Temperature Calibration

Technical Data

Temperature plays a key role in many industrial and commercial processes. Examples include monitoring cooking temperature in food processing, measuring the temperature of molten steel in a mill, verifying the temperature in a cold storage warehouse or refrigeration system, or regulating temperatures in the drying rooms of a paper manufacturer. A temperature transmitter will use a measuring device to sense the temperature, and then regulate a 4-20 mA feedback loop to a control element that affects the temperature (Fig. 1). The control element might consist of a valve that opens or closes to allow more steam into a heating process or more fuel
2200 C

to a burner. The two most common types of temperature sensing devices are the thermocouple (TC) and resistive temperature detector (RTD). Fluke provides a broad range of temperature calibration tools to help you quickly and reliably calibrate your temperature instrumentation. A summary of the temperature calibration capabilities of Fluke Process Tools is shown below.

RTD Sensor

4 Wire RTD Transmitter

300 250 200 150

4 to 20 mA

100 50 0 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400

ZERO

SPAN

Ohms Vs. Temp (PT100)

Fluke 724 Temperature Calibrator

Figure 1. Fluke 50 Series

Fluke 724

Fluke 725

Fluke 743

Function
Measure temperature from an RTD probe Measure temperature from a T/C probe Simulate an RTD output Simulate an RTD into pulsed excitation current Simulate a T/C output Simultaneous output a T/C, measure mA Simultaneous output an RTD, measure mA Log a temperature measurement Ramp a temperature signal Loop power supply Multifunction Source and Measure Automatically calibrate temperature switches Electronic data capture Upload documented data to PC Integrated HART communication

Fluke 744

Fluke 741

Fluke 712

Fluke 714

Fluke Temperature Test Tools

Fluke 55XX

Typical Temperature Calibration Applications

How to calibrate a Thermocouple input transmitter
724 TEMPERATURE CALIBRATOR

mA

LOOP

Rosemount 444
C F
TEST DC PWR

V MEAS SOURCE TC RTD

STORE SETUP RECALL

100% 25%

++

25% 0%

30V MAX ALL TERMINALS

SOURCE / MEASURE
3W

MEASURE

V RTD

TC

V mA
LOOP

4W

COM

COM

The Fluke 724 Temperature Calibrator can provide the three things necessary to calibrate a temperature transmitter. You can source a temperature, provide loop power, and measure the resulting output current. The following example shows how to calibrate a Type K TC transmitter that is ranged from 0-150 degrees centigrade, generating an output current range from 4-20 mA. Basic Calibrator Setup 1. Connect the 724 test leads to the TC transmitter as shown. The output from the thermocouple jacks on the 724 will simulate a temperature input to the transmitter. The red and black test leads will provide loop power to the transmitter and will measure the current resulting from temperature changes into the transmitter. 2. Power on the 724 calibrator. Select the mA button and the LOOP button to select measure milliamps with 24V loop power applied.

3. Press the Meas/Source button until the lower portion of the 724 display indicates the source mode. 4. Depress the TC button until a TC type of K is displayed. 5. Select the C button for centigrade. 6. Set the Zero Point for this application into the Calibrator. To do this set the display initially to 0.0C. You can use the up and down arrow keys to change the output value. Use the left and right arrows to control which decade value of the display is being changed. When the display reads 0.0, hold down the 0% key on the 724 and observe that 0% is displayed in the lower right corner of the screen. This establishes the Zero point for calibration. 7. Set the Span Point in the Calibrator. Set the display to the desired Span value for calibration. In this example the display should read 150 C. Depress the 100% key and observe that 100% is displayed in the lower right corner of the screen. This establishes the Span point for calibration.

