Dawladda Hoose ee Hargeisa Hargeisa Municipality

DISTRICT PARTICIPATORY PLANNING AND BUDGETING PROCESS

DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK HARGEISA

JANUARY 2010

Table of Contents
1 2 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 3 DISTRICT PROFILE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Hargeisa profile ................................................................................................................................ 4 2.1.1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Poverty and social assessment ....................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Education................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2.2 Health ...................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.3 Economic assessment: ........................................................................................................... 6 2.2.4 Industry .................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.5 Public Transportation System ................................................................................................. 7 2.2.6 Roads network......................................................................................................................... 7 NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PRIORITIES ................................................................................. 7 RESULTS OF COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS ................................................................................. 8 4.1 Consultation process:....................................................................................................................... 8 4.2 Community needs and challenges ................................................................................................... 8 4.3 Opportunities and strengths in the district........................................................................................ 9 MAIN DISTRICT PRIORITIES ............................................................................................................... 9 OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................................................................... 10 6.1 Vision:............................................................................................................................................. 11 6.2 Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 11 6.2.1 Roads .................................................................................................................................... 11 6.2.2 Water and sanitation ............................................................................................................. 11 6.2.3 Education............................................................................................................................... 11 6.2.4 Health .................................................................................................................................... 11 6.2.5 Economic Development ........................................................................................................ 11 6.2.6 Governance and Security ...................................................................................................... 11 6.2.7 Environmental Protection ...................................................................................................... 11 6.2.8 Agriculture ............................................................................................................................. 11 MAIN INTERVENTIONS ...................................................................................................................... 11 7.1 Roads ............................................................................................................................................. 11 7.2 Water and sanitation ...................................................................................................................... 12 7.3 Education ....................................................................................................................................... 12 7.4 Health ............................................................................................................................................. 12 7.5 Economic Development ................................................................................................................. 12 7.6 Governance and Security............................................................................................................... 12 7.7 Environment ................................................................................................................................... 12 7.8 Agriculture ...................................................................................................................................... 12 ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................................ 13 8.1 Annex 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 13 8.2 Annex II .......................................................................................................................................... 13

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1 INTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Interior with support from JPLG has developed guidelines to harmonise different approaches to development planning. These guidelines are a set of steps and tasks that guide District Authorities through a participatory planning and budgeting process. The process is relevant to development planning and budgeting in the district in the long-term (over 5 years) and short term (annually). The guidelines identify three important outputs from the planning and budgeting process: A District Development Framework which is for 5 years but reviewed annually. A District Annual Work Plan A District Annual Budget (linked to the Annual Work Plan) The District Development Framework (DDF) being one of the three outputs is a document that: Specifies the main social and development objectives of the district. Summarises the main challenges facing the district in achieving its objectives. Broadly defines the main priority interventions needed to achieve the objectives. Lists more detailed specific investments or interventions (but not to the point of activities and detailed costing or specific locations). Defines simple indicators and targets to measure achievement of the objectives. The DDF is meant to be used by District Councils to decide on projects and activities to put into the Annual Work Plan. It will help to ensure that projects are chosen with a clear objective in mind for the districts development, rather than just at random. In addition to that the DDF serves as a source of information for VCs/CDCs in order to ask questions about services or projects decided on by the District Council. To that end DDF will act as an accountability tool for District Councils. The DDF is based on: first, District Profile which gives an overview of the current social and economic conditions of the district. District profile helps the local authorities to understand the current situation and to anticipate what the future look like. It is the database of the district. Secondly, National requirements which outlines the national objectives and strategies in relation to Education, Water, Health and Environment policies that a district must work in accordance with. Thirdly, the existing plans which is previous plans that have been made in the district. And finally, the community consultations which give communities the opportunity to participate in the planning process. A team comprising the Executive Secretary and heads of district departments, MoI and some committed members of the society were established to prepare the draft DDF. Thus, profiling, community consultation and reviewing of the previous plans have been done before the DDF.

