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PHP and Mysql Tutorial: Introductions The Metadata

Brett Tyson, a high school sophomore, was suspended after teachers overheard him say he was using PHP. The principal and parents believe PHP is a dangerous new drug. In reality, PHP is a scripting language used to create dynamic web pages. The school has blocked internet access to all sites mentioning PHP to prevent its spread.

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Kayemba Ismael
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62 views

PHP and Mysql Tutorial: Introductions The Metadata

Brett Tyson, a high school sophomore, was suspended after teachers overheard him say he was using PHP. The principal and parents believe PHP is a dangerous new drug. In reality, PHP is a scripting language used to create dynamic web pages. The school has blocked internet access to all sites mentioning PHP to prevent its spread.

Uploaded by

Kayemba Ismael
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topeka, KS - High school sophomore Brett Tyson was suspended today after teachers learned he may be using PHP.

PHP and MySQL Tutorial


Michael Coblenz

"A teacher overheard him say that he was using PHP, and as part of our Zero-Tolerance policy against drug use, he was immediately suspended. No questions asked," said Principal Clyde Thurlow. "We're not quite sure what PHP is, but we suspect it may be a derivative of PCP, or maybe a new designer drug like GHB." Parents are frightened by the discovery of this new menace in their children's school, and are demanding the school do something. "We heard that he found out about PHP at school on the internet. There may even be a PHP web ring operating on school grounds," said irate parent Carol Blessing. "School is supposed to be teaching our kids how to read and write. Not about dangerous drugs like PHP." In response to parental demands the school has reconfigured its internet WatchDog software to block access to all internet sites mentioning PHP. Officials say this should prevent any other students from falling prey like Brett Tyson did. They have also stepped up locker searches and brought in drug sniffing dogs. Interviews with students suggested that PHP use is wide spread around the school, but is particularly concentrated in the geeky nerd population. When contacted by BBspot.com, Brett Tyson said, "I don't know what the hell is going on dude, but this suspension gives me more time for fraggin'. Yee haw!" PHP is a hypertext preprocessor, which sounds very dangerous. It is believed that many users started by using Perl and moved on to the more powerful PHP. For more information on how to recognize if your child may be using PHP please visit http://www.php.net.
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Introductions

The Metadata
2 parts, each 3 hours

Me You

PHP rst, MySQL second End at lunch today Continue tomorrow

The Rules
Think before you code! Dont just copy code from here No wimps! This class is hardcore Dont get lost! Questions are required, not optional
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Why are we here?


Want sites that change - dynamic sites. Need more power! Powerful sites need powerful tools The tool makes the developer

Our Example

Static vs. Dynamic Sites


Static: stays the same

An online store!

Might be edited periodically Dynamic: changes on demand search, change preferences, interact, post, edit

What is PHP?
Software package www.php.net Works with web server software Similar to: ASP, ColdFusion, Java Server Pages (JSP)

Why a database?
Need to store lots of data! Fast access to data Data must persist Data is structured

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How Static Pages Work


Hard Drive HTTP server (e.g. Apache, IIS)

How Dynamic Pages Work


SQL query

PHP
"Here is an HTML le for index.php."

www.foo.edu
"Please process index.php."

MySQL
I want index.html.

index.html

HTTP request: GET index.html

Database server (maybe www.foo.edu)

query result

HTTP server (Apache)


GET index.php

I want index.php.

Users computer
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Users computer
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The Plan
PHP MySQL Integration Project: online store! today today/tomorrow tomorrow tomorrow

Down to business!

Lets learn PHP!

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Really: What is PHP?


PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor Program to help server 1. Run script (a program!) Generate HTML 2. Send HTML to HTTP server 3. HTTP server sends HTML to user
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PHP Language Intro


Think: "Im generating an HTML le." Two categories: PHP code HTML HTML gets sent to user directly PHP code executed, output sent to user
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Which witch is which?