Temperature transmitter error calculation example

mA Measurement 4.02 11.95 20.25 TC Source 0 C 75 C 150 C T Span 150 C 150 C 150 C Formula ([4.02-4)/16]-[0/150])*100 ([11.95-4)/16]-[75/150])*100 ([20.25-4)/16]-[150/150])*100 Error % 0.1250 -0.3125 1.5625

Performing an As Found Test 8. Depress the 0% key; record the applied temperature and the corresponding mA measurement. 9. Depress the 25% key (2) times; record the applied temperature and the corresponding mA measurement. 10.Depress the 100% key; record the applied temperature and the corresponding mA measurement. 11. Calculate the errors for each of the (3) points using the following formula: ERROR = ([(I-4)/16]-[(T/TSPAN])*100 where Error is in % of span, I is your recorded mA measurement, T is the recorded temperature and TSPAN is the temperature input span (100% - 0% points). The error calculation table below shows how to apply the formula to actual recorded measurements. 12.If your calculated errors are less than the specified instrument tolerance, the transmitter has passed the As-Found test. If the test has not passed, perform adjustments as necessary. Adjusting the Transmitter 13.Depress the 0% key to source the proper temperature for a 4 mA output. Adjust the zero potentiometer until the current reading is 4.00 mA. 14.Depress the 100% key to source the proper temperature for a 20 mA output. Adjust the Span potentiometer until the current reading is 20.00 mA. 15.Depress the 0% key again and adjust the zero potentiometer again if necessary, to get a 4.00 mA output. Perform an As Left Test Repeat steps 8 through 12 to complete the full calibration procedure on your temperature transmitter.

2 Fluke Corporation Temperature Calibration

743B DOCUMENTING PROCESS CALIBRATOR

TC Probe
714
THERMOCOUPLE CALIBRATOR

TC TYPE

C/F

Setpoint Controller
V

MEAS SOURCE

mA

SETUP TC RTD
CLEAR
(ZERO)

V Hz

INPUT OUTPUT

T/C Input

8 5 2 0

9 6 3

RANGE

Measured Controlled Process

V RTD

4 1

ENTER

mA

mA RTD
CAT

30V MAX

TC

Control Output

TC Input
TC

Indicator Setpoint Controller Measured Controlled Process

30V MAX

SOURCE
30V MAX

MEAS
30V MAX

300V MAX

Control

Fuel Supply

Control Valve

Disconnected T/C B

Output or Alarm A

Measuring temperature Process temperatures can be verified using a temperature calibrator or digital thermometer. In this example, both the controller/indicator and its input sensor can be verified at the process operating temperature.

Fuel Supply

Control Valve

743B DOCUMENTING PROCESS CALIBRATOR

MEAS SOURCE

mA

SETUP TC RTD
CLEAR
( ZERO)

Verifying thermostat or temperature controllers The performance of a thermostat or temperature controller can be determined by measuring the outputs while applying a temperature signal to the input. In this example, a Fluke 740 series calibrator simultaneously varies the input signal while monitoring contact closure on the output. The calibrator then documents the measured setpoint, reset point and deadband size. See the Limit Switch application note, listed on page 7, for more information on switch testing.

V Hz

7 4 1

8 5 2 0

9 6 3

RANGE

ENTER

HART Connection

V RTD

mA

mA RTD
CAT

TC Input
TC

Indicator Setpoint Controller Measured Controlled Process

744

DOCUMENTING PROCESS CALIBRATOR

30V MAX

SOURCE
30V MAX

MEAS
30V MAX

300V MAX

TC + 2 1 + T
MEAS SOURCE

TC

3 4 5

Control Output or Alarm A

Disconnected T/C
mA SETUP
TC RTD

V Hz

3144 Transmitter

7 4 1

8 5 2 0

9 6 3

CLEAR
(ZERO)

.
mA RTD
CAT

ENTER

Fuel Supply

Control Valve

V RTD

mA

+
300V MAX

30V MAX

SOURCE
30V MAX

MEAS
30V MAX

TC

Red

Sourcing Temperature, documented indicator verification The performance of a temperature indicator can be verified by applying a calibrated signal to the sensor input and noting the results. The performance of the indicator can be documented using the 740 series calibrators by entering the indicator value using the keypad. Please see the Custom Units/User Entered Values application note, listed on page 7, for more information and instructions.