DISTRICT PROFILE SUMMARY

2.1 Hargeisa profile

Hargeisa district lies in a valley with hills running parallel from East to West. The district stretches to White Sand village to the East and has five sub-districts & 75 quarters. Hargeisa is the capital of the Hargeisa district as well as the capital of Somaliland. The city occupies an estimated area of 120 sq kms. It is situated in a high land with altitude of about 1km -1.2km above the sea level. The city has an estimated current population of 750,000. In addition to that figure, there is a considerable number of refugees from Ethiopia & from neighbouring countries. Table 1.Population Year Population

2007 650,000

2009 750,000

Table 2 Age of Population 0-14 years 15-24 25 - 54 years 46.0% 19.0% 29.0% Graph 1 Population projection

55+ 6.0%

2.2 Poverty and social assessment

2.2.1 Education In respect to education status of the district, there are 139 primary schools with 61,393 pupils enrolled. 33% of the schools are privately owned that account for less than 10% of the pupils. There is an increase of 5% of the pupils for the last three years, but the number of schools increased less than 1% for the same period. Primary
Public & Private schools

Year

No. of Total Schools Pupils TOTAL2009 139 61391

Total teachers 1538

Total class 1403

District PCR 43

No. of TCR 1.1

PTR 40

Secondary
Public & Private

Year TOTAL

No. of Total Schools Pupils 24 11439

Total teachers 332

Total class 216

District PCR

No. of TCR

PTR

In relation to tertiary education of the district, there are 6 functional universities. Hargeisa University is the oldest and serves the largest number of students. Lucy is latest that was opened this year. In addition to that, there are more than 11 vocational training schools that offer trainings on specific skills like carpentry, masonry, electricity, nursing etc. These vocational schools are private property except one nursing school and the Civil Servant Institute which are public institutions. 2.2.2 Health The district hosts 3 public hospitals with a total of 550 beds. There are 41 medical doctors among the 517 staff that work in these facilities. However, there are 17 private facilities known as hospitals that perform the functions of hospitals. Besides that, there are 249 pharmacies in the city which exceed the necessary number. 2.2.3 Economic assessment: The economy of the country & employment of its people is dominated by the labour intensive agricultural sector. This is followed by fiercely competitive trading. There is annual inflow of remittance from Somaliland Diaspora. Hargeisa is largely a distribution centre of trade and manufacturing light industries. It is the potential for the national economic growth through development of foundation markets. The most important sources of livelihood for Hargeisa residents are in order of importance: Remittance Petty trade
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Construction Qat trading

2.2.4 Industry There are a total of 57 light industries in the district. Those are mainly wood, metal, water & aluminium. 2.2.5 Public Transportation System Mode Mini-bus Taxi Seater buses Heavy commercial vehicles 2003 100 423 390 276 2006 160 535 639 232 2009 350 1660 790 293

2.2.6 Roads network No of roads are 43. Majority of the roads are old , rough or worn out No of New roads constructed is 13 with total length of 10.76km Bridges: Currently there is one operational & another one is under construction

NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PRIORITIES

The Somaliland ministry of interior with the collaboration of six target districts and with the support of United Nations joint programme on local governance (JPLG) carried out this District Development Framework (DDF). Somaliland regions and districts have a constitutional right to develop the development agenda of their locations, in order to realize the decentralization and self-administration stipulated in the constitution. This DDF has identified priorities, envisioned objectives, and proposes intervention points in six districts namely; Borama, Hargeisa, Berbera, Sheikh, Burao and Odweine. However, the priorities of those districts needs to be aligned with the national priorities in the sector ministries, and to take this process forward the ministry of interior is in discussion with the sector ministries to share their plans and the allocated budgets for target districts. The MOI initiated advocacy and discussions with other concerned sector ministries to make the decentralization process in service delivery practically happen in Somaliland. However, as this process is yet new to the ministries and needs convincing and more discussions, therefore we are not able to put the list of national priorities from the sector into this DDF this year (2010), but it should be incorporated for the following years.

RESULTS OF COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS

4.1 Consultation process:

Community consultation is an extremely important part the DDF. It is where communities are given the chance to decide their fate. To successfully carry out this vital task, 20 qualified personnel were selected through transparent system. They were then given three days training on how to do the community consultations. 10 teams (each team with two members) were formed and were dispatched so 121 communities. See annex listing major centres & communities under each major centre.The consultations took place in all villages without exception and there were no major difficulties encountered in the process.

