Sanitary Vents

Vents

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data

ROOF DRAIN AND LEADER SIZING


Rain
(in./hr.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Size of Drain or Leader Diameter (in.)


2
3
4
5
6
8
2880
8800
18400 34600 54000 ######
1440
4400
9200
17300 27000 58000
960
2930
6130
11530 17995 38660
720
2200
4600
8650
13500 29000
575
1760
3680
6920
10800 23200
480
1470
3070
5765
9000
19315
410
1260
2630
4945
7715
16570
360
1100
2300
4325
6750
14500
320
980
2045
3845
6000
12890
290
880
1840
3460
5400
11600
260
800
1675
3145
4910
10545
240
730
1530
2880
4500
9660

HORIZONTAL RAINWATER PIPE SIZING


1/8 Slope
Maximum Rainfall (in./hr)
Pipe
Size
2
3
4
5
3
1644
1096
822
657
4
3760
2506
1880
1504
5
6680
4453
3340
2672
6
10700 7133
5350
4280
8
23000 15330 11500 9200
10
41400 27600 20700 16580
12
66600 44400 33300 26650
15
###### 72800 59500 47600

6
548
1253
2227
3566
7600
13800
22200
39650

HORIZONTAL RAINWATER PIPE SIZING


1/2 Slope
Maximum Rainfall (in./hr)
Pipe
Size
2
3
4
5
3
2295
1644
1310
4
5010
3760
3010
5
13360 8900
6680
5320
6
21400 13700 10700 8580
8
46000 30650 23000 18400
10
82800 55200 41400 33150
12
###### 88800 66600 53200
15
###### ###### ###### 95300

6
1096
2500
4450
7140
15320
27600
44400
79250

Plumbing Storm Water Sizing

Storm

HORIZONTAL RAINWATER PIPE SIZING


1/4 Slope
Maximum Rainfall (in./hr)
Pipe
Size
2
3
4
5
3
2320
1546
1160
928
4
5300
3533
2650
2120
5
9440
6293
4720
3776
6
15100 10066 7550
6040
8
32600 21733 16300 13040
10
58400 38950 29200 23350
12
94000 62600 47000 37600
15
###### ###### 84000 67250

6
773
1766
3146
5033
10866
19450
31350
56000

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.

IBM-AES Piping Design Software Ref-Data

Example of Primary-Secondary Piping Network System


Terminal Units (100 gpm each)

Section No.

Cooling Coils

S12

R1

S11

R2

S10

R3

Pumps
Chillers

Booster Pump

S8

S9

CHWS

CHWR

R4
S7

S6

S5
S1
S2

R8

R5

S3

R7

Cooling Coils
(300 gpm each)

Chillers

Primary-Secondary Piping

S4

R6
Primary Pumps

CHW-Schematic

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP

Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.


IBM-AES Piping Design Software Ref-Data

BOILER PLANT

Boiler

Primary
Hot Water
Pumps
HWS

Boiler

HWR

AHU Heating Coils

Hot Water Loop


HWS
HWR

HWR
Booster
HWS Pump

4-Pipe Units

4-Pipe Units

4-Pipe Units
BLDG

Booster
CHWS Pump

CHWS

Building
Envelope

CHWR

Chilled Water Loop


CHWS

Primary Chilled
Water Pumps
AHU Cooling Coils

Centrifug
al Chiller

Centrifug
al Chiller

Centrifug
al Chiller

CHWR
CWR
CWS
Cooling
Tower

Condenser
Water Loop

Cooling
Tower

CHILLER PLANT
CWR

Primary Plant Piping

Plant-Schematic

5 - Pipe-Sizing-Data.xls

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