Black

Calibrate a HART Temperature Transmitter HART smart transmitters require digital adjustment if found to be out of specification. This task requires a precision calibrator and a digital configuration tool. The Fluke 744 shown is connected to a Rosemount 3144 HART temperature transmitter. In this configuration, the 744 applies a T/C simulation signal and measures the mA output and digital PV. If adjustment is necessary, sensor trim, output trim and re-ranging can be performed with the Fluke 744. See the HART application note, listed Calibration on page Fluke 7. Corporation 3 Temperature

Fluke 741, 743 and 744 Documenting Process Calibrators Measure or simulate JKTERSBLUNC thermocouples Measure or simulate 7 RTD types, per 712 below, plus Cu 10 (47) Source or measure volts, ohms, mA, frequency Measure pressure with Fluke 700Pxx Pressure Modules Electronically capture results of automated procedures Serial communication to PC (743, 744) HART communication (744)

Fluke 725 Multifunction Process Calibrator the temperature capabilities of Fluke 724 All below, plus: Measure pressure with Fluke 700Pxx Pressure Modules Source or measure frequency to 10 kHz Remote interface for automated benchtop applications

Fluke 724 Temperature Calibrator Measure or simulate JKTERS BLUN thermocouples Measure or simulate 7 RTD types (see 712) Measure or source VDC, Measure 24 mA, with or without 24 volt loop supply Source TC or RTD while measuring V or mA Handles pulsed RTD transmitters with pulses >5 ms

Fluke 712 RTD Calibrator Measure or simulate Pt 100 200 500 1000 (385), Pt 100 (3926), Pt 100 (3916) and Ni 120 (672) Measure or source 15 to 3200 Handles pulsed RTD transmitters with pulses >100 ms Selectable F or C Banana jacks for 2W, 3W or 4W measurements

Fluke 714 Thermocouple Calibrator Measure or simulate JKTER SBLU thermocouples Measure or source -10 to 75 mV Selectable F or C Thermocouple mini-jack termination

4 Fluke Corporation Temperature Calibration

Fluke 51 Single Input Digital Thermometer

Fluke 52 Dual Input Digital Thermometer

Fluke 53 Single Input Digital Thermometer with data logging

Fluke 54 Dual Input Digital Thermometer with data logging

Fluke 51 Series II and 52 Series II Large backlit dual display shows any combination of T1, T2 (52 only), T1-T2 (52 only), plus MIN, MAX, or AVG Relative time clock on MIN, MAX, and AVG provides a time reference for major events. Electronic Offset function allows compensation of thermocouple errors to maximize overall accuracy Measures J, K, T, and E-types of thermocouples Readout in C, F, or Kelvin (K).

The Fluke 53 Series II and 54 Series II Include all the features listed for the 51 and 52 Series II plus: Data Logging up to 500 points of data with user adjustable recording interval Additional thermocouple types R, S, and N (for a total of 7 different types) Real time clock captures the exact time of day when events occur Recall function allows logged data to be easily reviewed on the meter display IR communication port allows data to be exported to optional FlukeView Temperature PC software for further analysis and graphing

65 Infrared Thermometer Range -40 to 500C (-40 to 932F) 0.1 resolution up to 200 Measurements in less than 1 second Bright laser beam for easy targeting 8:1 Optical Resolution MIN/MAX reading capture Large backlit dual display

2620T/2635T Recording Thermometers 20 channel precision thermometer with SPRT Reference Probe Up to 18 channels TC Calibration System Up to 9 channels RTD Calibration System NIST/DKD certified calibration to .05C

5500/5520 Multiproduct Calibrator Verify TC and RTD probes Calibrate most handheld multimeters and temperature calibrators Calibrate most functions of Fluke Process Calibrators Laboratory accuracy