4.2 Community needs and challenges

All of the communities visited reported that there exist health challenges, but they vary on the specifics. Some are complaining of the lack of health staff, while others are concerned of insufficient drugs in health posts, or of a difficulty to reach health centres. Communities are complaining of educational problems. The number of pupils has been increasing at 5% every year, but schools are not increasing at the same rate. On the other hand, existing classes are overcrowded with an average 50 pupils/class. This fact is particularly evident in Hargeisa city. Schools tuition fees vary but majority are expensive for families with number of children. In most of remote communities there no qualified teachers because of low pay that is insufficient for their living. Public schools do not receive regular maintenance and repair. Most of the city roads are in poor condition and require overall repair. The city is in short of bridges where residents sometimes find themselves cut off from their families during rainy days due the flow of water in the stream. Roads that link Hargeisa with other settlements are rough and impassable in the rainy seasons. Water availability in the city is scarce. Except those limited number of households with pipes, the majority of households remain without affordable potable waters. Majority of communities outside Hargeisa rated water problem as high priority. Some communities pointed to lack of public sites like playgrounds, community centres, markets, and public parks. They mention that due to the lack of football grounds, children turn to other violent activities. Poverty level is not known for exact, but it a known fact that there is high unemployment rate in the city. Most of families could be described as poor with incomes of less than two dollars per day. To that end, all communities described poverty as a major challenge.

Communities who are engaged in farming complain of low productivity and of low returns on their production because of difficulty to obtain inputs, as well as farming tools. Lack of know how is considered as another aggravating problem. Environment is being destroyed at alarming rate. Charcoal business & plastic materials are posing biggest threat to the environment. These combined with other problem like urbanization resulted in loss of soil & grazing areas, which in turn cause droughts and loss the livestock. Security concerns were raised by most of the communities. Limited number of police stations that are scattered in the city can not cope with the ever increasing population & growing city. They stated that in most of the city quarters, police stations do not exist or is far from them.

4.3 Opportunities and strengths in the district

Despite the challenges mentioned above, there are number of opportunities that could contribute to enhancing to the social & economic situation of the communities. These include: Hargeisa council has established growing co-operation with city communities that lead to construction of 11 new roads. It is likely that such co-operation could be extended to other needs. Similarly the council has good relationship with leading business people and companies. These contribute to the developmental projects when requested. Such cooperation where communities are taking part in their development is relatively new phenomenon and a positive step towards the right direction. Communities outside the city are also realising the importance of community contribution. The stability in the country is favourable to the developmental projects. The sustainability of projects is a critical matter. Communities given the skills needed are now prepared to run & maintain their projects when handed over. Affordable communication system is in place everywhere in the country. Relatively cheap materials (construction) & labourer are available in rural areas. Existence of district councils and VCs/CDCs and linkages between them.
The existence of some service facilities like schools, boreholes, heath and community centres

MAIN DISTRICT PRIORITIES

Based on the community consultation results and taking into account national requirements and priorities, the district council came up with the following main priority areas:.
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1. Roads There is high demand for improved road system in the capital as well as in the district. The bulk of population of the district lives in the capital. Similarly, the number of vehicle in the capital outnumbers the total number of vehicles in the country. 2. Water Demand for clean water in the capital & the rural areas is high priority. Improvement of the sanitation in the capital is deemed equally important. 3. Education Provision of primary education for all is regarded as another priority.This is in line with the targets of the millennium development goals (MDG) for the year 2015. 4. Health Access to improved health care is also a major priority. There are basic health facilities in the majority of community settlements areas but these needs to be made functional & sustainable. 5. Economic Development Poverty level due to the high unemployment rate in the district is a problem that demands immediate attention. Creation of job opportunities in the public and private sectors is important. Establishment of credit scheme may lessen the burden of unemployment. 6. Governance and Security With the increasing number of population coupled with the increased level of violence in the region as a whole, improving of the security level is vital through establishment of police stations & trainings. 7. Environmental protection The impact of environment degradation is already being felt by the pastoralists as well as the farmers. Vast land is becoming desert year after year. Solution must be found for the problem. 8. Agriculture Farming is a trade for number of communities in the district. It provides employment, income & food to live on. Attention should be given to improve the productivity of the farmers in the district.

6 OBJECTIVES
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6.1 Vision:
Five years from now we look forward to a district with fairly-developed infrastructure, improved social services, better environment and upgraded living standard of the people.