Delimiters: <?php ?> Between delimiters: MUST be PHP code Not between delimiters: MUST be HTML

Statements
PHP code consists of statements Semicolon-terminated Exception: last statement <?php echo ("Hello, world!"); doStuff (); echo ("Goodbye, world!"); ?>
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Code in Courier

Delimiter Examples
Input
<?php printPi(); ?> printPi(); <?php echo(40 + 2); ?> 40 + 2

Hello, world!
Output
A working example Put this in hello.php in Sites folder <HTML><HEAD> <TITLE>Hello!</TITLE></HEAD> <BODY> <?php echo ("Hello, world!");?> </BODY></HTML> Look at <server>/~josti#/hello.php
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3.14159265359 printPi(); 42 40 + 2

Spot the syntax errors


< ?php echo ("hi") ?> <?php echo (hi) ?> <?php echo ("hi") echo ("hi") ?> <?php echo (""hello!""); ?>
use instead:

Variables

Name preceded by $ No declarations, very weak typing Must begin with letter or underscore Names contain only letters, numbers, underscores

$name = "George";
WARNING: undened variables have NULL value; can use without error!
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<?php echo ("\"hello!\""); ?>

Comments
Comment your code! Code is for people, not machines. PHP does this; // ignores this /* PHP ignores all of this */
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If statements
if ($grade > 64) { echo ("You passed!"); } else { echo ("What a loser!"); } Curly braces only required for more than one statement
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More tests
if ($grade >= 64 && !($grade > 75)) echo "lucky punk!"; if (calculateMeaningOfLife() == 42) echo "Phew!";

Handy Boolean operators


Not And Or ! && || Greater than Less than Greater than or equal to Less than or equal to Not equal > < >= <= <>
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Spot the errors

Not syntax errors...

Loops
for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) { echo ("iteration " . $i); } Notice the "." - its the string concatenation operator. while (isMoreData()) { printData(); }
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or "What does this code do?"

if (name == "Dave") echo "D"; if ($name = "Dave") echo "D"; if ($foo < 6); echo "less!"; if (1 < 4) if (5 > 42) echo "one"; else echo "two";

Exercise
Create a web page that displays your name 500 times. use a for loop. After that works, modify it to also print a line number on each line.

Functions to Know & Tell


die("You lose! No data for you!"); mail($toAddress,$subject, $message, $headers); isset($variable); But how do I read the documentation?
We'll see later.

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Arrays
Actually ordered maps keys (strings or ints) to values (stuff in array) $arr = array (5 => 1); echo $arr[5]; // 1 $arr["x"] = 42; remember this for MySQL echo $arr["x"]; // 42
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Tables refresher (HTML)


<TABLE BORDER="1"> <TR> <TD>100</TD> <TD>200</TD> <TD>300</TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>400</TD> <TD>500</TD> <TD>600</TD> </TR> </TABLE>
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Generating tables
<TABLE> <?php $rows = 10; $cols = 3; for ($i = 0; $i < $rows; $i++) { echo "<TR>"; for ($j=0; $j < $cols; $j++) { echo "<TD>row $i,col $j</TD>"; } echo "</TR>"; } ?> </TABLE>
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Questions?

Next up: Form processing

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Forms
Two parts form (HTML) form processor (PHP)

The Form
<FORM action="processor.php" method="post"> <INPUT type="text" name="username" size="20"/> <INPUT type="password" name="password" size="20"/> <INPUT type="submit" value="click here!"/> </FORM>
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<FORM action="processor.php" method="post"> <INPUT type="text" name="username" size="20"/> <INPUT type="password" name="password" size="20"/> <INPUT type="submit" value="click here!"/> </FORM>

The form processor


Input elds are variables (PHP magic!) use $_POST["variable"] if sent with post. $_GET["variable"] for get. Changed in PHP 4.2 for security. Do whatever is appropriate with them. Query a database, perhaps? Can be the same le as the form
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Method: how browser sends data GET POST Action: where browser sends data INPUT: a eld for data entry

A simple login system


<?php if ($_POST["username"] == "teacher" && $_POST["password"] == "goldfish") { echo ("Here are the grades."); } else { echo ("You lose!"); } ?>

Exercise
Make a form for users to enter their name and favorite color. If their favorite color is the same as yours, print something special.