Temperature Calibration Fluke Corporation 5

Temperature Test Tool Summary Performance: Selected examples

743/743B 741/741B 53/54 51/52

744

725

724

714

712

Function RTD PT100-385

Range Measure -200 to 800C Simulate -200 to 800C Measure -200 to 800C Simulate -200 to 800 C Measure 0-11,000 Simulate 0-11,000 Measure 15-3200 Simulate 15-3200 Measure -202 to 1374 C Simulate -202 to 1374C Measure -200 to 1372C Measure -200 to 1372C Measure -200 to 1370 C Simulate -200 to 1370C Measure 0-110 mV Source 0-110 mV Measure -10 to 75 mV Source -10 to 75 mV 0-24 mA 0-24 mA 24V dc

Resolution 0.1C 0.1C 0.1C .01 .01 .1 .1 0.1C 0.1C 0.1C <1000C 0.1C >1000C 0.1C <1000C 0.1C >1000C 0.1C 0.1C .001 mV .001 mV .01 mV .01 mV .001 mA .001 mA n/a

Accuracy 0.3C 0.33C 0.33C .05% + 50 m .01% + 40 m .1 to 1 .1 to 1 0.3C 0.3C 0.05% rdg + 0.3C 0.05% rdg + 0.3C 0.3C + 10 V 0.3C + 10 V .25% + .015% FS .01% + .005% FS .025% + 1 count .025% + 1 count .020% + 2 count .010% + .015% FS 10%

Notes 8 RTD types 7 RTD types

RTD PT100-385 Resistance 100 range Resistance 100 range Thermocouple Type K Thermocouple Type K Thermocouple Type K Thermocouple Type K mV mV Measure mA Measure mA Loop Power Supply

JKTERSBLUNC JKTERSN JKTE JKTERSBLU plus N on 724, 725

Temperature Terminology
Dry Well Calibrator: A temperature calibrator that uses a precision oven to source precise temperature. This style of calibrator is often used for the verification of temperature sensors. Excitation current: A constant current applied to an RTD probe to determine actual resistance for temperature measurement. Typical values are 2 mA or less to minimize self-heating of the probe. IPTS-68: International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968. A temperature standard adopted in 1968 that uses intrinsic standards to define the measurement of temperature. ITS-90: International Temperature Scale of 1990. A temperature standard adopted in 1990 that uses intrinsic standards to define the measurement of temperature. This standard modifies the intrinsic standards of IPTS-68 with additional intrinsic references. Lead Resistance Compensation: A compensation method used with 3 and 4 wire RTDs and resistance measurement. This method negates the error associated with lead resistance when making an RTD measurement. Reference Temperature: The temperature at which a thermocouple temperature measurement is referenced. For Fluke Calibration tools, this is the temperature where the thermocouple mini-plug is connected to the calibrator. R: The resistance value of an RTD probe at 0C. Example PT100-385, R = 100 . RTD: Resistance Temperature Device, a temperature measurement sensor that has predictable changes in resistance with a change in temperature. The most common RTD is the platinum PT100-385. Seebeck Effect: Thermoelectric effect in which the voltage potential increases with temperature (thermocouples) in a junction of dissimilar metals. Triple point of water: This temperature reference point is the intrinsic standard at which water is liquid, ice and gas. This reference point defines 0.01C.