6.2 Objectives
6.2.1 Roads Five years from now, the conditions of roads in the district should be improved to a level that is sufficient with the traffic. The situation of existing roads should be improved with complete renovation of the old tarmac roads and improving feeder roads to rural areas. Drainage system should go with the new roads. 6.2.2 Water and sanitation 6.2.3 6.2.4 Five years from now, 80% of the population of the district should be able to get to clean water. The sanitation situation of the district should be improved Education Five years from now, 70% of school age children should get primary education. Adult literacy level should also be enhanced in 20%. Health Five years from now, there should be basic health system that is sustainable affordable and available to 50% of the communities. Sanitation services should be increased by 50%. Economic Development Five years from now, the unemployment rate among youth should be reduced by 5%. Governance and Security Five years from now, security situation of the capital should be improved. Environmental Protection Five years from now, environment degradation should be halted, when the use of charcoal in the city and in major towns is discontinued. Terracing in water shed areas is also contemplated to be carried out to reduce soil erosion. Agriculture Five years from now, the production of farmers should increase to a level where it becomes sufficient to demand of local grown crops. The production should be achieved through improved farming techniques and better farm inputs.

6.2.5 6.2.6 6.2.7

6.2.8

MAIN INTERVENTIONS

7.1 Roads
Construct new tarmac roads in the city
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 Rehabilitate and improve feeder roads linking with other settlements Improve drainage systems in the capital.

7.2 Water and sanitation

Construct new boreholes in the vicinity & expand water supplies through pipes and kiosks in the capital. Dig shallow wells and water catchments or berkads for rural communities. Strengthen garbage collection services and ban commercial plastic bags.

7.3 Education
Construct/rehabilitate primary and secondary schools in the district Establish an education system for nomads. Expand adult literacy programmes in rural settlements.

7.4 Health
Construct of new health centres fully staffed and equipped. Make the already existing health facilities fully operational.

7.5 Economic Development

Implement labour intensive works for road maintenance and similar projects. To reduce

the poverty and unemployment.

Introduce food for work schemes to curb soil erosion.

7.6 Governance and Security

Build the capacity of police through trainings, equipments and infrastructure. Recruit young educated police officers.

7.7 Environment
Introduce kerosene stoves in to the city and main towns to replace charcoal. Exempt duties of the alternative energies to reduce its costs to be comparable to charcoal. Ban the use, importation and manufacturing of plastic bags and introduce a substitute paper.

7.8 Agriculture
Provide more and diversified agricultural inputs and fertilizers. Establish agricultural vocational training centres will enhance the skills of farmers. Increase the number of nurseries in the district.

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8 ANNEXES
8.1 Annex 1
The table below illustrates the activities and time taken to complete the District Development Framework.

Activity Preparation of District Profile Determining of national/line-ministry requirements Searching for existing district priorities and plans Community consultation process Determining results from Community consultation processes Preparing draft DDF

Responsible body

No. of input days

District Council and Executive 20 Secretary Executive Secretary/ district line- 2 departments Economic and Development Sub- 1 committee of the District Council Recruited personnel plus MOI 13 Economic and Development Sub- 3 committee of the District Council

Executive Secretary and 5 Facilitators Conducting DDF feedback District Council 1 Workshop Finalizing the DDF Executive Secretary/ Economic and 5 Development Sub-committee

8.2 Annex II
This table summarizes the outcome of 114 communities consulted. Read the table as follows: Column one shows that 42 of the 114 communities indicated that their first priority is Water.

PRIORTIES 1

34 Health 12 17 Education 6 2 Roads 8 6 Sanitation Water 42 19 1 Environment 1 5 17 Agriculture 7 6 Poverty 2 5 Peace From this table it is evident
Priority 1 = Water

2 40

3
23

4
7 27 4 6 16 8

5
2 5 22 1 5 18 7

6
3 21 1 3

7
3 12 1 17 1 8

Missing
8 12

35
9 7 17 2 14 8 4

37 85 11 34 37 16

27
2 25 8

30
12 5

6 1 2 7

30
13

23

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Priority 2 = Health Priority 3 = Education Priority 4 = Agriculture/poverty reduction Priority 5 = Environment Priority 6 = Security/peace

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