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One page forms


<?php if (isset($_POST["username"])): echo ("Hello, $_POST[username]"); else: ?> <FORM ...>....</FORM> Notice the colons! <?php endif; ?> Avoids ugly echos.

PHP include/require
Avoid code duplication include ("header.php"); require ("login.php"); Same, but require fails if its arguments doesnt exist.

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Handling login
Problem: each page wants $username, $password. Solutions? Yes, you.

Cookies
Or: angering ignorant users in one easy step!

Save a little data on users machine Like, say, the username, once they authenticated.
setcookie ("username", $username);

Be more careful if you care about security.

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How can login work?


require ("login.php"); in login.php: if username not set, ask and die. Thats it! Not very secure. There are better ways.

On to MySQL!

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What is SQL?
Structured Query Language Not English, Spanish, French,... Query: request "Please add Joe to the user list." "Who posted today?"
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What is MySQL?
Particular implementation of SQL Others: SQLite (included in PHP 5) PostgreSQL MS SQL Server
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MySQL includes...
mysqld Daemon - runs all the time Server process Manages les that contain actual database mysql Client - runs when you need it Talks to mysqld
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Relational Databases

Not your mothers databases! Database == spreadsheet?

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A good database?
Mug Apple Microsoft Sun DEC Color White Black Green green Price $10 $2 $5 $100
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A Better Database
ID 0 1 2 Color White Black Green
Colors

ID 0 1 2 3

Mug Apple Microsoft Sun DEC

Price 10 2 5 100

Color 0 1 2 2

Mugs
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Relational Databases
Avoid Duplication Assign a UNIQUE ID to each row Refer to data in other tables by ID Unambiguous!

Buzzwords
Table: Spreadsheet Database: Collection of tables Row or record: Entry in table Column: Field for entering data Schema: A particular database setup

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Types
Think "kinds" Types of tools: hammer, screwdriver bang (hammer)? OK. turn (screwdriver)? OK. turn (hammer)? No!
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Some data types


INT: -2147483648 to 2147483647 FLOAT, DOUBLE DATE, TIMESTAMP VARCHAR(20): up to 20 characters TEXT: up to 65,535 characters BLOB: like TEXT, but sorting is case insensitive
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Your turn!
Design a database schema for a store for your mug collection. Hint: mugs table users table (better record who bought what!) What data do you need? Groups of three
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Using MySQL
Use mysql client to talk to server ssh (with PuTTY). See blackboard. Login: josti#. Password: international mysql -u josti# -p Now: only type MySQL commands.

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MySQL commands
use josti#; End commands with semicolons Case InSenSiTiVe show tables;

CREATE TABLE mugs (id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, PRIMARY KEY (ID), description VARCHAR(40), price float); Pattern: create table <table_name> (column denition, column denition, ...) Column denition: <column_name> <type>

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Changing table schemata

Indices and Keys


Index: pre-sort by this, so searching is MUCH faster

ALTER TABLE mugs ADD quantity int

Primary key: unique identier Constraints are your friend! NOT NULL, DEFAULT

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Adding Data
INSERT INTO mugs (description, price) values ('DEC', 100); or: INSERT INTO mugs SET description='DEC', price=100; Add a few records of your own!
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Getting data
You SELECT the data you want FROM the table it's in. SELECT description, price FROM mugs SELECT description FROM mugs ORDER BY description ASCENDING SELECT description FROM mugs WHERE price < 10
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A brief syntax interlude


"In the beginning there was the word. But by the time the second was added to it, there was trouble. For with it came syntax..." John Simon "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously." - Noam Chomsky Lets look at the manual.

INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED] [IGNORE] [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)] VALUES ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),... [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr, ... ] [stuff]: stuff is optional {a | b}: pick a or b, not both. Must have one.
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ALTER [IGNORE] TABLE tbl_name alter_specification [, alter_specification] ... alter_specification: ADD [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name ] | ADD [COLUMN] (column_definition,...) | ADD INDEX [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...) | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...) | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...) | ADD [FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] [index_name] (index_col_name,...) | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY [index_name] (index_col_name,...) [reference_definition] | ALTER [COLUMN] col_name {SET DEFAULT literal | DROP DEFAULT} | CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name column_definition [FIRST|AFTER col_name] | MODIFY [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name] | DROP [COLUMN] col_name | DROP PRIMARY KEY | DROP INDEX index_name | DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_symbol | DISABLE KEYS | ENABLE KEYS ... (it keeps going!)

More SQL
UPDATE mugs SET price=15 WHERE id = 1 UPDATE mugs SET Oops! D description='hello, world' on't do this! DELETE FROM mugs WHERE id = 42 Try it yourself
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Multiple tables
And you thought it was complicated enough! mugs table: description, id, color but color is an int colors table: name, id Want list of mugs and their colors
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mugs: description, id, color colors: name, id

Problem: Combine data from two tables Attempted Solution: SELECT mugs.description AS name, colors.name AS color FROM mugs, colors Does this work?
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Wrong answer!
+------+---------+ | desc | color | +------+---------+ | DEC | Blue | | Sun | Blue | | DEC | White | | Sun | White | +------+---------+ What happened?
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Analysis
A subset is shown here for simplicity.... MySQL followed instructions.
+------+---------+ | desc | color | +------+---------+ | DEC | Blue | | Sun | Blue | | DEC | White | | Sun | White | +------+---------+

SELECT mugs.description AS name, colors.name AS color FROM mugs, colors Got all combinations of mugs and colors!
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The Fix
What didnt we specify?

previously: SELECT mugs.description AS name, colors.name AS color FROM mugs, colors

SQL functions
SELECT 1 + 2 SELECT MAX (price) FROM mugs MAX is an "aggregate" function also COUNT SELECT name FROM users WHERE age < 18 OR age > 65 SELECT name FROM users WHERE name LIKE Mi%e%"
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SELECT mugs.description AS name, colors.name AS color FROM mugs, colors WHERE mugs.color = colors.id

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User accounts
Have a users table. Store passwords. No! Use sha1!

MySQL interface
New! Need PHP 5, MySQL 4.1 Object-oriented The plan: 1. Close anything you open 2. Open connection 3. Do query 4. Use results

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Using results
<TABLE> <?php $mysqli = new mysqli ("localhost", "josti#", "inter", "josti#"); if (mysqli_connect_errno()) echo "connect error!"; $result = $mysqli->query("SELECT * FROM mugs"); while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) { echo "<TR><TD>$row[description]</TD> <TD> $row[price]</TD></TR>"; } ?> </TABLE>
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Secret Forms
Scenario: How do you buy a mug? Want "buy" link on entry... but link, not form Need to hide data in link GET to the rescue!
(never seen GET in a cape and tights?)

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Secret forms: the trick!


Need to encode post ID in link
http://.../showMugs.php?mug=42 ...?mug=42&sortBy=date&order=0 Use urlencode($uglyStuff); e.g. "Thing with spaces & stuff" hence ...?foo%20%37bar%20+baz

The project: a store!


1. Display all mugs for sale. 2. Add a "buy" link next to each mug. 1. When clicked: go to a "complete purchase" page 3. Add an "inventory" eld to the mugs table so you can track how many are in stock. 4. It should subtract one from the inventory every time someone buys one. 5. Starter code is provided.
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