6 Fluke Corporation Temperature Calibration

Thermocouples
Plug Color White Alloys + Pt-30% Rh Platinum30% Rhodium W-5% Re Tungsten5% Rhenium Ni-Cr NickelChromium (Chromel) Iron Fe Pt-6% Rh Platinum6% Rhodium W-26% Re Tungsten26% Rhenium Cu-Ni Copper-Nickel (Constantan) Cu-Ni Copper-Nickel (Constantan) Ni-Al NickelAluminum Cu-Ni Copper-Nickel (Constantan) Ni-Si-Mg Nickel-SiliconMagnesium (Nisil) Pt Platinum Pt Platinum Cu-Ni Copper-Nickel (Constantan) Cu-Ni Copper-Nickel Fluke 700 Series DPCs Temperature EMF Range Range 600 to 1820C, 1.792 to 13.820 mV 1112 to 3308F 0 to 2316C, 32 to 4201F -250 to 1000C, -418 to 1832F -210 to 1200C, -346 to 2193F -200 to 1372C, -328 to 2502F -200 to 900C, -328 to 1652F -200 to 1300C, -328 to 2372 F -20 to 1767C, -4 to 3213F -20 to 1767C, -4 to 3213F -250 to 400C, -418 to 752F -200 to 600C, -328 to 1112F 0 to 37.079 mV

Temperature Conversion
F 4352 4172 C 2400 2300 2200 2100 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100

B
Red

C
Purple

-9.719 to 76.370 mV

3992 3812

E
Black

-8.096 to 69.555 mV

3632 3452 3272

J
Yellow

K
Blue

L
Orange

Ni-Cr NickelChromium (Chromel) Fe Iron Ni-Cr-Si Nickel-ChromiumSilicon (Nicrosil) Pt-13% Rh Platinum13% Rhodium Pt-10% Rh Platinum10% Rhodium Cu Copper Cu Copper

-5.891 to 54.886 mV

-8.166 to 53.147 mV

3092 2912

-3.990 to 47.514 mV
2732 2552

N
Green

-0.101 to 21.089 mV
2372

R
Green

-0.103 to 18.682 mV

2192 2012

S
Blue

-6.181 to 20.873 mV
1832 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300

T
White

Fixed Points of ITS-90

961.78C Silver freezing point
1652 1472 1292 1112

-5.693 to 34.320 mV

660.323C Al freezing point

Application Assistance To request copies of these application notes, contact your Fluke sales organizations, or in the U.S. call 1-800-44-FLUKE. Understanding Specifications - 1261947 Transmitter Calibration - 1262393 HART Transmitter Calibration - 1262439 Limit Switches - 1263879 Custom Units - 1263925 Calibrating Voltage Input Signal Conditioners - 1264324 In Field Valve Positioner Checks - 1264336 Checking Loop Powered Isolators - 1264349 Pressure Modules - 1281620

932 752 572 392 212 32 -148 -328 -459

419.527C Zinc freezing point

231.928C Tin freezing point

200

156.5985 C Indium freezing point

100 0 -100 -200 -273

29.7646 C Gallium melting point 0.01C H2O triple point -38.8344C Mercury triple point

-189.3442C Argon triple point -218.7916C Oxygen triple point -248.5939 C Neon triple point -259.3467C Hydrogen triple point

Temperature Calibration Fluke Corporation 7

Temperature Accessories
Fluke 700RTD SPRT Probe Precision 4-wire, 100 SPRT (Secondary Platinum Resistance Thermometer) probe for precision temperature measurement. Ships with Cal certificate and data from -200 to 500C. Fluke 700TC1 Thermocouple Mini-Plug Kit (11 types) For use with: Fluke 700, 720 or 740 Series Process Calibrators, Fluke 714 Thermocouple Thermometer. Description: A kit of 10 mini-plug connectors: Type J (black), one Type K (yellow), one Type T (blue), one Type E (purple), one Type R/S (green), one Type B or Cu (white), one Type L (J-DIN) (blue), one Type U (T-DIN) (brown), one Type C (red), one Type N (orange), one Fluke 700TC2 Thermocouple Mini-Plug Kit Type J, K, T, E, R/S For use with: Fluke 700, 720 or 740 Series Process Calibrators, Fluke 714 Thermocouple Thermometer. Description: A kit of seven mini-plug connectors: Type J (black), two Type K (yellow), two Type T (blue), one Type E (purple), one Type R/S (green), one 80T-IR Non-Contact Infrared Temperature Probes For quick, non-contact temperature measurement in less than one second Instantly measures temperatures from -18 C to 260 C (0 to 500 F) Highly repeatable readings displayed in C or F Optical resolution 4:1 Output 1mV/C or 1mV/F (switch selectable) 80T-IR/E Extended Range, Non-Contact Infrared Temperature Probe Special version of the 80T-IR: Extended range: 0 to 1,000 F Measures F only (no C) 80TK Thermocouple Module Converts multimeters with a mV range into digital thermometers. Converts K-type thermocouple signals into mV output. Connects to DMM via standard bannana plugs Switch selectable C or F Range: -50 C to 1000 C (-58 to 1832 F) Infrared Temperature Probe 80PK-IR Compatible with Fluke 714, 724, 725, 74X, Fluke 50 Series thermometers, Fluke 16 and 89 IV DMMs, this probe measures the temperature of objects that cant be touched. Measurement range: -18 to 260 C (0 to 500 F) General Purpose Bead Probes 80PK-1 and 80PJ-1 Basic, inexpensive thermocouple. Good accuracy and fast response. (Not suitable for liquid immersion.) 80PK-1 for K-type thermometers; 80PJ-1 works for J-Type thermometers Measurement range: -40 to 260 C (-40 to 500 F) K-Type Immersion Probe 80PK-2A General-purpose probe including liquids and gels. Measurement range: -40 to 982 C (-40 to 1800 F) K-Type Flat Surface Probe 80PK-3A Measure the temperature of flat or slightly convex surfaces, such as hot rollers and plates. Exposed junction for direct contact with surface Measurement range: 0 to 260 C (32 to 500 F) K-Type Air Probe 80PK-4A For air and non-caustic gas applications. Probe of 304 stainless steel with perforated baffle around the bead Measurement range: -40 to 816C (-40 to 1500 F) Piercing Probes 80PK-5A and 80PT-5A Designed for foods, liquids and gels. Probe made of 304 stainless steel 80PK-5A is compatible with K-Type instruments; 80PT-5A is designed for use with T-Type thermometers Measurement range: -40 to 260 C (-40 to 500 F) K-type Exposed Junction Probe 80PK-6A Use both as a surface probe and for insertion into air and non-corrosive gases. Probe made of 304 stainless steel Measurement range: -40 to 816 C (-40 to 1500 F) K-Type Industrial / Heavy Duty Surface - Probe - 80PK-7 For flat or slightly curved surfaces. Exposed junction allows direct contact with the surface being measured Rugged design for extended service life Measurement range: -127 to 600 C (-196 F to 1112 F) K-Type Probe Pipe Clamp Temperature Probe-80PK-8 Designed for pipes from 6.4 mm (1/4") diameter to 34.9 mm (1-3/8") diameter. Measurement range: -29 C to 149C (-20 F to 300 F) General Purpose Probes 80PK-9 and 80PJ-9 Use as surface probe and for insertion into air and non-caustic gases. Probe constructed of 304 stainless steel 80PK-9 is compatible with K-type thermometers; 80PJ-9 operates with J-Type Measurement range: -40 to 260 C (-40 to 500 F) Extension Wire Kits - 80PK-EXT, 80PJ-EXT and 80PT-EXT For extending and repairing J, K or T-type thermocouple wires. Kit includes 3 meters of thermocouple wire and 1 pair of male/female mini-connectors Maximum continuous exposure temperature: 260 C (500 F)

Fluke. Keeping your world up and running.

Fluke Corporation PO Box 9090, Everett, WA USA 98206 Fluke Europe B.V. PO Box 1186, 5602 BD Eindhoven, The Netherlands For more information call: U.S.A. (800) 443-5853 or Fax (425) 356-5116 Europe/M-East/Africa (31 40) 2 678 200 or Fax (31 40) 2 678 222 Canada (800) 36-FLUKE or Fax (905) 890-6866 Other countries (425) 356-5500 Web access: www.fluke.com
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